(Naumova Yu.I., Ibragimov M.G.)

("Legality", 2010, N 9)

IMPROVEMENT OF SETTLEMENTS AS AN OBJECT OF SUPERVISION

Yu.I. NAUMOVA, M. G. IBRAGIMOV

Naumova Yulia Ivanovna, Tatar environmental interdistrict prosecutor.

Ibragimov Marat Gasanguseinovich, assistant of the Tatar environmental interdistrict prosecutor.

Key words: landscaping, supervision, municipality, snow dump, normative regulation.

Development of settlements as an object of supervision

Yu. I. Naumova, M. G. Ibragimov

The authors share their experience of prosecutorial supervision over legality in organization of development of territories of municipal units.

Key words: development, supervision, municipal unit, snow disposal, regulatory control.

Local government in Russian Federation It is a form of the people exercising their power, independent and under their responsibility the decision by the population of issues of local importance based on their interests and taking into account historical and local traditions. One of the most important issues for settlements, municipal districts and urban districts - the organization of the improvement of their territories.

Local issues imply the direct support of the life of the population of the municipality. The range of these issues is exhaustively defined in Art. Art. 14, 15, 16 FZ of October 6, 2003 "On general principles organization local government In Russian federation". One of them is the organization of landscaping municipalities... This is an important sphere of rule-making, directly related to the convenient and comfortable life of people, regulating the maintenance and cleaning of territories, places of mass stay of citizens, ensuring cleanliness and order within the borders settlements, by definition, needs a clear and precise regulatory regulation on the part of municipalities.

Article 21 of the Law on the Prosecutor's Office and clause 2.2 of the Order of the Prosecutor General of the Russian Federation of October 2, 2007 N 155 requires, when exercising prosecutorial supervision, to immediately respond to all facts of adoption of normative legal acts that contradict federal legislation by applying prosecutorial measures.

As part of the implementation of the noted requirements, the Tatar environmental interdistrict prosecutor's office in the first quarter of 2010 checked the legality and validity of the Rules for the improvement of municipalities of the Republic of Tatarstan (hereinafter referred to as the Rules). As a result, numerous violations of the current legislation were revealed.

The most indicative violations in the publication of the Rules were: regulation of issues not attributed to the competence of local government bodies, unjustified interference in the internal economic activities of individual entrepreneurs and legal entities, including in terms of conducting inspections of business entities.

Thus, the Rules of eight municipalities (the city of Aznakaevo, Almetyevsk, Leninogorsk, etc.) contained a ban on unauthorized demolition and rearrangement of trade booths, pavilions, garages and other household facilities. Citizens, individual entrepreneurs and legal entities were imposed unreasonable responsibilities for the maintenance and cleaning of territories outside land plots, belonging to them on the right of ownership or other use, street lighting objects, bins, signs, etc. It even got to the point that it was forbidden to move around the city in contaminated vehicles.

Thus, the requirements of Art. Art. 209 and 210 of the Civil Code, on the basis of which the owner has the right to perform any actions with respect to his property at his own discretion, except for those that contradict the law and violate the rights and legally protected interests of others. At the same time, the owner should bear the burden of maintaining the territory that is in municipal ownership. Moreover, funds from the local budget are specially allocated for the maintenance of municipal property.

In violation of paragraph 1 of Art. 421 of the Civil Code, guaranteeing the freedom to conclude a contract, the Rules for the improvement of the city of Elabuga contained a provision on imposing obligations on the heads of economic entities to conclude contracts for the removal of solid household waste no later than two months before the beginning of the year. In the same Rules, in violation of Art. 10 of the Federal Law of December 26, 2008 "On the Protection of the Rights of Legal Entities and Individual Entrepreneurs in the Exercise of State Control (Supervision) and Municipal Control" by the prosecution authorities.

Clause 3.3 of the Rules of the Polyansky rural settlement of the Rybno-Slobodsky municipal district of the Republic of Tatarstan provided for the shooting of dogs in the streets and in in public places rural settlement, although Art. 20.13 of the Administrative Code generally prohibits firing from weapons in settlements.

