Sections: Sports at school and children's health

Program elective course in physical culture "OFP" was developed for students in grades 9 profile level taking into account the physical development of students, the possibilities of the sports base and based on the requirements for students graduating from basic general education and is designed for 34 hours or 1 hour per week.

Purpose: increasing the motor activity of students, the formation of the foundations healthy lifestyle life, general health.

• to teach the student how to creatively apply the acquired knowledge, skills and abilities to maintain a high level of physical and mental performance, health status, improve the formed competencies;
• improvement of specific motor actions, development of motor abilities, formation of skills to train independently and carry out physical culture, health and sports activities; ?
• enable the student to realize his interest in the subject;
• clarify the readiness and ability of the student to master the chosen subject at an advanced level;
• create conditions for preparing for the elective exam in the subject “Physical Education”;
• to enable students to use the acquired knowledge in their future life and practical activities.

The methodological basis of this program of the elective course is the Educational standards of the main general education in physical education (basic and profile level).

The system of arrangement of the material, the completeness of the presentation of information, the nature of the selection of material are aimed at achieving educational, educational, informational goals outlined in the State Standard: to improve health, promote harmonious development, acquire necessary knowledge in the field of physical culture and sports, promoting the education of moral and volitional qualities, the development of mental processes and personality traits.

The material and technical base of the school allows to include classes in the following sports into the designated course: athletics, volleyball, basketball, table tennis, gymnastics with elements of acrobatics, shaping.

This work program is a type 2 program, since the number of hours allotted for development educational material, differs significantly from that in the program of the authors V.I. Lyakh and A.A. Zdanevich. In addition, in the proposed program, the educational material is supplemented with such sections as "Table Tennis" and "Shaping", and the material of the section "Basics of knowledge about physical culture" is studied in the context of a particular sport and is of key importance in the applied nature of this elective course.

1. Fundamentals of knowledge

• features of the development of the chosen sport;
• pedagogical, physiological and psychological foundations training in motor actions and education of physical qualities, modern forms of building classes and systems of physical exercises with different functional orientations;
• biodynamic features and content of physical exercises of a general developmental and corrective orientation, the basics of their use in solving problems of physical development and health promotion;
• age features development of leading mental processes and physical qualities, the possibility of forming individual traits and personality traits through regular physical education;
• psychofunctional features of one's own organism;
• individual ways to control the development of the adaptive properties of the body, improve health and improve physical fitness;
• ways of organizing independent physical exercises with different functional orientations, rules for the use of sports equipment and equipment, principles for creating the simplest sports facilities and grounds;
• rules of personal hygiene, injury prevention and first aid during physical exercises.

2. Athletics

• Running at a steady pace: 20-25 minutes. (boys), 15–20 min. (girls);
• Running at a variable pace: 10-15 minutes.

3. Sports games:

Volleyball

• player stances and movements;
• passing the ball;
• bottom feed;
• receiving the ball after serving;
• two-sided game;
• direct attack;
• single blocking.

Basketball

• standing, moving, stopping, passing and catching the ball;
• dribbling with the right and left hand;
• throwing the ball one and two from a place and on the move.

4. Gymnastics with elements of acrobatics

• vault with legs bent;
• acrobatics: rolls back; stand on the shoulder blades, turns to the side; two somersaults forward; jump up bending over.

5. Table tennis

• movement;
• hitting and serving left and right;
• direct blows with rotation;
• Single player game.

6. Shaping

• general impact exercises;
• exercises for the abdominal muscles;
• exercises for the muscles of the back;
• exercises for the gluteal muscles;
• exercises for the abductor muscles of the thigh;
• hip extensor muscles;
• exercises for the muscles of the upper shoulder girdle;
• development of various muscle groups with a change in dosage in terms of time, quantity and intensity of exercise.

Requirements to prepare students:

At the end of the program of the course "PPP", students must demonstrate the following knowledge :

Peculiarities individual lessons physical culture and sports;

Basic concepts of a healthy lifestyle;

Fundamentals of sports hygiene;

Dosage of individual physical culture and sports.

Motor skills and abilities:

Technically correct to perform the basic movements in the proposed sports;

Demonstrate the performance of an individually designed set of exercises of the general physical training.

ABOUT THE INTRODUCTION OF THE AII-RUSSIA PHYSICAL CULTURE

AND SPORTS COMPLEX TRP

N.N. Kalmykov, A.V. Yudkin, A.G. nosov

Various alternative variants of the TRP system development in the Russian Federation, its features, goals, tasks and main functions are considered on the basis of the analysis of the legislative base of the WUSC TRP, normative and legal acts of federal and regional significance. The main proposals and recommendations for improving the organization and quality of implementing this system in educational institutions are formulated. A statistical observation of the organization and implementation of the TRP has been carried out. The main problems connected with informing the population about this complex are revealed.

Key words: sport, health, GTO, legislative framework of the GTO, statistical observation, GTO standards.

