Explanatory note.

The proposed course is aimed at securing, expanding and deepening the knowledge of the material studied at the rate of grades 6-8, the development of sustainable interest in biology, expansion of the horizon, raising the total cultural level of students. The program is based on the requirements of the basic curriculum And is an addition to it, designed for 35 hours a year (hour per week). This course provides for the study of the most important and complex issues of the biology program. It is designed for students as the main and older learning step and can assist in choosing a further learning profile. The focus is on the course to study the issues of the Botany course, since the material on this section is studied in incomplete amount, due to the reduction of hours - 1 hour per week. In the course of training, students mined the necessary material from educational books and additional literature and use the knowledge gained to compile generalizing schemes, tables, drawings, creative works. In the course of studying the course, practical work is envisaged. Fixing the studied material goes through the compiled schemes, drawings and tables. With all the informativeness of these classes, they do not require complex equipment and can be useful in organizing research.

Place of course in the system of relevant training.

Elective course "The basic questions of biological science" is intended for prefigure (9th grade) and for the profile training of students of 10 sklass. This course considers the most important questions Biological science school program Much wider and deeper. This allows students of 9-class students to better prepare for state final certification and decide on the choice of profile in the 10th grade, and for students of the 11th - to prepare for the exam on this subject and have a knowledge base when studying at the university. The occupation is provided to spend once a week. The course is designed for 35 hours. If necessary, the total quantity can be increased.

The goal of the course: the formation, generalization and expansion of knowledge at the rate of biology, the development of a holistic idea of \u200b\u200bliving organisms and their place in the biosphere.

Course tasks:

1. Expansion and deepening knowledge on some issues of biology.
2. Providing conditions for finding the necessary material on the topic under study.
3. Formation of the ability to select the required material and drafting schemes, tables and patterns.
4. Development of skills research activities And the ability to provide research results.
5. The development of the communicative activity of students.
6. Promoting the professional orientation of students.

Basic requirements for knowledge and skills.

Students should know:

* The structure of cells of bacteria, mushrooms, plants and animals;
* Features of the fabrics of the plant and animal organism;
* basic ways of nutrition of organisms;
* The mechanism of the photosynthesis process and its role;
* the structure of the root and the mechanism of suction of water and mineral substances;
* mechanism for moving nutrients in the body;
* Flower buildings and double fertilization;
* Main evolutionary changes in plants and animals and their causes;.
* metabolism and its role.

Students should be able to:

* explain the cause of evolutionary changes;
* be able to compare the structure of organisms, cells and establish similarities and differences;
* Work with additional literature and the Internet network and select the necessary material;
* Prepare a microscope and work with a microscope;
* Conduct observations and experiments, draw conclusions based on the results obtained.

Methodical I. technical support Course:

* Tables, drawings, diagrams, photographic materials, video materials;
* Computer accompaniment;
* materials and equipment for laboratory and practical work;
* Educational and educational and visual manuals.

Methods of organizing training:

* verbal;
* visual;
* Practical activities;
* informative;
* Research.

Forms of training:

* lecture-seminar form of classes;
* independent work with additional literature;
* Conducting laboratory work;
* Work in small and large groups;
* Preparation of reports, presentations4
* Protection of creative works.

Introduction (1 hour).

Biology - science of living organisms. The kingdoms of the organic world and their diversity. The role of organisms in nature. The main directions of application of biological knowledge.

Laboratory works.

№ 1 "Acquaintance with the manifold of the Organic World".

Cell and fabric organisms (8 hours).

Cell - the main structural unit of the body. The structure of the plant cell, its organoids. The structure and role of organoids. Features of cells of mushrooms, bacteria and animals. The concept of tissues and their origin and development. A variety of plants and animal tissues, their features and importance for the body. Vital activity of cells. Growth, development and division of cells. Methods of cell division. Breathing and power cells. Metabolism.

Laboratory works:

No. 2 Consider the cells of bacteria, rodes of bow, elephant, cells of the mucous membrane of a person.
№ 3 Considering the mushroom cell of the Mushroom.
№ 4 Acquaintance with the fabrics of vegetable organism
№ 5 Acquaintance with the fabrics of an animal body
№ 6 Mitz cells flaming
No. 7 Plasmolysis and Defosmolysis of Luke Skin Cells

Kingdom of Wildlife (3 hours)

The concept of systematics of plants and animals. The main kingdoms of the organic world and their features. General characteristics of bacteria, mushrooms, plants and animals and features of their structure

Methods for the nutrition of organisms (4 hours).

Metabolic metabolism and energy. Plastic and energy metabolism. Basic ways of nutritional organisms. Auto-flow food. The structure of cells of sheet and chloroplasts. The mechanism of the photosynthesis process. Light and dark phase of photosynthesis. Chemosynthesis. Heterotrophic nutrition of organisms.

Laboratory works.

No. 8 Consider sheet pulp cells.

Root and its role (2 hours).

The structure of the root and its role. Types of root systems. Root hairs and their role in the process of suction of minerals and water. Osmotic property of root cells. The role of root pressure.

Laboratory works.

No. 8 Studying the external structure of the root from sprouted bean seeds and wheat.

Stem and his role (2 hours).

The role of the stem. The structure of the stem of monocoons and dicotyledonous plants. Ascending and downward current. Vessels and synovoid tubes. Moving nutrients by stalk.

Laboratory works.

№ 9 Cross cut of wood stem.

No. 10 Moving water and mineral substances by stalk.

The structure of the flower and its role (5 hours).

Flower is a generative body. Flower structure. The structure of the main flower bodies. Features of Guinesev. Sigomorphic and actinorphic flowers. Inflorescences, types of inflorescence. Pollination of plants and types of pollination. Double fertilization in plants and fetal development.

Laboratory works.

No. 11 Studying the structure of a flower in models and live instances.

No. 12 types of inflorescences and their features.

Difostern of flowering plants (5 hours).

Features of monocoons and dicotyledonous plants. The main families and their features. Representatives of families.

Laboratory works.

No. 13 Definition of plants on identifying cards.

Evolutionary changes in development vegetable world (3 hours).

Evolutionary process. The main causes of complication of the structure of plants in the process of evolution in the lower and higher plants. The main aromorphoses of algae, moss, ferns, horsages, plane, gym and flowering plants.

Protection of creative works (2 lessons).

Educational and thematic planning (35 hours).

Title theme and lesson	Clock	Laboratory works	Examination, final work
Introduction Lesson number 1. The variety of organic world. The role of living organisms. Cells and fabrics of organisms Lesson # 2. Cell - the main structural unit of the body. The structure of the plant cell. Lesson number 3. Features of the structure of organoids and their role. Lesson number 4. Features of mushroom cells, bacteria and animals. Lesson number 5. Fabrics. Features of plant tissues and their role. Lesson number 6. Features of the tissues of an animal body and their role. Lesson number 7. The main processes of cell life. Methods of cell division. Lesson number 8. Mechanism of metabolism. Lesson number 9. Summarizing lesson. Kingdom of wildlife Lesson number 10. Systematics of plants and animals. Lesson number 11. The main kingdoms of the organic world. Features of bacteria and mushrooms. (seminar) Lesson number 12. Features of plants and animals. (seminar) Methods for nutritional organisms Lesson number 13. Exchange of substances and energy with the environment. Plastic and energy exchange. Lesson number 14. The main ways of nutritional organisms. Avtotrophic Method of Nutrition. Manufacturing sheet cells and chloroplasts. Lesson number 15. The mechanism of the process of photosynthesis and chemosynthesis. Lesson number 16. Heterotrophic power supply Root and its role Lesson number 17. The structure of the root and its role. Lesson number 18. Types of root systems. The mechanism of suction of minerals and water. Stem and his role Lesson number 19. The role of the stem. The structure of the stem of monocyan and dicotyled wood plants. Lesson number 20. Moving nutrients by stalk. Flower structure and its role Lesson number 21. Flower structure. Lesson number 22. Features of Guinesev. Lesson number 23. Inflorescences, types of inflorescence. Lesson number 24. Types of polishes. Lesson number 25. Double fertilization in flowering plants. Diversity of flowering plants Lesson number 26. Features of monocoons and dicotyledonous plants. Lesson number 27. Features of the plants of the family of cereals and lily. Lesson number 28. Features of the plants of the family of rustic, cruciferous, legumes. Lesson number 29. Features of the plants of the family of the family, comprehensible. Lesson number 30. Practical lesson "Definition of plants on identifying cards." Evolutionary changes in the development of plant world Lesson number 31. Evolutionary process. The main causes of complication in the structure of plants. Lesson number 32. The main aromorphoses of algae, psilofitis, moss, planes, horsages, ferns, gym and flowering plants. Lesson number 33. Life cycle of plant development. Protection of creative work	1 hour	l / p № 2. Acquaintance with the manifold of organisms. l / p # 2. Consider cells of bacteria, spine peel, elephant, mucous membrane cells. l / p № 3. Consider the mushroom of the Motherland l / p № 4 Meet the fabrics of vegetable organism l / p № 5 Acquaintance with fabrics of an animal body l / p № 6 mitosis cells root flashes l / R No. 7 Plasmolysis and Defosmolysis of Luke Skin l / p № 8 cells pulp sheet l / p № 9 Cross cut of wood stem l / p №10 Moving minerals and water by stalk l / R No. 11 Studying the structure of the flower in models and live instances l / p №12 types of inflorescences and their features	Test "Cell Organoisides"