In addition, corruption-generating factors were established practically in all the Rules. The documents abounded in such formulations as “in accordance with the requirements”, “without approval in the prescribed manner”, “without the approval of the authorized body”, “without obtaining the appropriate permission”, etc. Such ambiguity of the required procedures and approvals created wide limits of discretion for the law enforcement officer, which, in turn, could lead to corruption. This was most common in the Rules of the city of Almetyevsk, Leninogorsk, Aznakaevo, as well as the Vysokogorsk municipal district.

V individual cases there were gross stylistic inaccuracies. Sometimes it came to errors in the numbering of paragraphs and subparagraphs. In some normative documents, stylistic inaccuracies made it difficult, and sometimes even made it impossible to understand the meaning of the sentences being formulated.

In total, according to the results of the inspection by the environmental prosecutor's office, 12 protests were brought to the representative bodies of the municipalities of the Republic of Tatarstan, which were fully satisfied. In some cases, when violations of the law were the most widespread, the consideration of the protests was carried out with the participation of the prosecutor.

Among other things, the sphere of organizing the improvement includes the placement of snow plows in winter time... With the onset of cold weather, the prosecutor's office always receives applications from citizens regarding the legality of placing snow dumps. Sometimes, an illiterate agreement by municipal authorities on the location of snow plows leads to unpredictable consequences, and in some cases, to the creation of emergency situations that may pose a threat to the life and health of people.

One of these appeals was received by the Tatar environmental interdistrict prosecutor's office from residents of the Salmachi settlement of Kazan. Citizens complained about violation of Art. 42 of the Constitution of the Russian Federation of the right to a favorable environment, expressed in the systematic (more than four years) flooding of their houses during the spring melting of snow. The situation was further complicated by the fact that the village is located in a low-lying area, and the snow dump is located on a hill. In some cases, it even came down to floating sofas, beds and other household items.

In the course of studying the legality of the location of the snow dump, it was found that it was operated in violation of the requirements of the law. The placement of snow dumps is regulated by the Rules for the improvement of the city of Kazan, approved by the decision of the Kazan City Duma of October 18, 2006 N 4-12, in accordance with clause 3.4.14 of which the locations of snow dumps are determined by the authorized body and agreed with the Central Territorial Administration of the Ministry of Ecology and natural resources RT, Territorial Administration Rospotrebnadzor in the Republic of Tatarstan. A similar provision is contained in clause 4.11 of SanPiN 42-128-4690-88 (sanitary rules for maintaining the territories of settlements). In this case, snow plows should be equipped with access roads, lighting, utility rooms and a fence.

Article 1 of the Land Code of the Russian Federation calls the priority of protecting human life and health as one of the principles of land use, according to which, when carrying out activities for the use and protection of land, such decisions should be made and such activities should be carried out that would ensure the preservation of human life or prevent negative ( harmful) impact on human health, even if it is costly.

The requirements of the sanitary and epidemiological legislation regarding the need to coordinate the locations of the snow dumps were grossly violated by the operating organization of the snow dump in the Salmachi settlement - Ainur and Co LLC. Being coordinated with the Central Technical Administration of the Ministry of Ecology of the Republic of Tatarstan, the snow dump was not fenced, measures were not taken to coordinate it with the Territorial Administration of Rospotrebnadzor in the Republic of Tatarstan. In relation to LLC (as a legal entity) and its director (as an official), the environmental prosecutor's office, in connection with violation of the Rules for the improvement of urban districts, initiated administrative proceedings under Part 1 of Art. 3.6 of the Administrative Code of the RT. total amount the imposed penalty amounted to 30 thousand rubles.

Article 1065 of the Civil Code says that the danger of causing harm in the future may become the basis for a claim to prohibit activities that create such a danger. Taking this into account, a claim was sent to the court against Ainur and Co LLC to prohibit the import and storage of snow on a snow dump in the Salmachi settlement until the violations were eliminated. In order to secure the claim, since the snow dump was overcrowded and each additional import of snow posed a real threat to local residents, simultaneously with the lawsuit, a statement was submitted to the court for interim measures in the form of prohibiting the defendant to carry out activities for the import and storage of snow at a snow dump pending a court decision on the merits. The court satisfied the application for securing the claim, which made it possible to significantly reduce the volume of snow brought to the dump. When considering the claim on the merits, the requirements of the prosecutor's office were satisfied in full.

