The tables present the mass specific heat of combustion of fuel (liquid, solid and gaseous) and some other combustible materials. Such fuel is considered as: coal, firewood, coke, peat, kerosene, oil, alcohol, gasoline, natural gas, etc.

List of tables:

With an exothermic fuel oxidation reaction, its chemical energy goes to thermal with the release of a certain amount of heat. Formed thermal energy It is customary to call the warmth of fuel combustion. It depends on its chemical composition, humidity and is the main one. The heat of combustion of fuel, attributed to 1 kg of mass or 1 m 3 of volume forms a massive or bulk specific heat of combustion.

The specific heat of combustion of fuel is the amount of heat released in full combustion of the mass unit or the volume of solid, liquid or gaseous fuel. In the international system of units, this value is measured in J / kg or J / m 3.

Specific heat combustion of fuel can be determined experimentally or calculated analytically. Experimental methods for determining calorific value are based on a practical measurement of the amount of heat released during fuel burning, for example in a calorimeter with a thermostat and a bomb for incineration. For fuel with a known chemical composition, the specific heat of combustion can be determined by the Mendeleev formula.

The highest and lower specific heat of combustion is distinguished. The highest heat of the combustion is equal to the maximum amount of heat released in full combustion of fuel, taking into account the heat spent on evaporation of moisture contained in the fuel. Net calorific value less value Higher on the magnitude of the heat of condensation, which is formed from the moisture of fuel and hydrogen of the organic mass, which turns into water when burning into water.

To determine the quality of fuel quality, as well as in thermal calculations usually use lower specific heat combustionwhich is an essential thermal and operational characteristic of fuel and is given in the tables below.

Specific heat combustion of solid fuel (coal, firewood, peat, coke)

The table shows the values \u200b\u200bof the specific heat of the combustion of dry solid fuel in the dimension of MJ / kg. The fuel in the table is located by name in alphabetical order.

The cinema coal is the highest calorific value from the considered solid fuels of fuel - its specific heat of combustion is 36.3 MJ / kg (or in units of C 36.3 · 10 6 J / kg). In addition, the high heat of the combustion is characteristic of stone coal, anthracite, charcoal and corner bromot.

Low energy efficiency fuels can be attributed to wood, firewood, powder, fravenf, combustible shale. For example, the specific heat combustion of firewood is 8.4 ... 12.5, and powder - only 3.8 MJ / kg.

Specific heat combustion of solid fuel (coal, firewood, peat, coke)

Fuel
Anthracite	26,8…34,8
Wood granules (pillars)	18,5
Firewood dry	8,4…11
Firewood birch dry	12,5
Coke Gas	26,9
Dominal coke	30,4
Halfox	27,3
Powder	3,8
Slanets	4,6…9
Gorry slates	5,9…15
Solid rocket fuel	4,2…10,5
Peat	16,3
Peat fibrous	21,8
Peat milling	8,1…10,5
Peat crumb	10,8
Coal brown	13…25
Coal brown (briquettes)	20,2
Coal brown (dust)	25
Coal Donetsky	19,7…24
Charcoal	31,5…34,4
Coal stone	27
Coal Coxpy	36,3
Coal Kuznetsky	22,8…25,1
Corol Chelyabinsky	12,8
Coal Ekibastuzsky	16,7
Freserf	8,1
Slag	27,5

Specific heat combustion of liquid fuel (alcohol, gasoline, kerosene, oil)

A table of specific heat combustion of liquid fuel and some other organic fluids is given. It should be noted that high heat dissipation during combustion are fuels such as: gasoline, diesel fuel and oil.

The specific heat of the combustion of alcohol and acetone is significantly lower than traditional motor fuels. In addition, the relatively low value of the heat of combustion has a liquid rocket fuel and - with full combustion of 1 kg of these hydrocarbons, the amount of heat equal to 9.2 and 13.3 mJ, respectively, is distinguished.