Elective course program

"Difficult questions in biology"

Number of hours: 17

Explanatory note

The course of choice is intended for students of grades 9 and is designed for 17 hours. This course will allow students 9 grade students to have a holistic idea of \u200b\u200bbiological science and resolve the issue of choosing an item when profiling learning. The course reflects the complexity and versatility of biology as the science of living: it is based on both classic and modern achievements of biological science. The analysis of the preparation of graduates of general education schools to the final certification of biology shows that, as a rule, it is difficult for them to cause questions on topics that are studied at the steps of basic general education and not extending on the elder step. In particular, these are issues of morphology and plant systematics.

The goal of the course is that students thoroughly learning the educational material.

Objectives: - to deepen and expand the knowledge of students in the sections "Plants", "Animals", "Man and His Health", "Genetics". - promote the involvement of students in deep cognitive activity by biology; - develop cognitive activity and independence in the study of biology. - Implementation of educational needs.

Conducting exercises only the theoretical course, practical works Not planned.

The principle of material selection. Selected material is the basis for learning the "General Biology" course. The course is based on the repetition, consolidation and deepening of the knowledge gained earlier in biology.

Estimated results:

This course may ensure the preparation of grade 9 students for the final certification for the course of the main school.

Students should know:

The structure and function of the cell; The concept of "fabric", the main types of plant fabrics and their functions. Plant organs.

Information about taxonomic units;

Methods of reproduction of plants;

The main stages of the development of the plant world;

Recognize and describe the structure of the simplest. Gipbock, shepherd, flat, round and ringed worms, mollusks, iglinodes, explain the complication of the body of the animals studied compared to previously studied. Know the features of the structure of arthropods, allocate the features of the structure of the studied animals in different habitats, to recognize and describe animal-like chord. Define belonging to type, class and recognize the most common class representatives.

know the value of the musculoskeletal system, explain the process of regulating the activity of the musculoskeletal system; characterize the types of bone compounds,

finding on drawings, tables, ducks and show the main types of bone compounds to know about the rules of first aid when tensile tensions, dislocations of the joints, bone fractures. To be able to call blood circulation organs, vessels, heart departments, disclose the essence of the concepts of circulation circles, pulse, blood pressure, know the main types of bleeding and first aid rules for them, be able to count the pulse. Know the essence of the process of breathing, the structure of the respiratory system, to recognize and describe: on tables, the main organs and systems of human organs; characterize the processes of digestion, explain the role of glands and enzymes in the processes of digestion, : Know function and structure of the skin, features of the structure of the excretory system, the structure and functions of the neuron, the reflex arc, the dorsal and brain, the human senses, find in the drawings, tables, explain The value of analyzers. know concepts; humoral regulation; Endocrine systems.

Students should know the basic terms of cytology, genetics, establish the relationship between plastic and energy exchange; Light and dark phases of photosynthesis, be able to apply knowledge about heredity and variability.

The learners will use the ability to apply knowledge in practice in future work.

The program is focused on trained students. The program is designed for one semi-annual (17 hours)

Themed Plan

	Topic Title	Number of hours			the date of the
		Theory		planned			actual
	Section 1.I. Botany. Subject: Plant fabrics. Plant organs.
	Topic: Basic Plant Departments
	Topic: Signs of bipathic and monocotyledonic plants. Systematics of coated brine
	Subject: Plant breeding methods. The reproduction of higher and lower plants.
	Section 2. Zoology. Topic: simplest
	Subject: Invertebrates
	Subject: chordovye
	Topic: Evolution of the structure and functions of organs and their systems.
	Section 3.Andomatomy. Topic: body structure. Musculoskeletal system. Cover organs.
	Topic: blood and lymphatic system of the body. Endocrine system.
	Subject: respiratory system. Digestive system. Selective system
	Topic: Nervous human system. Analyzers
	Section 4. General Biology. Subject: Cellular level.
	Topic: Organize level.
	Topic: metabolism in the cell - metabolism
	Topic: Basic concepts of genetics. Solving tasks.
	Total: 17h.

I. Plants (5 hours).

Topic 1: Plant fabrics. Plant organs.

The concept of "fabric", the main types of plant fabrics and their functions. Plant organs. Root. Features of the anatomical structure associated with the function. The structure of the root and its role in the absorption of water and minerals. The structure of root systems. Changing radiation, their biological and economic importance. The escape. Rogue cones of rise - leaves, kidneys. The features of the structure of the sheet associated with the implementation of the process of photosynthesis. Different types of stems. Ustian, lentils, their role in gas exchange. Reproductive organs of the plant. Flower, its structure and value in the formation of seeds and fruits. Methods of pollination. Classification of inflorescence. Types of fruits and various ways of distribution

Demonstration: Tables, Herbarium. Escape and kidneys, various ways of spreading fruits and seeds. Live flowers of indoor plants: a model of a cherry flower, cabbage: table "Flower buildings", "Simple and complex inflorescences",

Topic 2: The main departments of plants.

Algae - lower plants. The morphological features of the plane of the horsetails of ferns and gifted plants. Gamoted plants. Covered plants. The complication of the vegetative organs of higher disputes. Comparative characteristics with seed plants. Demonstration: Tables "Unicellular and multicellular algae". Herbarian copies, morphological features of plants of the horsetails of ferns and gifted plants

Topic 3: Signs of bipathic and monocotyledonic plants. Systematics of coated brine

Main systematic categories: View, Rod, Family, Class, Department, Kingdom. Classification of flowering plants. Class Dichildren Plants Morphological characteristics. Singlean plants Class Morphological characteristics. Demonstration Living and herbaric plants.

Topic 4:Methods of reproduction of plants. The reproduction of higher and lower plants.

Casual reproduction of plants of different life forms. The value of reproduction. Reproduction of disputes. Sexual reproduction. Vegetative reproduction of plants, its meaning. Methods of vegetative reproduction of plants in nature. Demonstration: live and gear copies of plants that breed a vegetative way; Tables "Vegetative reproduction".

Section 2. Zoology. (4 h)

Topic 1: Simplest

Simplest as an organism. Appearance, internal structure. Vital activity of the simplest, movement, nutrition, breathing, selection, reproduction, incidence. Demonstration: Tables, Pictures on unicellular.

Topic 2: Invertebrates.

Two-layer, multicellular animals - intestinal.

Topic 3: Chordovy.

Type of chords: cartilage, bone fish. External and internal structure of fish. Amphibian. The external and internal structure of amphibians. Returning - external and internal structure. Birds. Biological features. Mammal class. The most important representatives of mammalian detachments. Building, food, breathing, blood circulation, selection, reproduction.

Demonstration: tables and drawings on the structure of fish development, wet drug - "Frog". External and internal structure »Tables and drawings with an image of amphibians, tables with a reptile image, tables depicting birds. Demonstration: tables and drawings with the image of mammals.