Kalmykov Nikolai Nikolaevich, candidate of sociological sciences, director, [email protected], Russia, Moscow, Expert-Analytical Center of the Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration,

Yudkin Artem Vladimirovich, advisor to the chairman of the board, [email protected], Russia, Novosibirsk, Siberian Expert Center "Modernization",

Nosov Alexander Georgievich, candidate of pedagogical sciences, teacher, [email protected], Russia, Saratov, Povolzhsky Institute of Management named after Stolypin of the Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration

UDC 796.011.1:378.14

FORMATION OF COMPETENCES OF STUDENTS WITHIN THE FRAMEWORK

ELECTIVE COURSE IN PHYSICAL EDUCATION

L.T. Kudashova, N.N. Vengerov

Problems in the content of the elective course in physical culture with the aim of forming general cultural competencies among students are revealed. The article presents a methodology for organizing classes of an elective course in physical culture at a university using sports and health technologies, which takes into account the level of physical fitness and emotional state involved and contributes to the formation of specially directed competencies in female students.

Key words: competencies, elective course in physical culture, sports and health technologies, physical development, physical fitness.

Modernization higher education, in particular the introduction specialized training, opens up fundamentally new possibilities in the implementation of innovation activities at the university. In the conditions of profile training, in addition to the basic ones, new components are introduced

training - elective courses. Elective courses are the latest mechanism for updating and individualizing the learning process. With a well-designed system of elective courses, each student can receive an education with a certain desired bias in a particular field of knowledge. It is the elective disciplines that, in essence, are the most important means of building individual educational programs, because in most associated with the choice of each student of the content of education, depending on his interests, abilities, subsequent life plans. Elective courses contribute to the greatest extent to solving individual problems in the formation of the competencies of the educational standard.

Speaking about the quality of training specialists at a university, one should take into account not only the acquired knowledge, skills and experience in professional field but also psychophysical fitness. There is no doubt that the labor reserves of our country should not only be highly qualified, but also in good health. In this regard, as an indisputable position, each educational standard contains general cultural competencies aimed at forming the readiness to use the means of physical culture to increase one's physical improvement while ensuring a full-fledged social and professional activity.

In the Federal State Educational Standards of Higher Education in various areas of training of bachelors and specialists, general cultural competencies aimed at physical improvement are formulated in different ways: a student must have “the ability to maintain the proper level of physical fitness to ensure full-fledged social and professional activities, promote active longevity, a healthy lifestyle and prevention diseases"; "the ability to use the methods and means of physical culture to ensure a full-fledged social and professional activity"; “willingness to maintain the proper level of physical fitness to ensure full-fledged social and professional activities”; “the ability to apply methods and means of cognition, learning and self-control for intellectual development, raising the cultural level, professional competence, maintaining one's health, moral and physical self-improvement"; “ownership of the means of independent, methodically correct use of methods of physical education and health promotion, readiness to achieve the proper level of physical fitness to ensure full-fledged social and professional activity”; “willingness to maintain a level of physical fitness that ensures full-fledged activity”; “the ability to apply methods and means of cognition, learning and self-control for one’s own

intellectual development, raising the cultural level, professional competence, maintaining one's health, moral and physical self-improvement, etc., but their essence remains the same.

Physical perfection, according to N.V. Reshetnikov, this is a historically determined level of health and comprehensive development of people's physical abilities that meets the requirements human activity in various spheres of social labor, providing for many years a high working capacity of a person. In this context, physical perfection reflects such a degree of physical development of young people, students, their level of health, which allow them to fully realize their creative potential. Therefore, physical perfection is not just a desirable quality of a future specialist, but necessary element his personality structure.

It is physical culture that plays a leading role in solving the issues of developing the physical abilities of students. The result of education upon completion of training in the field of physical culture should be the creation of sustainable motivation and the need for a healthy and productive lifestyle, physical self-improvement, acquisition personal experience creative use of its means and methods, achievement of the established level of physical fitness.

Currently requirements federal standards to the learning process, they provide for the discipline "Physical Education" the allocation of hours in the basic part (72 hours) and elective courses with mandatory academic hours (328 hours), but without specifying the means and methods for their implementation.

This poses a problem for sports and pedagogical science that requires theoretical justification and practical solutions. Ways of implementation lie in the search for effective, attractive and affordable means for student youth, as well as in improving the process of physical education itself. After all, it is elective courses that “compensate” in many respects enough limited opportunities basic disciplines in meeting the various educational needs of students, the formation of their individual educational trajectory.

For teachers of physical culture at the university, there is an opportunity to make scientifically based changes and additions to the forms of organization, content of educational material, summing up the results of its development in elective courses, taking into account regional, socio-cultural, material and technical conditions, features vocational training students, the availability and qualifications of teaching staff.

Not only traditional means of physical culture can be used: light exercise athletics, wrestling, sports games, skiing, swimming, but also the latest modern physical culture and health technologies.

At the moment, in the practice of physical culture, a significant number of various sports and health systems have been formed, designed to promote the preservation and strengthening of the health of the population, including young students. When using this variety of systems, it is necessary to take into account the value orientations of modern youth so that the orientation towards physical culture and sports activities does not weaken.

In addition, the means of physical culture used should take into account the gender and age characteristics of students and be aimed at developing in them certain professionally significant physiological, physical and psychological functions and qualities, health status and their compliance with the nature of the professional requirements of the chosen profession in order to form the relevant competencies.

At student age, the physical maturation of the body is completed. This period can be called the final stage of the progressive age development psychophysiological and motor abilities of the organism. Young people during this period have great opportunities for intense educational work and socio-political activities. In this age range, the body retains a relatively high performance, general high level functional activity. At the same time, numerous studies indicate a low level of physical fitness and health among the majority of school graduates. In addition, many lack an elementary culture of movements, the ability to demonstrate vital motor qualities and skills in everyday life. It is often with this level of preparedness in physical culture that yesterday's schoolchildren become today's students, not to mention the fact that all health deviations that appeared in childhood are more often aggravated over the years.