Specific heat combustion of liquid fuel (alcohol, gasoline, kerosene, oil)

Fuel	Specific heat combustion, MJ / kg
Acetone	31,4
Gasoline A-72 (GOST 2084-67)	44,2
Gasoline Aviation B-70 (GOST 1012-72)	44,1
Gasoline AI-93 (GOST 2084-67)	43,6
Benzene	40,6
Diesel fuel winter (GOST 305-73)	43,6
Diesel Fuel Satellite (GOST 305-73)	43,4
Liquid rocket fuel (kerosene + liquid oxygen)	9,2
Kerosene Aviation	42,9
Kerosene Lighting (GOST 4753-68)	43,7
Xylene.	43,2
Fairy fuel	39
Masout is alusty	40,5
Low oily fuel oil	41,7
Mazut sulfur	39,6
Methyl alcohol (methanol)	21,1
n-butyl alcohol	36,8
Oil	43,5…46
Oil methane	21,5
Toluene	40,9
White Spirit (GOST 313452)	44
Ethylene glycol	13,3
Ethyl alcohol (ethanol)	30,6

Specific heat combustion of gaseous fuel and combustible gases

A table of specific heat combustion of gaseous fuel and some other combustible gases in the dimension of MJ / kg is presented. Of the considered gases, the largest mass specific heat of combustion is different. With the full combustion of one kilogram of this gas, 119.83 MJ heat is allocated. Also, such fuel as natural gas is also a high calorific value - the specific heat of the combustion of natural gas is 41 ... 49 MJ / kg (in pure 50 mJ / kg).

Specific heat combustion of gaseous fuel and combustible gases (hydrogen, natural gas, methane)

Fuel	Specific heat combustion, MJ / kg
1-buten	45,3
Ammonia	18,6
Acetylene	48,3
Hydrogen	119,83
Hydrogen, mixture with methane (50% H 2 and 50% CH 4 by weight)	85
Hydrogen, mixture with methane and carbon oxide (33-33-33% by weight)	60
Hydrogen, mixture with carbon oxide (50% H 2 50% CO 2 by weight)	65
Gas blast furnaces	3
Gas coke overseas	38,5
Gas liquefied hydrocarbon Sug (propane-butane)	43,8
Isobutan	45,6
Methane	50
n-buthin	45,7
n-hexane	45,1
n-pentan	45,4
Associated gas	40,6…43
Natural gas	41…49
Adapada	46,3
Propane	46,3
Propylene	45,8
Propylene, a mixture with hydrogen and carbon monoxide (90% -9% -1% by weight)	52
Ethane	47,5
Ethylene	47,2

Specific heat combustion of some combustible materials

There is a table of specific heat combustion of some combustible materials (, wood, paper, plastic, straw, rubber, etc.). It should be noted materials with high heat dissipation during combustion. Such materials include: rubber of various types, expanded polystyrene (foam), polypropylene and polyethylene.

Specific heat combustion of some combustible materials

Fuel	Specific heat combustion, MJ / kg
Paper	17,6
Leatherette	21,5
Wood (bars humidity 14%)	13,8
Wood in stabels	16,6
Oak wood	19,9
Spouse wood	20,3
Wood green	6,3
Wood pine	20,9
Capron.	31,1
Carbolite products	26,9
Cardboard	16,5
Rubber Butadienestyrene SKS-30Ar	43,9
Natural rubber	44,8
Synthetic rubber	40,2
Kauchuk SCS	43,9
Chloroprene rubber	28
Linoleum polyvinyl chloride	14,3
Linoleum polyvinyl chloride two-layer	17,9
Linoleum Polyvinyl chloride on a felt basis	16,6
Linoleum polyvinyl chloride on a warm base	17,6
Linoleum polyvinyl chloride on a tissue basis	20,3
Rubber Linoleum (Relin)	27,2
Paraffin hard	11,2
PKV-1 foam	19,5
FS-7 foam	24,4
FPHA foam	31,4
PSB-C polystyrene foam	41,6
Polyurene Foolder	24,3
Plate tree fiber	20,9
Polyvinyl chloride (PVC)	20,7
Polycarbonate	31
Polypropylene	45,7
Polystyrene.	39
High pressure polyethylene	47
Low-pressure polyethylene	46,7
Rubber	33,5
Ruberoid	29,5
Channel soot	28,3
Hay	16,7
Straw	17
Organic glass (plexiglass)	27,7
Textolit	20,9
Tol	16
TNT	15
Cotton	17,5
Cellulose	16,4
Wool and wool fibers	23,1