Topic 4: Evolution of the structure and functions of organs and their systems.

Evolution of the structure. The relationship of the structure and functions of organs and their systems in animal cover of the body. Musculoskeletal system and movement methods. Body cavity. Respiratory, digestion, discharge, blood circulation. Blood. Metabolism and energy. Reproduction bodies, renewal. Sensivities, nervous system, instinct, reflex. Regulation of the body's activities. Methods of breeding. Fertilization. Development with transformation and without transformation. Periodization and lifespan. Demonstration: tables and drawings on the topic.

Section 3. Anatomy. (4 h)

Topic 1: The structure of the body. Musculoskeletal system. Cover organs.

Organization levels. Body structure. Organs and system systems. Fabrics. Fabric formation. Epithelial, connecting, muscular, nervous fabric. Skeleton and muscles, their functions. Types of bone compounds: fixed, semi-moving, movable (joints). The structure of muscles and tendons. Outdoor coupling human body. The structure and function of the skin. Nails and hair. The role of the skin in metabolic processes, leather receptors, participation in heat regulation.

Topic 2: Blood and lymphatic system of the body. Endocrine system.

Blood and lymphatic system organs, their role in the body. The structure of blood and lymphatic vessels. Circle circles. Structure and work of the heart. Heart automatism. Blood movement by vessels. Regulation of blood supply to organs. Blood pressure, pulse. Endocrine system. Hormones pituitary and thyroid gland, their effect on growth and development, metabolism. Hormones of sex glands, adrenal glands and pancreas. Reasons for the interaction of nervous and humoral regulation. Intermediate brains and diabetes organs. Glands of external, internal and mixed secretion. Properties of hormones.

Topic 3: respiratory system. Digestive system. Selective system.

The structure and functions of respiratory organs. Voices. Gas exchange in lungs and tissues. Mechanisms inhale and exhalation. Nervous and humoral respiratory regulation. Food and nutrients, their role in metabolism. Value of digestion. The structure and functions of the digestive system: digestive channel, digestive glands. Digestion in various departments of the digestive tract. Regulation of the activity of the digestive system. The value of the allocation organs in maintaining homeostasis the inner environment of the body. The organs of the urinary system, their structure and function. The structure and work of the kidneys. Nephron. Primary and urine

Topic 4: Nervous system of man. Analyzers.

Neuron is a structural and functional unit of the nervous system. Reflex - the basis of nervous regulation. Conditional and unconditional reflexes. Nervous system recognition. Brain and psyche. The structure of the nervous system: the spinal and brain - the central nervous system; Nerves and nerve nodes are peripheral. The structure and function of the spinal cord. Brain structure. Functions of the oblong, medium brain, bridge and cerebellum. Front brain. The functions of the intermediate brain and the bark of large hemispheres. Old and new bark of large hemispheres of the brain. Analyzers and senses. Spectatical analyzer. The position and structure of the eyes. The course of rays through a transparent eye environment. The structure and functions of the retina. Prevention of myopia and hyperopia. Hearing analyzer. Hearing value. The structure and functions of the outdoor, middle and inner ear. Recipers of hearing. Cork part of the auditory analyzer. Equilibrium, skin and muscle sensitivity, smell and taste. Their analyzers. The interaction of analyzers.

Section 4. General Biology. (4 h)

Topic 1: Cellular level.

Cell. Cell structure. Functions of organoids. Procarniot, eukaryotes. AutoTrophy, heterotrophs. Benters of substances and the conversion of energy - the basis of the vital activity of the cell. Energy capabilities cells. Aerobic and anaerobic breathing. Cell division - reproduction basis.

Topic 2:Organizable level.

Unicellular and multicellular organisms. Miscellaneous and sexual reproduction of organisms. Sex cells. Fertilization. Individual development of organisms. Basic laws of transmission hereditary information

Topic 3: The metabolism is metabolism.

Metabolism and energy in the cell. Energy exchange in a cell. Auto-flow food. Photosynthesis. Synthesis proteins in a cage.

Topic 4: The basic concepts of genetics.

Heredity and variability - the properties of organisms. Genetics - science on the patterns of heredity and variability. Hereditary and non-aulty variability. Genetic continuity of life. Laws of variability .

Lesson 12.

Topic: Nervous human system. Analyzers.

Purpose: Remember the structure and value of the nervous system and sense organs.

1. Outlook nervoussystems: the spinal and brain - the central nervous system; Nerves and nerve nodes are peripheral. The structure and function of the spinal cord. Brain structure. Functions of the oblong, medium brain, bridge and cerebellum. Front brain. The functions of the intermediate brain and the bark of large hemispheres. Old and new bark of large hemispheres of the brain. Shares of large hemispheres and sensory bark zones. Somatic and autonomous departments of the nervous system. Sympathetic and parasympathetic subwage autonomic nervous system. Their interaction.

2. Analyzers and sense organs. The value of analyzers. Spectatical analyzer. The position and structure of the eyes. The course of rays through a transparent eye environment. The structure and functions of the retina. Binocular vision. Hygiene view. Prevention of myopia and hyperopia.

Hearing analyzer. Hearing value. The structure and functions of the outdoor, middle and inner ear. Recipers of hearing. Cork part of the auditory analyzer. Human hygiene.

Equilibrium, skin and muscle sensitivity, smell and taste. Their analyzers. The interaction of analyzers.

Practical part: Detection of memory

Lesson 16.

Subject: Basics of genetics . Solving problems for monohybrid crossing purpose: Repeat a summary of knowledge on the topic of genetics. Repeat the definition of the main term, remember the laws of genetics repetition a summary of knowledge on the topic of monohybrid crossing.

The main terms and concepts in genetics (work with commented responses) :

Laws of Mendel. Genetics - Science leaning legitimacy the variability and variability of living organisms, as well as mechanisms for managing these processes. The main terms and concepts of genetics

	Definition
Heredity	The ability of organisms to transmit their signs and features of the development of offspring
Variability	Property of the body acquire new signs in the process of individual development
	The DNA molecule site containing information about the structure of one protein. Genes are in chromosomes where they are located, forming a "clutch group"
Allel genes	Paired genes located in the same docks of homologous chromosomes and responsible for the manifestation of the same feature (for example, hair colors, eyes, ear shape)
Alternative features	Opposite qualities of the same sign
Dominant sign	Dominant, predominant - capital letters Latin alphabet: A, B, withetc.
Recessive sign	The suppressed feature is denoted by the corresponding lowercase letter of the Latin alphabet: a, b. frometc.
Gomozigot	Cage (individual) having the same alleles of one gene in homologous chromosomes (AA or AA)
Heterozygous	Cage (individual) having different alleles of one gene in homologous chromosomes (AA), i.e. carrying alternative features
	The combination of all hereditary signs (genes) of the body received from parents
	A combination of internal and external signs that manifest themselves in the body when interacting with the medium in the process of individual development
Clean line	Genotypically homogeneous offspring, obtained initially from one self-polling or self-evalking individual with the help of selection and further self-pollution (self-exploitation)

Generally accepted in genetics designation:

The laws of inheritance were first established by G. Mendel as a result of many years of experience with various varieties of peas using a hybridological method.

The hybridological method is the crossing of various according to their signs of organisms in order to study the nature of the inheritance of these signs in the offspring.

Crossing individuals differing in one pair of signs is called mono-librid crossing. Two homozygous individuals with alternative features are selected for crossing. 2. The first law of Mendel - the law of uniformity of the first generation of hybrids. 3. Second Law of Mendel Skipping Law 4.Practical part: Solving Tasks

Non-state educational institution

Orthodox gymnasium im.plp. Amvrosyoptinsky

Lipetsk Diocese of the Russian Orthodox Church

(Moscow Patriarchate)

Elective course

by biology

for grade 10

Teacher: Nekrasova Valentina Sergeevna

Classes	NUMBER OF HOURS
	IN WEEK	IN YEAR

Number of school weeks - 35

Explanatory note

The concept of the course program is that its development is associated with the development of a specialized training system (profile training) in high school and aims to implement a personality-oriented process, in which the interests, inclinations and the ability of high school students are maximally taken into account. The main emphasis of the course is not raised on the priority of the content, but on the priority of the development of students' methods, not damage to the content itself, i.e. Development of subject and interdisciplinary competencies, which is reflected in instrumentation eME Materials. The course is closely related to the lessons of general biology and complies with the requirements of the State Standard.