Considering all of the above, we conducted research as part of the teaching of the discipline "Physical Education (elective discipline)". In our experiment, first-year students of St. Petersburg State University of Economics took part.

A preliminary survey of female students showed that the leading positive motives for attending physical education classes for them are: the desire to improve the figure - 87%, the desire to maintain health - 10%, the need to get a credit - 3%. 60.1% of respondents wished to regularly attend physical education classes, in

At the same time, 39.9% of first-year students indicate a lack of interest in physical culture.

The choice of the majority of female students involves the use of modern fitness technologies in physical education classes: preference is given to fitness - 41.2%, callanetics - 40.5%, aerobics -32.4%; aqua aerobics - 25%.

When forming motor programs within the framework of elective courses in physical culture, we used modern physical culture and health technologies, given that female students prefer exercises related to music, plasticity, and artistry. The use of dance exercises in health training plays a big role in preventing and relieving stressful condition, psychocomplexes, in general mental health improvement, which is so necessary for the intense mental work of students. A variety of exercises, constant updating of logically structured programs, a high emotional background of classes allow you to effectively solve most of the tasks of physical education in the formation of the relevant general cultural competencies.

In our research, within the framework of the elective course in physical culture, first-year students of St. Petersburg State University of Economics studied using the means of physical culture and health technologies: in the control group (CG), basic aerobics exercises were mainly used; female students of the experimental group (EG) were engaged in exercises including dance types of aerobics, callanetics, stretching, Pilates, and yoga. The experiment was carried out during a semester (four months). Classes in groups were held twice a week within the hours of classes in "Physical culture (elective discipline)". The cycle of classes ended with participation in the aerobics festival.

To assess the formation of competencies in the discipline, a fund is created evaluation tools, which is a set of control and measuring materials (assessment tools) and methods of their use, designed to determine the level of achievement by the student of the established learning outcomes.

When creating a fund of evaluation funds during physical exercises, it is necessary to efficient system monitoring of physical fitness and development, physical health of students, the results of which allow the student to determine his level of physical fitness and develop individual programs aimed at the correction and formation of a healthy lifestyle. To assess the level of physical fitness of students, exercises are used to demonstrate the main physical abilities: speed-strength endurance, static and dynamic strength, coordination, flexibility. These exercises should not differ significantly from

used in practice educational institutions to assess the level of physical fitness of secondary school graduates, as well as the standards of the RLD complex of the 5th and 6th stages (according to the age group).

At the first stage of our research, information was collected about the physical condition of female students, where it was revealed that the indicators of the manifestation of physical qualities do not correspond to the age-gender norm; vital capacity of the lungs (VC) is lower by 51.8% of the due value; indicators of the level of physical performance and physical condition correspond to a low level.

Indicators of changes in the level of physical fitness as a result of the conducted pedagogical experiment are presented in the table.

Indicators of changes in the physical fitness of female students during the pedagogical experiment

Indicator Stages Groups Reliability

experimental X ± m intergroup

cop differences

EG n=26 CG n=28 1 R

Aerobic endurance - "step test" (times/min) Beginning 83.51±3.6 79.5±3.6 1.713 >0.05

End 86.1±2.0 81.5±2.4 0.651 >0.05

1=2.54; p>0.05 1=0.68; p>0.05

Strength endurance Beginning 32.0±1.9 31.7±1.9 0.102 >0.05

- “torso lift” End 37.3±1.7 36.3±1.6 0.414 >0.05

(times/min) 1=8.78; R<0,001 1=5,64; р<0,001

Strength endurance Beginning 21.7±1.7 20.5±2.3 0.420 >0.05

- “Bending of arms to the end 27.3±1.9 26.1±2.3 0.391 >0.05

lying emphasis” (times/min) 1=2.22; R<0,001 1=5,57; р<0,001

Forward bending flexibility (cm) Onset 12.3±1.4 13.7±1.6 0.643 >0.05

End 15.1±1.25 16.1±1.6 0.512 >0.05

1=12.88; R<0,001 1=4,16; р<0,001

In the experimental group, the strength endurance of the arm muscles improved by 28% (p<0,001) и мышц брюшного пресса на 16 % (р<0,001), гибкость увеличилась на 22,2 % (р<0,001). Показатели аэробной выносливости улучшились на 5,6 % (р>0,05).

In the control group, the strength endurance of the arm muscles improved by 27.6% (p<0,001) и мышц брюшного пресса на 14,5 % (р<0,001), гибкость увеличилась на 18 % (р<0,001). Незначительно изменились показатели аэробной выносливости (р>0.05), which is explained, in our opinion, by the short duration of the experiment.

As a result of conducting an elective course in physical culture with the use of health-improving technologies during one semester in the control and experimental groups

the level of physical fitness has changed in a positive direction.

To study the influence of experimental classes on the emotional background of female students, before and after classes, at the beginning and at the end of the experiment, answer forms were filled in to determine the self-assessment of reactive and personal anxiety.

The average indicator of personal anxiety in the groups of subjects was in the zone of average values ​​(36-37 points). Reactive anxiety of female students at the beginning and end of the pedagogical experiment before the start of the lesson in our studies was also in the range of average values ​​(36.9 and 37.1 points). This can be explained by a positive emotional attitude towards the upcoming health aerobics classes.

