The hero Dobrynya Nikitich lives near Kiev with his mother, the widow Mamelfa Timofeevna. Everyone loved Dobrynya for his strength, kind disposition and cheerful character.

Once on a hot day he went to the Puchai River to swim, and there the Serpent Gorynych attacked him. They began to fight. Dobrynya knocked off one head of the Serpent, and he began to beg for mercy. The Serpent Gorynych promised that he would no longer take Russian people prisoner. Dobrynya believed him and let him go.

However, the Serpent immediately flew to Kiev and kidnapped the niece of Prince Vladimir named Zabava Putyatishna there. Dobrynya saw this and rode to Kiev, where the prince ordered him to go to Mount Sorochinskaya and save Zabava.

Mamelfa Timofeevna found out about this, was saddened, but did not show it. The next morning she ordered Dobryna to take Burka's horse out of the stall and saddle him. And she gave her son a seven-tailed whip.

Dobrynya came to the snake den, and there the little snakes were crawling. Burka began to trample on them, but there were many of them, they wrapped their legs around the horse, he could not move. Then Dobrynya hit him between the ears with a seven-tailed lash, and Burka gained strength. He trampled all the little snakes to the last.

Then the Serpent Gorynych flew in, and they began a battle that lasted for three whole days and three nights. And Dobrynya defeated the enemy. Three more days the hero waited until the earth absorbed all the blood of the Serpent, and then went to the serpentine caves. He freed many people there, and among them Zabava. I put her on a horse and set off for Kiev.

So the Russian hero liberated his native land from a terrible enemy and fulfilled the will of his prince.

Picture or drawing of a Bylin about Dobrynya Nikitich and the Serpent Gorynych

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Dobrynya and Serpent

A great misfortune has come. The monstrous multi-headed Serpent began to carry out raids on Russia, kidnapping both innocent civilians and glorious soldiers who could not resist him. Dobrynya Nikitich decided to fight the Serpent. He did not obey his mother, who warned him from going far into the open field, to the Sorochinskaya mountain, where small snakes crawl. She has not yet ordered to swim in the Puchai River.

The son-hero does the opposite. He goes into a clear field, reaches the Sorochinskaya mountain, tramples on the snakes and rescues the captured fellow countrymen. After that, he is in no hurry to go home. "His heroic heart was sweating." Dobrynya slowly drives up to the Puchai River, undresses and dives, saying that her mother was wrong: she taught that the river is fierce, but she is “meek, meek, it’s like a puddle of rain!”. At the same moment the sky is covered with a black cloud, there are blows like thunder. This is the angry Serpent Gorynych flying. He gloatingly discovers the stripped and unarmed hero and shouts to him that now Dobrynya is in his hands.

Dobrynya floats to the shore with one stroke. His clothes were stolen by the Serpent, there is no horse. There is only one downy cap left. But the hero's cap is not simple either - “by weight, that cap; yes, three pounds. " And the hero launches them at the Snake with such force that he immediately knocks off twelve trunks of the villain. The monster falls to the grass. Dobrynya plunges him on his back, jumps on his chest and pulls out a damask knife, which he always carried with him on his pectoral cross. The serpent begs for mercy, conjures not to kill him and offers a conspiracy: he no longer flies to Holy Russia, does not take Orthodox people into full, Dobrynya does not appear on the Sorochinskaya mountain and does not trample snakes.

Dobrynya agrees and releases the Snake. He is instantly carried away under the clouds.

However, the monster did not keep his word. It was enough for him, flying over Kiev, to lay eyes on the niece of Prince Vladimir Zabava, so that all the oaths of Gorynych were forgotten. He descends to the ground, grabs the girl and carries her into his disgusting hole.

In despair, Prince Vladimir calls out a cry, calling on all the heroes to save Zabava Putyatichna. Bagatyrs point to Dobrynya, noting that he has an agreement with the Serpent. And Alyosha Popovich says that he will free Knyazev's niece "without a fight, bloodshed."

However, Dobrynya himself well understands that a tough battle is ahead. He returns from the prince, drooping his brave head. To his mother's alarming questions whether they had offended him, whether they had carried a glass at the feast, whether some fool had laughed at him, he replies that this is not the point at all. He is worried about the great service to be performed for Prince Vladimir. The wise mother Efimya Alexandrovna advises her son to go to the upper room and sleep well.

Dobrynya wakes up full of heroic strength. Washes whitewashed, gears up for a hike on the Serpent. At the stable, he chooses Burka - an old, but faithful and still kind horse, whom he lovingly feeds and drinks. Then he saddles the horse - long and very carefully: “Burka saddled in a Cherkassian saddle, / He put sweaters on the sweatshirts, / He put felts on the sweatshirts, / He put a Cherkassian saddle on the felts, / He pulled up twelve tight girths, / He is the thirteenth put it up for the sake of the fortress ... "

Mother gave her son a silk whip, punishing her when the snakes wrapped around Burke's legs so that the horse could not move from the spot, to lash him harder from behind and in front with this whip.

And so it happened. The little snakes clung to Burke's legs, wrapped around him and hobbled around him. Dobrynya lashed the horse with a silk whip in time. Burushka began to jump up, shake off the reptiles from their feet and trample them all to a man.

At this time, the Serpent crawled out of the hole and turned to Dobrynya with the question why he again rolled up to Sorochinskaya Mountain and, against the agreement, trampled on him with snakes? Dobrynya answered him with righteous anger: "The devil was carrying you through Kiev-grad!" After that, the hero offered the opponent to return Zabava Putyatichna back without a fight and bloodshed. However, the monster rushed into battle.

They have been fighting for three days without a break, and no one is gaining an advantage. Dobrynya feels that his strength is running out, and at this time he hears a voice coming from heaven: “Young Dobrynya, son of Nikitinich! / You fought the Snake for three days, / Fight the Snake for another three hours: / You will beat the Snake and that damned one! "

Dobrynya obeys. Gathering his last strength, he desperately fights for another three hours. Finally, the Serpent falls exhausted and dies. A sea of ​​blood erupts from his wounds. Dobrynya wants to leave the battlefield, but again hears a heavenly order: not to leave just like that, but to take a spear and what is the urge to beat the ground in the cheese, saying: “make way, mother-of-cheese earth, you devour this blood and all the serpentine ".

Dobrynya, forgetting about fatigue, performs everything. The earth parted and absorbed the poisonous blood. Dobrynya goes to the snake's lair, where he finds forty captive kings, princes, kings and princes, not counting many common people. He releases everyone from the dungeon into the wild. Then he brings Zabava Putyatichna out with a bow and escorts her to Kiev, noticing that it was for her sake that he undertook this entire dangerous campaign: “For you, I now wandered like this, / You’ll go to the city of Kiev, / Ai to the affectionate prince to Vladimir” ...

Dobrynya and Marinka

Efimya Aleksandrovna conjures his son: when he goes for a walk around Kiev, avoid the lane on which the prince's Marina Kaydalevna lives. She has already lured many noble and common people with her magic spells and mercilessly ruined everyone. She has killed nine Russian heroes on her account, and Dobrynya may face the same fate.

