Lesson 4.

Topic: Tragedy of the Civil War on the pages of Roman M.A.Sholokhov

"Silent Don"

The purpose of the lesson: show Civil Courage Sholokhov, who is one of the first Russian writersXX century told the real truth about the civil war as the greatest tragedy that had severe consequences for the whole people; understandthe deep intention of the "quiet don"; determine the copyright position on key problems of the novel; Prove that any civil war is the greatest tragedy, having serious consequences for both a separate person and for the entire people.

Equipment: Portrait of M.Sholokhov, illustration, distribution material.

Methodical techniques: Story, analysis of episodes, analytical conversation, work in groups.

And the Lord Caina said:

Where is Abel, your brother?

During the classes

The word teacher

For a long time in the Soviet literature, civil war was shrouded in a halo of a great attachment and revolutionary romance. Sholokhov spoke one of the first Soviet writers about the Civil War, as the greatest people's tragedy that had grave consequences for the country.

Why the creation and publication of the novel "Quiet Don" can be called a literary feat of Sholokhov?

(Roman "Quiet Don" was printed throughout the twelve years (from 1928 to 1940). And all this time, Sholokhov experienced a huge pressure - from the editors of all degrees to critics, one way or another, expressing the position of the authorities. To withstand this pressure was possible, only deeply affected with the idea of \u200b\u200bthe thing, more and more different from other works of Soviet literature and increasingly threatening the author's well-being, right up to arrest and prosecution. To bring to the end such a plan in itself was literary feat ...)

Why in the "quiet don" the characters are less attractive than the characters?

(Sholokhov in his novel walked from the truth of life. When he created the characters of the same subtlety or a strata of Koshevoy, he painted them not as some "ideal heroes", but as people who are still ticking a new life path. Each of them lies its own share The guilts and responsibility to the people are large at the Shtokman and the Mishk Koshevoy, smaller - Ivan Alekseevich. Through the complexity of Sholokhov's relations to these figures - the complexity of his relationship to the revolution and the civil war, which was not initially unequivocal).

Do you agree with the approval of Sholokhov, what civil war ended in 1920?

("The civil war ... Among other things, it is dirty that neither victory nor the winners in it happens ...", said Sholokhov.

After all, the troubles of the civil war on Don for Sholokhov is not an abstraction, but the bitter personal experience, which Plougom passed through their big family. Troy cousins \u200b\u200bSholokhov - Ivan, Valentin and Vladimir Sergina - died in a civil war. He grew up with them on the farm Krúzilin, where the sister of Alexander Mikhailovich Sholokhov, Olga Mikhailovna Sergin, after the death of her husband moved with his four children and settled in one Kuren with Sholokhov. The death of the brothers could not deeply affect the writer.

According to the writer, the civil war, which brought people so much grief and misfortune, did not end in 1920. After "climbing" "later, then to his broken Kurenima, and handed to families, everyone who survived. And winners, and defeated. " And a peaceful life began: "From the gate, you live in the gate, they drink water from one well, as long as the day of the eye of each other's call ... What is it? Grabs imagination? Here, in my opinion, and the very poor enough, so that frost is extended by the skin. " This split, who brought war, continued for many years, eating mutual hatred and suspicion ...

"When is the civil war over your textbooks? In the 20th? No, my dear, she is still going. Tools are different. And do not think that it will end soon "...)

Output: This characteristic of the Sholokhov time of the revolution and the Civil War on the very end of his life helps the best bitter words of Sholokhov about the fault in the life of the people who identify his troubles and suffering for many decades, identify the very essence of this great work that called people to national unity.

Civil War Events on Don, reflected on the pages of Roman M.Sholokhov "Quiet Don" (historical comment)

In the late 1917 - early 1918, the Cossack "Governments" of Don and Kuban under the leadership of Atamans A. M. Kaltedina and A. P. Filimonov stated the non-recognition of the Soviet government and began a war against Soviet power. Then the Soviet government sent the Krasnogvardeysian detachments from the central provinces of Russia to Russia and uniting them on the Don under the general command of the famous Bolshevik V. A. Antonova-Ovseenko. The fighting at this stage of the Civil War was conducted on both sides mainly along the railways with a few separate detachments (from several hundred and several thousand people) and received the name of the "echelon war". Krasnogvardeysian detachments R. F. Sivers, Yu. V. Sablin and G. K. Petrov in January 1918, knocked out part of General Kaltedin and the White Guard volunteer army from the northern part of the Don Region. The congress of the Don Front Cossacks in the Stanitsa Kamenskaya 10-11 (23-24) of January 1918 formed by the Donrevka led by F. G. Sadielkovoy and M. V. Krivoshlykov and formed the revolutionary Cossack detachments, which in a few days defeated the officer's volunteer detachment of Esaul V. M.Chanetov. Chernets and more than 40 officers who captured, by order of F.G.Podtelkov were executed without trial. On February 24, Krasnogvardeysian detachments occupied Rostov, February 25 - Novocherkassk. General Kalins shot himself, and the remnants of his troops fled to the Salskaya steppes. Volunteer Army (3-4 thousand people) retreated with battles to the territory of Kuban ...

Analysis of episode "Scene of reprisals over Chernetovtsy" (Ch.5, Ch.12)

(View Film Frames X / F "Quiet Don" (2nd series)

While twisting the wakhmister, risen raised mustache, shriekly shouted pigeons:

Melekhov, well done! Are you wounded, in no way? Hell! Bone Cole? - and

without waiting for a response, caught: - Head! Non-headed! ..

The officer squad so sprayed that they did not collect. He stuck in the tail!

Gregory asked to smoke. All over the field shook the Cossacks and

red Guards. From far an inherent ahead of the crowd lynged the Horse Cossack.

Forty man took, pigeons! .. - he shouted from published. - Forty officers

and the Chernetskov itself.

Do you lie?! - Golubov frightened in the saddle and cried, merciless

rowing with a high-white horse.

Grigory, waiting a little, drove him.

The thick crowd taken in the captivity of officers accompanied, the ring engulfed them

a convoy in thirty Cossacks - the 44th regiment and one of hundreds of 27th. Ahead

all walked Chernetsov. Running away from persecution, he dropped the fur coat and now

she walked in one light leather jacket. The pursuit on his left shoulder was

rolled. On the face near the left eye, fresh bellows. He went

quickly, without getting off his legs. Dad, reliably, attached to him

careless and Malded. And the shadow of the fright was not on his pink face: he,

apparently, it was not shaved for several days - the blond pigle was golden on the cheeks and

chin. Chernetsov Solovo and quickly looked around the Cossacks running towards him;

gorky, hated folds shadped between eyebrows. He lit on the go

the match, lit up, squeezing with a cigarette angle of pink solids.