The relevance of the ability to solve the problems of biology increases in connection with the introduction of the EGE on biology, as well as the fact that it is necessary to apply knowledge in practice. The course is closely related to the lessons of general biology and complies with the requirements of the State Standard.

The solution of the problems of biology makes it possible to better know the fundamental obsochemical concepts reflecting the structure and functioning of biological systems at all levels of living in life.

Solving problems in biology allows you to deepen and consolidate knowledge on the sections of general biology. Huge importance in continuous education acquire questions independent work Pupils, the ability to think on their own and find a solution. Conditions are created for individual and group forms of students. Such a combination of two forms of self-work organization in lessons activates weak students and makes it possible to differentiate assistance, contributes to the upbringing of mutual assistance and collectivism. Creates also conditions for learning students of self-control and self-esteem. It forms a creative attitude to work important for a person of any profession and is an important condition for successful, qualitative fulfillment of their duties.

Features of the course programit is the close connection of its content with the lessons of general biology and compliance with the requirements of the State Standard. Selection of materials for classes is carried out on the basis of competence-oriented tasks aimed at developing three levels of training: reproductive, applied and creative.

Suggested RCC Course Chitan 35 hours (1 hour per week, 2 hours reserve), it supports and deepens basic knowledge of biology and is aimed at the formation and development of basic curriculum during the solution of biological problems.

The purpose of the course is:

Promote the formation of strong knowledge of general biology, skills and skills to solve problems for passing the exam.

To summarize, systematize, expand and deepen the knowledge of students to form / actualize the skills for solving biological problems of various types.

To give a student the opportunity to realize its intellectual and creative abilities, knowledge and skills in other areas of activity when performing project work.

Give a student the opportunity to assess your inconsistencies and interests in this area of \u200b\u200bknowledge

1. Form the knowledge system on the main theoretical laws of biology.

2. Sign the ability to solve biological objectives of reproductive, applied and creative nature

3. Wear key competencies: educational, informative, informational, communicative, social.

4. Wear biological intuition, develop a specific technique to quickly cope with the proposed examination tasks.

Thanks to the elective biology course, several functions are performed:

1. The study of biology is maintained at a given standard level. The course "Decision of biological objectives" helps consolidate and deepen the level of knowledge of biology, apply these knowledge by solving biological problems.

2. A personal-oriented approach in learning is carried out. That is, individual inclinations and abilities of students are taken into account and the conditions for learning them in accordance with professional interests are created.

Planned result

As a result of the course of the course program, students should:

Use common techniques for working with test tasks of varying complexity, navigate the software material, to be able to clearly formulate your thoughts

Be able to properly distribute time when performing test works.

To summarize and apply knowledge about the cell-organism level of organization of life.

To summarize and apply knowledge about the variety of organisms.

Compare the characteristics of the structure and functioning of organisms of different kingdoms.

Compare biological objects, processes, phenomena manifested at all levels of life organization.

Set the sequence of biological objects, processes, phenomena.

Apply biological knowledge in practical situations (practical oriented task).

Work with text or pattern.

To summarize and apply knowledge in the new situation.

Solve the tasks of the basic level cytology and an increased knowledge in the new situation.

Solve problems on the genetics of the basic level and an increased knowledge in the new situation.

To solve problems molecular biology Basic level and increased knowledge in the new situation.

Structure of the program

The course relies on the knowledge obtained when studying the course of biology of 10 class. The content of the program includes 3 main sections: solving problems of molecular biology, solving problems of cytology, solving problems of genetics, these sections are divided into themes, and each elective course theme is a continuation of the biology course. The main type of occupation is a workshop. For the most successful assimction of the material, various forms of work with students are planned: a variety of work forms with text, tests, the performance of creative tasks. For current control, a series of tasks is recommended at each study, part of which is performed in the classroom, and the part is home independently. For intermediate control- 3 test papers In the form of the USE, and the final control of the course at the rate « Solving biological problems during preparation for the USE "and project activities. The course implements a competence, activity and individual approach to learning. The activity approach is implemented in the process of conducting independent and practical work with students, constitutes the basis of the course. The activities of the teacher comes down mainly to counseling students, analysis and analysis of the most problematic issues and topics. Individualization of learning is achieved through use in the learning process pedagogical technology Personal-oriented education "ISUD"(Individual study style), (see Annex 1). Technology ISUA allows you to create a learning and developing environment that contributes to the most complete disclosure of high school students, provides them with conditions for the formation of interest in the teachings, maximum creative independence, activity.

In the preparation and conduct of lessons of this course Used technology of health-saving training and upbringing: Creation of psychological comfort, sanitary and hygienic conditions, motor activity and other criteria that affect the success in learning.

The form of reporting to study this course may be:

• Drawing up biological problems, intellect-cards, crosswords, creation of presentations, by the elective course;
• Standing in solving basic level problems and increased;
• Test work on solving problems based on the materials of the Unified State Exam for Biology 2017;
• Protection of project work.

In the process of mastering the program, students will be able to check the level of their knowledge on various sections of the school course of biology, as well as the necessary stage of preparation for the Unified State Exam.

Biology as science. Methods of scientific knowledgecontrols material about biology achievements, research methods, rude levels of the organization of wildlife.

Cage as a biological systemcontains tasks inspecting: knowledge of the structure, livelihoods and variety of cells; The ability to establish the relationship of the structure of organisms, the processes flowing into them.

Organism as a biological systemhe controls the learning of knowledge about the patterns of heredity and variability, on ontogenesis and reproduction of organisms, on the selection of organisms and biotechnology, and also identifies the level of mastering the skills to apply biological knowledge when solving problems in genetics.

System and variety of organic worldchecked: knowledge of the manifold, structure, vital activity of reproduction of organisms of various kingdoms of wildlife and viruses; skills to compare the organisms, characterize and determine their profits to a specific systematic taxa.

Human organism and his healthit is aimed at determining the level of development of a knowledge system about the structure and vital activity of the human body.

Evolution of wildlifeincluded tasks aimed at control: knowledge of the form, driving forces, directions

and the results of the evolution of the organic world; The ability to explain the main aromorphoses in the evolution of the plant and animal world, to establish the relationship of the driving forces and results of evolution.

Ecosystems and inherent patternscontains tasks aimed at checking: Environmental Knowledge

patterns, about the cycle of substances in the biosphere; The abilities to establish the relationship between organisms in ecosystems, identify the reasons for stability, self-development and shift ecosystems.

Reserve time - 2 hours

Requirements for skills and skills

Students should know:

The basic concepts of molecular biology, cytology and genetics;

• Algorithms for solving problems not included in the mandatory minimum of education (basic and increased level of complexity);
• Registration of tasks in the Unified State Biology Exam;

Students should be able to:

• Solve non-standard biological tasks using various solution algorithms;
• Solve settlement biological tasks with the use of knowledge in chemistry and mathematics;
• Establish causal relationships, make generalizations, replenish and systematize the knowledge gained;
• Apply knowledge in new and modified situations;
• Solve the biological tasks of different levels of complexity that meet the requirements of universities of natural scientific profile;
• Use various benefits, reference books, Internet sources.

INFORMATION SUPPORT

Methodical manuals and additional literature

Literature for students .

P.M. Borodin, L.V. Vysotskaya, G.M. Dymshitz and others. Biology (general biology), textbook for 10 - 11 classes of general education institutions; profile level; 1 part. - m.; Education. - 2006.

G.M. Dymshitz, O.V. Sablin, L.V. Vysotskaya, P.M. Borodin. General biology: student practices 10 - 11 CL. general education institutions; Profile level

Yarygin V.N.Biology for entering universities. M. "Higher School" 1998. 475С.