A comprehensive analysis of the legality of placing snow dumps on the territory of Kazan showed that out of 13 sanctioned snow dumps, only 3 were agreed with the Rospotrebnadzor authorities. ...

Based on the results of the inspections, the city district prosecutors of the Republic of Tatarstan were sent information letters about the practice of prosecutorial supervision in the field of improvement of settlements. The executive committee of the city was informed about the state of legality during the operation of snow dumps in Kazan.

The results of the check were highlighted in the media mass media and caused a wide public outcry. An indicator of the effectiveness of the work is the incoming positive feedback from citizens who are grateful for the protection of their violated rights and legitimate interests by the prosecutor's office.

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IMPROVEMENT OF SETTLEMENTS AS AN OBJECT OF SUPERVISION

Yu.I. NAUMOVA, M.G. IBRAGIMOV

Local self-government in the Russian Federation is a form of exercise by the people of their power, independent and under their responsibility the decision of the population of issues of local importance based on their interests and taking into account historical and local traditions. One of the most important issues for settlements, municipal districts and urban districts is the organization of the improvement of their territories.
Local issues imply the direct support of the life of the population of the municipality. The range of these issues is exhaustively defined in Art. Art. 14, 15, 16 FZ of October 6, 2003 "On the general principles of the organization of local self-government in the Russian Federation." One of them is the organization of landscaping of municipal territories. This important area of ​​rule-making, directly related to the convenient and comfortable life of people, regulating the maintenance and cleaning of territories, places of mass stay of citizens, ensuring cleanliness and order within the boundaries of settlements, by definition, needs clear and transparent regulatory regulation on the part of municipalities.
Article 21 of the Law on the Prosecutor's Office and clause 2.2 of the Order of the Prosecutor General of the Russian Federation of October 2, 2007 N 155 requires, when exercising prosecutorial supervision, to immediately respond to all facts of adoption of normative legal acts that contradict federal legislation by applying prosecutorial measures.
As part of the implementation of the noted requirements, the Tatar environmental interdistrict prosecutor's office in the first quarter of 2010 checked the legality and validity of the Rules for the improvement of municipalities of the Republic of Tatarstan (hereinafter referred to as the Rules). As a result, numerous violations of the current legislation were revealed.
The most indicative violations in the publication of the Rules were: regulation of issues not attributed to the competence of local government bodies, unjustified interference in the internal economic activities of individual entrepreneurs and legal entities, including in terms of conducting inspections of business entities.
Thus, the Rules of eight municipalities (the cities of Aznakaevo, Almetyevsk, Leninogorsk, etc.) contained a ban on unauthorized demolition and rearrangement of trade booths, pavilions, garages and other household facilities. Citizens, individual entrepreneurs and legal entities were imposed unreasonable responsibilities for the maintenance and cleaning of territories outside the land plots belonging to them by right of ownership or other use, street lighting objects, trash bins, signs, etc. It even got to the point that it was forbidden to move around the city on contaminated vehicles.
Thus, the requirements of Art. Art. 209 and 210 of the Civil Code, on the basis of which the owner has the right to perform any actions with respect to his property at his own discretion, except for those that contradict the law and violate the rights and legally protected interests of others. At the same time, the owner should bear the burden of maintaining the territory that is in municipal ownership. Moreover, funds from the local budget are specially allocated for the maintenance of municipal property.
In violation of paragraph 1 of Art. 421 of the Civil Code, guaranteeing the freedom to conclude a contract, the Rules for the improvement of the city of Elabuga contained a provision on imposing obligations on the heads of economic entities to conclude contracts for the removal of solid household waste no later than two months before the beginning of the year. In the same Rules, in violation of Art. 10 of the Federal Law of December 26, 2008 "On the Protection of the Rights of Legal Entities and Individual Entrepreneurs in the Exercise of State Control (Supervision) and Municipal Control" by the prosecution authorities.
Clause 3.3 of the Rules of the Polyansky rural settlement of the Rybno-Slobodsky municipal district of the Republic of Tatarstan provided for the shooting of dogs in the streets and in public places of the rural settlement, although Art. 20.13 of the Administrative Code generally prohibits firing from weapons in settlements.
In addition, corruption-generating factors were established practically in all the Rules. The documents abounded in such formulations as "in accordance with the requirements", "without approval in the prescribed manner", "without the approval of the authorized body", "without obtaining the appropriate permission", etc. Such ambiguity of the required procedures and approvals created wide margin of appreciation for the law enforcement officer, which, in turn, could lead to corruption. This was most widespread in the Rules of the year. Almetyevsk, Leninogorsk, Aznakaevo, as well as the Vysokogorsk municipal district.