Walking around the city, Dobrynya at first really avoids the forbidden place. But a gentle cooing pigeon pair catches his eye. Dobrynya feels that these are not real pigeons, but an obsession with evil spirits. He shoots a red-hot arrow at the pigeons without hesitation. But the arrow flies past the target and hits the slanting window of the high tower. This was the window of Marina Kaidalievna, the cunning enchantress.

Dobrynya, without hesitation, goes straight to this tower - to pick up his arrow. When he appears in front of the hostess, he hears sugar friendly speeches: “Oh, you darling, Dobrynya son of Nikitinich! / Let's do, Dobrynyushka, love with me! "

The hero does not succumb to seduction and responds with dignity to Marina that he is not a lover to her, turns and walks out into the wide courtyard. Marinushka uses her witchcraft charms: “And here she scares the footsteps and Dobrynins, / Snouts here in the stove in the anthracite / And she herself says to the footsteps: / You burn, footsteps and Dobrynins / In that stove in the anthracite. / Gori-ko in Dobrynyushka for me a soul! "

Witchcraft works. Dobrynya returns to the room, bows to the insidious beauty and agrees to "make love with her." But Marina decides to take revenge on Dobryna, turns him into a golden-horned tour and lets him out into the open field. The tour rushes forward, causing terrible ruin around. He tramples first flocks of peacefully grazing geese, then swans, then sheep and cows, and finally destroys the herd of horses. The possessions through which he sweeps belong to Dobrynina's own aunt, the wise Avdotya Ivanovna. Every time after another disaster with the bird and cattle entrusted to them, the shepherds come to Avdotya Ivanovna with a complaint about the terrible and powerful round. Avdotya Ivanovna sees the truth and sadly admits that this is not a tour, but her beloved nephew, bewitched by the witch Marina. Avdotya Ivanovna decides to oppose her good charms to evil spells.

She turns into a magpie and flies to the witch, whom she reproaches for her tricks, and then asks to return Dobrynya to her former heroic appearance. Otherwise, the aunt threatens Marina to wrap the magpie too, which she immediately does.

Marina-magpie flies into the field, finds a golden-horned turtle there and sits on his horns, whispering: if Dobrynya agrees to go with her, Marina, down the aisle, she will return him to his human form. Dobrynya, realizing that he has become the prey of the witch, decides to cheat. He promises her to marry: "I will make a great commandment, I will accept with you, Marina, by crown of gold."

The witch turns him back into a hero, and she herself becomes a girl. They come to Prince Vladimir asking for a blessing. A rich wedding starts. Dobrynya gives a secret order before the feast: “Ah, my faithful servants! / I will ask you for a charm of green wine, / You first give me a sword to fire. "

When the hero is alone with Marina, she again takes up witchcraft. First, the witch wraps Dobrynya with an ermine, then a falcon, forcing her to break her claws and wings and make fun of his impotence. Exhausted Dobrynya the Falcon turns to Marina with a request to give him a rest and allow him to drink a glass. Marina turns him into a good fellow, not expecting any trick. Dobrynya immediately calls out to the servants and pronounces a conditional phrase. Servants "quickly" give him a sharp saber, and the hero, without hesitation, blows off the witch's head - for her "insouciant" actions.

The next morning, rested after a hot bath, Dobrynya Nikitich sits by the porch. Passing neighbors, princes and boyars, congratulate him on his marriage and hear the answer in all truth: “I in the evening, brothers, was not married single, / And now I have become, brothers, not married. / I cut off the head of Marina nonh / For her there were unpleasant actions. "

The people around do not hide their joy about this outcome of the case. Everyone vied with each other to thank the hero who saved the city from the evil and insidious sorceress, who, in addition to kings and princes and princes and princes, exhausted nine more glorious Russian heroes. Not to mention the innumerable victims of the simple "little devil and swine"!

Dobrynya Nikitich and Vasily Kazimirovich

Prince Vladimir arranges a noble feast, which attracts numerous guests. Everyone has enough delicious dishes and good wine. The owner himself walks around the hall and thoughtfully looks around the noisy feast. Then he turns to the audience with the question: who will do him a great service? Who will go to the distant Polovtsian land and bring Tsar Batur a tribute that has not been paid for twelve years?

The guests begin to bury themselves behind each other and shyly keep quiet. Finally, a daring fellow in green morocco boots emerges from the crowd and bows to Vladimir. This is the hero Vasily Kazimirovich. He gives the prince the word: “I will serve you by faith and righteousness, / I will not betray you in your eyes / I will bring your gold and silver, / I will bring your pitched pearls, / I will bring forty forties clear falcons, / I'm taking forty forty black sables ... "

After this vow, Vasily Kazimirovich leaves the feast, hanging his riot's head in the rupture. In the middle of a wide street, he meets Dobrynya Nikitich. He is interested in the cause of the sadness, but Vasily only, "exactly a bull", passes by. Only from the third call does Dobryna manage to find out what happened. He himself guesses what happened, and directly asks Vasily: "Ali, you bragged where to go?" Dobrynya promises to a friend who still maintains a gloomy silence: "I will not betray you in the case of the military, / And at that time of death!"

Hearing this, Vasily rushes to Dobrynya's chest, hugs him, calls him his older brother, admits that he really did not restrain himself at the feast and bragged to everyone, and now it's time to answer for the bragging. Dobrynya decisively says that they will not take any duty from the prince, but will do the opposite - they will ask for tribute "from Batur Batvesov's dog." The heroes fraternize and go together into the white-stone chambers to Prince Vladimir, where an honest feast continues.

The good fellows are greeted with due respect, they are seated at the same table with the prince himself, they are presented with good wine, "the charm is not small - in one and a half buckets." After that, the heroes set out their plan to the prince and ask him to write a letter in his own hand to Batur demanding a fee. Vladimir fulfills their request, then blesses both fellows, and they set off on the road. On their heroic horses, Dobrynya and Vasily instantly disappear from sight and soon reach the Polovtsian land.

On enemy territory, friends behave boldly and confidently. Dismounting, they do not tie their horses and without asking enter directly into Batura's tower. After reading this letter, Batur becomes furious. He insinuatingly declares to Vasily that he will no longer leave his house. But Vasily is not afraid of threats: "I hope for a wonderful mother, the Most Holy Theotokos, / I hope for my darling, for a brother, / For that brother, for a named one, / For Dobrynya for Nikitich."

Indeed, three times Batur sets up treacherous traps for Vasily - and three times Dobrynya takes the blow. First, he sits down to play dice with Batur and beats him. Then Dobrynya defeats Batur in the archery competition. Finally, the vexed owner challenged the fellows to a fight - and again Dobrynya prevailed, despite the fact that Batur called for help from many Tatars. Vasily arms himself with a white-oak axle and rushes to the aid of the named brother. Batur, frightened, runs out onto the porch and in a loud voice shouts for mercy: "You leave me at least a litter of Tatars! .."

As a result, the Tatar agrees to pay tribute to Prince Vladimir for twelve years, if only the heroes get away. Loaded with rich booty, Vasily and Dobrynya go to Kiev and respectfully appear before the prince's eyes. The service was served regularly, the tsar treats them from the heart and bows down to the damp earth for their heroic courage: "You served me with faith-righteousness, / Faith-righteousness unchanged."