In most, the officers were young, only in several Inem Belala

sedina. One, wounded in the leg, has passed, his pushing butt in the back

little big and row Cossack. Almost near Chernets

high brave Esaul. Two hands (one - Horounjium, the other - Sotnik)

walked smiling; Behind them, without a hat, curly and broad-handed, went junker. On the

one was a single sintel with emers, sewn

to death Another walked without a hat, having sunbathe on black female beautiful eyes

red officer bars; The wind rolled the ends of the Bolka on his shoulders.

Golubov rode behind.

Pasting, he shouted the Cossacks:

Listen here! .. For the safety of the prisoners you are responsible for all rigors

military revolutionary time! To bring to the headquarters safe!

He called one of the equestrian Cossacks, sketched, sitting on the saddle, note:

cuting it, handed over the Cossack:

Download! Give it a subtletie.

Turning to Gregory, asked:

Will you go there, Melekhov?

Having received an affirmative answer, Golubov stood with Gregory, said:

Tell the subtle that Chernetskova I take on the bars! Understood? .. Well, so

pass. Drive.

Grigory, ahead of the crowd of prisoners, rushed to the headquarters of the Rev., who stood in

the field is not far from some farm. Near the wide Tavrician Taganka, with

frozen wheels and a machine gun, covered with a green case, followed by subelings.

Immediately, tapping with heels, the staffs were trampled, weaving, several

officers and the Cossacks are orders. Minaev only recently, like the subtlets,

returned from the chain. Sitting on goats, he bite white, frozen bread, with

crunch chewed.

Podlekov! - Grigory drove away. - Now come prisoners.

Did you read the note of Gupov?

Sublims with force waved his lamb; dropping low lower pupils,

breaking blood, shouted:

I don't care about Golubova! .. I never know why he wants! On the guy to him

Chernetskova, this robber and counter-revolutionary? .. I will not give! .. shoot

all of them - and Basta!

Golubov said he takes him on the bars.

I will not give! .. It is said: I will not give! Well, and that's it! Revolutionary court to judge him

and without delay to punish. So that others have been unwritten! .. You know, -

already calm, he said, sharply peering into the approaching crowd

captive, - Do you know how much blood he has released on white light? Sea!..

How many miners did he translate? .. - And again, boiling with rabies, fiero

ricked out his eyes: - I will not give! ..

There is nothing to yell! - Rose and Gregory Voice: He trembled everything

inside, the rabies of the subtlety as if he was given to him. - You have a lot here

judges! You go there! - trembling nostrils, he pointed back ... - And above

captive you many managers!

The subtlets departed, lumpy in the hands of the beach. Missed shouted:

I was there! Do not think that she was saved in Tachanka. And you, Melekhov, Sorry

take! .. I understand? .. Who are you going to you? .. so! .. Officers

clean! The rhombus judges, not everyone ...

Grigory touched a horse to him, jumped, forgetting about the wound, from the saddle and,

painful pain, fell back ... From the wound, burning, the blood stalled.

He rose without any assistance, somehow doking to the Tachanka,

passed sideways to the rear springs.

Captured came. Part of the hiking convoy mixed with the orders and

cossacks, former headquarters. Cossacks have not been cooled from the battle,

trimmed and evil brilliantly eyes, shut off the comments about

detales and outcome battle.

Podlekov, heavily stepping on the falling snow, walked over to the prisoner.

Standing ahead of all Chernets looked at him, contemptuously pussy

desperate eyes; ragged to the left leg, having shook it, pressed white

hacking the upper teeth climbed from the inside the pink lip. Subtlets.

it approaches it to the emphasis. He was all trembling, the unsighted eyes were crawled by

expanded snow, rising, crossed with fearless, despised

chernetskov's glance and climbed his hate him.

Caught ... Gad! - a bubbling low voice said the subelts and stepped

step back; The cheeks with a saber blow was a smile curve.

Cossacks! Scoundrel! Traitor! - Through the arted teeth

clemented Chernetsov.

The sublims were winding his head, as if evading slapbed, - Chernell in

the cheekbooks opened by the mouth of Khlipko sucking the air.

The subsequent played with amazing speed. Crammed

bad Chernetsov, clinging to the chest fists, all leaning forward, walked

on the subtlety. From his lips, reduced convulsion, scabed with vague,

mixed with Maternaya Swear Words. What he said - heard one

slowly instigated subelts.

You will have you ... Do you know? - dramatically raised Chernets voice.

These words were heard and captive officers, and convoy, and staff.

But oh-oh ... - as strangled, stuck the fellows, throwing his hand on the Ephesus

checkers.

Immediately became quiet. Snow squeezed clear under Minaev's boots,

Krivoshlikov and several more people who rushed to the subtitude. But he

ahead of them; all the corps turning to the right, squeezing, pulled out of the sheath

a checker and falling downwards, with a terrible force rank Chernetskova

head.

Grigory saw Chernetsov, drrinking, raised her left hand over his head,

managed to depart from the blow; saw the angle broken the sawed brush

and the checker silently collapsed on Chernetskov's head thrown back. First

fallen dad, and then, as if reserved in the stem of the spike, slowly

chernets fell, with a strangely twisting mouth and painfully clumsy,

crushed as from lightning, eyes.

The fellows ran out him again, departed aged high-speed gait,

the move wiping the slopes of the checkers, wormless blood.

Pressing about Tachanka, he turned to the convoy, shouted exhausted

Ruby and-and them ... such a mother !! All! .. Now there is no prisoners ... in the blood, in the heart !!

Forestly caught shots. Officers, faced, rushed

swiss. Lieuner with beautiful female eyes, in a red officer

bolsheka, ran, grabbed his head with his hands. The bullet forced him to high

as if through the barrier, jump. He fell - and no longer rose. High

brava Esaul fell in two. He was enough for the blades of checkers, with cut

palms poured on his sleeves; He shouted like a child - fell on

knees, on the back, rolled through the snow head; on the face we visited some

blood-eyed eyes and black mouth drilled with a solid cry. On face

hesitated his take-off checkers, in the black mouth, and he still shouted

torn off the hlystik, finished it with a shot. Curly Juncker almost

broke through the chain - he was overtaking and killed some kind of blow to the head

atamanets. The same Ataman was driving a bullet between the blades by the centurion who fled to

schinel flies dropped from wind. Sotnik sat down and until scraper

following your chest until died. Sedistered podeshaul killed on the spot;

parting with life, he knocked out his feet in the snow deep hole and still beat,

as a good horse on the leash, if they did not finish his squeezed Cossacks.

Gregory at the first moment, as soon as the restraced began, broke away from

tachacani - not taking away from the subtletail of the poles of the eye, lame, quickly

slised to him. From behind, he grabbed Minaev across, - breaking, turning

hands, took a nagan and, looking into the eyes in the eyes, choking,

asked:

And you thought - how? Or they us, or we are them! Horses not!