Indicators of reactive anxiety in the control and experimental groups in our experiment tend to decrease both during the lesson and during the experiment. In the experimental group, these improvements are more pronounced. We did not find statistically significant changes between the two groups, which we explain by the content of the classes, which are very similar in terms of their impact on the emotional and motor spheres of those involved.

According to Yu.L. Khanin, only by dividing the groups into high- and low-anxious ones can significant changes be revealed, when the means of physical education manage to optimize the emotional state of highly anxious students.

A survey of female students at the end of the experiment showed that 90% of the respondents improved their mood as a result of classes using physical culture and health technologies, 78% indicated an improvement in general well-being, 63% subjectively indicated body correction; the ability to move beautifully was influenced by classes in 56% of respondents; 41% acquired new knowledge about the basics of a healthy lifestyle and ways to maintain health, 12% of respondents acquired the ability to compose complexes for self-study. Most of the students with pleasure participated in the aerobics festival with a test combination, which proves the expediency of conducting the final control in the discipline "Physical culture (elective discipline)" in a competitive form.

Students who have mastered the elective course unanimously spoke in favor of the expediency of its introduction into the educational process of the university.

Thus, it can be argued that, thanks to the elective course in physical culture with the use of physical culture and health technologies, students have increased their level of physical fitness, improved their emotional state, forming specially directed competencies in the field of physical culture.

Bibliography

1. Reshetnikov N.V., Kislitsyn Yu.L. Physical culture: textbook. allowance for students Wednesdays. prof. textbook establishments. Moscow: Mastery, 2002. 152 p.

2. Arvisto M.A. On the role and nature of value orientations in sports activities // Society and sport: coll. scientific tr. M.: GTSOLIFK, 1976. S. 6-14.

3. Vengerova, N.N., Kudashova L.T. Kinesiology construct of an elective course in physical culture in higher education // European Social Science Journal (European Journal of Social Sciences). 2016. No. 4. pp. 238-243.

4. Batarshev A.V. Basic psychological properties and personality self-determination: a practical guide to psychological diagnostics. St. Petersburg: Rech, 2005, pp. 44-49.

5. Khanin Yu.L., Bulanova G.V. Emotional well-being of students in sports and educational groups // Teoriya i praktika fiz. culture. 1979. No. 4.

Kudashova Lyudmila Timofeevna, Ph.D. ped. Sciences, Assoc., [email protected], mail.ru, Russia, St. Petersburg, St. Petersburg State University of Economics,

Vengerova Natalya Nikolaevna, Ph.D. ped. sciences, prof., [email protected] ru, Russia, St. Petersburg, St. Petersburg State University of Economics

FORMATION OF COMPETENCE OF STUDENTS WITHIN THE ELECTIVE COURSES

FOR PHYSICAL CULTURE

L.T. Kudashova, N.N. Vengerova

Problems in the content of the elective course on physical culture with the aim of forming the general cultural competencies of students are revealed. The method of organization of the elective course on physical culture in the university with the use of physical culture and health technologies is presented. It takes into account the level of physical preparedness and emotional state of the students involved and promotes the formation of specially directed competencies among female students.

Key words: competence, elective course for physical education, sports and health technology, physical development, physical fitness.

Kudashova Lyudmila Timofeevna, candidate of pedagogical sciences, assistant professor, [email protected], Russia, Saint-Petersburg, Saint Petersburg State University of Economics,

Vengerova Natalia Nikolayevna, candidate of pedagogical sciences, professor, [email protected], Russia, Saint-Petersburg, Saint Petersburg State University of Economics

Publication date 03/16/2017

"Elective courses in physical culture" for students in a non-specialized (creative) higher educational institution

Somkin Alexey Albertovich

Konstantinov Sergey Alexandrovich
St. Petersburg State Institute of Cinema and Television, St. Petersburg

Annotation: The article analyzes the content of the discipline "Elective courses in physical culture" for students of a non-specialized (creative) higher educational institution - St. Petersburg State Institute of Film and Television. Particular attention in the publication is given to elective courses in the areas of health-improving physical culture (fitness), physical activity and physical fitness of students.
Keywords: "Elective courses in physical culture", Federal State Educational Standard, creative higher educational institution, students, department of physical education, sports, recreational physical culture

“Elective courses on physical education” for students in the unspecialized (creative) higher education institution

Somkin Alexey Albertovich

Sergey Konstantinov
St. Petersburg State Institute of Film and Television, St. Petersburg Petersburg

Abstract: This article analyzes the content of “Elective courses on physical education” for students of the unspecialized (creative) higher education institution – St. Petersburg State Institute of Film and Television. The special attention in the publication is paid to the elective courses on fitness, locomotors activity and physical readiness of students.
Keywords: “Elective courses on physical education”, the Federal state educational standard, creative higher education institution, students, department of physical education, sports, fitness

The purpose of mastering the discipline "Elective courses in physical culture" in a non-specialized (creative) higher educational institution, which is the St. Petersburg State Institute of Cinema and Television (SPbGIKiT), is, first of all, the formation of students' physical culture. Therefore, when studying this discipline, they should form a motivational-value attitude to the purposeful use of various means of physical culture, sports, tourism, professional and applied physical training to maintain and improve health, psychophysical training and self-preparation for the future life and profession. The process of studying "Elective courses in physical culture" is aimed primarily at the formation of such a general cultural competence as the ability to use the methods and means of physical culture and sports to ensure a full-fledged social and professional activity. At the same time, in the process of classes, students will have to demonstrate their organizational skills and develop communication skills. As a result of mastering the discipline, they should learn:

- the influence of various health-improving systems of physical education and sports on health promotion, prevention of occupational diseases and bad habits;

- the main ways of monitoring and evaluating your physical development and the current level of physical fitness;

– rules and methods of planning individual lessons of various target orientation.