Sources:

1. GOST 147-2013 solid mineral fuel. Determination of the highest heat combustion and the calculation of the lower heat of combustion.
2. GOST 21261-91 Petroleum products. The method of determining the highest heat of combustion and calculating the lower heat of combustion.
3. GOST 22667-82 Fuel combustible gases. The estimated method for determining the heat of combustion, relative density and the number of Vobbe.
4. GOST 31369-2008 Natural gas. Calculation of heat of combustion, density, relative density and number Vobbe based on component composition.
5. Zemsky G. T. The flammable properties of inorganic and organic materials: Handbook M.: VNIIPO, 2016 - 970 p.

Working lessons (abstract lessons)

Line UMK A. V. Pryskin. Physics (7-9)

Attention! Site Administration Website is not responsible for the content methodological developments, as well as for the compliance of the development of GEF.

"To warm the others, the candle must burn"

M. Faraday.

Purpose:To study the use of internal fuel energy, heat release during fuel combustion.

Tasks lesson:

educational:

• repeat and consolidate knowledge over the material passed;
• introduce the concept of fuel energy, specific heat combustion of fuel;
• continue the development of the skills of solving settlement tasks.

developing:

• develop analytical thinking;
• develop the skills to work with tables and draw conclusions;
• develop the ability of students to put forward hypotheses, argue them, competently express their thoughts out loud;
• develop observation and attention.

educational:

• bring up a careful attitude to the use of fuel resources;
• bring up interest in the subject through the connection of the material being studied with real life;
• educating the skills of communicative communication.

Subsection:

Students should know:

• the specific heat combustion of fuel is physical quantityshowing how the amount of heat is allocated with full combustion of fuel weighing 1 kg;
• when combustion of fuel, significant energy is distinguished, which is used in everyday life, industry, agriculture, in power plants, in road transport;
• unit of measuring the specific heat combustion of fuel.

Students should be able to:

• explain the process of energy release during fuel combustion;
• use the table of specific heat combustion of fuel;
• compare the specific heat of combustion of fuel of various substances and energy that is emitted during the combustion of various types of fuel.

Students should apply:

• the formula for calculating the energy that was mediated during the combustion of the fuel.

Type of lesson:lesson studying a new material.

Equipment: Candle, plate, glass, Plant leaf, dry fuel, 2 alcohol, gasoline, alcohol, 2 water test tubes.

During the classes

1. Orgmant.

Greeting students, readiness checking for a lesson.

It is known that the great scientist M. V. Lomonosov in 1744 worked on the treatise "Reflections on the cause of warmth and cold". Heat phenomena play a huge role in the world around us, in human life, plants, animals, as well as in the technique.

Let's check how well you learned these knowledge.

2. Motivation to educational activities.

Do you have questions on homework? Let's check how you coped with him:

• two students pose a solution to homework on the board.

1) Determine the absolute humidity of air in the pantry with a volume of 10 m 3, if it contains water vapor weighing 0.12 kg.

2) The water vapor pressure in air is 0.96 kPa, the relative humidity of the air is 60%. What is the pressure of a saturated water vapor at the same temperature?

• 1 student (Dima) on the board fills the scheme;

task: Subscribe near each arrow The name of the processes and the formula for calculating the amount of heat in each of them

• In the meantime, the guys work at the board, we will fulfill another task.