1. What is the motivated behavior of the heroes?

2. As depicted in this scene of subtilities and Chernets?

3. Why does Sholokhov give a detailed description of the appearance of executive white officers?

4. What does Grigory feel after the violence over white officers?

Analysis of the episode "Execution of the subtlekov and its detachment" (Ch.5, Gl.30)

An analyzed episode is one of the key to understanding the ideological content of the novel M.Sholokhov "Quiet Don". The most important problem is connected with this episode - the problem of humanism, the problem of human moral responsibility for their actions.

Gregory Melekhov, swaying through the stronghold of the crowd, went to the farm and face to face collided with subtelkov. He, retreating, squinted:

- And you here, Melekhov?

A blurry pouring cheeks Grigory, he stopped:

- Here. As you see…

- I see ... - Especially smiled by subelts, looking at his whitish face. - What, shoot your brothers? Wrapped? .. What are you? What ... - He, closely moved to Gregory, whispered: - And you serve our and yours? Who will give? Oh you!..

Gregory caught his sleeve, asked, choking:

- Do you remember deep battle? Remember how officers fired ... At your order they shot! BUT? Terecherich you jump off! Well, not the tales! Not one other people's skins dug! You, ceremony, Cossacks sold out! Clear? Ischo say?

Christonia, hugging, took away the steaming Gregory aside.

- Let's go, began to be to horses. Go! We have nothing to do with you here. Lord Bick, what is being done with people! ..

They went, then stopped, having walked the voice of the subtlekov. Distressed by front-line and old people, he shouted with a high passionate voice:

- Dark you ... blind! Slepts you! The officer wound you, forced blood brothers to kill! Do you think you beat us, so it will end? Not! Now your top, and tomorrow you will be shot! Soviet power will be established throughout Russia. Here you will remove my words! In vain, blood is someone else's pour! Stupid you people!

1. How does Grigory Podtelkov perceive the execution?

2. Why does Grigory leave from the square, where the subtelkov execute?

3. What is the similarity of this scene with the scene of the cakes over Chernetovtsy?

4. What is the meaning of such a mirror reflection of scenes?

(The power of class hostility and hatred, which divided the Cossacks on Don was clearly shown in the scene of the subtlet bowls over Chernetovski near the deep beam, which divided the Cossacks on Don. Gregory is carefully peering at the faces of the officers shot (for him they are primarily not enemies, and living people). As a fair Karu of God for all the evil, which he causing to others. ("Remember how officers were shooting in the beam? At your order were shooting! And? Terecherich is playing for you!") But leaves from the square because it is disgusting for the unarmed people It is contracted by his nature. Grigory is lost, crushed psychologically. Everywhere - White Lee, in Red Lie - deception, wildness, cruelty, which is not justification. The war corrupts people, provokes them to such actions that a person would never have committed themselves . From episode to episode, an internal tragic inconsistency of the aspirations of Gregory and his surrounding life is growing. A person is delivered in the inevitable, terrible. I have to make a choice for yourself, he himself solve his fate. The Hero of the novel, having made it seemingly monstrous murders and atrocities, ultimately remains a person in the full sense of the word. He is still able to make good, disinterested, noble deeds).

Output: "When is the civil war over your textbooks? In the 20th? No, my dear, she is still going. Tools are different. And do not think that it will end soon "... This characteristic of the Sholokhov time of the revolution and the Civil War on the very end of his life helps it best to understand the depth plan of the" quiet don ". The bitter words of Sholokhov about the fault in the life of the people who identify his troubles and suffering for many decades, detect the very essence of this great work, called the people to national unity.

Song Song I.Thalkov "Former Podaeth"

The task: While sounds song I.Thalkov, write Syquewin on the topic "War"

(Sikwain - A short literary product characterizing the subject (topic) consisting of five lines, which is written according to a certain plan:

1 line - one word. The name of the poem, usually noun.

2 row - two words (adjectives or communion). Description of the topic.

3 Row - Three words (verbs). Actions related to the topic.

4 Line - Four words - offer. The phrase that shows the attitude of the author to the topic.

5 row - one word. As a rule, this is an association that repeats the essence of the theme, usually noun.)

Shot by security officers of the prisoners of Cossack officers on Don

They were handed shovels, the graves of them ordered.

Kochena from the cold, near the convoy.

Young officers blindflakes knit.

I read the sentence to the doomed cheekyman.

The crosses were disappeared with them, straps cut off their knives.

Machine-gun tape burned a machine gun per minute.

And the Latvian arrows, finishing, did not regret the cartridges.

The proletarian lead killed and the stomach, and in the temple.

And there were golden straps on earth remained on earth,

Boots of crosses officer Vtopstan in dirt.

And the hot cartridge sleeves are not cooled,

But life is over, between the past and the future connection.

And remained in the grave of courage and the glory of Russia,

Jesus children are great, crucified country,

Young, beautiful, bold, smart, strong,

Blinded by the rage of the Russian civil war.

And in the morning with heaven of blue stars fell bright,

And over a fraternal grave, wormwood

Pots hungry leafali, black crows Karkali.

Washed Rosoy Bloody Crimean Xin ...

Excerpt from the autobiographical story R. B.gul "Ice Hike with Cornilov"

Chapter. Spraul over the prisoners.

"Captive.
They will overtake the lieutenant colonel of the neurons, jumping to us, stopped - under it there is a mouse color of the mare.
"Waning to violence!" - he shouts.
"What is? - I think I. - Execution? Really?" Yes, I realized: execution, these are 50-60 people, with heads lowered and hands.
I looked around my officers.
"Suddenly no one will go?" - I swept with me.
No, come out of the ranks. Some embarrassed smiling, some with fierce faces.
Fifteen people came out. Go to standing bunch of unfamiliar people and click the shutters.
Passed a minute.
Freamel: pl! ... dry cracks shots, screams, moans ...
People fell on each other, and the steps from ten, tightly shook in the rifles and putting the legs, they shot them, hurriedly by shutters. Everything fell. Small blocks moans. Smallkley shots. Some smoking managed.
Some, on the contrary, fit and finished the bayonets and butts of still alive.
Here it is, genuine civil war ...
Near me - a personnel headquarters, his face is like a bit. "Well, if I'm shifting, everything will be standing on us," he mumble quietly.
The executive officers approached.
Persons them are pale. Many roam unnatural smiles, as if asking: Well, how do you look at us?
"But how much I know! Maybe this bastard of my loved ones in Rostov has shot!" "He says, answering someone who shot an officer."

In the poem M.Voloshina, written in 1918, there are such lines: "I stand alone between them in the roaring of flames and smoke, and I pray for those for those for those and for others." Which side, in your opinion, the sympathy of the author of the poem "Execution"? Agregate your answer.

