With the names of Fyodor Podtelkov and Mikhail Krivoshlikov, the establishment of Soviet power on Don is closely connected.

May 10, 1918 Banda of white Cossacks, afraid of an open collision fraudulently disarmed a detachment detachment.

The next day, 11th 1918. Over the leaders of the Don Government, Fedor, Advilkovoy and Mikhail Krivošlikov, took place for the whole detachment in Faromarev's farm.
Mass murder was carried out in front of the inhabitants of the nearest farms - to disappear of the population.

It should be noted that they started their political Olympus from the Kamensky village. Kamensky Bolsheviks at the initial stage had great support to them.
Belocasks created special "hunting" detachments for the capture and destruction of "bogotos", traveling to create red shelves. After making sure that the path to the north is closed, F. G. Podelkov decided to go to the peasant volosts of the Donetsk district for the connection with the detachments of E. A. Schadenko. But by this time his detachment was almost already surrounded by white-facasters. Bandits demanded from subtleties to putting a weapon, promising to skip them to the north, in their native villages.

As soon as the weapon was handed over, the White Guards surrounded the subtletiles and drove under the convoy in Hut. Ponomarev Stan. Krasnokutskaya. On the same day, the White Guard court sentenced F. G. Podtelkov and M. V. Krivoshalkov to hang it, and the remaining 78 captured expedition participants - to the shooting.

May 11, 1918 near Hut. Ponomareva took place. Duties and krivoshlikov kept exclusively firmly. From the loop on the neck of the subtlets turned to the people with a speech, he called for Cossacks not to believe the officers and atamans.
"One thing is only: do not go back to the old!" - I managed to shout my feet of my last words ...

So courageously met the death of the best sons of the Don Cossacks.

A year later, when the hut is released. Ponomareva Soviet troops, on the grave of heroes, a modest obelisk was built with the words in the words: "You killed personalities, we will kill classes."

In 1968, on the grave of F. G. Podtelkov, M. V. Krivoshlikov and their combat comrades, a monument was built at the farm Ponomarev. On the 15-meter Obelisk, the Fedor Décotelkov and Mikhail Krivoshlikov and 83 combat comrades who died from Belokazakov in May 1918 were carved by the 15-meter Obelisk.

In the 2 Tome of Roman M. A. Sholokhov "Silent Don" describes the execution of Fyodor Subtölkov and Mikhail Krivoshlikov, as well as all his squad in the farm Ponomarev.
Fedor Grigorievich Podelkov was born in the farm of the Krutovskoye Ust-Khoper's village of Ust-Medvedetsky district in the family of poor Cossack Grigory Onufrievich Podtelkov. From early childhood, the mother was helped by the economy. Fedor Father lost very little lost. Raised his grandfather. To school, the boy had to go daily for six kilometers. It was time to serve in the army. High-shoulder Fedor Podtelkov was enrolled in the 6th Guards Battery, which was serving in the Tsarist Palace in St. Petersburg. During the First World War, the courage and courage, manifested in battles, F.G. The subtlets was awarded by two George crosses, a medal "for courage." Got the rank of coinage.
After the February Revolution, the subchoruzhiy subelkov was elected commander of the 6th Guards Battery. After the October Revolution, the battery passed on the side of the Bolsheviks.

Atama Kalden began on Don after the proclamation of the Soviet power. In the village of Kamenskaya, on the proposal of the Bolsheviks, the congress of front-line Cossacks was convened. Active participation in his work accepted F.G. Podlekov. The congress announced the overall power of Ataman Kaltedina and formed the Don Regional Military Revolutionary Committee. Fedor Delkov, secretary, Mikhail Krivoshlikov, was elected chairman of the VRC.
The subtlets participated in the battles with the Cossacks of Kaltedin, the formation and strengthening of the revolutionary Cossack parts, in the convening and work of the 1st Congress of the Soviets of the Don Republic in 1918.
The Don Republic was formed at the end of March 1918, and on April 9, the 1st Congress of the Soviets of the Don Republic was gathered in Rostov, at which the CEC was elected headed by Communist V.S. Kovalev. The CEC formed the Council of People's Commissars of the Don Republic. His chairman became F.G. Podlekov.

Monument

Installed before the building of the city museum of local history, where in 1918 the Military Revolutionary Committee worked.
Opening took place on November 5, 1974. At the rally, the honorary citizen of the city of Kamensk S. I. Kudinov spoke well at the rally.
The author of the monument is the Rostov sculptor A. X. Gelauyan.

Chernitsa E. P. My grandfather in the subtlekov did not shoot! // Donskoy Temperator. Year 2008th / Don. State Publ. B-ka. Rostov-on-Don, 2007. 16. P. 117-119..aspx? Art_id \u003d 626

My grandfather in the subttelkova did not shoot!

To the 90th anniversary of the death of V. M. Chernetsova

In the magazine "Donskoy Temperator. Year 2006 y "printed search and local history work. And in February 2007, we received a letter from the village of Fedorovka Neklinovsky district. The author of the letter, in a broad lighting of the events of January 1918, leads a lot of interesting information about those dramatic days, and we considered it necessary to acquaint with this story-response readers of our magazine.