ABOUT. Gigani. General biology, 9 - 11. Tables, schemes. - m.; - Vlados, - 2007

Kamensky, A.E. Kriscunov, V.V. Beekeeper. - M.: Drop, 2005. - 367 p.

Zherebtsova E.L. Biology in schemes and tables: manual for schoolchildren and applicants - St. Petersburg: Trigon, 2005. - 128 p. M: Drop, 2005. - 240 p.

Lemeza N.A., Kamluk L.V., L. L. L. Biology in matters and answers. - M.: Rolf. 1999. - 496c.

Bogdanova T.L., Solodova E.A. Biology. Reference manual for high school students and entering universities. - M.: AST-PRESS School, 2002. - 816c.

Kireeva N.M. Biology for applicants to universities. Methods for solving problems in genetics. - Volgograd: Teacher, 2003. - 50c.

Petrosova R.A. Basics of genetics. School course topics. - M.: Drop, 2004. - 96c.

Multimedia. - Course support "General Biology"

Open biology (version 2.6). Physicon, 2006.

"Cyril and Methodius. 10 cl. General Biology »

"Cyril and Methodius. 11 cl. General Biology »

Basics of general biology, grade 9 ("1C: Education", 2007)

Biology, Grade 10 ("1C: Education", 2008)

Other Eor at the discretion of the teacher

Internet resources

http: // www .km .ru / education - Educational materials and dictionaries on the site "Kirill and Methodius"

http://school-collection.edu.ru/catalog/search - a single collection of digital educational resources

https://bio-ege.sdamgia.ru/

http://window.edu.ru/Window/ - a single window of access to educational resources Internet on biology.

http://www.5ballov.ru/test - Test for applicants throughout school Courses biology.

http://chashniki1.narod.ru/uchutil45.htm - reference catalog educational resources Internet according to the section "Biology".

Other Internet resources at the discretion of the teacher and students

Resources distance learning

http://www.informika.ru/- training programs on biology and chemistry.

http://testipobiologii.ucoz.ru/ - Tests on biology from the biology teacher Muromtseva Yulia Vladimirovna (author's personal site)

http://www.ballov.net/login.php - Tests on the page electronic diary ballov.net(author's resources)

Equipment

Multimedia projector

Computer office equipment

Internet resource

Didactic Biology Cabinet Resources

School Library Resource

EOR of different character (see above)

Educational and thematic plan

№p / P.	Subject	Clock	Kind of activity	date
SECTION 1 . Variety of organisms ( the tasks of the ege Biology: 1, 2, 7, 9-11, 19, 22 - 24, 26, 27)
	Properties of living systems. Live substance, its properties. Levels of life organization. Methods of biology		Diagnostics of the level of accounting success of the student	september
	Development and evolution of living matter. Ontogenesis and phylogenesis. Laws and theory of biology			september
	Classification of biosystems. Systematic categories and taxa		Testing	september
	Bacteria, simplest, mushrooms, and lichens			september
	Mature and classification of plants and animals

	Covered plants. Plant fabrics. The structure and purpose of plant organs.
	The variety of plants. Dispute departments: mosses, ferns, horsetails and planes. Life cycles of disputes		Workshop on solving problems
	Seed plants. Life cycles of seed plants. Vote
	Departments of coated bridges. Fertilization in flower plants. Family Plant Family
	Evolution of vegetation. Directions of evolution. The interaction of plants and animals with factors ambient. Strategies for survival of organisms
	Distinctive features of animals. Multicellular animals
	Types of invertebrates: Intestinal, types of flat, round and ringed worms, mollusks
	Classes like arthropods - crustaceans, spider-shaped, insects. Methods for the development of invertebrates on examples of insect detachments
	Classification of vertebrates. Chordan animals. Characteristics of the class of amniot and anama
	Directions of evolution and adaptation of animals to habitat. Biotic attitudes of animals. Animal value in ecosystems		Workshop on solving problems
Section 2. Systemic organization of life from the cell to the biosphere (the tasks of the ege on biology: 1, 3-8, 19, 22-24, 27, 28)
	Building and functioning of biosystems: cell		Workshop on solving problems
	Vital activity of cells: metabolism. Fermentation, its meaning. Heterotrophs. Environmental groups of heterotrophs		Workshop on solving problems
	Cell metabolism, organisms. Photosynthesis - carbohydrate biosynthesis. Phases photosynthesis
	Distribution of biomass and liveliness functions on Earth		Workshop on solving problems
	Life activity biosystems. Reproduction. Matrix biosynthesis reactions - DNA reduction. Plastic exchange - protein biosynthesis. Solving tasks
	Reproduction of cells. DNA. Mitosis, Meiosis - cell division mechanisms. Phases mitosis and meiosis. Solving tasks		Workshop on solving problems
	Reproduction of organisms. Sexual and most powerful reproduction. Gametogenesis of animals and man. Animal development cycles		Workshop on solving problems
3. Section. Evolution and Ecology (tasks of the EGE on biology: 1, 11, 15, 16, 19, 22, 24,26)
	Ecology biosystems. Ecological factors. Biocenoses and ecosystems. A variety of ecosystems (biogeocenoses)		Workshop on solving problems
	Self-development and changing ecosystems. Stability and dynamics of ecosystems. Biological diversity
	Conditions of sustainable ecosystem development. Causes of stability and shift ecosystems. Changes in ecosystems under the influence of human activity
4. Section. Anatomy and human physiology. (Tasks of the EE Biology: 1, 11, 12-14, 18, 20-26)
	The structure and functioning of the human body. The main types of human tissues. Musculoskeletal system. Skeleton. Muscles		Workshop on solving problems
	Blood, shaped elements. Immunity. Clotting. Heart, regulation of its activities. Lymphatic system
	Respiratory system		Workshop on solving problems
	The digestive system, structure and function of organs. Nutrients and their assimilation
	Selective system. Kidney: their structure and regulation of activity. Pokrovaya system. Temoregulation		Workshop on solving problems
	The structure of the nervous system. Reflex, reflex arc spinal cord and brain.
	High physiology nervous activity. Vegetative nervous system. Sensivities (vision, rumor, feeling equilibrium, taste, smell, etc.)		Workshop on solving problems
	Endocrine glands. Sex glands. Embryonic and post-brand development.		Workshop on solving problems

MBOU Klimovskaya Secondary School №1

WORKING PROGRAMM

Electively course

By biology

« Mollar biology »

for grade 9

for 2017/2018 academic year

Teacher: Melnikova Irina Viktorovna

Considered	Coordinated
at the meeting of SHMU	Deputy. Director for OIR
protocol No. 1 OT
Head Shmu
MP Shaudukov

Planned Email Development Results

As a result of the study of the elective course in grade 9, the student must:

call

general signs of living organisms;

signs of the kingdoms of wildlife, departmentsshades, classes and family of flowering plants;facilities, types and classes of animals;

the causes and results of evolution;

characterize

building, functions of bacteria cells, mushrooms,plants and animals;

cell division cell theory in obwinning the unity of the organic world;

building and vital activity of bacterial, mushroom, vegetable, animalmov; human body; Lichen as compa lexic organism;

metabolism and energy conversion;

the role of enzymes and vitamins in the body;

breathing, movement of substances, selectionend products of life in liveorganism;

immunity, its meaning in a person's life,aIDS prevention;

reproduction, growth and development of bacteria, grbov, plants and animals, spread specieshuman development and development;

viruses like non-cellular forms of life;

justify

the relationship of the structure and functions of organs and systemsthat organs, the body and environment;

kinship of mammal animals and humanka human races;

features of a person due towalking, employment;

the role of neurohumoral regulation of processesvital activity in the human body; Specialhigher nervous human nervous activity;

the influence of environmental and social factsmoat, mental and physical labor, physical educationand sports on human health; bad influencealcohol, drugs, smoking on the body of mancentury and his offspring;

prevention measures for the appearance of bad habits (smoking, alcoholism, drug addiction),posture, flatfoot;

the impact of human activity on diversitytowing plant and animal species, on Wednesday their uphalythe consequences of this activity;

the role of biological diversity, regulationthe number of species, the protection of natural messagessubstations in preservation of equilibrium in the biosphere;

compare

the structure and functions of plants and animal cells;

procarniot and eukarot organisms, autotrophs andheterotrophs;

to apply knowledge

on the structure and life of plants andanimals to substantiate the techniques of their growingconservation measures;

about the structure and life of the bodylovek to justify a healthy lifestyle,compliance with hygienic standards, preventioninjuries, diseases;

on the structure and life of bacteria,mushrooms, about viruses to justify the receptions of the storedfood, prevention of poisonand diseases;

about species, populations, natural communitiesto justify the measures of their protection;

about the driving forces of evolution for explanationits results: fitness of organisms andvarieties of species;

draw out

on the cellular structure of organisms of all kingdoms;

about the relationship and unity of the organic world;

on the complication of vegetable and animal mira in the process of evolution, about the origin of manka from animals;

This course allows you to introduce students with new ideas and methods, to expand the ideas about the material studied and, most importantly, to consider important theoretical issues on biology.