Look at the text shown on the slide, and find the physical errors that author allowed (offer the right answer):

1) In a bright sunny day, the guys went hike. To be not so hot guys dressed in dark suits. In the evening it became fresh, but after swimming it became warmer. The guys poured their hot tea into iron mugs and drank it with pleasure, do not burn. It was very cool !!!

Answer: Dark more absorbs heat; When evaporated the body temperature drops; Thermal conductivity of metals is greater, so it heats up stronger.

2) Waking up earlier than usual, Vasya immediately remembered that at eight in the morning he agreed with the Tolley to go to the river to watch ice-growing. Vasya ran out to the street, was already there. "Here's the weather today! - Instead of greeting, he delightedly said. - What is the sun, and the temperature in the morning is -2 degrees Celsius. " "No, -4", objected Vasya. The boys needed, then realized what was the matter. "I have a thermometer in the wind, and in your secluded place, so yours and shows more"," I guessed toly. And the guys ran, sleeping on puddles.

Answer: If there is a wind, evaporation occurs more intensively, so the first thermometer should show the temperature below; At temperatures below 00С water freezes.

Well done, all mistakes found right.

Let's check the correctness of the solution of tasks (students who decide the tasks comment on their decision).

Now let's check how Dima coped with his task.

Did all phase transitions named true? What happens if you put a wooden wand in the flame? (She will burn)

You really noticed that the combustion process occurs.

Probably, you have already guessed what we will talk about today (hypotheses nominate).

What do you think, what questions can we answer at the end of the lesson?

• understand physical meaning combustion process;
• find out what the amount of heat released during combustion depends;
• find out application this process in life, in everyday life, etc.

3. New material.

Every day we can observe how natural gas burns in the burner plate. This is the process of combustion of fuel.

Experience number 1. Candle is fixed at the bottom of the plate with plasticine. I'll light the candle, then close it with a can. A few moments later, the flame candle will go out.

A problem situation is created, with the solution of which students conclude: the candle burns in the presence of oxygen.

Questions to class:

What is accompanied by the process of burning?

Why is the candle goes out? What are the conditions under which the burning process is?

Due to what energy is distinguished?

To do this, recall the structure of the substance.

What is the substance about? (from molecules, molecules from atoms)

What types of energy has a molecule? (kinetic and potential)

Is it possible to divide the molecule to atoms? (Yes)

To split molecules to atoms, it is necessary to overcome the forces of attraction of atoms, and therefore work, that is, to spend energy.

When connecting atoms in a molecule, the energy, on the contrary, is allocated. Such a compound of atoms in the molecule occurs and when burning fuel. Conventional fuel contains carbon. You correctly determined that without air access, the combustion is impossible. When combustion, carbon atoms are connected to oxygen atoms, which are contained in the air, the molecule is formed. carbon dioxide And energy is distinguished in the form of heat.

And now let's spend experience and see the simultaneous burning of several types of fuel: gasoline, dry fuel, alcohol and paraffin (Experience # 2).

What is general and what differs the burning of each type of fuel?

Yes, with the combustion of any substances, other substances of combustion products are formed. For example, when combustion of firewood remains ash and distinguished carbon dioxide, cut and other gases .

But, the main purpose of fuel is to give warm!

Let's consider another experience.

Experience number 3:(on two identical alcohols: one is filled with gasoline, another alcohol, the same amount of water heats up).

Questions by experience:

Due to what energy water is heated?

And how to determine the amount of heat that went to heat the water?

In which case water boiled faster?

What conclusion can be made from experience?

What fuel, alcohol or gasoline, allocated more heat with full combustion? (Gasoline is more heat than alcohol).

Teacher: A physical value showing how the amount of heat is allocated in full combustion of the fuel weighing 1 kg, is called the specific heat of combustion of fuel, indicated by the letter Q. Unit of measurement of J / kg.

The specific heat of combustion is determined by the experience of rather complex devices.