I am the grandson of Vasily Mikhailovich Chernetov, and "Memory, my evil lord, Tomit Painful breasts." And therefore it is difficult to sole, because in the article, as in the old good textbook, the facts of those days of January 1918 are reflected. Let me allow myself some clarifications.

About the last Boy and the last day V. M. Chernetsova written a lot. Many and fiction as in the above article.

According to grandmother's stories, it was so. It is known that Don was announced by Ataman A. M. Caluedin Autonomous. With such a state of affairs, the Bolsheviks did not want to put up, especially since they had a living force, and there was nothing to take away from the poor in Russia.

What did they carry in the Cossack Earth? Nothing good. Rubba, raped, vodka fought, played in the cards, seeds gnawed - there was a sick - and, of course, they were not so - bored with weapons and used it in various reasons and without. And who will like it? Especially in such freedom-loving edge, like don.

By the Krasnoarmeysian units who invaded our lands opposed the partisan detachment under the command of V. M. Chernetsov. Previously, the detachment has established itself with glorious affairs: Debaltsevo, Zverevo, Lyhai - the stages of his battle way. Today is here, and tomorrow is far away. How did they manage it? Yes, because the discipline was at a high level, a ladder was stopped, drunkenness.

Everyone knew his maneuver, paid special attention to technical equipment. Priority was given to machine guns: "Gelki" - very respected. They did not trust the colts, shosha, Lewis: often refused. It was not shy to learn, the authority of the boss was at such an altitude that many would envy. About Chernetsov Songs, poems. And he is a little growth, but the fastening, with a healthy blush on the cheeks, with an open look, the conscription was located to himself, especially since he had the fame of a well-deserved officer, intelligent. He always emphasized what he knew for what was fighting, and he was not afraid to die, which was faithful. He loved the youth, he himself was young - about 28 years old.

It is said that he had a lot of officers in the squad. Yes it is. But that it was yesterday's gymnasists, cadets, students, etc. - silent. In battle, they did not know fear, so Chernetsov generously assigned to them officer ranks. There were, of course, the Cossacks, the backbone of the squad. They trained the youth to what they were taught from childhood an old man. There were competitions for the best in the profession - hence the success.

Intelligence reported that after the arrival of Krasnogvardeysk echelons, endless rallies were taken to the station deep there, in the order of things - drunks, passing in the earliest. To somewhat have an idea of \u200b\u200bthat time, imagine that drunk gave weapons. And the population of those years lived in such an atmosphere daily.

After two shots from the gun, all this drunk disassembled, because the warriors they were no bit.

The result of the battle was already predictable. But ... how sometimes a lot changes "but"! And then. The fact is that in neighboring echelons there was a cavalry under the command of the Military Troops of Gupov, an experienced guilt, brave to madness, a well-deserved officer, an ambitious, adventurer in character warehouse, sixteen times wounded in battles. Its cherished his goal was to master the Ataman authorities. Here are the Red Guards Commanders and threatened Goluboy to save the situation.

Chernets immediately noticed that the situation on the battlefield changes, as the Cossack parts entered into battle against him. And the thing was that Ataman Kalidin, having failed Chernetov, ordered: not to join the Cossacks! We need to know Colonel Chernetskov, he would fulfill this order at any cost.

Parliamentary were appointed and negotiations began with the Cossacks, notice: only with the Cossack units. The fight was stopped on both sides. Horse riding, as he was wounded in the foot, drove Chernets to meet Goluba. They reached an agreement on the cease-fire. Chernetsov acquainted Gupov with an order of Ataman. They made a note to General Usachev, the commander of the troops, fighting in the Donetsk district: "1918, January 21, I, Chernetsov, together with a detachment taken captive. In order to avoid completely unnecessary bloodshed, I ask you not to come. We are guaranteed by the word of all the detachment and the military foreman of Goluba. Colonel Chernets. " Under the signature of Chernetsov, there is also a signature of Golubov: "Military officer N. Golubov. 1918, January 21st.

With this note, General Usachev was sent as a delegate of the Vyrkalikov's degree.

This note is now stored in Garo.

Golubov's Cossacks were forced to clean the station deep from the Red Guards and escorted their echelons towards Millerovo. Therefore, the parts of General Usacheva did not catch anyone at the station deep - it was empty.

And then the events developed so. The subttaker and his committees really did not like the position and order of Golubov. They learned that Chernetskov's squad is accompanied in the farmers farm farms, faithful to Ataman Kaluedin. It was not very satisfied with the subtölkov, he had a routine plan with Chernetovov. As I wrote, Chernetsov was in full service, even with orders, and his thirty people - the prouders loyal to him - went on foot, carrying machine guns, though without cartridges. The heights, although it was not included in his function, decided to be accompanied.