Students must know their strength and abilities, with the greatest return to implement their initiative, multiply their knowledge and skills is what is necessary to modern man.

The program includes scientific knowledge and most valuable experience practical activities man.

Modern biology cannot be considered in the separation from the social background on which it develops. That is why, recently, the cultural component of the content of education is coming out to the fore, in accordance with which, in the separation of knowledge, the knowledge should proceed from their knowledge in the formation of the total culture of the student.

The degree of generalization of knowledge included in the program corresponds to the objectives of the training and development of schoolchildren's thinking.

The program makes it possible to conduct heuristic samples, which is ensured by its content and use in teaching active learning methods.

The material of the program is distributed over time, taking into account its sufficiency for high-quality learning knowledge and obtain planned results; Use the most effective methods learning.

Course objectives:

Support students to biology.

Determine the readiness of students to explore knowledge at an elevated level.

Create conditions for preparation for biology exams.

This course solves the problem:

Deepen knowledge about the features of the structure, values, functions of bacteria cells, mushrooms, plants and animals, about non-tinky forms of life; On the interaction of genes and molecular genetics.

To form the need to acquire new knowledge and ways to receive them by self-education

Formation of cooperation skills in the process collaboration, respectful relationship to the opinion of the opponent in the process of discussion.

№p / P.	date		Lab. slave	Clock
		Cellular structure of organisms- the basis of the unity of the organic world
		Cell of plants and animals	Consideration of plants and animal cells under a microscope
		Bacterium shape bacterium, structure, the value of bacteria. Measures to combat pathogenic bacteria
		Cell mushrooms. The similarity of the plant, animal and mushroom cell	Demonstration of yeast and penicill cells.
		Plant and Animal Fabrics
		Organs and systems of animal organs (external structure)
		Organs and systems of animal organs (internal structure)
		Evolution and classification of the animal world
		Human organs and system systems
		CNS. Building and function
		Peripheral and vegetative human nervous system
		Proper nutrition and healthy image Life of man
		Solving Tasks for energy consumption
		Solving Tasks for Genetics
		Final control in the form of OGE

Thematic planning of an elective course on biology grade 9

Literature

Glyaev G.V. "Task on genetics" (M. "Kolos", 1980)

Zhdanov N.V. "The solution of tasks in studying the topic:" Genetics of populations "(Kirov, ped. INST., 1995)

Methodical development For accounting of the Biological Biological Department of the CHFMZH at Moscow State University "Laws of Mendel" (Moscow, 1981)

Murtazin G. M. "Tasks and exercises on general biology (Moscow, 1981)

Collection of biology tasks (educational and methodical manual for entering honey. INST.) Kirov, 1998

1 Cellular structure of organisms- The basis of the unity of the organic world

2 cells of plants and animals. Building, similarity and difference.

3 bacteria -parotes. Forms, structure and value of bacteria. Hygiene rules.

4 cell mushrooms. The structure and functions of organoid cells. The similarity of the plant, animal and the cells of mushrooms.

5 fabrics of plants and animals (groups of tissues and their functions)

6 organs and systems of animal organs (external structure).

Body cover, sense organs.

7 organs and systems of animal organs (internal structure)

8 Evolution and classification of the animal world. Paleontological I.

Prevention of viral diseases in humans.

15 Solving Tasks for Energy Costs

16 Solving Tasks for Genetics

17 Total control in the form of OGE. The solution of kimov on the biology of OGE.

Explanatory note

Course goal

Tasks of the course

View the contents of the document
"Working program of an elective course on biology" living organism ""

Work program teacher

Kozlova Tatyana Ilinichny

Elective course

"Living organism"

Considered at the meeting

pedagogical Council

protocol number ____

from "__" _______ 20 _

2014 - 2015 academic year

Explanatory note

The program of this elective course is based on the author's "living organism" program, developed by the authors I.B. Agafofov and V.I. Syivlasov and intended for students of grade 11 general education school. Sanitary and Epidemiological Conclusion No. 77.99.03.953.D.004992.08.05 of August 16, 2005 Publisher Drop 2006.

This elective course is aimed at expanding and systematizing knowledge of students about the living organism as an open biological system, as well as to implement comprehensive approach When studying living organisms at different levels of their organization (cellular, tissue, system-organ).

The formation of ideas about the integrity of living organisms, the peculiarities of their organization and functioning are based on the knowledge gained by students when studying biology in 6-9 grades

The relevance of the study of this course is that the biology of the living organism is considered in 6-9 grade, when students are not familiar with the general laws, the foundations of genetics, cytology, histology, evolution, ecology.

This course is designed for students already have an idea of \u200b\u200ba living organism, the specifics of representatives of the main systematic groups. In addition, the knowledge of a number of related disciplines is obligatory: physical geography, ecology.

The course allows an in-depth study of the evolution of animal organs, the emergence of systematic groups, i.e. Studying zoology at the older learning step.

The elective course "Living Organism" not only expands and systematizes knowledge of students, but also considers basic wholebiological concepts and patterns on the example of the development of living organisms.

Teaching the elective course involves the use of various modern pedagogical methods and techniques: a lecture-seminarian system of classes, conferences, discussions, disputes, etc. The use of a variety of forms of educational and cognitive activity allows you to implement individual and differentiated approach To learning.

A variety of laboratory and practical work involves the variability of the choice of concrete works and forms of their conduct, taking into account the material support of the Cabinet and the time reserve.

The study of the material of this course contributes to the targeted training of schoolchildren to a single state examination and further admission to higher educational institutions of the biological and medical profile.

Elective course is designed for 34 hours (1 hour per week)

Course goal

Formation of student scientific ideas about living organisms as open biological systems with possessing common principles Organizations and livelihoods.

Tasks of the course

1. Harves and expand knowledge about cellular, fabric and system-organ levels of the organization of live matter.

2. Form the understanding of the main processes of the vital activity of plant and animal organisms.

3. Develop the ability to analyze, compare, summarize. Make logical conclusions and establish causal relationships based on the study of the structure and livelihoods of organisms.

Introduction (1.h)

Live organism as an open biological system.

Section 1. Cell( 2 C.)

Chemical composition of the cell. Cage as a structural and functional unit of all alive. Procarniotic and eukaryotic cells. Building, similarity and differences. Variety of cells. Cells of plants, mushrooms and animals. Similarities and differences. Non-fine forms of life.

Demonstration schemes and tables:

variety of cells;

the structure of the eukaryotic cell;

the structure of the animal cell;

the structure of the plant cell;

the structure of the prokaryotic cell.

Section 2. Fabrics (5h)

Fabric as a totality of cells and intercellular substances having a similar structure and perform a general function.

Vegetable fabrics

The variety of plants is the result of a long evolution, accompanied by the transition to the ground conditions of existence. Differentiation of cells, formation of tissues.

Fabrics are simple and complex (complex).

Classification of tissues on the main function performed. Building and location.

Educational fabrics (meristems).Primary and secondary; Top, side, insert and wounded.

Cover fabrics.Primary and secondary. Epidermis, EpiBleme, Cork, Cork.

Major fabrics (parenchyma).Assymigative, sparkling, aquifer, air.