In accordance with the Federal State Educational Standard of Higher Education 3+ (FSES HE 3+), the total labor intensity (volume) of the academic discipline "Elective courses in physical culture" is 328 hours and is studied by students of St. daytime (full-time) form of education. Methodologically substantiated transition from traditional forms of conducting practical classes in physical culture to a personality-oriented health-improving or sports program, available to every student of a creative higher educational institution, was topical. Therefore, due to the extreme heterogeneity of the contingent involved, it was necessary to go:

– from traditional forms of conducting practical classes in physical culture to a personality-oriented health or sports program;

- from compulsory training sessions to an individual choice of the type of physical culture or sports activity by the students themselves.

At the Department of Physical Education of St. Petersburg State Institute of Cinematography, eight separate elective courses (82 hours each) were developed in various sports and the most popular areas of health-improving physical culture (or, in other words, fitness) among students. In the process of studying at the institute, the student will have to independently choose and master any four of the eight elective courses presented with a total volume of 328 hours.

Based on the sports preferences of the majority of students, the availability of an appropriate material and technical sports base at the institute and the level of qualification of the faculty of the Department of Physical Education, students will be asked to choose from the following four sports: athletics, volleyball, basketball, table tennis. In addition, four elective courses were developed at the department in areas of health-improving physical culture (fitness) popular with students of the institute - these are classical aerobics (or health-improving), yoga, athletic gymnastics, Pilates. Table 1 presents the topics, the content of practical classes and the formed competencies, the labor intensity of each of the topics for four elective courses in health-improving physical culture.

Table 1. The structure of elective courses in the areas of health-improving physical culture

No. p / p	Subject number of the discipline	Topics of practical classes and formed competencies (competence elements)	Labor capacity (hours)
Elective course "Classical Aerobics"			82
1	Topic 1. Basic aerobics. Classification of modern types of recreational aerobics.	The main basic steps of classical (health) aerobics (low impact): step touch, V-step, curl, grape. Technical requirements for basic steps. Technique of hand movements when performing the basic steps of health-improving aerobics.	30
2	Topic 2. The terms of the basic steps and their varieties used in aerobics. technique for their implementation.	Methodology for compiling a fragment of an aerobic combination (32 accounts - “square”). The main methods of learning a fragment of an aerobic combination. Practical learning of a fragment of an aerobic combination (32 counts).	30
3	Topic 3. Program design technology (combining several basic movements, changing the leading foot).	Aerobic combination design rules. The sequence of learning the aerobic combination. Load regulation in the process of health-improving aerobics. The final part of the lesson is stretching.	22
Elective course "Yoga"			82
1	Topic 1. Fundamentals of conducting hatha yoga classes. Regulation of loads during physical exercises (asanas).	Yoga as a system of spiritual, mental and physical practices. Hatha yoga as a physical training practice (asanas).	28
2	Topic 2. Conducting hatha yoga classes (basic course).	Basic asanas (static postures) and the sequence of their implementation. Breathing exercises in hatha yoga (pranayama). Postures of rest (relaxation).	28
3	Topic 3. Fitness yoga (main areas). Flex.	Methodology for conducting a basic set of exercises (static and dynamic) aimed at developing flexibility and improving mobility in the joints, increasing the elasticity of muscles and tendons.	26
Elective course "Athletic gymnastics"			82
1	Topic 1. Fundamentals of methodology for the development of strength abilities.	The main types of manifestation of strength abilities (static strength, dynamic strength, static-dynamic strength). Methods for developing strength abilities: using the weight of one's own body, with a partner (in mutual resistance), with free weights, on simulators. Safety precautions when conducting strength training classes.	20
2	Topic 2. The methodology for compiling a basic set of exercises for the development of strength abilities without the use and with the use of additional equipment (free weights).	A method for compiling a set of exercises for the main muscle groups using your own body weight. A method for compiling a set of exercises for the main muscle groups using free weights (dumbbells, bodybars, kettlebells). Safety precautions during these classes.	20
3	Topic 3. Methodology for compiling a basic set of exercises for the development of strength abilities on simulators.	Methodology for compiling a set of exercises for the main muscle groups using simulators. Safety precautions during these classes.	22
4	Topic 4. Methodology for compiling a basic set of exercises for functional training (Crossfit)	Crossfit (GWM) and functional training. Basic concepts and methodology. Safety precautions during these classes.	20
Elective course "Pilates"			82
1	Topic 1. Pilates as the main program of the direction "Reasonable body" in fitness.	The main theoretical and methodological provisions of the Pilates health program. Strengthening the muscular corset, the formation of correct posture, the development of a sense of balance.	26
2	Topic 2. Methodology for compiling a basic set of Pilates exercises.	Compilation and study of a basic set of exercises aimed at strengthening the muscular corset, the formation of correct posture, and the development of a sense of balance.	28
3	Topic 3. Methods of using the simplest equipment and inventory during Pilates classes.	Compilation and study of sets of exercises using equipment - rollers, isotonic rings, Pilates balls - during Pilates classes.	28