A few words about the Uphlorinage F. G. Sadielkov. The article about it is only a laudatory reviews. He fought in the first world well. But then as the chain fell out. Possessing a great physical force, there could be someone who is relaxing, to make yourself listen. And I loved to talk. Drunkard, and most importantly, the mentally ill, ambitious and Brehun, as they would say now. Very loved seeds, always in the husk. The unclean on his hand, he without thinking used for mercenary purposes a regimental office. So, he spent money for his elections to the Committee and, of course, on vodka and moonshine. At all times, the elders were very honored on Don - it was the law. But not for such as ledbles. An example of this is his meeting with the Ataman Caledin, a respected man on Don, and not only on Don. After all, Kalins were a second checker in the Russian Empire, was the first Ataman, popularly, according to all the rules of the chosen circle, was the general of the cavalry and, finally, it was important, I had to match the subttage, that is, the next relative.

Truly say: from the mud - in the prince. Pilhoruzhiy led himself in the Ataman Palace on January 15, 1918, as if the power had passed into the hands of the Military Revolutionary Committee. Kalins walked at a compromise meeting, but he rejected all the reasonable offers of Ataman, demanding the transition of all power into his own hands. In April 1918, Subtölkov will be chosen by the Chairman of the Council of People's Commissars of the Don Soviet Republic. During the punitive expedition to the north of the Don region, his echelon will break at the Belaya Kalitva station; The survivors will clarify and move to the north of the region. The path will be accompanied by a ladder, violence, drunkenness, beating, shooting ...

On May 10, the expedition captured the rebels of the Cossacks. 78 members of the expedition across the court sentence were shot, and two of them, ledents and krivoshlikov, sentenced "for special merit" to hanging. Such honor has always been honored by very hated "specimens". On the old photo it is clear that they keep their hands in their pockets to maintain pants, because the buttons are cut. It can be seen that they did not mock them - they look quite worn. And the old people themselves of the farm Ponomarev led the court sentence to execution. Here the story itself put the point. And in 1962, at this place, 11 meter bronze monument of the work of the Rostov sculptor B. Usacheva was erected. For what merits? Apparently, for the fact that he managed to unleash the civil war on Don. So it was necessary for someone. The answer can be obtained from the secret directive of Ya. Sverdlova about the polls. That came-out would be happy to stay alive.

In the 60s, I specifically chose the place of residence and work the city of White Kalitva - very close to the place where the event described happened. I had to ride, talk to people. Some even remembered those events, and no one defended her subtölkov. Again, I changed the place of residence and work - the truth is only for a year, - to be closer to the events in the city of Makeevka, where the grandfather served as a military commandant. And there he was not an punisher, as it is described in the literature of Soviet times. I emphasized that he did not shoot anyone, did not hang anyone, but Cossack Nagaek somehow threw. People thanked him for bringing order on the streets, and it was impossible to go out. Therefore, they write one, and there is nothing to confirm, since the grandfather was an honest officer devoted to the oath until the end of his days.

But I will return to the place of events on January 21. This is all lies, that the grandfather snatched a straightened revolver who gave a misfire when grandfather wanted to shoot herdlenkova. Nothing he hitched. I didn't need to shoot my grandfather in someone. Otherwise, they could be accused of attacking the Cossack, which means he would not fulfill the order of Ataman. Chernetsov, it firmly knew and coldly (and he possessed the excerpt) did not answer at the entrance of the subtölkov, who just searched the occasion; That although grandfather waved her head over his head, threatening him to bore him, the grandfather of the weapon did not apply. Then subwers, seeing that Chernets ignores the threats, decided to act. He shut off his grandfather on the left shoulder and, when he fell from a horse, he had eight eight wounds. In the meantime, Chernetovtsev began to shoot the subtölkovkov. In the coming twilight, some managed to leave.

To reflect suspicious of self-government, the ledbles pulled the eternal excuses of the executioner, which, they say, he himself almost became a victim, since Colonel Chernetsov wanted to shoot him. This is from that opera when they declare that they killed, they say, when trying to escape. In the future, it will not be applied.

Golubov, when I learned about what happened, I called Podtölkova with a bastard.

At the cost of your life, the price of the life of their vigornikov Chernetsov, as far as he was able to remove the parish of Krasnogvardeans in Novocherkassk. The body of his day was in the steppe, and after he was found, buried on the cemetery of the farm Astakhov in the Christian rite. Very long walked, Say Death, Bolsheviks-subtölkovtsy. Reest the Cossacks for their rights. Many then dressed, God's judge.

Chernetskova's body as a recognized hero was reburied at the Novocherkassian cemetery. In one fence, then Ataman Kalin, Chernetsov, Ataman Bogaevsky, Ataman General Nazarov, General Alexeyev, and purely symbolic was the grave L. Kornilov. Come again to the Don, the Bolsheviks destroyed the burial. Now no one knows where it was ...

Yes, many of that troubled time did not know what they were doing. This is the monuments of reconciliation. As for the grandfather of my grandfather, I will say: "Yes, your name will be hired."

When the number was tamed, the author came from the author: on November 28, 2007 in the village of Kaltirth, the Council of Atamans of the Verevelsky Troops of the Donsky, Astrakhan, Voronezh and Volgograd regions decided to establish monuments of the Hero-partisan Vasilia Mikhailovich Chernetsov in the village of Kaltalinskaya and on the site of the death of the farm Astakhov ( Both settlements in Kamensky district).