_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

From the review of the poet Alexei Surkov about the Roman M.Sholokhova "Quiet Don":

"... Sasha Busygin pretty thoroughly questioned the question of the question, the proletarian or unpole work" Quiet Don "... It seems to me that Sholokhov" Silent Don "wanted to do undoubtedly by our proletarian work, but objectively, regardless of the subjective desire for Sholokhov , the work turned out to be unpolesed ... The poor Cossack part represented by Michemus Koshev, it is so poor internally that you immediately feel, with what a bell tower is looking at the Don step by the author. This provision is even more aggravated by the fact that the entire wealthy part of this very Don Cossacks is that most of the White Guard heroes, most officers, anyway affected Sholokhov - they look, despite the fact that they are hostile to us, they look, in terms of The author is crystal ideological, clean people ... It turns out such a position that Sholokhov in a romantic form, as Shulgin makes it, tries to present the White Guard Guard ... "Silent Don" has not yet ended. But Bunchuk, whom Sholokhov put on high romantic stupid, he already threatened with the height. The whole poor part of the village fell out of the focus of Sholokhov ... Sholokhov does not constitute the aspirations of the city of Donsky, no aspirations of low-power Cossacks. This is a representative of the full-blooded owner, strong, wealthy Cossacks. "

Why is the poet A.Surkov convinced that Roman M.Sholokhova "Quiet Don" is not a proletarian work?

______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Easter 1918 came on May 11 and it was on this day that the white Cossacks killed 82 podnickers who supported Soviet power. After the shooting, in which the leaders of the Red Cossacks of the Dames and Spiridonov died on the Don, a fratricidal war came, and mass executions produced by the Cossacks over the Cossacks have ceased to surprise anyone. The episode of the "bloody Easter" of 1918 is described in detail in the novel "Silent Don".

Bon

The end of winter and spring of 1918 became a turning point and tragic for don time, which determined the future of the chance of the Cossacks in history. In February 1914, Ataman Kalidin was shot dead and already on April 24 and 25, the Reds took red, and then Novocherkassk.

On March 23, the Decree of the Don Regional Military Revolutionary Committee (VRK) proclaimed the Don Soviet Republic. A month later, the Congress of the Councils of Workers and Cossack deputies of the New Republic was opened in Rostov. The Chairman and Commissioner responsible for hostilities elected Fedor Podtelkov.

On the same days, General Laurus Kornilov dies under Ekaterinodar, and the volunteer army turns to the Don. The Germans refused to comply with the Brest world and introduced their troops to the Don region, and they occupied Rostov to May.

On May 1, for mobilization in the revolutionary army of the Cossacks in order to fight against the Belarusians and Germans, the detachment of a hundred saber is recovered on the top don. At the head of the mobilization unit, subelkov and krivoshlikov were appointed - head of the Don Revolutionary Committee.

Private subtelkov

On May 10, in one of the farms, a detachment detachment and Krivoshlikov was surrounded by white-facasters. It turned out that the enemies of the revolution commanded the old colleague of the red commander, the Cossack of Spiridonov. After the dawn of the female and Spiridonov, one on one met on the old Kurgan near the farm, and the hurrying Cossacks were waiting for his foot. Speaking as Spiridonov spoke later: "About the past" commanders were separated.

In the afternoon there was a short fight, and demoralized red Cossacks surrendered to their countrymen, captured and fell and felling. For the trial of the apostates in the village of Krasnokutskaya and Milyutinskaya, sent over the elders, who became the judges.

Court over the Red Cossacks

The court walked at night and without the presence of the defendants. Of the 82 red Cossacks, 79 should be shown, and one let go. Podelkov and Krivoshlikov as the leaders of the detachment were going to hang. The hard sentence of the judge was impressed by the Sotnik Afanasia Popov, who said that the defendants betrayed Don and turned the weapons against their own brothers.

The main fault of Fedor Podtelkov for the Cossacks was the murder of the symbol of the Don Counterrency of Colonel Vasily Chernetov. According to the memories of eyewitnesses after the wounded Chernetskov issued his own single-albaters, the subttake began verbally mock him. After the hit, the colonel could not stand the colonel and tried to shoot a subtelle from a small pistol Browning, which he hid in a sermon. The weapon gave a mischief, and Chernetskov shoved the sublims, leaving his dead body lying in the steppe.

Casman

The execution fell on Saturday with bright weeks and in pre-revolutionary Russia, and especially on Don this holiday was particularly revered. According to his case, execution was not conducted and the emperor often gave amnesty to prisoners. Did not believe in the execution and the Cossacks themselves. According to eyewitness evidents, the rabbits from neighboring farms were in a hurry in Ponomarev, fearing that the "subtleties" and their judge in the sign of reconciliation and the holiday will come with the whole moonshine without them.

However, the court decision was different. In the eyes of the gathered Cossacks and old people, a penalty occurred, after which the way back was not there. The direct participant of those events of the Cossack Alexander Senin, who led the guard on this day, so described the behavior of the subtelkov: "Of all the dead, the comrade of the festivals kept himself and heroically. On the eve of death, he asked something to say. He was allowed. He spoke about the revolution, her meaning, that she still, in the end, must defeat, and died with words about the revolution. " Already with a feet thrown on the neck, the subtlets shouted: "Do not return to the old old one!".

vladimir Kalashnikov

The tragedy of quiet dona

Shown recently on the TV channel "Russia" New film Sergey Ursulak "Quiet Don" based on the Roman Mikhail Sholokhov Returns us to the events of the Civil War, reminding of its huge price and importance to protect civil peace and consent.

For Russia today is an urgent topic. It was not by chance that she became central in the recent presidential message Vladimir Putin. But with one calls, civil consent cannot be provided: the lessons of the history of Russia began the beginning of the twentieth century.

About the film and the novel

"Silent Don" is the most amazing novel about the civil war, and I decided to see it in advance how modern director will be present. It was a fear that Sergey Ursulak will give a tribute to political conjuncture and laid the blame for the fratricidal conflict on the Bolsheviks, thereby distorting the essence of the novel.

The motive of the guilt of the Bolsheviks in the film is present, but filed with a counterweight. Two figures personify the extremes of conflict. On the one hand, this is a teddy bear who kills the surrendered Peter Melekhov, the harmless deep old old Korshun, and then burns the houses of the rich Cossacks. The director is attracted by the viewer's attention to the image of a cat with a burning torch in his hand in the center of the blazing houses. On the other hand, it is Mitka Korshunov, the son of the first rich on the farm Tatar, brutally killing the family of Koshoy (mother and young children). The cruelty of these actions does not find justification. Film leitmotif: Emotional condemnation of the Civil War, which carries the grief to everyone.

Sholokhov in the novel, this thought is central, but it is filed in the context, which in the film Ursulak is absent.

The writing of the writer is not simple and is not unequivocal. He is on the side of the red, but showed the tragedy of Don from the Cossack side, separating the Cossacks from white, and the Cossack-worker - from the Cossack top. The novel was written for his time for his reader. Many readers participated in the Civil War and saw in the Don Cossacks those who most of the front were on the other side of the front. And it was so. In the summer - in the fall of 1918, about 20% of the Don Cossacks fought for the Reds, the rest - for whites. And the most red and white died on Don.