The results of the experimental data are shown in the Tutorial Table (pp.128).

Let's work with this table.

Questions on the table:

1. What is the specific heat of the combustion of gasoline? (44 MJ / kg)
2. What does this mean? (This means that with full combustion of gasoline weighing 1 kg, 44 MJ energy stands out).
3. What substance has the smallest specific heat of combustion? (firewood).
4. What fuel during combustion gives the most amount of warmth? (hydrogen, because its specific heat combustion is greater than others).
5. How much is the amount of heat during combustion 2 kg of alcohol? How did you define it?
6. What do you need to know to calculate the amount of heat released during combustion?

It is concluded that in order to find the amount of warmth you need to know not only the specific heat of the combustion of fuel, but also its mass.

It means that the total amount of heat is Q (J), allocated with full combustion of M (kg) of fuel, is calculated by the formula: Q. = q. · m.

We write to the notebook.

And how to find from this formula a mass of burnable fuel?

Express the specific heat of combustion from the formula. (You can call a student to the formula record)

Fizkultminutka

We are tired. Let's break a little. Straighten your back. Scatter your shoulders. I will call fuel, and if you think it is solid, lower your head down, if liquid, then raise your hands up, and if gaseous - pull your hands forward.

Coal is solid.

Natural gas is gaseous.

Oil - liquid.

Wood - solid.

Gasoline - liquid.

Peat - solid.

Anthracite is solid.

Kerosene - liquid.

Coxoval gas is gaseous.

Well done! The most attentive and sports with us ... Sit down.

Teacher: Guys! Let's think about the question: "The process of combustion to a person or an enemy?"

Experience number 4. We will repeat the experience with burning candles, but now next to the candles we will put a piece of plants.

See what happened to the plant next to the flame of the candle?

So When using fuel, you do not need to forget about the harm of combustion products for living organisms.

4. Fastening.

Guys, but tell me please, what is the fuel for us? IN human organism The role of fuel plays food. Different types of food, as well as different types of fuel, contain a different energy supply. (Show the table on the computer "Specific heat combustion of food").

	Specific heat combustion of fuel Q, MJ / kg
Wheat bread
Rye bread
Potatoes
Beef
Chicken's meat
Butter
Cottage cheese
Sunflower oil
Grapes
Chocolate roll
Cream ice cream
Kirieshki
Sweet tea
"Coca Cola"
Black currant

I suggest you to merge into groups (1 and 2, 3 and 4 part) and perform the following tasks (by handout). You have 5 minutes to execute, after which we will discuss the results obtained.

Tasks to groups:

• 1 Group: When preparing for lessons within 2 hours, you spend 800 cj energy. Do you restore the stock of energy if you eat a pack of chips 28g and drink a glass of "Coca-Cola" (200g)?
• Group 2: What height can be climbing a lot of 70 kg weighing, if you eat an oil sandwich (100g wheat bread and 50g cream oil).
• 3 Group: Do you have enough consumption during the day 100 g of cottage cheese, 50 g of wheat bread, 50 g of beef and 100 g potatoes, 200 g of sweet tea (1 cup). The required amount of energy for graduate grade 8 is 1.2 MJ.
• 4 Group: With what speed should there be an athlete with a mass of 60 kg, if it is eating an oil sandwich (100g wheat bread and 50g cream oil).
• 5 Group: How many chocolate can eat a teenager weighing 55 kg to fill the energy spent when reading a book sitting? (In one hour)

Exemplary teen energy consumption weighing 55 kg in 1 hour under various activities

Washing dishes
Preparation for lessons
Reading about yourself
Sit (alone)
Physical charging

• 6 Group: Does the athlete weighing 70 kg energy reserve after swimming for 20 minutes if you eat 50 g of rye bread and 100 g of beef?

Exemplary human energy consumption in 1 hour under various activities (per 1 kg of mass)

Groups are the solution of the task on the Watman sheet, then alternately go to the board and explain it.