One hundred years ago, January 23 (on a new style) of 1918 in Stanitsa Kamenskaya was collected by the congress of the front Cossacks, who chose the Cossack Military Revolutionary Committee headed by Fedor's adjacent and Mikhail Krivoshlykov. It was this committee that proclaimed himself by the supreme power on Don, acknowledging the primacy of the Moscow Council. From that moment on, an active part in the Civil War of the Don Cossacks begins, which before that followed the "neutrality".

First Spoli

Actually, fighting on the Don began earlier, at the end of 1917. While in Petrograd celebrated the seizure of power by the Bolsheviks, ataman Alexey Kalten said that « The military government, considering this seizure of power by the Bolsheviks criminal ... Temporarily, before the restoration of the power of the temporary government and order in Russia, has assumed the completeness of the executive state in the Don region. " On October 27 (hereinafter all the dates on the old style) Kalidy even invited members of the Interim Government to Don, to organize an armed struggle, and introduced martial law in the region. Supporters of Soviet power with such a situation did not agree, and requested help from their associates outside the region.

In 1917, the sailors were one of the supports of the revolution. Photo: Commons.Wikimedia.org.

On November 24, the ships of the Black Sea Fleet arrived in Rostov, on which revolutionary careful sailors arrived. Blood was still massively pulled, but the parties demonstrated the willingness to move to decisive actions. Kalins demanded that ships retracted, and the Red Guard detachments created in Rostov, but this ultimatum was ignored. At the same time, a political game was also a political game to pull out authority: November 26, the Rostov Bolsheviks declared that power in the field turns into the hands of the Rostov Military Revolutionary Committee.

Thus, two governments arose on Don, each of whom was considered lawful only. These days arrived in the area general KornilovAnd the creation of a white voluntary army began. Did not sit without affairs and red, by December 25, 1917 Antonov-Ovseenko Almost no resistance took the western part of the Donetsk pool.

Where the scale of the scales swing, depended on the Don Cossacks - however, most Cossacks have taken an expectant position.

Luxury troops

It must be admitted that the Cossacks in general were true to the idea of \u200b\u200bthe monarchy (to all of the time, they were coming to the emperor personally). But after the renunciation of the king, the throne became unclear to serve. Neither the Bolsheviks nor Kalylin and the temporary government supported by them were not in terms of Cossacks completely legitimate power.

Therefore, the Don Cossacks who wondered on the fronts of the First World War preferred, mainly to keep neutrality - and although Cossack detachments under the command of Chernetov had already actively showed themselves in the suppression of mining performances in the neighboring Donbass, the majority of the Don Cossacks occupied the expectant position. Meanwhile, the personal data of the Cossacks were such that they were able to easily change the entire alignment of forces on Don.

"Judge for yourself, according to official data, 117 thousand Cossacks were called to the first world war, of which a little more than 3 thousand people were killed, and only 170 were in captivity. At the same time, the St. George crosses for the feats on the field of Brahi received 37 thousand Cossacks. . Such a performance of actions, as well as the ratio of achievements and losses, today only the most elite parts of special forces can boast, "said the presentation of the photo album on the participation of Cossacks in the First World War, Doctor of Historical Sciences Yuns Ran Andrei Women.

Cossacks perfectly showed themselves at the fronts of the First World War (in the illustration - patrol the soldiers of the German and Austrian armies taken captured, photos from the album Don Cossacks in the First World War). Photo: / Sergey Khorosavin

However, these people who have passed the fire of war, hesitated. Most Cossacks did not want to fight. That is why the first attempts to create a voluntary army failed. In total, about 5 thousand officers, junkers and high school students were recorded in the ranks of the White Guard.

No wonder that white on the Don was not kept. By January 28, 1918, the red troops occupied Taganrog, February 10, Rostov and February 12 - Novocherkassk. The small detachments of the Volunteer Army could no longer hold back the offensive of the red troops and retreated to Kuban.

Ataman Alexei Kalled, who did not receive the support of the front Cossacks and did not see the opportunity to stop the bolshevik detachments, the powers of the military Ataman had been personally and shot himself.

Pokhoruzhiy and ensign

Brave Cossack Fedor Adhesives Photo: Wikipedia

The mass involvement of the Don Cossacks in combat operations began after the actively started the same Cossack military-revolutionary committee, at the head of which turned out to be pokhoruzhiy Fedor Subtölkov and ensign Mikhail Krivoshlikov.

The subttake was born on the farm Krutovsky farm in the current Volgograd region. From 1909 - he was in the army, served as an artillers in the Guards equestrian artillery. He passed the entire first world war, becoming a consistent supporter of the Bolsheviks to its end. Widewriting, tall, with a diverse voice, ledels were a born leader, and it is not surprising that it was he who was heading of the Red Cossacks.

His associate - Mikhail Krivochlikov, was another type. In the same 1909, when the heights went to the army, Krivoshlyakov entered the Don Agricultural Commission, which he graduated from "excellent." During the student edited the student newspaper, and after - worked by agronomist, learning, in absentia, in the Kiev Commercial Institute. However, when the war began, the mobilization of krivoshlikov did not escape. As a person who received any, but education, he was appointed to the officer's post of commander first walking their intelligence, and then hundreds.