In some cases, gross stylistic inaccuracies were encountered. Sometimes it came to errors in the numbering of paragraphs and subparagraphs. In some normative documents, stylistic inaccuracies made it difficult, and sometimes even made it impossible to understand the meaning of the sentences being formulated.
In total, according to the results of the inspection by the environmental prosecutor's office, 12 protests were brought to the representative bodies of the municipalities of the Republic of Tatarstan, which were fully satisfied. In some cases, when violations of the law were the most widespread, the consideration of the protests was carried out with the participation of the prosecutor.
Among other things, the sphere of organizing the improvement includes the placement of snow plows in the winter. With the onset of cold weather, the prosecutor's office always receives applications from citizens regarding the legality of placing snow dumps. Sometimes, an illiterate agreement by municipal authorities on the location of snow plows leads to unpredictable consequences, and in some cases, to the creation of emergency situations that may pose a threat to the life and health of people.
One of these appeals was received by the Tatar environmental interdistrict prosecutor's office from residents of the Salmachi settlement of Kazan. Citizens complained about violation of Art. 42 of the Constitution of the Russian Federation of the right to a favorable environment, expressed in the systematic (more than four years) flooding of their houses during the spring melting of snow. The situation was further complicated by the fact that the village is located in a low-lying area, and the snow dump is located on a hill. In some cases, it even came down to floating sofas, beds and other household items.
In the course of studying the legality of the location of the snow dump, it was found that it was operated in violation of the requirements of the law. The placement of snow dumps is regulated by the Rules for the improvement of the city of Kazan, approved by the decision of the Kazan City Duma of October 18, 2006 N 4-12, in accordance with clause 3.4.14 of which the locations of snow dumps are determined by the authorized body and agreed with the Central Territorial Administration of the Ministry of Ecology and natural resources of the Republic of Tatarstan, the Territorial Administration of Rospotrebnadzor in the Republic of Tatarstan. A similar provision is contained in clause 4.11 of SanPiN 42-128-4690-88 (sanitary rules for maintaining the territories of settlements). In this case, snow plows should be equipped with access roads, lighting, utility rooms and a fence.
Article 1 of the Land Code of the Russian Federation calls the priority of protecting human life and health as one of the principles of land use, according to which, when carrying out activities for the use and protection of land, such decisions should be made and such activities should be carried out that would ensure the preservation of human life or prevent negative ( harmful) impact on human health, even if it is costly.
The requirements of the sanitary and epidemiological legislation regarding the need to agree on the locations of the snow dumps were grossly violated by the operating organization of the snow dump in the Salmachi settlement - Ainur and Co LLC. Being coordinated with the Central Technical Administration of the Ministry of Ecology of the Republic of Tatarstan, the snow dump was not fenced, measures were not taken to coordinate it with the Territorial Administration of Rospotrebnadzor in the Republic of Tatarstan. In relation to LLC (as a legal entity) and its director (as an official), the environmental prosecutor's office, in connection with violation of the Rules for the improvement of urban districts, initiated administrative proceedings under Part 1 of Art. 3.6 of the Administrative Code of the RT. The total amount of the imposed penalty was 30 thousand rubles.
Article 1065 of the Civil Code says that the danger of causing harm in the future may become the basis for a claim to prohibit activities that create such a danger. Taking this into account, a statement of claim was sent to the court against Ainur and Co LLC to prohibit the import and storage of snow on a snow dump in the Salmachi settlement until the violations were eliminated. In order to secure the claim, since the snow dump was overcrowded and each additional import of snow posed a real threat to local residents, simultaneously with the lawsuit, an application was submitted to the court for interim measures in the form of prohibiting the defendant from carrying out activities on the import and storage of snow at the snow dump before taking court decisions on the merits. The court satisfied the application for securing the claim, which made it possible to significantly reduce the volume of snow brought to the dump. When considering the claim on the merits, the requirements of the prosecutor's office were satisfied in full.
A comprehensive analysis of the legality of placing snow dumps on the territory of Kazan showed that out of 13 sanctioned snow dumps, only 3 were agreed with the Rospotrebnadzor authorities. ...
Based on the results of the inspections, the city district prosecutors of the Republic of Tatarstan were sent information letters about the practice of prosecutorial supervision in the field of improvement of settlements. The executive committee of the city was informed about the state of legality during the operation of snow dumps in Kazan.
The results of the check were highlighted in the media and caused a wide public outcry. An indicator of the effectiveness of the work is the incoming positive feedback from citizens who are grateful for the protection of their violated rights and legitimate interests by the prosecutor's office.