Formation of the assessment of the current control of students' progress, their intermediate certification and credit (in each semester) based on the results of mastering the discipline "Elective courses in physical culture" is carried out using a point-rating system of assessment. This is a generalized and maximally objective indicator, which is the total result of training during the semester in the form of an undifferentiated test. The maximum result is 100 points, and in order to receive a credit in this discipline, a student must score 56 points. The following will be used as evaluation performance criteria:

– Regular attendance during the semester of training sessions or training sessions in the sports section at the Department of Physical Education of St. Petersburg State Institute of Cinematography;

– implementation of mandatory and additional tests developed by the Department of Physical Education;

– fulfillment of the standards of the All-Russian Physical Culture and Sports Complex “Ready for Labor and Defense” (VFSK GTO) for their age group as part of official testing;

– participation in competitions of various ranks (from the championship of the institute to the Spartakiad of the universities of St. Petersburg) as an athlete representing his faculty or institute, or as a volunteer (volunteer assistant, for example, when judging competitions and assisting teachers of the department of physical education in their organization );

– fulfillment of various assignments in the department of physical education (for example, preparing a photo or video report on any sporting event).

Test tasks for students who have chosen one of the four elective courses in the areas of recreational physical culture will be the preparation and conduct of a fragment of a practical training session with a group of students (for example, recreational aerobics, yoga, athletic gymnastics or Pilates).

Thus, students of SPbGIKiT, when studying the discipline "Elective courses in physical culture", will be able to voluntarily and deliberately choose a personality-oriented accessible program of health-improving, sports or health-improving sports orientation, consisting of any four elective courses with a total volume of 328 hours. This approach will allow students of a creative higher educational institution to form a steady need for constant and systematic physical education and sports and to cultivate in their environment the so-called "fashion for sports, an active and healthy lifestyle".

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Purpose of the discipline

The purpose of mastering the discipline is to achieve the following results

education (RO): knowledge: at the presentation level: to achieve an understanding of the social role of physical culture in personal development and preparation for professional activities; consolidate knowledge of the scientific, biological and practical foundations of physical culture and a healthy lifestyle; determine the possibility of using individual self-study in the process of studying at the university in the specialty; to master the procedure for organizing, providing and conducting educational and training, educational and methodical classes in physical culture with students of higher educational institutions; to understand the technique, tactics, features of the organization of training sessions and competitions in various sports; prospects for the development of physical culture in the system of higher education in Russia.

at the playback level: master the technique of performing exercises from the curriculum, the requirements for performing control exercises and the methodology for teaching these exercises; improve the method of development of physical, special and psychological qualities by means of physical exercises of the studied sports; to implement the requirements for the organization and methods of conducting morning hygienic gymnastics.

at the level of understanding: to understand the meaning and place of physical culture in the system of training a specialist with higher education, the tasks, terminology and content of various sports as an academic discipline; understand the importance of using hygienic factors and the healing forces of nature in promoting health and maintaining professional performance; to master the organization and methodology of conducting training sessions using the studied exercises, ways to control physical activity during exercise, methods of self-control and self-assessment of physical condition; to form a motivational and value attitude to physical culture, attitudes towards a healthy lifestyle, physical self-improvement and self-education, the need for regular physical exercises and sports; to ensure the possession of basic safety requirements when using the equipment of sports facilities, simulators, places for classes and competitions according to the studied exercises of the training program; to achieve an understanding of the limitations in the use of physical exercises in the process of training sessions in the presence of deviations in the state of health.

Relationship with other disciplines

The discipline "Physical culture (elective discipline)" is focused on the intellectual, aesthetic and moral development of the individual, on improving the level of education of the leading specialist, as an important condition for his professional self-determination in the subsequent work activity. The purpose of physical culture, as an academic discipline, is the formation of a person's physical culture, as one of the factors of its sociocultural existence, which provides the biological potential of life, as a way to realize one's human destiny, use strengths and abilities to meet one's development needs at all stages of the life path. "Physical culture" most fully implements its educational and developmental functions in the purposeful pedagogical process of physical education, which is based on the main didactic principles: consciousness, visibility, accessibility, systematicity and dynamism. All this as a whole is reflected in the psychophysical reliability of the future specialist, in the required level and stability of his professional performance.

Teaching methods

To implement the training program, various practical, verbal and visual methods are provided, which are used in conjunction at all stages of training. The choice of one method or another depends on the content of the educational material, on the tasks of training, the practical preparedness of the tasks being trained, which are solved in a particular lesson. Practical methods are used in physical education classes, which are divided into two groups: methods of strictly regulated exercises (learning in parts, as a whole and with the help of preparatory exercises) and partially regulated (game and competitive). The methods of a strictly regulated exercise are characterized by repeated performance of an action with strict regulation of movements, the magnitude of the load, the duration of rest, etc. Practical methods play a decisive role in the formation of motor skills, development and improvement of physical and special qualities in students. Verbal methods provide the implementation of two functions: semantic, with the help of which the content of the taught material is expressed, and emotional, which allows to activate the student. Verbal methods are based on the use of the word as a means of influencing those involved and include explanation, story, conversation, giving commands, instructions, remarks. Visual teaching methods are showing, demonstration of videos, films, photographs, posters, diagrams that create students' figurative ideas about the exercises being studied. Visual methods are presented as - display, demonstration, posters, drawings and diagrams and movies.