Dobrynya Nikitich, his wife and Alyosha Popovich

After many daring, but bloody exploits, Dobrynya Nikitich fidgeted with repentance. He turned to his mother with bitter words of reproach: it would be better if you didn’t give birth to me, I wouldn’t kill innocent souls then, didn’t orphan little children, didn’t shed blood in vain. Mother answered him with restrained dignity: I would be glad, said Efimya Aleksandrovna, to “spawn” you with a “talent-fate” in Ilya Muromets, strength in Svyatogor the hero, courage in Alyosha Popovich. But you, son, of other articles - such as those granted by God.

After these words, in an effort to be alone and to dispel the evil melancholy, Dobrynya saddled his horse and got ready for the journey. He was escorted by his mother and young wife Nastasya Nikulichna. Standing at the right stirrup, she meekly asked Dobrynya when to wait for him back home. The husband ordered to wait for him for three years, and if he does not return by that time, wait another three years.

The only condition that Dobrynya sets at the same time is not to marry his named brother Alyosha Popovich. And now the mother and wife remain in this painful expectation.

Six long years pass in this way. Dobrynya is not present. And the only news about him is brought by Alyosha Popovich: he reports that Dobrynya was killed, that he himself saw his shot body in an open field. Dobrynya is bitterly mourned, and then Prince Vladimir begins to start speeches with the young widow Nastasya about a new marriage: “Go and marry at least a prince, at least a boyar, / At least a mighty Russian hero, / At least a brave Alyosha for Popovich.”

Nastasya bows deeply and humbly replies: she has been waiting for her husband for six years, as he ordered, but she will wait another six. If Dobrynya does not return, she agrees to get married a second time.

Another six years pass. There is still no news from Dobrynya. Prince Vladimir returns to the deferred agreement. Nastasya agrees - she chooses Alyosha Popovich from all the suitors.

The third day is a wedding feast, after which the marriage will have to be legalized in a church. At this time, Dobrynya passes somewhere near Tsar Grad. The horse stumbles under him, causing the wrath of the hero. However, the faithful horse answers with a human voice: he preempts Dobrynya that today Nastasya's wedding with Alyosha Popovich should take place. Boiling with rage, Dobrynya spurs Burka - and in an instant the horse carries him across the mountains and plains, across rivers and lakes, sweeps through the fence of his old mansion and stops at the very doors.

Without asking and without a report, Dobrynya swiftly walks into the wards to Efimya Alexandrovna and, crossing herself, bows low to her. His mother does not recognize him after so many years of separation. The servants who rushed in after, shout that an unknown messenger rushed in without asking. The guest says that he met in Dobrynya the day before. Mother reproachfully says that Dobrynya was killed long ago and that Alyosha Popovich is a witness to this.

Without showing excitement, the guest passes the order to Dobrynya to find out about his beloved wife. The mother replies that today Nastasya is getting married with Alyosha Popovich. The guest addresses last request- also referring to Dobrynya's covenant: to give him the master's buffoonish dress and the vermilion gusli.

Disguised as a buffoon, Dobrynya Nikitich goes to the prince's court and goes straight to the violent feast. Dissatisfied with his disrespect, the prince gloomily points him to a place behind the stove among the buffoons. Dobrynya strikes the strings, and the melody bewitches everyone present. Everyone at the feast becomes silent and listens. In gratitude, the stranger is invited to move from the corner to the prince's table. Vladimir himself offers the guslar to choose any of three places of honor: “First place - sit next to me, / Another place - opposite me, / Third place - where you want to go”.

The guest chooses the third - he sits on a bench directly opposite the young newlywed, asks to bring him a spell of wine, puts his golden ring into it and hands the spell to Nastasya, asking her to drink it to the bottom.

Nastasya drinks the spell in one spirit and recognizes her husband's wedding ring. Then she decisively declares to the whole feast: "After all, it is not my husband, but who is beside me, / And that my husband, who is opposite me: / My husband sits on a bench, / He brings me a charm of green wine."

Nastasya runs out from the table, falls at her husband's feet and asks to forgive her. Dobrynya condescendingly replies that he is ready to excuse her short female mind, but he is amazed by the prince and princess, who married a wife with a living husband. Vladimir confesses with shame to his mistake. After him, Alyosha Popovich asks for forgiveness from his named brother. But Dobrynya is in no hurry with forgiveness. He is annoyed not so much with Alyosha's love for Nastastia, as with the deception - that Alyosha brought the news of his death and made his mother and wife grieve for him as if he had died. “Because of this fault, brother, I won't forgive you,” concludes Dobrynya and asks the crafty Alyosha a heroic beat. So this marriage ends ingloriously for Popovich.

Dobrynya and Nastasya, in peace and harmony, return home to their mother.

Retold

Russian folk tale"Dobrynya Nikitich and the Serpent Gorynych"

Genre: processing of Russian folk epic.

The main characters of the fairy tale "Dobrynya Nikitich and the Serpent Gorynych" and their characteristics

1. Dobrynya Nikitich, Russian hero. Handsome and slender, strong, smart, educated. Calm disposition, educated. Very honest and fair, fearless.
2. Mamelfa Timofeevna, Dobrynya's mother. A widow, a very wise and experienced woman. He knows everything, supports his son in everything.
3. Prince Vladimir is formidable, angry, swears, threatens.
4. Serpent Gorynych, three-headed viper. Self-confident, impudent robber. Cruel and ruthless. Liar and oath-breaker.

1. Dobrynya Nikitich and his mother
2. Swimming in the Puchai River
3. The appearance of Gorynych
4. Horse flight
5. Greek hat with sand
6. Gorynych's promise
7. Kidnapping Fun
8. Feast in Kiev
9. Words by Alyosha Popovich
10. The prince's task
11. Mother's lash
12. Grandfather horse
13. The end of the serpents
14. Three day battle
15. The whip again
16. Snake blood
17. Liberation of the captives

1. Once Dobrynya went to ride a horse, but decided to swim in the Puchai River
2. Just climbed into the river, the Serpent Gorynych flew in, but Dobrynya beat him with a Greek hat with sand
3. The Serpent Gorynych kidnaps Zabava Putyatishna, and Prince Vladimir sends Dobrynya to fight the Serpent
4. Mother gives Dobrynya a lash of seven silks and a horse from her grandfather
5. Dobrynya tramples on the serpents and kills the Serpent Gorynych
6. Dobrynya almost drowns in the blood of the Serpent, but saves all the captives and Zabava Putyatishna.

What the tale "Dobrynya Nikitich and the Serpent Gorynych" teaches
This tale teaches you to be honest, kind, strong. Teaches you to stand up for your native land to death, to protect the elderly and children, to save women. Teaches you not to believe the false speeches of enemies. Teaches you to obey your parents and not break your promise.