Our company provides assistance in writing term papers and theses, as well as master's theses on the subject of Prosecutor's supervision, we invite you to use our services. All work is guaranteed.

Improvement of populated areas

a set of works and activities carried out to create healthy, comfortable and cultural living conditions for the population on the territory of cities, urban-type settlements, rural settlements, resorts and places of mass recreation. B. n. m covers some of the issues united by the concept of "urban planning" and characterizes, first of all, the level of engineering equipment of the territory of populated areas, the sanitary and hygienic state of their air basins (see. Air pool), reservoirs and soil. B. n. m. includes works on engineering preparation (see. Engineering training) territory; road construction; urban transport development; the construction of head structures and the laying of utility networks for water supply, sewerage, power supply, etc.; individual measures for landscaping, improving the microclimate, improving and protecting the air basin, open water bodies and soil from pollution, sanitary cleaning, reducing the level of city noise, reducing the possibility of street injuries, etc.

Pre-revolutionary Russia had an extremely low level of biology. For example, according to the state of water supply, it occupied one of the last places in Europe, there were sewerage systems in only 18 cities, and there were no central heating systems at all. Over the years Soviet power great successes have been achieved in the field of biology. m. The state allocates significant investments for this purpose. High degree B. n. m. is due to their rational planning, the complex organization of industrial and residential areas, the system of urban and regional centers that determine the networks of public and cultural institutions and create the most favorable conditions for work, life, social activities and recreation of the population (see. Urban planning). A large role in B. of N. m. belongs to the communal services (see. Communal services), which ensures the uninterrupted operation of utility networks and enterprises (city boilers, thermal power plants, gas substations, gas factories, waste processing plants, etc.), urban transport, public utilities (baths, laundries, consumer service factories, etc.), implements the most expedient exploitation of residential and public buildings, sports facilities, parks, etc.

In the Soviet Union, improvement measures are determined by master plans for the development of cities (see. General plan). For new cities and newly created residential areas of old cities, the choice of an area that meets the basic urban planning requirements is of particular importance. Solution of questions B. n. m is significantly facilitated if the selected territory contains forests and water bodies preserved for the construction of parks and recreation sites, there are no wetlands, ravines, landslides, etc. and soil reclamation, vertical planning, removal of surface atmospheric waters, etc. During the reconstruction of cities (see. Reconstruction of the city) the work on their improvement includes: strengthening the banks of urban water bodies (see. Bank protection structures) , arrangement of embankments ( rice. one ), transport interchanges and tunnels ( rice. 2 , 3 ), improved road surfaces ( rice. 4 ), laying of underground utilities ( rice. 5 ) and etc.

To improve the environment, it is planned to gradually remove industrial enterprises that emit harmful emissions from residential areas, as well as change technological processes on them, seal equipment and introduce effective neutralizing devices; Thermal power plants and boiler houses are being converted from poly-ash fuel to gas, high, efficiently dissipating chimneys are being erected, etc. Newly built industrial enterprises, railways stations and nodes, CHPs are located at distances determined by the current sanitary standards, their construction is carried out according to technological schemes that ensure the maximum degree of waste disposal to prevent pollution of atmospheric air with harmful impurities and water bodies with untreated wastewater. Landscaping of the territory of industrial enterprises, the organization of safe, convenient and high-speed transport from the place of residence to the place of work, the creation of a system of parking lots for public and individual transport, etc. Lenin ( rice. 6 ), The Volzhskaya HPP named after the 22nd Congress of the CPSU, the Likhachev and Kalibr plants in Moscow, the metallurgical plant in Rustavi, the Zaporizhstal plant and many others. dr.