5. Reflection. The outcome of the lesson.

Let's remember what tasks did we put in front of ourselves at the beginning of the lesson? Did we achieve all?

The guys in a circle are expressed by one sentence, choosing the beginning of the phrase from the reflexive screen on the board:

• today I learned ...
• it was interesting…
• it was difficult…
• i performed tasks ...
• i realized that ...
• now I can…
• i felt that ...
• i purchased ...
• i learned…
• i managed …
• i could ...
• i'll try…
• i was surprised ...
• the lesson gave me for life ...
• i wanted…

1. What's new learned in the lesson?

2. Will these knowledge come up in life?

Estimating estimates for the lesson most active students.

6. D.Z.

1. Paragraph 10.
2. Task (1 to choice):

• Level 1: How much heat during combustion give 10 kg of charcoal?
• 2. Level: With full combustion of oil, 132 kJ of energy selected. What is the mass of oil burned down?
• 3 level: how much heat is highlighted with full combustion of 0.5 liters of alcohol (alcohol density of 800 kg / m3)

Comparative table: Fuel types (advantages and disadvantages)

When a certain amount of fuel burns, a measurable amount of heat is distinguished. According to the international system units, the value is expressed in Joules on a kg or m 3. But the parameters can be calculated in Kcal or kW. If the value is correlated with a unit of fuel measurement, it is called specific.

What does the caloriness of various fuels affect the caloriness? What is the value of the indicator for liquid, solid and gaseous substances? Answers to the designated issues are detailed in the article. In addition, we have prepared a table with the display of specific heat combustion of materials - this information is useful when choosing a high-energy type of fuel.

Energy release during combustion should be characterized by two parameters: high efficiency and absence of harmful substances.

Artificial fuel is obtained in the process of processing natural -. Regardless of the aggregate state of the substance, in its chemical composition, they have a fuel and non-combustible part. The first is carbon and hydrogen. The second consists of water, mineral salts, nitrogen, oxygen, metals.

By aggregate state Fuel is divided into liquid, solid and gas. Each group additionally branches on a natural and artificial subgroup (+)

When combustion, 1 kg of such a "mixture" distinguishes different amounts of energy. How many precisely this energy is separated, depends on the proportions of the specified elements - combustible part, humidity, ash, and other components.

The heat of combustion of fuel (TST) is formed from two levels - higher and lower. The first indicator is obtained due to condensation of water, in the second this factor is not taken into account.

The lowest TST is needed for calculating the need for a combustible and its cost, with the help of such indicators are compiled thermal balances And the efficiency of the installations operating on fuel is determined.

Calculate the TST can be analytically or experimentally. If a chemical composition Fuel is known, the formula of Mendeleev is applied. Experimental techniques are based on the actual measurement of heat during fuel combustion.

In these cases, a special bomb for combustion is used - calorimetric together with a calorimeter and thermostat.

Features of calculations are individual for each type of fuel. Example: TST in internal combustion engines is calculated from the lowest value, because in the cylinders, the liquid is not condensed.

Parameters of liquid substances

Liquid materials, as well as solid, are unfolded to the following components: carbon, hydrogen, sulfur, oxygen, nitrogen. The percentage ratio is expressed by weight.

Internal organic ballast of fuel is formed from oxygen and nitrogen, these components are not lit and are included as conditionally. External ballast is formed from moisture and ash.

High-speed heat combustion is observed from gasoline. Depending on the brand, it is 43-44 MJ.

Similar indicators of the specific heat of combustion are determined by the aviation kerosene - 42.9 mJ. In the category of leaders in the value of the calorific value, diesel fuel falls - 43.4-43.6 MJ.

Relatively low values \u200b\u200bof TS are characterized by liquid rocket fuel, ethylene glycol. The minimum specific heat of combustion is distinguished by alcohol and acetone. Their indicators are significantly lower than that of traditional motor fuel.