Sholokhov wanted not to justify, but explain and cause sympathy for ordinary Cossacks who fell into the epicenter of the Civil War.

And it was difficult to do it. Antpare moods had deep roots. In Russia, they remembered 1905, when the Cossacks acted as an Ochrichnikov: they beat the Nagayki strikeing workers, the strokes and shot the peasants who rebuilt against the landowners. Remember the events of the summer - the autumn of 1917, when almost all Cossack shelves were used to combat peasant "riots" in the rear and "unrest" of the soldiers' parts at the front. The peasants of the southern provinces of Russia were particularly well remembered by robberies and violence that the Cossacks revenge with each occurrence in 1918 and 1919. Knowing it, Sholokhov wanted to show that the war was terrible and for the Cossacks that the red on the Don also worked violence. Often, the writer depicted red in a more unsightly light than the Cossacks, striving to balance the propaganda active antpara. The sources used by the writer: Don newspapers and magazines of that time, the stories of the Cossacks, diaries and memories of the Don Intelligentsia were played.

The intention of Sholokhov gave rise to criticism against the writer and difficulties in the publication of the third volume of Roman. He was printed only after the direct instructions of Stalin, who considered that, in general, the novel "works for us to revolution." And for the time and that mass reader Stalin was right.

Ursulaka's film was created in an era, when many viewers Roman Sholokhov did not read about the events of the civil war they know little, and the sources of these knowledge can be the most different. Unlike the novel, the overall historical background in the film is served by Skupor, and the actions of the heroes of the film leak out from local events and are motivated.

In such a situation, separate episodes from the novel Sholokhov, reproduced in the film, no longer give the effect to which Stalin counted. Rather, for many viewers, the effect was reverse. Not by chance, many representatives of the older generation rated the film Ursulak as a direct distortion of the essence of the novel, as the implementation of the social order. You can agree with this and you can argue.

Our task is different - show some important features of the era, against the background of which the events of the novel and the film unfolded. Perhaps this will allow more objectively to evaluate what we have seen on the screen.

About Don land:
Cossacks and peasants

The main conflict on Don ran not within the Cossack class, but between the Cossacks and the peasants. Intradinary conflict was secondary, less acute, which forced many Cossacks to throw from side aside, as shown in the image of Grigory Melekhov. In the film, the peasants are mentioned, but glimpse, remain as if behind the brackets. But without showing the peasant truth of Cossack, the truth becomes one-sided.

It comes down to a monologue of Rich Miron Korshun that he worked all his life and does not want to be equalized with the one, "What a finger did not drive, to get out of the need." And what about those who worked even more than Miron, but did not come out of need? There were most such things on Don.

By 1917, the Cossacks amounted to approximately 43% of the population of the Donskoy region (1.5 million out of 4 million), but on the Men's soul, the Cossacks there were 12.8 decishes of arable land and other land. Don native peasants (0.9 million, former serfs of local landlords) had 1.25 decishes of land on the men's soul. The so-called non-resident peasants (1.12 million people who arrived at DON after the cancellation of serfdom in 1861) almost did not have land, rented it or worked with bathers (0.06 testers of their rented land on the men's soul). Donskoy's army owned 83.5% of all lands of the region, while the indigenous and non-resident peasants belonged only 10% of the Earth.

Among the Cossacks dominated the middle peasants - 51.6% of farms. The prosperity was 23.8%, the poor, 24.6%.

After the February Revolution, the Russian peasantry, including Donskoy, performed for the equalistic redistribution of the entire Earth. Seeing this danger, the Cossack Congress of the area of \u200b\u200bDonskoy's troops Already in April 1917, he considered the plans for entering the indigenous peasants of the land at the expense of the landowners who owned about 1 million tents on the Don, as well as plans for transferring to peasants from the part of the land land (2 million dec.). These plans did not remove the problems of nonresident and remained on paper. The Cossacks did not hurry the earth. Taking into account the military force of the Cossack, it was clear that the land question on the Don is fraught with a bloody war.

Lenin, understanding this, already in the decree of the land offered a compromise, adding the last line to the Socialist project, compiled on the basis of peasant orders: "Earth ... Non-obedient Cossacks are not confiscated." It was a course to carry out agrarian reform on the Don only due to the withdrawal of surplus land among rich Cossacks and the avoidance of war.

Ataman Kalten

However, the proposed compromise of the Cossack top did not fit. The issue of land in the film is discussed in the Dialogue of Grigory and his father. The son says that the native peasants should be given to the Earth. Father is categorically against. It is clear that not the pants of Melekhov began a civil war. Her starts of the Cossack Top, making middle peasants with hostages of his politics. The position of the Cossack tops is an important initial moment of the tragedy. In the film, this topic is practically not present.

And it was so. After October, Don Ataman Kalled immediately announced the refusal to recognize the power of the Soviets and announced the Don Region independent before the formation of legitimate power, acceptable to the Cossacks. Ataman tried to send several Cossack regiments to Moscow, but ordinary Cossacks did not want to fight with the Soviet government.

Seeing the position of the Cossacks, at the end of November, workers of Rostov and the Miner's settlements of the Eastern Donbass proclaimed the Soviet government. Cossacks to go to Rostov refused. Kalylin received help from General M. V. Alekseev, the former commander-in-chief of the Russian army, which arrived at the Don to collect the army and lead it to Moscow and Peter. About 500 officers and junkers who came to Don on the call of Alekseev, defeated the workers of Rostov, shot 62 captured workers of the Red Guards. In December, Kaldenins shot 73 captive miners of the Yasinovsky mine, trying to defend their advice. These were the first mass executions on Don.

Petrograd sent to Don troops to suppress Kaldenian counterrevolution. Alekseyevtsy, who was now headed by the general of L. Kornilov to help the Kaluedin. Alekseevskaya organization increased to 3 thousand and became known as the "volunteer army". In the battles near Rostov, Kornilov issued an order: the captives did not take, which led to the further increase in mutual fierce. Cruelty did not help, and rootilov, fleeing from the complete defeat, left Rostov at the end of January and carried his squad into Kuban, where he died with an unsuccessful storming of Ekaterinodar. In the film, Kornilovtsy are not shown.

The troops of the Cavatska intelligentsia, from which the Esaula detachment was distinguished, who was allocated, consisting mainly from the Don Junkers and Students and Students. On January 17, 1918, Chernetskov's squad attacked Kamenskaya Stanitsa, where he sentenced the front-line converge, created by the congress of front-line Cossacks as an alternative to the Government of Kaluedin. Kalled joined the convergence to the negotiations, and secretly threw Chernetskov secretly to the Kamensky squad. In these January days, Chernetov's detachment and sent to helping the company Cornilov officers shot more than 300 redarmeys who were captured during the battle. However, on January 21, Chernetov's squad was divided.

January 29, 1918 Ataman Kalden, finding that all 147 Cossacks are ready to defend his government, shot himself.

Soon the Soviet government was established on Don.