In residential areas, territories are comprehensively landscaped Microdistrict ov , where, along with the construction of buildings for cultural and domestic purposes, landscaping is carried out, pedestrian paths, car passages are laid, game and sports grounds (rice. 7 , 8 ). A successful example of integrated planning, development and improvement is the new residential area irmūnai in Vilnius. Much attention is paid to the improvement of the city-wide (settlement, rural) and other community centers... With an increase in the intensity of urban traffic, the scale of work on the improvement of streets, improving the surface and the cross-section of city roads, the construction of pedestrian underpasses, lighting of streets, squares, embankments, gardens, parks, and public gardens throughout the entire populated area.

Great importance for B. of N. m. has communal energy, including heating, electricity and gas supply. The rational organization of heating, electrical and gas networks, communal boiler houses, electrical substations, and city gas factories is one of the essential factors in increasing the level of biodiversity. m. and improving their sanitary condition. A promising direction in B. n. m. - the use of electricity for heating and cooking. In populated areas located in the hot climatic regions of the USSR, centralized heat, cold and power supplies are being introduced, as well as Air conditioning in public and residential buildings.

An important part of the improvement is the sanitary cleaning of populated areas (collection of garbage and waste, their disposal and destruction, maintaining cleanliness in the urban area, rational use park of communal vehicles (see. Communal machines)).

One of the essential questions of Soviet urban planning, the solution of which is closely related to the increase in the level of biology. m., - greening of cities and villages. The system of green spaces, along with its architectural and artistic significance, contributes to the improvement of the living conditions of the population (it improves the microclimate of the populated area, reduces the level of city noise, performs wind and snow protection functions, and is one of the most important factors in soil protection). The role of green spaces is especially important in the improvement of resort towns and districts (for example, resort cities of Sochi, Kislovodsk, etc.). Outside the city limits, suburban and green areas are being improved (see. Suburban area), which serve for the expansion of cities, the organization of places for mass recreation of the population, and the construction of structures associated with B.N. m. (water intakes, power substations, power lines, water supply and sewerage treatment facilities), as well as for the placement of green spaces that perform protective and sanitary-hygienic functions.

Improvement of rural areas includes electrification, Men at work, construction of a water distribution network, landscaping, sanitary cleaning, etc., primarily in the central settlements of state and collective farms, which are gradually being transformed into enlarged urban-type settlements.

Foreign urban planning practice is characterized by an extremely uneven degree of improvement of individual cities and towns. In the United States, for example, there are many advances in the improvement of urban roads, parking lots, national parks, recreational facilities, etc .; however, in some large cities(New York, etc.) the problems of improving the air basin, the necessary lighting, etc. remain unresolved. In many cities of capitalist countries, along with well-developed areas, there are often whole quarters of slums devoid of elementary amenities - evidence of the deep contradictions of capitalist cities, the source of which is private ownership of land and means of production.

In the USSR, modern requirements for the development of populated areas determine an ever-increasing scale of their improvement. The Program of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union says: “In the coming period, a wide program of municipal construction and improvement of all cities and workers' settlements will be implemented, which will require the completion of their electrification, gasification, installation of telephones to the required extent, provision of public transport, water supply and sewerage systems, a system of measures to further improve conditions life in cities and other settlements, including their greening, watering, a decisive fight against air pollution, soil and water "(1965, p. 94).

Lit .: Fundamentals of Soviet urban planning, v. 1-4, M., 1966-69; Stramentov A.E., Butyagin V.A., Planning and improvement of cities, 2nd ed., M., 1962; Abramov N. N., Water supply, M., 1967; Questions of electrification of industry and everyday life, M., 1964; Nayfeld L. P., Tarasov N. A., Development of inconvenient lands for urban development, M., 1968; Bakutis V.E., Sanitary improvement of cities, M., 1956; Small forms in building and urban improvement, M., 1964.

I. M. Smolyar.

Big Soviet encyclopedia... - M .: Soviet encyclopedia. 1969-1978 .