Properties of gaseous fuel

Gaseous fuel consists of carbon oxide, hydrogen, methane, ethane, propane, butane, ethylene, benzene, hydrogen sulfide and other components. These indicators are expressed as a percentage of volume.

Hydrogen is characterized by the greatest warmth of combustion. Burning, a kilogram of the substance highlights 119.83 MJ heat. But it is distinguished by an increased degree of explosion

High performance of calorific value is observed in natural gas.

They are equal to 41-49 MJ by kg. But, for example, in pure methane heat combustion more - 50 MJ by kg.

Comparative table indicators

The table shows the values \u200b\u200bof the mass specific heat of the combustion of liquid, solid, gaseous varieties of fuel.

Type of fuel	Units. change	Specific heat combustion
		MJ.	kw	kkal
Firewood: Oak, Birch, ash, beech, Grab	kg	15	4,2	2500
Firewood: larch, pine, spruce	kg	15,5	4,3	2500
Coal brown	kg	12,98	3,6	3100
Coal stone	kg	27,00	7,5	6450
Charcoal	kg	27,26	7,5	6510
Anthracite	kg	28,05	7,8	6700
Pellet wood	kg	17,17	4,7	4110
Pellet Solomenny	kg	14,51	4,0	3465
Pelleta from sunflower	kg	18,09	5,0	4320
Sawdust	kg	8,37	2,3	2000
Paper	kg	16,62	4,6	3970
Vine	kg	14,00	3,9	3345
Natural gas	m 3.	33,5	9,3	8000
Liquefied gas	kg	45,20	12,5	10800
Petrol	kg	44,00	12,2	10500
Diz. fuel	kg	43,12	11,9	10300
Methane	m 3.	50,03	13,8	11950
Hydrogen	m 3.	120	33,2	28700
Kerosene	kg	43.50	12	10400
Mazut.	kg	40,61	11,2	9700
Oil	kg	44,00	12,2	10500
Propane	m 3.	45,57	12,6	10885
Ethylene	m 3.	48,02	13,3	11470

The table shows that the greatest indicators of the TST of all substances, and not only from gaseous, has hydrogen. It refers to high-energy fuels.

Product combustion of hydrogen - ordinary water. In the process, flue slags, ash, furine and carbon dioxide, which makes a substance to environmentally friendly flammable. But it is explosive and is distinguished by low density, so such fuel is difficult to liquefit and transported.

Conclusions and useful video on the topic

About the calorificities of different wood species. Comparison of indicators per m 3 and kg.

TST is the most important thermal and operational characteristics of fuel. This indicator is used in various fields. human activity: thermal engines, power plants, industry, when heating housing and cooking.

The calorific value values \u200b\u200bhelp to compare various types of fuel according to the degree of energy released, calculate the necessary mass of fuel, save on costs.

Have something to supplement, or have questions about the topic of calibration of different fuels? You can leave comments to the publication and participate in discussions - the form for communication is in the lower block.

specific heat combustion - Specific heat - themes Oil and gas industry Synonyms Specific heat EN SPECIFIC Heat ...

The amount of heat released in full combustion of the fuel weighing 1 kg. The specific heat combustion of fuel is determined by the experimental way and is an essential fuel characteristic. See also: Fuel Financial Dictionary FINAM ... Financial vocabulary

specific heat combustion bomb - the highest heat combustion of peat, taking into account the heat of formation and dissolving in the water of sulfur and nitric acids. [GOST 21123 85] Invalid, non-recommended calorific value of peat on a bomb topic Peat generalizing terms Properties of peat en ... ... Technical translator directory

specific heat combustion (fuel) - 3.1.19 Specific heat combustion (fuel): The total amount of energy released in the regulated conditions of fuel combustion. A source …