"Being completely imperceptible to the coup, he began to pay attention to the first days of the revolution not only the sharpness and extreme of its judgments, but also a gross recklessness, the destructive nature of his actions. "Revolutionary" requirements for the school discipline, attacks against the officer and the accusation of it in "counter-revolutionism", removing from the walls and the biology of royal portraits, "they were the performances of Krivoshlikov," said the Cossack Journal in 1918 "Don wave."

It was these two and turned out to be at the head of the Red Cossacks, and in many ways their actions of Subtölkov and Krivoshlikov led to a massive uprising on Don, which was completed and their death, and the tragedy of the entire Don Cossacks.

Brother on Brother

Soviet power, just after establishing Don, immediately began to implement their promises, including the "land - peasants". The trouble was that the main part of the land foundation in the region belonged to the Cossacks, and it was possible to put landless peasants with put on only during their account. Don Cossacks, to put it mildly, did not like it.

The detachments of the Krasnogvardeans did not like the Cossacks. Photo: Wikipedia

Began to break out the first sparks of the rebellions, which the Bolsheviks tried to press the force. Arrests began, details, executions. The heights and krivoshlikov actively participated in these actions. In addition, the heights stained themselves with reprisal over the prisoners.

Colonel Vasily Chernetsov became famous for both dashing battle operations and punitive actions: Wikipedia

Immediately after the proclamation of the Military Revolutionary Committee, a Cossack squad was sent to his destruction colonel Vasily ChernetovHowever, the red managed to smash it, and the colonel was captured.

Further, on the memories of eyewitnesses, the following happened - "On the road, the subleets mocked Chernetov - Chernets was silent. When the heights hit him with his whore, Chernetsov snatched his serrated browning from the inner pocket of his brownish coat and focused ... He clicked into the subtölkov, in the trunk of the pistol of the cartridge - Chernetsov forgot about it without submitting a cartridge from the climate. The subtlets snatched his checker, shook him in his face, and after five minutes the Cossacks went further, leaving Chernetov's chopped corpse into the steppe. "

It is this murder and became a formal reason for the execution of the Podtölkovo himself, when he, in turn, fell into the hands of the rebels of the Cossacks. And it happened already in May of the same year.

Soviet power started mobilization on Don, which led to the mass uprising of the Cossacks. The power of the Bolsheviks on the Don collapsed in a matter of days, and the Cossacks made their choice. On May 10, the detachment and Krivoshlikov detachment was captured. They surrendered almost without a fight, calculating, apparently, on a good attitude of countrymen, especially since the detachment teams were familiar with each other. However, the times have changed - the civil war was gaining momentum, breaking and ruins friendly and family bonds. The next day, the heights and krivoshlikov were hanged in the farmer of the village of the village for the sentence of Cossack elders for the execution of the captured Chernetskov. All 78 came to capture members of his squad were shot.

Easter 1918 came on May 11 and it was on this day that the white Cossacks killed 82 podnickers who supported Soviet power. After the shooting, in which the leaders of the Red Cossacks of the Dames and Spiridonov died on the Don, a fratricidal war came, and mass executions produced by the Cossacks over the Cossacks have ceased to surprise anyone. The episode of the "bloody Easter" of 1918 is described in detail in the novel "Silent Don".

Bon

The end of winter and spring of 1918 became a turning point and tragic for don time, which determined the future of the chance of the Cossacks in history. In February 1914, Ataman Kalidin was shot dead and already on April 24 and 25, the Reds took red, and then Novocherkassk.

On March 23, the Decree of the Don Regional Military Revolutionary Committee (VRK) proclaimed the Don Soviet Republic. A month later, the Congress of the Councils of Workers and Cossack deputies of the New Republic was opened in Rostov. The Chairman and Commissioner responsible for hostilities elected Fedor Podtelkov.

On the same days, General Laurus Kornilov dies under Ekaterinodar, and the volunteer army turns to the Don. The Germans refused to comply with the Brest world and introduced their troops to the Don region, and they occupied Rostov to May.

On May 1, for mobilization in the revolutionary army of the Cossacks in order to fight against the Belarusians and Germans, the detachment of a hundred saber is recovered on the top don. At the head of the mobilization unit, subelkov and krivoshlikov were appointed - head of the Don Revolutionary Committee.

Private subtelkov

On May 10, in one of the farms, a detachment detachment and Krivoshlikov was surrounded by white-facasters. It turned out that the enemies of the revolution commanded the old colleague of the red commander, the Cossack of Spiridonov. After the dawn of the female and Spiridonov, one on one met on the old Kurgan near the farm, and the hurrying Cossacks were waiting for his foot. Speaking as Spiridonov spoke later: "About the past" commanders were separated.

In the afternoon there was a short fight, and demoralized red Cossacks surrendered to their countrymen, captured and fell and felling. For the trial of the apostates in the village of Krasnokutskaya and Milyutinskaya, sent over the elders, who became the judges.