Chernetsov and subtlekov

Let's go back to the novel and the film and see how the events of the Kaldenian period are reflected in them. In the novel, Sholokhov spoke that it was Kalled who sent Cossacks and Alekseevtsev in the mining of workers of Rostov and advice in the mining villages, and then reproduced the version that Don newspapers reported on the anniversary of the dedication of Chernetov's dedication. Then the White dominated on Don, and Chernetov's solemn reboot was arranged. According to this version, the chairman of the Denrevkom F. Podtelkov, as Denikin wrote, "After the wild abuse, Chernetov drove" and ordered 40 officers of his squad. No other details were reported. Sholokhov The whole tragic scene described in the novel, invented, seeking to show the cruelty of the civil war.

Ursulak exactly at Sholokhov reproduced this episode and made it central in the series, which falls on the Kaldenian period.

And in the next series of the execution of the subtlety and its detachment is served as a retribution for the murder of Chernetsov and his officers. Gregory Melekhov directly says this subtelkov.

However, the real circumstances of the death of Chernetskov were different. Chernetovtsy wrote about them in emigration, many of which turn out to be alive. Three dozen captives Chernetovtsev, sent to the rear, accompanied by a small convoy, due to the unexpected appearance of the armored train were able to run away from a confused convoy. 15 people at the same night reached their own, 5 were captured by convoy and delivered to the village. The fate of the rest is unknown. Chernets fled, but soon he was issued and again fell into the hands of the subtlekov. With arrest, he was not searched, and at a convenient moment Chernets snatched a small gun and focused to the subtelkov. But there was a mischief or in the trunk of a pistol was not a cartridge. The subelts snatched the checker and drove Chernetsov, without waiting for the second shot. And the teams of the captured Chernetovtsev, the head of the day, did not give.

On this background, the penalty of the subtlekov does not look well-deserved retribution for massacre over 40 prison officers, which was not.

Having made an episode with a central violence over Chernetsk residents, the director would be unwittingly or involuntarily guilty for the beginning of terror laid not on the cauldensers, but on the Red Cossacks.

Sholokhov has no such accent, although he does not take responsibility with a subtlety for the executions of the active caledensers who were held in Rostov and Novocherkassk in February immediately after their capture red. But this was revenge for the shifted prisoners of the Red Guards, workers and miners.

* * *

The fight against Caledin was the most acute and long phase of the civil confrontation, which took place in Russia from October 1917. Until spring 1918, in other regions, the power of the Soviets was established peacefully or with a minor resistance of its opponents.

After taking the Red Rostov, Lenin believed that civil war in Russia was over.

There was hope and that the world will be established on the Don, although there was already shed the greatest blood.

This and other articles can you discuss and comment in our group

Skopina Olga © IA Red Spring

May 11 marks 100 years from the date of reprisals with the Commission of the Don Soviet Republic. At the end of April 1918, an expedition was sent to the north of the region to the North of the Region, for the mobilization of Verkhnedon Cossacks. It was necessary to form detachments to render the Germans who were already approached by Rostov. The counter-revolutionary Cossacks initially captured the Commission headed by members of the Military Revolutionary Committee of the Republic of Fedor, Adodelkov and Mikhail Krivyshlock. And then executed almost all expedition participants.

Anniversary of the events led to a sharp aggravation between red and white, unfortunately, in the region remained almost unnoticed. Memorable events were planned only on the site of the execution of the members of the detachment - in Kashhar district. The regional authorities actually ignored the century of one of the key episodes of the civil war on Don. Almost forgotten about the anniversary and the Cossacks. Meanwhile, this story is worth remembering.

The first post-revolutionary months on Don

By 1917, Done's population was very inhomogeneously. Cossacks, which made about 40% of the population of the region, belonged to more than 80% of the Earth. In addition, the Cossack urgently used by other privileges, for example, did not pay taxes. All this led to a big tension between the Cossacks and the "non-resident" (to which the population of Don) attributed to all the non-Zacaches). The Cossacks itself were also not monolith - the poor and "middle peasants" had great claims to the Cossack top. This tangle contradictions largely predetermined the future difficult fate of the region.

After the Great October Revolution, an active political confrontation between the Rostov Council and the military government of Ataman Kaltedina, meeting in Novocherkassk, began on Don. The aggravation quickly reached sluggish fighting. At the end of November, the detachment of the Cossacks and Junckers defeated the premises of the Rostov Council, killing several Red Guards. White partisan detachments began to operate. They were opposed to individual parts of the Red Guards. The main mass of the Cossacks, just recently returned from the front, kept neutrality.

But 10 (23) January in the village of Kamenskaya was the congress of front-line Cossacks. At first, the congress did not have a certain political orientation. But as soon as it became known about the telegram of the Don Government with the order to overclock the congress and arrest the gathered, the mood of the delegates has changed. The proposal of the ensign worker Mikhail Krivoshlikov declare Congress by the revolutionary authority in the area supported all those present. Congress delegates elected Donskaya Cossack Military Revolutionary Committee (VRC). It should be noted that out of 15 VRK members only three were Bolsheviks. The Chairman was chosen by Fedor of the villas, the secretary - Mikhail Krivoshlykov.

Podlekov and Krivoshlikov

Fedor Grigorievich Vodotelkov was born in the farm of the Krutovskoye Ust-Khoper's village of Ust-Medvedetsky district in the family of the poor Cossack in 1886. From 1909 served in the Life Guards artillery, which was part of the protection of the emperor. Fucked in the First World War, he served before the coinage. After the February Revolution began to take an active part in the political life of the regiment, conducted agitation for the Soviet power.

Mikhail Vasilyevich Krivoshlikov was born in the farm Ushakov Elansky village of the Donetsk district in the family of the Blacksmith in 1894. In 1909 he entered the Don Agricultural School, located near Novocherkasska. After the release from the school worked as an agronomist. With the beginning of the First World War was called up to the army. By 1917 he had served before the ensign and the post of commander hundreds. After the February Revolution, the Chairman of the Regimental Committee was elected chairman of the Division Committee. In May 1917, he was sent by a delegate from the village of Elansky to the military Cossack circle, where he made a sharp criticism of the candidate for the Ataman of General Kalian. It was one of the organizers of the congress of front-line Cossacks in Kamenskaya.

Actions in VRK

On January 15, the delegates of the Committee put forward the Ultimatum to the Don Government, in which they proposed to recognize the power of VRK and fold the powers. The Kaluedin government responded with refusal. The situation of dvoevsty was established in the region. On January 20, a decisive battle was held: the forces of the revolutionary Cossacks under the station was deeply broken down by one of the most combat-ready units of Atamanians - the detachment of Colonel Chernetsov. Vasily Chernetsov himself, together with part of his detachment, was captured.

What exactly happened during the conventionation of the prisoners is unknown. According to the most common version (confirmed, including those who saved by the fighters of his squad), Chernetsov attacked the commander of the Konvoe Subtölkov. In response to the attack, the Chairman of the DVR borrowed the colonel, the prisoners rushed into the loose. Some of them were shot by trying to escape, others managed to hide. Subsequently, it was this event that was one of the main charges against Podtölkov.