Requirements

As a result of passing the discipline, students must:
- to understand the role of physical culture in the development of personality and its preparation for professional activity;
- know the basics of physical culture and a healthy lifestyle;
- possess a system of practical skills that ensure the preservation and strengthening of health, the development and improvement of psychological abilities and qualities, self-determination in physical culture;
- gain experience in the use of physical culture and sports activities to achieve life and professional goals;
- have the means, methods, skills and abilities necessary for physical self-improvement;
- to consolidate the systematic nature of scientific and practical knowledge on physical culture for creative use in the practice of physical culture and sports activities;
- be able to plan and conduct independent classes with a health-improving, recreational and restorative orientation;
- be able to carry out self-diagnosis of the body during physical exercises and sports, use self-control methods.

Keywords: "Elective courses in physical culture", first-year students of the institute, preparatory and special medical groups, recreational and rehabilitation forms of physical activity.

Annotation. The article analyzes the content of "Elective courses in physical culture" for students of preparatory and special medical groups in a non-specialized university. Recreational and rehabilitation forms of physical activity and intellectual sports (chess, drafts) are the most effective for students of these groups.

"Elective courses on physical education" for students of preparatory and special medical groups in higher educational institution

Dr. Somkin A. A., EdD, Professor, Honored Coach of Russia;

Konstantinov S. A., PhD, Associate professor, Department of Physical Education, Chairman; Demidenko O. V., PhD, Associate professor, Department of Physical Education, Vice-Chairman. St. Petersburg State Institute of Film and Television.

keywords: "Elective courses on physical education", junior institute students, preparatory and special medical groups, recreation and rehabilitation forms of move activity.

abstract. This article provides the analysis of the content of "Elective courses on physical education" for students ofpreparatory and special medical groups in unspecialized higher education institution. Recreation and rehabilitation forms of move activity, intellectual sports (chess, drafts) are the most effective for these groups of students.

Introduction

The formation of a sustainable need for constant and systematic physical education and the cultivation of the so-called "fashion for an active and healthy lifestyle" are the most important tasks of such academic disciplines as "Physical Education" and "Elective Courses in Physical Education" in higher educational institutions of the Russian Federation. Particular attention should be paid to such a direction of activity of the departments of physical education and sports as counteracting "physical culture passivity" among students who, according to their health status, belong to preparatory (PG) and special medical groups (SMG). For such students, physical education classes should be considered, first of all, as a means of improving their physical activity, which will optimize the process of socialization of an individual in a new educational environment.

Therefore, a methodically substantiated transition from traditional forms of conducting practical classes in physical culture to a personality-oriented health-improving program is important. The specificity of classes with PG and SHG students is associated with the extreme heterogeneity of this contingent of students in a number of ways:

• gender identity;
• contraindications in certain types of physical activity;
• level of physical development;
• the presence of individual motor experience and others.

Therefore, the effectiveness of classes with such students determines an individual approach that will have a positive impact on their health and minimize possible risks. In this regard, it is relevant to use the main provisions and methods used in the "Adaptive physical culture", aimed at rehabilitation and adaptation to the normal socio-cultural environment of persons with disabilities.

Methodical part

In accordance with the Federal State Educational Standard of Higher Education "3 Plus" (FSES HE 3+), full-time students at the St. Petersburg State Institute of Cinema and Television (SPbGIKiT) in the basic part of Block 1 "Disciplines (modules)" culture and sports are the following disciplines:

• "Physical culture" in the amount of 72 academic hours (16 hours - lectures; 16 hours of practical, seminars; 20 hours - self-study) in the first year;
• "Elective courses in physical culture" in the amount of 328 academic hours (practical classes) in the first - third years.

"Elective courses in physical culture" suggest a gradual transition in SPbGIKiT from compulsory forms of training sessions to the individual choice of the type of physical culture and sports activity by the students themselves. As elective courses at the Department of Physical Education of SPbGIKiT, students are offered: firstly, standard training sessions in accordance with the schedule (twice a week for two academic hours); secondly, various forms of sectional classes, which are focused on non-commercial sports of the highest achievements, physical culture and conditioning sports, applied disciplines, recreational and rehabilitation forms of motor activity, intellectual sports (Fig.).

The so-called motivational-value component comes to the fore when organizing educational and sectional classes in the discipline "Elective courses in physical culture", which should form in young people a positive emotional attitude to classes and a steady desire to apply, at the same time, quite conscious volitional efforts aimed at physical improvement of the individual.

In order to reflect the importance of this problem, we analyzed the results of the in-depth medical examination (IME), which first-year students take in September - October, over the past five years - from 2011 to 2015 (Table). The results of the statistical study showed that the percentage of students entering the institute and having various deviations in the state of health is quite large - from 36 to 50 percent of the total number of students.

Let's consider the main forms of sectional classes at the Department of Physical Education in SPbGIKiT, oriented, among other things, to students related to the state of their health to PG or SMG.