Court over the Red Cossacks

The court walked at night and without the presence of the defendants. Of the 82 red Cossacks, 79 should be shown, and one let go. Podelkov and Krivoshlikov as the leaders of the detachment were going to hang. The hard sentence of the judge was impressed by the Sotnik Afanasia Popov, who said that the defendants betrayed Don and turned the weapons against their own brothers.

The main fault of Fedor Podtelkov for the Cossacks was the murder of the symbol of the Don Counterrency of Colonel Vasily Chernetov. According to the memories of eyewitnesses after the wounded Chernetskov issued his own single-albaters, the subttake began verbally mock him. After the hit, the colonel could not stand the colonel and tried to shoot a subtelle from a small pistol Browning, which he hid in a sermon. The weapon gave a mischief, and Chernetskov shoved the sublims, leaving his dead body lying in the steppe.

Casman

The execution fell on Saturday with bright weeks and in pre-revolutionary Russia, and especially on Don this holiday was particularly revered. According to his case, execution was not conducted and the emperor often gave amnesty to prisoners. Did not believe in the execution and the Cossacks themselves. According to eyewitness evidents, the rabbits from neighboring farms were in a hurry in Ponomarev, fearing that the "subtleties" and their judge in the sign of reconciliation and the holiday will come with the whole moonshine without them.

However, the court decision was different. In the eyes of the gathered Cossacks and old people, a penalty occurred, after which the way back was not there. The direct participant of those events of the Cossack Alexander Senin, who led the guard on this day, so described the behavior of the subtelkov: "Of all the dead, the comrade of the festivals kept himself and heroically. On the eve of death, he asked something to say. He was allowed. He spoke about the revolution, her meaning, that she still, in the end, must defeat, and died with words about the revolution. " Already with a feet thrown on the neck, the subtlets shouted: "Do not return to the old old one!".

Skopina Olga © IA Red Spring

May 11 marks 100 years from the date of reprisals with the Commission of the Don Soviet Republic. At the end of April 1918, an expedition was sent to the north of the region to the North of the Region, for the mobilization of Verkhnedon Cossacks. It was necessary to form detachments to render the Germans who were already approached by Rostov. The counter-revolutionary Cossacks initially captured the Commission headed by members of the Military Revolutionary Committee of the Republic of Fedor, Adodelkov and Mikhail Krivyshlock. And then executed almost all expedition participants.

Anniversary of the events led to a sharp aggravation between red and white, unfortunately, in the region remained almost unnoticed. Memorable events were planned only on the site of the execution of the members of the detachment - in Kashhar district. The regional authorities actually ignored the century of one of the key episodes of the civil war on Don. Almost forgotten about the anniversary and the Cossacks. Meanwhile, this story is worth remembering.

The first post-revolutionary months on Don

By 1917, Done's population was very inhomogeneously. Cossacks, which made about 40% of the population of the region, belonged to more than 80% of the Earth. In addition, the Cossack urgently used by other privileges, for example, did not pay taxes. All this led to a big tension between the Cossacks and the "non-resident" (to which the population of Don) attributed to all the non-Zacaches). The Cossacks itself were also not monolith - the poor and "middle peasants" had great claims to the Cossack top. This tangle contradictions largely predetermined the future difficult fate of the region.

After the Great October Revolution, an active political confrontation between the Rostov Council and the military government of Ataman Kaltedina, meeting in Novocherkassk, began on Don. The aggravation quickly reached sluggish fighting. At the end of November, the detachment of the Cossacks and Junckers defeated the premises of the Rostov Council, killing several Red Guards. White partisan detachments began to operate. They were opposed to individual parts of the Red Guards. The main mass of the Cossacks, just recently returned from the front, kept neutrality.

But 10 (23) January in the village of Kamenskaya was the congress of front-line Cossacks. At first, the congress did not have a certain political orientation. But as soon as it became known about the telegram of the Don Government with the order to overclock the congress and arrest the gathered, the mood of the delegates has changed. The proposal of the ensign worker Mikhail Krivoshlikov declare Congress by the revolutionary authority in the area supported all those present. Congress delegates elected Donskaya Cossack Military Revolutionary Committee (VRC). It should be noted that out of 15 VRK members only three were Bolsheviks. The Chairman was chosen by Fedor of the villas, the secretary - Mikhail Krivoshlykov.

Podlekov and Krivoshlikov

Fedor Grigorievich Vodotelkov was born in the farm of the Krutovskoye Ust-Khoper's village of Ust-Medvedetsky district in the family of the poor Cossack in 1886. From 1909 served in the Life Guards artillery, which was part of the protection of the emperor. Fucked in the First World War, he served before the coinage. After the February Revolution began to take an active part in the political life of the regiment, conducted agitation for the Soviet power.

Mikhail Vasilyevich Krivoshlikov was born in the farm Ushakov Elansky village of the Donetsk district in the family of the Blacksmith in 1894. In 1909 he entered the Don Agricultural School, located near Novocherkasska. After the release from the school worked as an agronomist. With the beginning of the First World War was called up to the army. By 1917 he had served before the ensign and the post of commander hundreds. After the February Revolution, the Chairman of the Regimental Committee was elected chairman of the Division Committee. In May 1917, he was sent by a delegate from the village of Elansky to the military Cossack circle, where he made a sharp criticism of the candidate for the Ataman of General Kalian. It was one of the organizers of the congress of front-line Cossacks in Kamenskaya.