Review of the fairy tale "Dobrynya Nikitich and the Serpent Gorynych"
I really like this fairy tale, epic. In it, the main character, Dobrynya Nikitich, rescues a young and beautiful princess from the terrible Serpent. Dobrynya in the fairy tale is shown to be very strong, courageous and fair. I also like his mother, who knew exactly what her son might need, did not cry or groan, but helped Dobryna defeat the Snake.
The plot of the tale is very dynamic and exciting.

Proverbs to the fairy tale "Dobrynya Nikitich and the Serpent Gorynych"
You will recognize the hero on the battlefield.
Promising a human thing, not doing it - damn
Great deeds are followed by great fame.

Summary, short retelling fairy tales "Dobrynya Nikitich and the Serpent Gorynych"
The widow Mamelfa Timofeevna and her son, the hero Dobrynya, lived near Kiev. Dobrynya's disposition was quiet, affectionate, but clever and educated.
So one day Dobrynya decided to go to the Puchai River to swim, but only his mother dissuades him, the river is bad. Dobrynya promised not to swim, but simply to ride along the bank.
He got dressed, took a bow, a spear and rode on a horse. And it got hot, Dobrynya forgot his promise. I undressed, threw my weapons and clothes on the shore, and climbed to swim.
And he liked the Puchai River - cool and calm. But suddenly - thunder, clouds - the Serpent Gorynych flies. I saw Dobrynya and was delighted. I wanted to kill him right away. Yes, Dobrynya dived under the water, swam to the shore and rushed to arms. And only there is no weapon - the horse was frightened by the Snake and galloped away, and took away all the weapons.
And the Serpent Gorynych flies, breathes fire. Then Dobrynya took a Greek hat and stuffed it with sand, but knocked off one of Gorynych’s head. He knocked down, began to beat. And the Serpent begs not to kill, vows not to fly to Russia, not to orphan mothers.
Let go of Dobrynya the Snake, and he immediately flew to Kiev, and took Zabava Putyatishna away. Dobrynya saw the Serpent with the princess and became sad. I began to get ready for Kiev, again my mother did not listen.
I arrived in Kiev, and there the table was bursting with food, but everyone was sitting sad. Nobody wants to go to Mount Sorochinskaya, fight with the Serpent.
Then Alyosha Popovich stood up, and laid Dobrynya - they say, he fraternized with the Serpent.
Prince Vladimir got angry, sends Dobrynya to fight with the Serpent, threatens to cut off his head.
Dobrynya was completely saddened, returned home, and told his mother about the order. And she puts him to bed, and sews a lash of seven silks.
In the morning, mother sent Dobrynya to the stables for the grandfather's horse Burka, which had been in the stalls for 15 years. Then she gave a whip, and ordered Dobryna to whip that horse with a whip, so that Burushka would suppress the snakes.
Dobrynya went to Mount Sorochinskaya. And there the little snakes are visible and invisible. They began to braid the horse's legs. He whipped Dobrynya Burushka with a whip, he reared up on his hind legs, and trampled all the little snakes.
Here the Serpent Gorynych himself flies, breathes fire. They began to fight with Dobrynya. We fought for three days. The Serpent began to prevail, but Dobrynya remembered about the whip, and let's whip the Serpent. He knocked the reptile to the ground, and chopped off all the heads.
The blood from the Serpent poured out the sea. Dobrynya stands in blood, freezes, the earth does not accept blood. He began to whip the earth with a whip, the earth parted, the blood of the serpent left.
Dobrynya went to the serpentine caves. Tore off the doors, looks, there are a lot of people in the caves, both Russians and from foreign lands. Dobrynya released everyone, and found Zabava Putyatishna in the twelfth cave. He freed the princess, took her home, to Kiev.
And everyone around praises the Russian hero Dobrynya Nikitich.

Drawings and illustrations for the fairy tale "Dobrynya Nikitich and the Serpent Gorynych"

Lomaka Evgeniy

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Preview:

MOU DOD Palace of Creativity of Children and Youth

Don Academy of Sciences for Young Researchers. Yu.A. Zhdanova

Folklore and Ethnography

Research

Topic:

"From Old Russian Epic to Modern Animation"

(For example comparative characteristics

bylinas "Dobrynya and the Serpent" and cartoon

"Dobrynya Nikitich and the Serpent Gorynych")

Lomaka Evgeny Vitalievich

Grade 9

MBOU Lyceum No. 9

Scientific adviser:

Yugrinova Valentina Vladimirovna

Lecturer at MHC, Fine Arts, Technology

Rostov-on-Don

2012 r.

INTRODUCTION

“The Russian people have created a huge oral literature: wise proverbs

and cunning riddles, funny songs, solemn epics - spoken

singsong, to the sound of strings - about the glorious deeds of heroes, defenders of the earth ... "

L.N. Tolstoy

Relevance

The level of informatization of modern society is now very high, it is increasingly turning to scientific and journalistic publications, and if modern society pays less attention to the classics, then the epic is already completely forgotten. As a revival of Russian folklore, are used different ways, including animation.

The purpose of this studyis the definition of the role of modern animation in the transmission of the ancient Russian epic to the modern viewer and reader on the example of the epic "Dobrynya and the Serpent".

Hypothesis: if for the first time the children got acquainted with the epic from the cartoon, then they form a distorted idea of ​​it.
Research objectives:

1. To correlate the heroes of the epic and blockbuster with the eras in which they were created.

2. Analyze the epic and blockbuster in terms of plot and language.

3. Determine the similarities and differences in the interpretation of the characters in these works.

The object of this studyis Russian culture.

The subject of research- the epic "Dobrynya and the Serpent" and the heroic blockbuster "Dobrynya Nikitich and the Serpent Gorynych"

Research noveltyis to try comparative analysis bylinas interpreted by modern authors.

MAIN PART

Chapter 1. The concept of epics.

Bylina is a folklore epic song, a genre characteristic of the Russian tradition. The basis of the story of the epic is a heroic event, or a remarkable episode of Russian history (hence the popular name of the epic - "old", "old-fashioned", implying that the action in question took place in the past). The term "epic" was introduced into scientific use in the 40s of the 19th century. folklorist I.P. Sakharov (1807-1863). Epics are amazing songs-legends that were created by the people in time immemorial, passed from mouth to mouth, from old people to children. Traditionally, it is believed that Russian epics are divided into two cycles:

1) Heroic, in the center of which is a warrior hero.

2) Social and everyday life and novelistic, depicting the everyday side of the life of the state (epics about Sadko, Vasily Buslaevich, Mikul Selyaninovich)

The heroic (otherwise - heroic) epics, one of which we have to consider, reflected those moments in the life of the Russian people when he had to fight foreign invaders, by dark forces and defend their freedom, fight for their honor, faith and independence.

The folk heroic epic is deeply patriotic in nature. That is why one of its types - epics - has survived and survived to this day. The true hero of the epic heroes was Russia and the defenders of the Russian land - the heroes.

They tell us about the exploits of the heroes who stood guard over Russia. Peculiar poetic features of epics. Their figurative and lengthy narration. Its free variation. The traditional technique of repeating an important episode three times. Bright hyperboles and epithets. The characteristic structure of epics: singing, beginning, narration and conclusion or outcome. The creators of the epics are singer-storytellers. Their most famous dynasties, for example, the Ryabinins.