Specific heat combustion bomb - 122. The specific heat of the combustion of the bomb peat is the highest heat combustion of the peat, taking into account the heat of the formation and dissolution in the water of sulfur and nitric acids. Source: GOST 21123 85: peat. Terms and definitions of the original document ... Dictionary directory terms of regulatory and technical documentation

specific heat combustion of fuel - 35 Specific heat combustion of fuel: the total amount of energy released under established fuel combustion conditions. Source: GOST R 53905 2010: Energy saving. Terms and definitions of the original document ... Dictionary directory terms of regulatory and technical documentation

This is the amount of heat distinguished heat in full combustion of mass (for solid and liquid substances) or volume (for gaseous) units of the substance. Measured in joules or calories. The heat of the combustion, attributed to the unit of mass or the volume of fuel, ... ... Wikipedia

Modern encyclopedia

Heat combustion - (heat of burning, calorieness), the amount of heat released in full combustion of fuel. Discern the heat of combustion specific, volumetric, etc. For example, the specific heat of the combustion coal 28 34 MJ / kg, gasoline about 44 MJ / kg; Volumetric ... ... Illustrated Encyclopedic Dictionary

Heat combustion fuel specific - Specific heat combustion of fuel: the total amount of energy released in the established conditions of fuel combustion ...

In this lesson, we will learn to calculate the amount of heat that highlights the fuel during combustion. In addition, we consider the characteristic of the fuel - the specific heat of the combustion.

Since our entire life is based on the movement, and the movement is mostly based on the combustion of fuel, then the study of this topic is very important for understanding the topic "Heat phenomena".

After studying the issues related to the amount of heat and the specific heat capacity, we turn to consideration the amount of heat generated when burning fuel.

Definition

Fuel - The substance that in some processes (combustion, nuclear reactions) highlights heat. It is a source of energy.

Fuel happens solid, liquid and gaseous(Fig. 1).

Fig. 1. Types of fuel

• To solid fuels include coal and peat.
• Liquid fuels include oil, gasoline and other petroleum products.
• The gaseous types of fuels include natural gas.
• Separately, you can allocate very common recently nuclear fuel.

Fuel combustion is chemical processwhich is oxidative. When combustion, carbon atoms are combined with oxygen atoms, forming a molecule. As a result, the energy is distinguished that a person uses for its purposes (Fig. 2).

Fig. 2. The formation of carbon dioxide

For the characteristics of the fuel, this characteristic is used as saltitility. Callerity shows how much heat is released when combustion of fuel (Fig. 3). In the physics of calorificities corresponds to the concept specific heat combustion substances.

Fig. 3. Specific heat combustion

Definition

Specific heat combustion - The physical quantity characterizing the fuel is numerically equal to the amount of heat that is highlighted with full combustion of fuel.

The specific heat of the combustion is customary to signify the letter. Units:

There is no measurement units, since the combustion of fuel occurs almost at a constant temperature.

The specific heat of combustion is determined by the experimental way with the help of complex devices. However, special tables exist to solve problems. Below are the values \u200b\u200bof the specific heat of combustion for some types of fuel.

Substance

Table 4. Specific heat combustion of some substances

From the above values \u200b\u200bit can be seen that when combustion is allocated great amount Heat, therefore, measurement units (Meghadzhoule) and (Gigajouley) are used.

To calculate the amount of heat that is allocated during the combustion of the fuel, the following formula is used:

Here: - the mass of fuel (kg), is the specific heat combustion of fuel ().

In conclusion, we note that most of the fuel, which is used by humanity, is stored with solar energy. Coal, oil, gas - all this was formed on Earth due to the effects of the Sun (Fig. 4).

Fig. 4. Fuel formation

On the next lesson We will talk about the law of preserving and converting energy in mechanical and thermal processes.

Listliterature

1. Gentendestein L.E, Kaidalov AB, Kozhevnikov V.B. / Ed. Orlova V.A., Roizen I.I. Physics 8. - M.: Mnemozin.
2. Pryrickin A.V. Physics 8. - M.: Drop, 2010.
3. Fadeeva A.A., Zasov A.V., Kiselev D.F. Physics 8. - M.: Enlightenment.

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