Actions in VRK

On January 15, the delegates of the Committee put forward the Ultimatum to the Don Government, in which they proposed to recognize the power of VRK and fold the powers. The Kaluedin government responded with refusal. The situation of dvoevsty was established in the region. On January 20, a decisive battle was held: the forces of the revolutionary Cossacks under the station was deeply broken down by one of the most combat-ready units of Atamanians - the detachment of Colonel Chernetsov. Vasily Chernetsov himself, together with part of his detachment, was captured.

What exactly happened during the conventionation of the prisoners is unknown. According to the most common version (confirmed, including those who saved by the fighters of his squad), Chernetsov attacked the commander of the Konvoe Subtölkov. In response to the attack, the Chairman of the DVR borrowed the colonel, the prisoners rushed into the loose. Some of them were shot by trying to escape, others managed to hide. Subsequently, it was this event that was one of the main charges against Podtölkov.

Red continued offensive. On January 29, Ataman Kalled convened an emergency meeting of the government, which stated: "The population not only does not support us, but also configured to us hostile". He recognized the meaninglessness of further resistance and has arisen the powers of Ataman and the Chairman of the Government. In the evening of the same day, General Kalins shot himself. The Don Government headed Ataman Nazarov, but he could not raise the Cossacks on the fight against Soviet power. On April 1, Novocherkassk took the Cossack squad Golubov, who dispersed the military circle. Small white troops retreated into the Salse steppes.

On March 23, VRK announced the creation "Independent Don Soviet Republic in a blood connection with the Russian Soviet Republic". It should be noted that the Central Soviet government did not object to autonomy in principle. Lenin wrote on February 28: "Against the autonomy of the Don Region, I have nothing ... Let the Plenipotentiary Congress of the Urban and Rural Councils of the Over the Don Region, will work out its agricultural bill and submit to the approval of the Council of Europe ...".

The Chairman of the Council of People's Commissar and the Military Commissioner of the Republic became Fedor Adodels. Mikhail Krivoshlikov took the position of Commissioner for Management Affairs. From April 22 to April 27, the first congress of the Councils of Workers and Cossack deputies of the Don Republic was held in Rostov, which attended 713 delegates. The congress confirmed the powers of the Commissioners, recognized the Brest peace treaty and held elections to the Central Executive Committee of the Republic.

Mobilization Commission

However, not the whole population of the region recognized Soviet power. The remains of the Don Government raised the Cossacks on metries. The situation was aggravated by the fact that the region was approached by German troops. The leadership of the republic sent a delegation to the Germans and tried to convince them to comply with the conditions of a peace treaty, according to which the Germans had no right to occupy the Don region. However, negotiations were not crowned with success, and at the end of April, German troops invaded the territory of the republic.

The appeal of the republican authorities with a call to the population to defend don and the revolution from the invaders did not have much success. Red troops continued to retreat under the pressure of the invaders. It was decided to send a mobilization commission to the northern Don district for a set of volunteers to combat the Germans and strengthening local authorities.

The head of the expedition was appointed subwers, commissioner - krivoshlikov. The commission provided 10 million royal money, and on April 30, a detachment of about 120 people left Rostov. But the goal is to achieve and failed. As you move to the north of the region, the detachment faced with an increasing resistance of the population, desertion began. On May 10, the expedition was surrounded by superior forces of counter-revolutionary Cossacks. Members of the Mobilization Commission surrendered to the promise of personal integrity and returning weapons after transportation in the village of Krasnokutskaya.

But contrary to promises, the prisoners were delivered only to the Ponomarev's farm, where the day the White was collected by the court who had to solve the fate of the detachment. Despite the fact that the expedition did not commit any violent actions, the court directed by the Cossack officers, decided to shoot the surrendered Cossacks, and the leaders of the detachment - Subtölkov and Krivoshlikov to hang. Only one of about 80 captured court let go. The severity of the sentence struck not only members of the expedition, but also many of their opponents. The disappearance was appointed the next day. The situation was aggravated by the fact that it was a pre-sabot, and for many Cossacks, the thought of execution on the eve of the Holy Holiday was Kramolna.

Casman

Nevertheless, the execution team was formed, and the execution took place on May 11. Part of the population of the farm (mostly non-resident) did not want to go to look at the violence, but the Stannel Board sent equestrian connectors along the streets, which actually drove the inhabitants of the execution. According to eyewitnesses, except prisoners, for sympathy for the convicts of Kaznili and the local resident of Mikhail Lukina.

The detachment leaders were executed alone among the latter, and during the expectation of execution they tried to encourage fellow comrades. Fedor adjusted several times several times toward the crowd of the audience and tried to convince the gathered. Mikhail Krivoshlikov, Mikhail Krivoshlikov, wrote a short letter to his relative, who agreed to convey one of the Cossacks watching the penalty: "Daddy, Mom, Grandpa, Grandfather, Natasha, Vanya and all relatives! I went to fight for the truth to the end. Taking captured, we were deceived and kill disarmed. But you do not flaw, do not cry. I am dying and believe that the truth will not be killed, and our suffering will be bored with blood ... Forgive forever! Loving you Misha. P.S. Dad! When everything comes, write a letter to my bride: the village of Wolf Poltava province, Stepanida Stepanne Samoilenko. Write that I could not fulfill the promise to meet her ".