The deep expressiveness of the musical language of epics. The calm stately character of the melodies, their recitative structure. A kind of chanting narration. The closeness of the melodies to the story, colloquial speech, achieved by the frequent repetition of one sound, by stops at the end of phrases with characteristic third or second descending endings. Unhurried, measured performance of epics with rare changes in tempo.

The difference between the Novgorod epics and the Kiev ones lies in the prevalence of everyday themes in them associated with the energetic trading activities of Novgorod, with its cult of entrepreneurship and initiative. The main character is a merchant, a merchant guest (Sadko). The questions of art, performance were touched upon (Sadko - folk singer, guslar). Funny buffoons. Household songs-ballads about tragic incidents and family dramas.

Great melodic chanting of Novgorod epics, in contrast to Kiev. A more developed range of their tunes, a decrease in intonation repetitions, a more lively and original rhythm, often close to the dance one (especially in buffoons), a greater liveliness of the tempo.

1.1 Brief content of the epic

A great misfortune has come. The monstrous multi-headed Serpent began to make raids on Russia, kidnapping both innocent civilians and glorious soldiers who could not resist him. Dobrynya Nikitich decided to fight the Serpent. He did not obey his mother, who warned him from going far into the open field, to the Sorochinskaya mountain, where small vultures crawl. She has not yet ordered to swim in the Puchai River.

The son-hero does the opposite. He goes into a clear field, reaches the Sorochinskaya mountain, tramples on the baby snakes and rescues the captured fellow countrymen. After that, he is in no hurry to go home. "His heroic heart was sweating." Dobrynya slowly drives up to the Puchai River, undresses and dives, saying that her mother was wrong: she taught that the river is fierce, but she is “meek, meek, it’s like a puddle of rain!”. At the same moment the sky is covered with a black cloud, there are blows like thunder. This is the angry Serpent Gorynych flying. He gloatingly discovers the stripped and unarmed hero and shouts to him that now Dobrynya is in his hands.

Dobrynya floats to the shore with one stroke. His clothes were stolen by the Serpent, there is no horse. There is only one downy cap left. But the hero's cap is not simple either - “by weight, that cap; yes, three pounds. " And the hero launches them at the Snake with such force that he immediately knocks off twelve trunks of the villain. The monster falls to the grass. Dobrynya plunges him on his back, jumps on his chest and pulls out a damask knife, which he always carried with him on his pectoral cross. The serpent begs for mercy, conjures not to kill him and proposes a conspiracy: he no longer flies to Holy Russia, does not take Orthodox people into full, Dobrynya does not appear on Sorochinskaya mountain and does not trample the snakes.

Dobrynya agrees and releases the Snake. He is instantly carried away under the clouds.

However, the monster did not keep his word. It was enough for him, flying over Kiev, to lay eyes on the niece of Prince Vladimir Zabava, so that all the oaths of Gorynych were forgotten. He descends to the ground, grabs the girl and carries her into his disgusting hole.

In despair, Prince Vladimir calls out a cry, calling on all the heroes to save Zabava Putyatichna. The heroes point to Dobrynya, noting that he has an agreement with the Serpent. And Alyosha Popovich says that he will free Knyazev's niece "without a fight, bloodshed."

However, Dobrynya himself is well aware that a tough battle is ahead. He returns from the prince, drooping his brave head. To his mother's alarming questions whether they had offended him, whether they had carried a glass at the feast, whether some fool had laughed at him, he replies that this is not the point at all. He is worried about the great service to be performed for Prince Vladimir. The wise mother Efimya Alexandrovna advises her son to go to the upper room and sleep well.

Dobrynya wakes up full of heroic strength. He washes himself whitewashed, equips himself for a campaign against the Serpent. At the stable, he chooses Burke - an old, but faithful and still good horse, whom he lovingly feeds and drinks. Mother gave her son a silk lash, punishing her when the snakes wrapped Burke's legs so that the horse could not move from the spot, to lash him harder from behind and in front with this whip.

And so it happened. The snakes clung to Burke's legs, wrapped them around him and hobbled him. Dobrynya lashed the horse with a silk whip in time. Burushka began to jump up, shake off the reptiles from their feet and trample them all to a man.

At this time, the Serpent crawled out of the hole and turned to Dobryna with the question why he again rolled onto the Sorochinskaya Mountain and, against the agreement, trampled his little snakes? Dobrynya answered him with righteous anger: "What the devil was you carrying through Kiev-grad!" After that, the hero offered the opponent to return Zabava Putyatichna back without a fight and bloodshed. However, the monster rushed into battle.

They have been fighting for three days without a break, and no one is gaining an advantage. Dobrynya feels that his strength is running out, and at this time he hears a voice coming from heaven: “Young Dobrynya, son of Nikitinich! You fought the Snake for three days, Fight the Snake for three more hours: You will beat the Snake and that damned one! "

Dobrynya obeys. Gathering his last strength, he fights desperately for another three hours. Finally, the Serpent falls exhausted and dies. A sea of ​​blood erupts from his wounds. Dobrynya wants to leave the battlefield, but again hears a heavenly order: not to leave just like that, but to take a spear and what is the urge to beat the ground in the cheese, saying: “make way, mother-of-cheese earth, you devour this blood and all the serpentine ".

Dobrynya, forgetting about fatigue, performs everything. The earth parted and absorbed the poisonous blood. Dobrynya goes to the snake's lair, where he finds forty captive kings, princes, kings and princes, not counting many common people. He releases everyone from the dungeon into the wild. Then he takes Zabava Putyatichna with a bow and escorts her to Kiev, noting that it was for her sake that he undertook this entire dangerous campaign:

"For you, I now wandered like this,

Let's go to the city of Kiev,

Hey to the affectionate prince to Vladimir. "

1.2 Russian epic heroes

Where does the word "hero" come from? It is believed that it is borrowed from the Turkic languages, where it is in different forms- Baghatur, Bagadur, Batur, Batyr, Bator. Scientists (Shchepkin, Buslaev) directly deduced “hero” from “God” through the medium of “rich”. The totality of military valor is one of the main features of the Russian hero, but physical valor alone is not enough, it is also necessary that all the activities of the hero have a religious-patriotic character. In general, the people idealize their heroes, and if they hyperbolically represent their physical qualities: strength, dexterity, heavy gait, deafening voice, prolonged sleep, then still they do not have that brutal gluttony of other monstrous giants who do not belong to the category of heroes in the epics ... The element of the miraculous plays an important role in the destinies of heroes: they often meet with beneficial and hostile supernatural forces. In the epics, there is a tendency to smooth out the wonderful element, which does not play such a role in them as, for example, in fairy tales, and has its purpose, to give the heroes an ideal character.

The images of the heroes are the national standard of courage, justice, patriotism and strength. Each of the heroes of Russian epics has special features inherent only to him. Dobrynya Nikitich is a strong and brave hero. But he is skillful not only in battle: he can swim across the river with one dive, and play checkers-chess, is trained in church singing, and is especially famous for his talented playing on the harp. In the epic Dobrynya and the Serpent, we see him a little frivolous (he did not listen to the wise advice of his mother), but at the same time, when he sees a real danger in front of him, he does not give up, but finds the right way out.