Red continued offensive. On January 29, Ataman Kalled convened an emergency meeting of the government, which stated: "The population not only does not support us, but also configured to us hostile". He recognized the meaninglessness of further resistance and has arisen the powers of Ataman and the Chairman of the Government. In the evening of the same day, General Kalins shot himself. The Don Government headed Ataman Nazarov, but he could not raise the Cossacks on the fight against Soviet power. On April 1, Novocherkassk took the Cossack squad Golubov, who dispersed the military circle. Small white troops retreated into the Salse steppes.

On March 23, VRK announced the creation "Independent Don Soviet Republic in a blood connection with the Russian Soviet Republic". It should be noted that the Central Soviet government did not object to autonomy in principle. Lenin wrote on February 28: "Against the autonomy of the Don Region, I have nothing ... Let the Plenipotentiary Congress of the Urban and Rural Councils of the Over the Don Region, will work out its agricultural bill and submit to the approval of the Council of Europe ...".

The Chairman of the Council of People's Commissar and the Military Commissioner of the Republic became Fedor Adodels. Mikhail Krivoshlikov took the position of Commissioner for Management Affairs. From April 22 to April 27, the first congress of the Councils of Workers and Cossack deputies of the Don Republic was held in Rostov, which attended 713 delegates. The congress confirmed the powers of the Commissioners, recognized the Brest peace treaty and held elections to the Central Executive Committee of the Republic.

Mobilization Commission

However, not the whole population of the region recognized Soviet power. The remains of the Don Government raised the Cossacks on metries. The situation was aggravated by the fact that the region was approached by German troops. The leadership of the republic sent a delegation to the Germans and tried to convince them to comply with the conditions of a peace treaty, according to which the Germans had no right to occupy the Don region. However, negotiations were not crowned with success, and at the end of April, German troops invaded the territory of the republic.

The appeal of the republican authorities with a call to the population to defend don and the revolution from the invaders did not have much success. Red troops continued to retreat under the pressure of the invaders. It was decided to send a mobilization commission to the northern Don district for a set of volunteers to combat the Germans and strengthening local authorities.

The head of the expedition was appointed subwers, commissioner - krivoshlikov. The commission provided 10 million royal money, and on April 30, a detachment of about 120 people left Rostov. But the goal is to achieve and failed. As you move to the north of the region, the detachment faced with an increasing resistance of the population, desertion began. On May 10, the expedition was surrounded by superior forces of counter-revolutionary Cossacks. Members of the Mobilization Commission surrendered to the promise of personal integrity and returning weapons after transportation in the village of Krasnokutskaya.

But contrary to promises, the prisoners were delivered only to the Ponomarev's farm, where the day the White was collected by the court who had to solve the fate of the detachment. Despite the fact that the expedition did not commit any violent actions, the court directed by the Cossack officers, decided to shoot the surrendered Cossacks, and the leaders of the detachment - Subtölkov and Krivoshlikov to hang. Only one of about 80 captured court let go. The severity of the sentence struck not only members of the expedition, but also many of their opponents. The disappearance was appointed the next day. The situation was aggravated by the fact that it was a pre-sabot, and for many Cossacks, the thought of execution on the eve of the Holy Holiday was Kramolna.

Casman

Nevertheless, the execution team was formed, and the execution took place on May 11. Part of the population of the farm (mostly non-resident) did not want to go to look at the violence, but the Stannel Board sent equestrian connectors along the streets, which actually drove the inhabitants of the execution. According to eyewitnesses, except prisoners, for sympathy for the convicts of Kaznili and the local resident of Mikhail Lukina.

The detachment leaders were executed alone among the latter, and during the expectation of execution they tried to encourage fellow comrades. Fedor adjusted several times several times toward the crowd of the audience and tried to convince the gathered. Mikhail Krivoshlikov, Mikhail Krivoshlikov, wrote a short letter to his relative, who agreed to convey one of the Cossacks watching the penalty: "Daddy, Mom, Grandpa, Grandfather, Natasha, Vanya and all relatives! I went to fight for the truth to the end. Taking captured, we were deceived and kill disarmed. But you do not flaw, do not cry. I am dying and believe that the truth will not be killed, and our suffering will be bored with blood ... Forgive forever! Loving you Misha. P.S. Dad! When everything comes, write a letter to my bride: the village of Wolf Poltava province, Stepanida Stepanne Samoilenko. Write that I could not fulfill the promise to meet her ".

During the execution of the Khutorovsky teacher managed to make photos of the squad leaders. The photo has been preserved and currently located in the Museum of Podtölkov and Krivoshlikov in the farm Ponomarev.

According to eyewitnesses, the heights himself put a loop on her neck and before his stool knocked out from under his feet, cried out, turning to the Cossacks: "ONLY ONLY: I will not abreate to the old one ...". Krivošlikov, during the execution a lot worried, and incoherently said that the Bolshevism was living, and they themselves die as the first Christian martyrs, with faith that their business was not died.

Consequences of reprisals

The execution of Participants of the expedition subtölkov became one of the key events in inciting civil war on Don. Combat collisions between red and white occurred before, but such a massive disappearance without the investigation took place for the first time. The execution of the subtelkovsky laid the beginning of the practice of a massive political anti-Soviet terror on Don, which was then continued during the reign of Ataman Krasnov. Such a cruel and disadvantaged court could not help but cause a response from supporters of the Don Soviet Republic, who wanted to take revenge on the Cossacks for executed comrades.

By mid-May, the position of the Don Republic became catastrophic: Rostov and Taganrog were occupied by the Germans, Novocherkassk and most of the territories of the region were controlled by their ally Krasnov. In fact, the republic has already ceased to exist by the summer, it was formally abolished on September 30.

In the future, the Soviet power returned to the Don in early 1919, and the former guide of the DSR, from which, in many respects, the Don Bureau of the Central Committee of the RCP (b) was made for conducting an extremely tough policy regarding the Cossacks. There is every reason to assume that one of their motives was revenge for unfairly executed comrades.

Memory of executed

In the winter of 1919, when the front passed through the Ponomarev farm, on the fraternal grave of the executed redarmeys built Obelisk with the inscription: "You killed personalities, we will kill classes." At the end of the 20s, Mikhail Sholokhov published the first two volumes of his ingenious "quiet Don". In the second volume, an episode was described in detail with a violence over the expedition. The writer clearly showed how this execution was strongly influenced by the Cossack consciousness and pushed them to the Brahubic War.

Currently, there are several monuments of the subttaking and Krivoshkov in the territory of the Rostov region. The monument on the place of execution in the Ponomarev farm, in 2017 was renovated. Locals themselves collected funds for the examination of the monument, which showed the need for repair. At the request of local residents and administrations of the district, the governor allocated funds from the Reserve Regional Fund. But the monument, located in the center of the former capital of the Troops of the Donskoy - Novocherkassk, has not been repaired for many decades and is in the launched state.