During the execution of the Khutorovsky teacher managed to make photos of the squad leaders. The photo has been preserved and currently located in the Museum of Podtölkov and Krivoshlikov in the farm Ponomarev.

According to eyewitnesses, the heights himself put a loop on her neck and before his stool knocked out from under his feet, cried out, turning to the Cossacks: "ONLY ONLY: I will not abreate to the old one ...". Krivošlikov, during the execution a lot worried, and incoherently said that the Bolshevism was living, and they themselves die as the first Christian martyrs, with faith that their business was not died.

Consequences of reprisals

The execution of Participants of the expedition subtölkov became one of the key events in inciting civil war on Don. Combat collisions between red and white occurred before, but such a massive disappearance without the investigation took place for the first time. The execution of the subtelkovsky laid the beginning of the practice of a massive political anti-Soviet terror on Don, which was then continued during the reign of Ataman Krasnov. Such a cruel and disadvantaged court could not help but cause a response from supporters of the Don Soviet Republic, who wanted to take revenge on the Cossacks for executed comrades.

By mid-May, the position of the Don Republic became catastrophic: Rostov and Taganrog were occupied by the Germans, Novocherkassk and most of the territories of the region were controlled by their ally Krasnov. In fact, the republic has already ceased to exist by the summer, it was formally abolished on September 30.

In the future, the Soviet power returned to the Don in early 1919, and the former guide of the DSR, from which, in many respects, the Don Bureau of the Central Committee of the RCP (b) was made for conducting an extremely tough policy regarding the Cossacks. There is every reason to assume that one of their motives was revenge for unfairly executed comrades.

Memory of executed

In the winter of 1919, when the front passed through the Ponomarev farm, on the fraternal grave of the executed redarmeys built Obelisk with the inscription: "You killed personalities, we will kill classes." At the end of the 20s, Mikhail Sholokhov published the first two volumes of his ingenious "quiet Don". In the second volume, an episode was described in detail with a violence over the expedition. The writer clearly showed how this execution was strongly influenced by the Cossack consciousness and pushed them to the Brahubic War.

Currently, there are several monuments of the subttaking and Krivoshkov in the territory of the Rostov region. The monument on the place of execution in the Ponomarev farm, in 2017 was renovated. Locals themselves collected funds for the examination of the monument, which showed the need for repair. At the request of local residents and administrations of the district, the governor allocated funds from the Reserve Regional Fund. But the monument, located in the center of the former capital of the Troops of the Donskoy - Novocherkassk, has not been repaired for many decades and is in the launched state.

Modern assessment of the events of the civil war on Don

After the collapse of the Soviet Union, a myth on the participation of Cossacks in the Civil War was introduced into public consciousness. His creators tried to present a complex and controversial situation on the Don so that all Cossacks unequivocally supported white.

Currently, the Cossacks as one of the main heroes of the Civil War are extrvised by Colonel Chernetsov. He headed the detachment of counter-revolutionary youth, broken under the deep in January 1918. In 2008, there was a memorable sign on the site of the death of the colonel, by decision of the Registry Don Cossacks, a memorable sign was established. In an interview with the regional portal, 161.ru, the representative of the press service of the troops said that Chernetov was set a monument as the creator "The first partisan detachment on the Don to protect against the upcoming troops sent by the Bolshevik government to capture power".

In 2009, the first military Chernetovsky commemoration was held in the region, which became annual. The organizers and participants of the event will in every way glorify the members of the Chernetska squad, as if forgetting that the Cossacks were participating in both parties. Thus, at the events held in the central anniversary of the battle, Alexander Chamber, director of the Cossack and Cadet educational institutions of the Rostov region, shared their opinion about those events with the regional 33 channel. He declared: "In the heavy, turning time for Russia, there was a group of patriots, which consisted of young people, and which was defended by the country". It turns out, according to regional authorities, the Red Cossacks, who fought on the side of the VRC (who, we recall, later entered into battle with the Germans who came to Don) - not patriots and represented the danger to the country.

But the fate of the Mobilization Commission of Subtölkov and Krivoshlikov, when some Cossacks staged a brutal violence over others, it testifies that the real situation that has developed on Don in 1918 was much more difficult and deeper than trying to present. Such stories split the myth about the uniform "white" Cossacks, apparently, therefore, they prefer either to silence them at all about them, or to pervert them. So, in one of the Don Cadet Corps, the teacher of history at the lesson told the children that the heights and krivoshlikov were white, and the Red Guards were learned to violence! Moreover, the teacher himself really believed in this "version" and did not see anything special in the incident.

Such a distortion of history primarily insults the Cossacks who fought in the Civil War, and both "red" and "white". At least from respect for them, Cossacks should stop using his own history to achieve any political goals. Since the events, one hundred years has passed since the time and it is time to truly understand the full truth about the revolution and civil war.