Mechanical (reference) fabrics.College, sclerenhim, scleisheides.

Conductive fabrics.Primary and secondary; Wood (xylem) and Lub (Floem).

Selective (secretory] fabrics.Fabrics outdoor and internal secretion.

The structure of the main and conductive sheet tissue.

The structure of the skin of the sheet.

Animal fabrics

Unicellular and multicellular animals. Differentiation of cells in a multicellular organism. Fabric formation. Basic groups of animal body fabrics. Generally accepted classification of animals.

Epithelial fabrics.Fabrics - derivatives of ectoderma and enantoderma. The relationship of the structure, location and functions. Various classifications of epithelial tissues: in the form of cells, depending on the number of layers, by the degree of oroging, by properties and location in the body. General properties All varieties of epithelial tissues. Cooking and ferrous epitheliums.

Connecting fabrics.Group of tissues of mesodermal origin. The main functions and features of the structure (developed intercellular substance). The varieties of connective tissues: loose fibrous, dense fibrous (decorated and unformed), bone, cartilage, fabrics with special properties (reticular, pigment, well, blood and lymph).

Muscular fabrics.Group of tissues of mesodermal origin. Main properties - excitability and reduction. Three types of muscle fabrics: smooth muscular fabric, cross-striped skeletal muscle tissue, cross-striped heartfelt muscular fabric.

Nervous fabric.The main tissue of the central and peripheral nervous system. Extermal origin of nervous tissue. Basic properties: excitability and conductivity. Two types of cells forming nervous fabric: neurons and auxiliary neuroglyls cells. Features of the structure nerve cells. Neuron classification: by functions; on physiological manifestations; in form and sizes; By number of processes. Neuroglia: Astershites, Oligodenlroiti. Empendimoites, microhyllic cells.

Demonstrationsamples of epithelial and connective tissue under the microscope.

Section 3. Authorities(8h)

The organ is a separate part of the body having a certain form, structure, location and performing a specific function.

Plant organs

The gradual dismemberment of the body of plants on the organs occurring in the process of the development of the plant world. Vegetative and generative bodies. Similar and homologous organs. General properties of plant organs.

Root.Classification of roots: by origin (main, apparent, side), by location in the substrate. Root systems: rod and urine. The functions of the root and its parts. The morphological structure of the root: transverse and longitudinal sections. Primary and secondary structure of the root. Channel modifications.

The escape -stem with leaves and kidneys located on it. Building, branching, metamorphosis (overhead and underground shoots). Bud(Right escape): Building, location, classification. Stem:building, growth. Functions of the stem. The anatomical structure of the stem: primary and secondary. Sheetsidebar escape. Leaf functions. External structure Sheet: leaf plate, petiole, base, stristers. Variety of leaves. List. Leaf's housing: Mesh, parallel, arc. Cellular structure sheet. Modifying leaves.

Flower.Modified shortened escape. Flower features and structure. Types of flowers. Inflorescences: simple and complex.

Fetus.Origin, functions. Fruits are simple and complex (prefabricated). Fruit classification: by the nature of the octal cell (dry and juicy); By the number of seeds (single-seated and multi-semen ); by the nature of the opening (drop-down and unavailable ).

Seed.Specialized organ arising from seed plants in the process of evolution. The structure of the seed: seed peel, germin, endosperm. Comparison of seeds of one-bedroom and dicotyledonous plants.

Laboratory and practical work

The structure of root hairs and root case.

The structure of the rod and urine root systems.

Microscopic structure of the stem.

The structure of the bulbs, tuber.

The structure of the kidneys, their location on the stem.

Simple and complex leaves.

The structure of seeds of dicotyledan and monocotyledonic plants.

Animal organs

A group of organs related to each other anatomically having overall plan buildings and performing a certain physiological function - physiologistssystem of organs.Organs of organs in an animal body on the example of mammals.

Internal organs: organs of digestive, respiratory, excretory and sexual systems. Breast and abdominal cavity.

Pokrovaya system.Leather and mucous membranes.

Musculoskeletal system.Skeleton and skeletal Mässhu.

Blood (cardiovascular) system.Heart and vessels (arteries, veins, capillaries).

Lymph system.Lymphatic vessels and lymph nodes.

Respiratory system.Airways (nasal cavity, nasopharynk, larynx, trachea, bronchi, bronchioles) and lungs.

Digestive system.Gastrointestinal tract and digestive glands, connected to it with independent streams (liver and pancreas).

Selective system.Kidneys, ureters, bladder, urethra.

Sex system.Male and female glands and genitals.

Nervous system.Central (head and spinal cord) and peripheral nervous system.

Endocrine system.Endocrine glands. Mixed secretion glands (pancreas and sex glands). Glands of external secretion (sweat, salivary, moss).

Demonstration systems of systems Organon or other mammals.

Section 4. The body is as a whole (1h)

The organism of higher plants.The holistic organism of higher plants is a set of closely integrated organs. Life forms of plants: tree, shrubs, shrubs and herbs. Annual, twilight, perennial.

Animal organism.The interaction of all organs and systems is to ensure the integrity of the body. Formation in the process of life functional systems - temporary associations of the central nervous system with organs and system systems aimed at achieving certain results. Homeostasis, its role in maintaining the integrity of the body. Unified Neuro-Humoral Regulation physiological functions.

SECTION 5. Vital activity of the body (16 h)

Support and movement

The value of reference systems in the life of organisms.

Plants.Supporting systems of plants. Motor reactions of plants.

Animals.Supporting systems of animals. Outdoor and inner skeleton. Muscular vertebrate system. Traffic - the most important feature animal organisms. Motor activity value. Mechanisms that ensure the movement of living organisms. Movement of unicellular and multicellular organisms.

Laboratory and practical work

Movement of infusoria shoes.

Move rainworm.

Demonstration movement of representatives of different vertebrate classes (videos).

Breath

Breathing value. The role of oxygen in splitting organic substances and exempting energy. Types of breathing. Cellular breathing.

Plants.Breathing of plants. The role of stomps and lentils in the respiration of plants. The structure and operation of the ustical apparatus. Breathing root.

Animals.Breathing of animals. Breathing organs of animal organisms. Skin and pulmonary breathing.

Demonstration experiments illustrating breathing germinating seeds, breathing roots, detection carbon dioxide In exhaled air.

Transportation substances

Transfer of substances in the body, its value.

Plants.Movement of substances in the plant. Features of the structure of plants providing substances. Absorption of water roots and minerals. Vertical movement of water and mineral salts for the root and stalk. Vertical transport of organic substances. Movement of nutrients in a horizontal plane.

Animals.Features of the transfer of substances in animal organism. The role of parenchyma and primary body cavity in the transport of substances in organisms that do not have a circulatory system. Blood System: Building and Functions. Lymph system. Hemolyimph, blood, lymph: composition and meaning.

Laboratory and practical work

Movement of water and mineral substances on a stalk.

The structure of blood cells frog and man.

Demonstration experience illustrating the path of movement of organic substances by stalk.

Food and digestion

Food as a process of obtaining organisms of substances and energy.

Plants.Features of plant nutrition. Soil nutrition. The role of the root in soil diet. Air power (photosynthesis). The value of photosynthesis. The value of chlorophyll in the absorption of solar energy.

Digestion and its meaning as preparatory stage metabolism. The role of digestive enzymes in the digestion of write. The main functions of the digestive system. Features of the structure of digestive systems of animals.

Demonstration:

act gastric juice on protein, saliva - on starch;

experiments proving the formation of starch in the light, absorb carbon dioxide with leaves.

Selection

Isolation as a process of removal from the body of finite and intermediate products of metabolism, alien and excess substances. The value of the selection process to ensure the optimal composition of the inner environment of the body and its normal life activity.

Plants.Selection of plants. The role of dust and gidatol (waterstwitz) in the removal of plant carbon dioxide plant from the body, excess water and mineral salts. The value of the leaf fall in the life of plants.

Animals.Allocation in animals. The main types of excretory systems. The role of the lungs gastrointestinal tract, skin, mucous membranes in the implementation of the selection function.