1.3. The epic image of Dobrynya Nikitich

One of these heroes is Dobrynya Nikitich - an ordinary mortal, a hero of a new historical era, and therefore is endowed with mythological features to a minimum. Dobrynya Nikitich is portrayed in epics as the second most powerful and important hero after Ilya Muromets, he is his right hand. By origin, Dobrynya Nikitich is a princely family, which, nevertheless, did not prevent him from winning love and recognition from the common people, who, in their epic tradition, endowed him with many virtues: in epics, the hero is educated, tactful, courteous, knows how to walk as ambassadors, skillfully plays the harp. The main business of his life is military service to Russia. He is indispensable where you need to show not only strength, but also courtesy, tact: Dobrynya is sent when it is necessary to settle some delicate matter, reconcile the quarreling, convey an important message. “In speeches, a reasonable, literate, at the same time brave and courageous warrior, a skillful shooter, Dobrynya embodied those features of culture that were new for Ancient Russia. But his connections with pagan culture are still quite tangible.

Dobrynya in epics is, first of all, a warrior, a defender of his native land. On hismilitary exploits and focused main attentionstorytellers. Dobrynya achieves her success not only thanks to her strength, but also thanks to her many-sided talent. So, he beats King Botiyan Botiyanovich in chess (the epic about Dobryna and Vasily Kazimirovich), he is the best at shooting a bow (ibid.), He is an extraordinary master of playing the harp (the famous tunes of Dobrynya in the epics of Dobryna and Alyosha Popovich). Dobrynya is also known as a person of significant "knowledge" - the ability to deal with people - a quality that is always emphasized by storytellers and for which Ilya Muromets especially appreciated Dobrynya.

Thanks to the epic, we learned that Dobrynya Nikitich became famous for defeating the Fiery Serpent in a difficult battle, freeing many people from the full, and among them the niece of Prince Vladimir Zabava Putyatichna.

Unlike Ilya Muromets, Dobryna is inherent in many human weaknesses: he is not averse to dragging women around (the epic about Dobryna and Marinka), sometimes he is burdened by his military labor, regrets about the family left at home. But Dobrynya performs the service honestly, selflessly. The interests of the homeland and the people for Dobrynya, as well as for all heroes, are more important than personal well-being.It is possible that most of the ancient songs about Dobryna have long been forgotten. However, Dobrynya's place among other heroes of the Russian epic testifies to the fact that he was the main hero of epic songs that cyclized around the Kiev prince Vladimir Svyatoslavich.

Thus, it becomes clear that the epic did not invent the name of Dobrynya, it only imprinted it in the people's memory. In the book of academician B.A. Rybakov "Ancient Rus", in the chapter dedicated to the cycle of Vladimir's epics, we will find a subheading "Dobrynya Nikitich", which contains a detailed analysis of the coincidences of epic and chronicle information about Dobrynya ... Science more than a hundred years ago found out that the epic Dobrynya and the first Dobrynya, mentioned in Russian chronicles in the 10th century, are one and the same person.

1.4 Dobrynya as a serpent fighter

One of the most widespread epic plots "Dobrynya Nikitich and the Serpent" stands out as particularly archaic, in which he acts as a serpent fighter.

This serpentine plot has many analogues (up to St. George and St. Theodore Tyrone). The archaic sub-basis of the epics is obvious in the close connection of Dobrynya with the water element, with river streams, diving, burrows, caves and other images of the bottom. In the epic Dobrynya and the Serpent, the hero is still young. Leaving the field, to the Puchai River, he has no definite intentions, or these intentions are accidental. Only his desire to leave is invariable and persistent. It is as if a force unknown to him himself prompts him to travel. In an epic plot, such unmotivated forces usually act as forces of fate, predestination, predetermination outside the hero. Only his mother and sometimes the Serpent himself, with whom he has to fight, know about what lies ahead for the hero.

Moreover, Dobrynya does not seem to hear the words of his mother, who forbids him to swim in the Puchai River and predicts the appearance of the Serpent.

Young Dobrynya son of Nikitinich!

And I will not give you forgiveness, blessing

Ride ti Dobrynya to Puchai River.

Whoever went to the Puchai River on this, so he went,

A happy day off but did not come.

Dobrynya replied:

Oh, you are my mother's parent!

And give me forgiveness - I will go,

If you don’t give me forgiveness, I’ll go.

Prohibition and prediction in the epic are connected and interdependent. Prohibition is primary, prediction is secondary. If Dobrynya hadn't taken a dip in the Puchai River, the Snake would not have appeared. This, in essence, warns Dobrynya's mother. For the plot, it is precisely swimming in the river and Dobrynya's irresistible craving for this swimming that

"You overpowered the heat and exorbitant",

he undressed and: began to swim.

Suddenly the sky darkened - "a fierce serpent flew in."

Ay the thunder is thundering, but the noise is great:

She ran into a young Dobrynyushka

And the serpentine and the Gorynischo,

And about three serpentine heads,

About twelve it is about trunks.

The snake spoke, these are the words:

- And put Dobrynyushka in my hands!

If I want - I'll take a Dobrynyushka to the full,

If I want to - I will burn Dobrynyushka with fire,

If I want to - I will devour Dobrynyushka into myself.

The young servant of Dobrynya, frightened, drove away his horse, took away all his clothes and equipment - he left only the hat of the Greek land. With this hat Dobrynya fought off the snake, knocking off three trunks from it. The snake prayed, offered to make peace and promised:

But I will not fly around holy Russia,

But I will not captivate more heroes,

And I will not crush and young women

And I will not be an orphan and little children ...

Dobrynya "on you lyasy ... got used to it", let go of the snake. However, later he saw how the snake flies through the air and carries the royal daughter: “The royal daughter of a prince, the niece of Prince Vladimir Zabava Putyatichna. At the behest of Prince Vladimir, Dobrynya went “to the Tugi-mountains, to the fierce snake” - to rescue the princess. His mother gave him a silk handkerchief to wipe his face during the fight and a silk whip to whip the snake. This time, Dobrynya's fight with the snake was long: it lasted one, then another day until evening.

Ah, the damned snake began to beat.

Ay he reminded the parental punishment,

He was taking out a whip from a pickpocket.

He beats the snake with his whip. -

Tamed the snake like skotinin,

And like skotinin and peasant.

He chopped off the snakes and he had their trunks,

I hacked the snake into pieces,

Rospinal a snake in a clean field….

Note that the epic Dobrynya, in contrast to the fairytale interpretation of the main plot, fought not for his bride, but for the Russian, the meadow woman. He killed the enemy who terrified all of Russia. Fighting a snake that abducts people is a traditional theme in world mythology. The epic about Dobryna is full of all sorts of mythological details (magic river, wonderful weapon, etc.). At the same time, this myth is transferred to the atmosphere of epic Kiev: the serpent acts as an enemy of the state, and Dobrynya, defeating him, performs a nationwide feat.