Rice. Discipline "Elective courses in physical culture" at the Department of Physical Education of St. Petersburg State Institute of Cinematography

1. Non-commercial elite sport means successful performance at high-level competitions, but without receiving significant financial rewards. For students of St. Petersburg State University of Cinematography and Technology specializing in wushu sanda martial arts, these are Russian championships, large and prestigious international tournaments, including in China, the “homeland” of this sport. Wushu Sanda is a combined martial art that incorporates the best techniques from Chinese martial arts. Thanks to a wide arsenal of techniques allowed by the Competition Rules, in wushu sanda fights, athletes can use punches and kicks in “full contact”, captures of the opponent and throws to the platform, called “lei-tai”. With a high level of training of the leading athletes-students of the institute in wushu sanda (technical, functional, physical, tactical), they are able, with a certain adaptation of the training process, to represent the combined team of the institute and in various "related" disciplines - "shock" (karate, taekwondo, boxing, kickboxing - in the sections "full contact" and "full contact with low kick"), "wrestling" (sambo, judo), "mixed" (jiu-jitsu, hand-to-hand combat, sports and combat sambo) martial arts.

2. Fitness-conditioning (or the so-called "mass") sport is a type of public (ordinary) sport, aimed mainly at physical culture and sports training, which contribute to the preservation of previously acquired (at school age) physical form with strictly regulated participation in competitions . Here, the target outcome of the activity is focused not on the maximum possible result, but on the level of physical and spiritual development necessary for each person to maintain his capacity and adequate health. At the same time, the time spent on classes should be optimally minimized and not interfere with the main socially necessary type of activity of a student receiving higher education.

The results of an in-depth medical examination (IDE) of 1st year students of St. Petersburg State Institute of Cinematography and Technology in 2011-2015

1st year students who passed UMO
Assigned to the main group
Assigned to the preparatory group (PG)
Assigned to a special group (SMG)
Exempted from physical education

Note. *the number of students who have passed UMO and assigned to a certain group for health reasons; **percentage of students assigned to the corresponding group.

SPbGIKiT regularly organizes sectional classes in the following sports:

• sports games - football, volleyball, basketball, table tennis;
• martial arts - kickboxing, taekwondo, sambo, judo;
• athletic sports (athleticism) - arm wrestling, powerlifting, kettlebell lifting;
• cheerleading.

From the best students attending the sections, the combined teams of the institute were formed, for which the main competitions are the Spartakiad of the universities of St. Petersburg.

3. Applied disciplines. The problem of individual self-defense of a person in the conditions of a modern metropolis is currently becoming extremely relevant. Therefore, it is no coincidence that in SPbGIKIT the sections on applied disciplines are very popular among students (both boys and girls) who do not have the desire to regularly train to participate in competitions:

• self-defense - based on the technique of traditional wushu schools;
• KENPO - real hand-to-hand combat;
• aikido, including with the use of weapons;
• CrossFit is a system of so-called functional circular training using exercises from various martial arts (boxing, taekwondo, judo, sports and combat sambo).

Classes in such sections as self-defense and aikido, as a rule, do not require from students a high level of development of their physical abilities and the development of complex techniques.

4. The next group of sections is conditionally united by recreational and rehabilitation forms of students' motor activity. In the process of training in these sections, physical exercises and some elements of sports are used in accessible and simplified forms to solve the following problems:

• maintenance and promotion of health;
• active, healthy recreation;
• switching to another type of activity;
• restoration of working capacity;
• organization of emotionally rich leisure;
• rehabilitation of students related to the state of their health to PG and SMG.

For students who do not have deviations in their health, the fitness section is oriented. Fitness classes are held in the form of so-called "mixed classes" - meaning the presence of both aerobic and strength exercises present in the training program. For students classified according to the results of UMO to PG and SMG, sections of recreational swimming and yoga are organized. Students visit the recreational swimming section once a week. The session lasts 45 minutes and includes:

• warm-up in the gym, the main place in which is occupied by low-intensity stretching exercises (15 minutes);
• swimming in the pool in the form of "free swimming" - various forms of movement in the aquatic environment (30 minutes).

Classes in the pool improve the functioning of the cardiovascular and respiratory systems, the neuromuscular apparatus, activate metabolic processes in the body, and mental activity of students.

The yoga section is organized for students with different levels of physical fitness. The first day of the week is a lesson for beginners (mostly first-year students) and related to the state of their health to PG or SMG, which lasts up to one hour. The second day of the week is a lesson for students (II-IV courses) who have previous experience in yoga, for example, in the first year. This lesson lasts from 75 to 90 minutes.

5. Finally, sections on intellectual sports - chess and checkers - which are aimed at students who have deviations in their health or are exempted from practical classes. From the best players, according to the results of control training, the combined teams of the institute in these sports are formed, which regularly participate in regional and city tournaments, in the Spartakiad of St. Petersburg universities.

Conclusion

The introduction of the new Federal State Educational Standard "3 Plus" in the universities of the Russian Federation and the allocation in Block 1 - the basic part of the "Disciplines (modules)" - the subject "Elective courses in physical education" made it possible to move at the St. Petersburg State Institute of Cinema and Television:

• from traditional forms of conducting practical classes in physical culture to a personality-oriented health program;
• from compulsory training sessions to the individual choice of the type of physical culture and sports activity by the students themselves.

According to the results of an in-depth medical examination of first-year students over the past five years (2011-2015), it was determined that the percentage of students entering the institute and having various deviations in health is from 36 to 50 percent of the total number of students. For this contingent of students related to PG and SMG, the following practical (sectional) classes are offered in SPbGIKiT:

• recreational and rehabilitation forms of physical activity - yoga, recreational swimming and, in part, applied disciplines (aikido, self-defense);
• intellectual sports - chess, checkers.

Thanks to such an individual approach, first-year students have formed a positive emotional attitude towards classes at the Department of Physical Education and a strong desire to continue them in subsequent courses.

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