Demonstration:

kidney models;

schemes of the structure of human skin.

Metabolism and energy

The essence and value of metabolism and energy as one of the most essential properties of the living. Assimilation and dissimulation as two interrelated and multidirectional process constituting metabolism and energy.

Plants.Metabolism in plant organisms.

Animals.Exchange of substances in animal organisms.

Reproduction

Biological significance reproduction. Types of reproduction.

Plants.Canopy reproduction of plants: sporing formation; Vegetative reproduction. Sexual reproduction of lower plants: the formation of weights; conjugation.

Sexual reproduction of higher disputes and seed plants. The dependence of sexual reproduction of dispute plants from water. Reproduction of coated plants. Flower as a body of sexual reproduction. Pollination, double fertilization. The formation of seeds and fruits.

Animals.Miscellaneous animal reproduction: division, boring, fragmentation. Features of sexual reproduction of animals. Two and hermaphroditic organisms. Reproductive organs. Sex cells. Fertilization outdoor and internal.

Demonstration methods of reproduction of plants.

Laboratory and practical work

14. Shining room plants.

Growth and development

Ontogenesis, or individual development.

Plants.The spread of fruits and seeds. Terms of germination of seeds. Food and growth of seedlings. Oriented growth.

Animals.Embryonic and post-embryonic periods of individual development. Development of the embryo (on the example of the lancing). Direct and indirect types of post-mixed development. EFEPLEKOD and intrauterine direct development. Indefinite and certain types of growth.

Laboratory and practical work

Direct and indirect insect development.

Seaman germination.

Demonstration methods for the spread of fruits and plant seeds.

Regulation of vital activity processes

Communication of organisms with an external environment. Maintaining homeostasis and adaptation to environmental changes.

Plants.Growth substances of plants.

Animals.Irritability as the ability of organisms to respond to environmental impacts. Nervous system, features of structure and operation. Main types nerve systems. Reflex as a response of the body to exposure from the external environment, carried out by the nervous system. Unconditional and conditional reflexes. Instincts.

Endocrine (humoral) system, its role in the regulation of life processes. Endocrine glands.

Demonstration:

microspections of nervous tissue;

knee and blinker reflexes;

models of nervous systems, senses;

plants grown after processing by growth substances.

Educational and thematic plan

p / P.	Name sections and theme	Total hours	Number of hours
			theoretical	practical	counter test
	Introduction
	The body is as a whole.
	Vital activity of the body.
	Conclusion.
	TOTAL:

Examination - 0

Test works - 3

Calendar-thematic planning

		Theme lesson	Workshop
		Introduction		learn records in Tetr.
Section 1. Cell (2 hours). Basic concepts:procarniot, eukaryotes, organoids, inclusions, non-tire forms of life (viruses).
		1. Chemical composition of the cell.		learn records in Tetr.
		2. Cells of different kingdoms of living organisms.		learn the table in the tetr.
Section 2. Fabrics (5 hours). Basic concepts: fabric, basic fabric groups (vegetable: educational, coating, main, mechanical, conductive, excretory), animals (epithelial, connecting, muscular, nervous); Differentiation of cells.
		1. Differentiation of cells. Fabrics are simple and complex.		learn records in Tetr.
		2. Plant fabrics: general characteristics. Educational, mechanical and coating fabrics.	L.R.№ 1 "The structure of the leather leather"
		3. Plant fabrics: main, conductive, excretory.	L.R.№2 "The structure of the main and conductive sheet tissue"	learn Table.; Report to Lab. slave
		4. Animal fabrics.		run pictures to the records in the tetper.
		5. Seminar on the sections "Cell", "Fabrics".		mini-projects
Section 3. Authorities (8 hours). Basic concepts:organ, classification of organs: vegetative, generative, similar, homologous; Organ systems: classification of organ systems for executable functions.
		1. Root.	L.R.№3 "The structure of root hairs and root case", L.R.№ 4 "The structure of the rod and urine systems."
			L.R.№ 5 "Microscopic structure of the stem". L.R.№ 6 "The structure of the bulb, tuber".	learn records in Tetr.; Report to Lab. slave
		3. Kidney. Sheet.	L.R.№ 7 "The structure of the kidneys located on the stalk", L.R.№ 8 "Simple and complex leaves".	learn records in Tetr.; Report to Lab. slave
		4. Flower.		learn records in Tetr.
		5. Fruit. Seed.	L.R.№ 9 "The structure of seeds of dietary and monocotyledonic plants."	learn records in Tetr.; Report to Lab. slave
		6. Organs and systems of animal organs.		learn Table.
		7. Organs and systems of animal organs.		learn Table.
		8. Systematization and control of knowledge under the section "Organs"		re-decision counter. tests (with change of options)
Section 4. The body is like a single whole (1 hour). Basic concepts: Integrity, integration, life uniform, homeostasis, physiological processes, neuro-humoral regulation.
		1. The organism of higher plants. Animal organism.		learn records in Tetr.
Section 5. Vital activity of the body (16 hours).						1. Supporting systems of plants. Motor reactions of plants.		learn records in Tetr.
		2. Supporting systems of animals. Motor activity value.	L.R.№10 "The movement of infusoria-shoes"; L.R.№11 "Movement of the Rainhery Worm"	learn records in Tetr.; Report to Lab. slave
		3. Breathing of plants.		learn records in Tetr.
		4. Animal breathing.		learn records in Tetr.
		5. Transfer of substances in the body, its value.	L.R.№12 "Movement of water and mineral substances by stalk"; L.R.№13 "The structure of blood cells of frogs and a person"	learn records in Tetr.; Report to Lab. slave
		6. Features of plant nutrition.		learn records in Tetr.
		7. Features of animal nutrition.		learn records in Tetr.
		8. Digestion.		learn records in Tetr.
		9. Allocation.		mini-projects
		10. The exchange of substances in plant organisms.		learn schemes in tetr.
		11. Exchange of substances in animal organisms.		learn schemes in tetr.
		12. Reproduction of plants.	L.R.№14 "Shining room plants"	learn records in Tetr.
		13. The reproduction of animals.		learn records in Tetr.
		14. Growth and development of living organisms.		learn schemes in tetr.
		15. Regulation of life processes.		learn records in Tetr.
		16. Systematization and control of knowledge under the section "Vital activity of the body"		Know the basic concepts of the course
Conclusion (1 hour).
		1. Total testing at the course "Live Organism".

Requirements for knowledge and skills:

Students should know:

chemical composition cells;

features of the structure of prokaryotic and -Eukaryotic cells;

similarities and differences in the structure of plants, mushrooms, animals:

features of non-calm forms of life;

the structure, the origin, the functions of plant fabrics;

structure, origin, animal fabric functions;

external and internal structure, modification, functioning of vegetative and generative organs of plants;

the structure and features of the functioning of physiological systems of animal organs (on the example of mammals);

the main processes of vital activity of plant and animal organisms;

features of regulating life processes in plants and animals.

Students should be able to:

compare various biological objects (cells, fabrics, organs, organs, organisms) and processes, draw conclusion conclusions;

recognize and describe the main parts and organoid organoids on tables, organs of flowering plants on live objects and tables, organs and systems of animal organs on duzhuhs, preparations and tables;

schematically depict the structure of organs and systems of organs;

study biological objects and processes, carry out laboratory observations, put biological experiments, describe and explain the results of experiments;

carry out an independent search for biological information in dictionaries, reference books, scientific and popular science literature, Internet networks;

make up brief abstracts and reports on the topics of interest, to represent their audience.

Literature:

Biology.Big encyclopedicvocabulary. M.: Pain
shaya Russian Encyclopedia, 2001.

Levitin M. G., Levitina T. P.General Biology: Dictionary of
nitsiy and terms. SPB: Parity, 2002.

Mammoths. G.Biology: allowance for entering Wu
shl. M.: Drop, 2004.

Chebyshev N.V., Kuznetsov S.V., Zaychikova S.G.Biology. Address for applicants to universities. T. 1-2. M.: "New Wave", 2002

Elective courses.Collection 2. Biology. 10-11 classes. Profile training. M.: Drop, 2006.