1.5 Interpretation of the character of the hero

The image of Dobrynya Nikitich is one of the most charming and deepest in the Russian epic. This is a true hero, always ready for a heroic deed. He is where help is needed, ingenuity, intelligence and tact, the fight against heresy and deceit, loyalty and courage.

Dobrynya is always faithful to his integral, definite character. Endlessly devoted to Russia, the hero jealously guards his dignity as a Russian warrior. The human qualities of Dobrynya are determined by the property that is called "vezhestvo" in the epics. Dobrynya is reasonable in speech, restrained, tactful. His knowledge is "born", that is, congenital, and not externally acquired and therefore often lost. Dobrynya is a caring son and loving husband. In the following lines, we are convinced of his disobedience and the choice of his decision, but at the same time he remembers the words of his mother.

"Mother Dobrynyushka used to say
Native Nikitich punished:
You do not ride up the Sorochinskaya mountain,
Do not trample there you little serpents,
Do not swim, Dobrynya, in Puchaireki;
The melting river swirls,
A whirring river, even an angry one:
From the very first trickle, it cuts like fire,
From another trickle, a spark pours down,
Because of the third trickle, the smoke is pouring in a column,
Smoke puffs down and itself with flame.
This mother Puchairek
Like a rain gully. "

Chapter 2 ... The popularity of cartoons among children and adolescents

2.1. The specifics of modern cartoons

It is unlikely that there is at least one child who does not like to watch cartoons. Cartoons for children are a fascinating immersion in the magical world, vivid impressions. The modern film industry, both domestic and foreign, is striking in its diversity, including cartoons.

Many psychologists believe that the heroes of favorite cartoons for children are quite an effective educational tool. Characters from the screens actively influence the children's imagination, demonstrating how to behave in a given situation. Children very often imitate the behavior and manner of speech of cartoon characters. Cartoons influence the formation of a child's personality.

Bright, spectacular, imaginative on the one hand and simple, unobtrusive, accessible on the other, cartoons are close in their developing, educational capabilities to a fairy tale, game, live human communication. Characters of cartoons show the child a variety of ways to interact with the world around them. They form ideas about good and evil, standards of good and bad behavior. The events taking place in the cartoon make it possible to develop his thinking and imagination, to shape his worldview.

2.2. Displaying the image of Dobrynya Nikitich in cartoons

In the cartoon, Dobrynya Nikitich is listed in the service of the Prince of Kiev, as befits heroes. He honestly and regularly fulfills his duties, strictly fulfilling the instructions of the Prince. Dobrynya protects the Principality of Kiev, collects tribute from enemies and subordinate principalities, and in general - does everything that the service of a hero of the Russian land requires. Dobrynya Nikitich is an accomplished family man - the only cartoon character of this kind, whose story does not end at the end of the cartoon with a noisy wedding. Dobrynya has been serving the Prince of Kiev for many years, not doubting the validity of his orders. But another request of the Prince makes Dobrynya doubt her honesty. As a true hero, Dobrynya Nikitich resolves the conflict, despite all the obstacles, difficulties and obstacles. Dobrynya patiently treats his annoying and very talkative companion Elisha, teaching him the wisdom of heroic science. Dobrynya is a colorful, vivid and most noticeable cartoon character. He embodies the most characteristic features of the collective image of the hero. He, by definition, carries with him calmness, confidence, strength and reasonable courage. Dobrynya Nikitich knows how to be both serious and funny at the same time, he is able to surprise with his spontaneity and sincerity, he admires as the most ingenuous cartoon character. Even in the difficult and ambiguous situation of the cartoon, Dobrynya Nikitich remains the same honest and kind hero who will be able to find the truth even among the most cunning machinations and dishonest tricks. In Dobryna Nikitich one can recognize the traits of all famous Russian heroes - sincerity, kindness, courage, calmness, valor and, of course, boundless courage.

2.3 The plot of the cartoon

"Dobrynya Nikitich and the Serpent Gorynych" - full-lengthcartoonstudio "Melnitsa"... It is an example of a full-length family cartoon, a new genre for Russian animation. Messenger Elisey falls in love with the beautiful Zabava Putyatishna and is ready to do anything for her, even to fight the Serpent Gorynych.Dobrynya Nikitich, the glorious Russian hero, and his disciple Elisha went to the villain Snake Gorynych to help out some fun. And Dobrynya did not even know that the Prince of Kiev himself had a hand in kidnapping Zabava, the prince's niece. Many obstacles stand in the way of Dobrynya, but insidious villainous plans are not destined to come true. The bogatyrs have not yet died out on the Russian land! And one of them is the valiant warrior Dobrynya Nikitich, who is in the service of the Prince of Kiev. And, it would seem, who, if not Dobryna Nikitich, should the Prince entrust with the difficult task - to save Fun from the clawed paws of the Snake Gorynych who abducted her? But Prince Dobrynya does not let go in search of his niece. It’s not easy, oh, it’s not easy for Dobrynya and his young disciple Elisha. Moreover, Dobrynya does not know, and does not even realize that the Prince himself has been put in a hopeless position, and that he is not at all interested in the return of his niece. Dobrynya faces a difficult test - to learn the bitterness of betrayal. But the villainous plans will not come true - and even the insidious Baba Yaga will be powerless in front of the direct and honest Dobrynya and his friend Elisha!

Chapter 3 Comparative characteristics of the epic "Dobrynya and the Serpent"

and the cartoon Dobrynya Nikitich and the Serpent Gorynych.

3.1 Comparison of plots of two works.

After reviewing the content of the epic "Dobrynya and the Serpent" and watching the cartoon "Dobrynya Nikitich and the Serpent Gorynych", you can make the following comparison:

3.2. Comparison of the heroes of the two works

In the epic, as in the cartoon, the same characters are displayed: Prince, Dobrynya, Serpent, Zabava. However, the images of these characters in the epic differ significantly from the images of the same characters in the cartoon.

3.3. Russian folk speech and music in the epic and their display in the cartoon.

In ancient times, epics were performed by folk storytellers, to the accompaniment of an ancient stringed instrument called a gusli.If one reads expressively the beginning of "Epics about Dobryna Nikitich":
"I will take a sonorous, springy harp and tune the harp in the old fashion, I’ll start the old-time old, the past about the deeds of the Slavnorussian hero Dobrynya Nikitich. kind people for obedience. "It can be concluded that the epics are characterized by a special purely tonic epic verse (which is based on the commensurability of the lines in terms of the number of stresses, which achieves rhythmic uniformity). Although the storytellers used only a few melodies in the performance of the epics, they enriched the singing with a variety of intonations, and also changed the timbre of the voice. The storytellers loved to sing about his greatness, Dobrynya was calm, courteous, well-read, knew how to deal with foreign guests, knew skillful games. But people especially fell in love with how Dobrynya sang about the deeds of the soldiers to the sound of the old gusli. In the red spring, Dobrynya Nikitich returned from a campaign for the Puchai river. He put on the dress of a simple fellow, took the spring harp and went to a feast to Prince Vladimir. The prince's servants did not want to let the uninvited guest into the mansion. This did not embarrass the guslar-hero, and he did this: from the gate - love collars, from the doors - courtiers, they pushed them away. As the guslar struck the strings, all the guests were heard. Dobrynya played in different ways - sometimes in a touching, sad, sometimes in a daring and funny way, so that everyone's legs went into a dance, they asked for a dance. The guests listened to the guslar ringing, said with surprise:

"But we, brothers, have lived forever and ever

And such a game has never been seen in the world,

Yes, in this world has not been heard ... "

Unlike the epic, the cartoon is made in the style of the so-called "parody of a fairy tale", the ancestor of which is "Shrek" and has all its characteristic elements:

1. General humorous tone.
2. Ironic inconsistency of some characters and actions with their fabulous "prototypes" (for example, the Serpent Gorynych turns out to be a "good guy" and a friend of Dobrynya).
3. Using clichés from popular films: Serpent Gorynych evades the Matrix, Kolyvan says the phrase “And now - humpback! I said: humpback! " "Meeting place can not be Changed"
4. The phrase "What is the strength, brother?", Which Dobrynya utters, is borrowed from the "Brother" dilogy.
5. Phrases "Well, what are we going to do with him?" and "Cut off his head!" - an illusion based on M. Bulgakov's novel The Master and Margarita.
6. Mentions of things characteristic of the present time, and therefore comic (Dobrynya: "You don't know what to do? Fell down, squeezed out! Ten times! .. Twenty! Come back, I will assign you to the squad. They will teach you everything there!" mind modern army) or Kolyvan, in exchange for services, promises Baba Yaga a "Dacha near Kiev").
7. The hero from the cartoon "Alyosha Popovich and Tugarin the Serpent" is also present. A portrait of Tugarin the Snake hangs in the background at the Basurman checkpoint in the main yurt of Khan Beket. In addition, Elisey passes Rostov (the city of Alyosha Popovich) when he delivers a letter to Dobryna. Also, the wedding table in the final scene passed through Rostov.
8. The statuette that Khan Beket takes from the rent is the symbol of the Oscar.

Sociological survey

In the course of my research, it was not uninteresting for me to find out whether today's generation of young people and our teachers are familiar with such a genre as an epic. Children and teachers of our lyceum took part in my sociological survey.

Question 1. Have you read the epic Dobrynya and the Serpent?

On the diagram, we can see that only 50% of schoolchildren and 80% of teachers are familiar with this genre. And this suggests that modern schoolchildren read little and are interested in old epic works.

Question 2: Have you watched the cartoon"Dobrynya Nikitich and the Serpent Gorynych"?

On the diagram, we see that 78% of the children watched this cartoon and only 46% of the teachers. The conclusion involuntarily suggests itself that in modern society In the age of informatization, children spend more and more time at the computer, and less at reading books. The epic is more and more forgotten, and Russian folklore is promoted from TV screens through modern animation. Various effects are used to attract the attention of children, three-dimensional graphics, clichés from popular films, ironic inconsistency of some characters and actions with their fabulous “prototypes” (for example, the Serpent Gorynych turns out to be a “good guy” and a friend of Dobrynya).

After examining the comparative characteristics of the two works, the following conclusions can be drawn:

1.The heroes of the epic and the cartoon are imprinted with the time in which they were created, which makes them different from each other. The purpose of creating texts is different

2. The plot of the epic practically does not coincide with the plot of the cartoon. This heroic blockbuster does not convey to the modern viewer the ideological content of the epic Dobrynya and the Serpent. In addition, in the modern interpretation of this epic, there is an almost complete discrepancy with the epic language.

3. Characters in the cartoon are interpreted quite differently than in Old Russian epic... In addition, new characters have been added to the film, which complicates the plot and changes the relationship between the characters..

Conclusion

The practical significance of my work lies in the fact that the material outlined in it can be further used in the study of the topic "Epics" in the lessons of the Moscow Art College, an optional course in traditional Russian folklore, folk poetry of the Russian people, as well as on class hours based on epic folk art. The research material will be useful, in my opinion, not only to the current generation of schoolchildren, but also to future generations. The research material has enriched me with knowledge in the field of Russian folklore, as he is deeply patriotic in character, plot, expressiveness.

Literature

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22. Yudin Yu.I. Heroic epics (poetic art). Moscow: Nauka, 1975.

Dobrynya Nikitich is one of the most famous Russian heroes. Companion of Ilya Muromets and Alyosha Popovich, their loyal comrade and combat friend. The epics describe their joint exploits, as well as the amazing qualities of the hero himself. In addition to the fact that Dobrynya possessed remarkable strength, he was also famous for his ingenuity, tactics, and a brilliant mind. His diplomatic abilities perfectly complemented his excellent physical strength, agility, and a heroic physique.

The surviving epics say that Dobrynya served at the court of Prince Vladimir, was his loyal subject, carried out the most dangerous and difficult assignments. The hero's wife is the daughter of a famous hero, Mikula Selyaninovich. Her name was Nastasya.

The image of a hero - an epic hero

(V. Vasnetsov "Fight of Dobrynya Nikitich with the seven-headed Serpent Gorynych" 1918)

The basis for creating an epic image is real person- Voivode Dobrynya. He is the uncle of Prince Vladimir, the brother of his mother. Epic patronymic "Nikitich" - in honor of the Ryazan commander Nikita. Such a composite image had similarities with real characters, and was also supplemented with the most positive qualities, which testifies to the people's love for the hero.

If we take into account those plots in which a character is even mentioned in passing, there are more than 50 of them. The epic, which describes the image and exploits of Dobrynya Nikitich, as the central figure - 8. They describe his fights with Ilya Muromets, Dunai Ivanovich, wrestling with a snake. The epics about Dobryna Nikitich also tell us about Alyosha Popovich, Vasily Kazimirovich, Nastya, the search for a bride for the prince.

Feats and heroism of the Russian hero

(Illustration - Dobrynya Nikitich defeats the Serpent Gorynych)

Historical events are reflected in epics along with artistic framing, easy to understand. The real story of the search for a wife for the prince - Rogneda, formed the basis of the corresponding epic. The plot about the fight with the snake in the Novgorod district is also mentioned in the chronicle. Thanks to these feats, Dobrynya was called “the serpent fighter”, “matchmaker” for a long time. The epic Dobrynya Nikitich and Marina describes his struggle with the famous sorceress, whose magic was known throughout Russia. His struggle against various cults and paganism is also manifested in that epic where a bogatyr is baptized by a whole village of Novgorodians.

Dobrynya Nikitich had a subtle mind, which helped him to conduct military operations especially skillfully, without resorting to a large number of victims - he always knew how to choose the right words, negotiated. The skills and knowledge of a real governor are also reflected in the character of the hero of epics. In particular, it is mentioned that Dobrynya knew 12 different languages, and also spoke "bird-like".

The feats that frightened the others turned out to be simple for Dobrynya Nikitich and his comrades, could not frighten them. Together they were invincible, their military qualities complemented each other. As a true warrior, whose fearlessness is an example for generations, Dobrynya died in an honest battle. Death overtook him near the Kalki River, near which he was buried. A mound named after Dobrynya was poured on his grave with honors.

For the Russian people, Dobrynya Nikitich is an example of courage and bravery. His exploits are an example of love for his land and compatriots.