Modern assessment of the events of the civil war on Don

After the collapse of the Soviet Union, a myth on the participation of Cossacks in the Civil War was introduced into public consciousness. His creators tried to present a complex and controversial situation on the Don so that all Cossacks unequivocally supported white.

Currently, the Cossacks as one of the main heroes of the Civil War are extrvised by Colonel Chernetsov. He headed the detachment of counter-revolutionary youth, broken under the deep in January 1918. In 2008, there was a memorable sign on the site of the death of the colonel, by decision of the Registry Don Cossacks, a memorable sign was established. In an interview with the regional portal, 161.ru, the representative of the press service of the troops said that Chernetov was set a monument as the creator "The first partisan detachment on the Don to protect against the upcoming troops sent by the Bolshevik government to capture power".

In 2009, the first military Chernetovsky commemoration was held in the region, which became annual. The organizers and participants of the event will in every way glorify the members of the Chernetska squad, as if forgetting that the Cossacks were participating in both parties. Thus, at the events held in the central anniversary of the battle, Alexander Chamber, director of the Cossack and Cadet educational institutions of the Rostov region, shared their opinion about those events with the regional 33 channel. He declared: "In the heavy, turning time for Russia, there was a group of patriots, which consisted of young people, and which was defended by the country". It turns out, according to regional authorities, the Red Cossacks, who fought on the side of the VRC (who, we recall, later entered into battle with the Germans who came to Don) - not patriots and represented the danger to the country.

But the fate of the Mobilization Commission of Subtölkov and Krivoshlikov, when some Cossacks staged a brutal violence over others, it testifies that the real situation that has developed on Don in 1918 was much more difficult and deeper than trying to present. Such stories split the myth about the uniform "white" Cossacks, apparently, therefore, they prefer either to silence them at all about them, or to pervert them. So, in one of the Don Cadet Corps, the teacher of history at the lesson told the children that the heights and krivoshlikov were white, and the Red Guards were learned to violence! Moreover, the teacher himself really believed in this "version" and did not see anything special in the incident.

Such a distortion of history primarily insults the Cossacks who fought in the Civil War, and both "red" and "white". At least from respect for them, Cossacks should stop using his own history to achieve any political goals. Since the events, one hundred years has passed since the time and it is time to truly understand the full truth about the revolution and civil war.

With the names of Fyodor Podtelkov and Mikhail Krivoshlikov, the establishment of Soviet power on Don is closely connected.

May 10, 1918 Banda of white Cossacks, afraid of an open collision fraudulently disarmed a detachment detachment.

The next day, 11th 1918. Over the leaders of the Don Government, Fedor, Advilkovoy and Mikhail Krivošlikov, took place for the whole detachment in Faromarev's farm.
Mass murder was carried out in front of the inhabitants of the nearest farms - to disappear of the population.

It should be noted that they started their political Olympus from the Kamensky village. Kamensky Bolsheviks at the initial stage had great support to them.
Belocasks created special "hunting" detachments for the capture and destruction of "bogotos", traveling to create red shelves. After making sure that the path to the north is closed, F. G. Podelkov decided to go to the peasant volosts of the Donetsk district for the connection with the detachments of E. A. Schadenko. But by this time his detachment was almost already surrounded by white-facasters. Bandits demanded from subtleties to putting a weapon, promising to skip them to the north, in their native villages.

As soon as the weapon was handed over, the White Guards surrounded the subtletiles and drove under the convoy in Hut. Ponomarev Stan. Krasnokutskaya. On the same day, the White Guard court sentenced F. G. Podtelkov and M. V. Krivoshalkov to hang it, and the remaining 78 captured expedition participants - to the shooting.

May 11, 1918 near Hut. Ponomareva took place. Duties and krivoshlikov kept exclusively firmly. From the loop on the neck of the subtlets turned to the people with a speech, he called for Cossacks not to believe the officers and atamans.
"One thing is only: do not go back to the old!" - I managed to shout my feet of my last words ...

So courageously met the death of the best sons of the Don Cossacks.

A year later, when the hut is released. Ponomareva Soviet troops, on the grave of heroes, a modest obelisk was built with the words in the words: "You killed personalities, we will kill classes."

In 1968, on the grave of F. G. Podtelkov, M. V. Krivoshlikov and their combat comrades, a monument was built at the farm Ponomarev. On the 15-meter Obelisk, the Fedor Décotelkov and Mikhail Krivoshlikov and 83 combat comrades who died from Belokazakov in May 1918 were carved by the 15-meter Obelisk.

In the 2 Tome of Roman M. A. Sholokhov "Silent Don" describes the execution of Fyodor Subtölkov and Mikhail Krivoshlikov, as well as all his squad in the farm Ponomarev.
Fedor Grigorievich Podelkov was born in the farm of the Krutovskoye Ust-Khoper's village of Ust-Medvedetsky district in the family of poor Cossack Grigory Onufrievich Podtelkov. From early childhood, the mother was helped by the economy. Fedor Father lost very little lost. Raised his grandfather. To school, the boy had to go daily for six kilometers. It was time to serve in the army. High-shoulder Fedor Podtelkov was enrolled in the 6th Guards Battery, which was serving in the Tsarist Palace in St. Petersburg. During the First World War, the courage and courage, manifested in battles, F.G. The subtlets was awarded by two George crosses, a medal "for courage." Got the rank of coinage.
After the February Revolution, the subchoruzhiy subelkov was elected commander of the 6th Guards Battery. After the October Revolution, the battery passed on the side of the Bolsheviks.

Atama Kalden began on Don after the proclamation of the Soviet power. In the village of Kamenskaya, on the proposal of the Bolsheviks, the congress of front-line Cossacks was convened. Active participation in his work accepted F.G. Podlekov. The congress announced the overall power of Ataman Kaltedina and formed the Don Regional Military Revolutionary Committee. Fedor Delkov, secretary, Mikhail Krivoshlikov, was elected chairman of the VRC.
The subtlets participated in the battles with the Cossacks of Kaltedin, the formation and strengthening of the revolutionary Cossack parts, in the convening and work of the 1st Congress of the Soviets of the Don Republic in 1918.
The Don Republic was formed at the end of March 1918, and on April 9, the 1st Congress of the Soviets of the Don Republic was gathered in Rostov, at which the CEC was elected headed by Communist V.S. Kovalev. The CEC formed the Council of People's Commissars of the Don Republic. His chairman became F.G. Podlekov.

Monument

Installed before the building of the city museum of local history, where in 1918 the Military Revolutionary Committee worked.
Opening took place on November 5, 1974. At the rally, the honorary citizen of the city of Kamensk S. I. Kudinov spoke well at the rally.
The author of the monument is the Rostov sculptor A. X. Gelauyan.