See what "Improvement of populated areas" is in other dictionaries:

A set of works and activities in order to create healthy, comfortable and aesthetically meaningful living conditions for the population on the territory of cities, mountain villages. type, sat down. pop. places, resorts and places of mass recreation. B. n. m., which is a constituent ... ... Big Encyclopedic Polytechnic Dictionary

A set of measures to create healthy, comfortable and cultural living conditions for the population on the territory of populated areas ( Bulgarian language; Български) community improvement (Czech; Čeština) technické vybavení sídel (German ... ... Construction vocabulary

1) a set of works on the creation and use of green spaces in settlements; 2) a system of green spaces in settlements. Green spaces among the buildings contribute to the improvement of the microclimate and sanitary ... ...

A set of organizational and technical measures for the collection, transportation and disposal of waste generated on the territory of populated areas. Also includes summer and winter cleaning of streets, squares and courtyards. Waste ... ... Great Soviet Encyclopedia

- (planning and development of rural settlements) in the USSR, a set of measures for the reorganization of existing villages and villages and the construction of new enlarged rural settlements (see Rural settlements) in a single system with cities ... ... Great Soviet Encyclopedia

Includes providing the population with benign cold and hot water(see Water supply), liquid waste disposal (see Sanitation, Sewerage), solid waste disposal, heat supply, energy supply, engineering preparation of the territory, ... ... Medical encyclopedia

planning of rural settlements- the planning of rural settlements, the device (or reorganization) of rural settlements, including the organization of their territory, the placement of buildings, structures, sites and landscaping on it. P. s. n. the item is produced according to projects, ... ... Agriculture... Big encyclopedic dictionary

RURAL SETTLEMENT PLANNING- device (or reconstruction) of the village. settlements, including the organization of their territories., the placement of buildings, structures, sites and landscaping on it. P. s. n. the item is produced according to projects developed by special. project organizations based on ... ... Agricultural encyclopedic dictionary

IMPROVEMENT OF POPULATION- IMPROVEMENT OF POPULATED PLACES. Contents: I. Historical data. Sanit. meaning. ... ... 493 II. Elements and techniques of urban improvement and their development ........ 497 III. Economy and legislation ....... 5 09 IV. Improvement of villages ... Great medical encyclopedia

improvement- A set of works (for the engineering preparation of the territory, the arrangement of roads, the development of communication networks and facilities for water supply, sewerage, power supply, etc.) and measures (for clearing, draining and landscaping the territory, improving ... ... Technical translator's guide

Dear customers, the LENOTR-PARK landscape design studio carries out complex and individual types of work for the improvement of private landscapes, farms, cottage settlements and urban infrastructure.

You can order in our studio:

• arrangement of the road transport network;
• installation of a functional and decorative lighting system;
• strengthening of slopes;
• construction of stairs and retaining walls;
• construction of reservoirs;
• installation of MAFs.

Our business card - completed projects

The LENOTR-PARK portfolio includes hundreds of successfully completed projects. But we are especially proud that we have fully or within the framework of collective orders landscaped in Moscow and the Moscow region:

• 2 golf clubs;
• 17 private and public swimming pools;
• 26 playgrounds, including: tree houses, playgrounds, fairytale chalets and castles;
• 20 decorative and public reservoirs. Moreover, their depth ranged from 50 cm to 9 m, and the area of ​​the water surface - from 5 to 1000 m 2;
• 6 plots adjacent to large office centers and shopping malls;
• 3 residential areas of new buildings.

What we guarantee to our customers

1. Free consultations... The LENOTR-PARK landscape workshop staff provide truly free initial and follow-up advice. In many competing companies, such competent and extensive advice is part of the budget by default.
2. Transparent pricing... V explanatory note to the project or in the contract for the performance of certain types of improvement work, all the components are clearly and specifically described: the cost of materials, the cost of paying employees and the costs of the special equipment and equipment used. We never include our ambitions in project costs and evaluate our work objectively.
3. Loyalty programs... Each customer is free to choose a designer and contractor, but turnkey landscaping allows LENOTR-PARK to rationally allocate time and material resources, due to which the customer can save ¼ of the entire project cost.
4. Warranty service for all work performed within 1.5 - 3 years.

We have already written more than once what the concept of "improvement" means from the point of view of landscape design (not to be confused with the improvement of the territory as an object of municipal management). Let us briefly recall that landscaping is a complex of works aimed at functional and aesthetic transformation of an open space in order to create comfortable conditions for people to stay in it.

What is the improvement of the territory

Improvement works can include the entire list below, can be carried out in part, depending on the degree of development of the area and the goals set.

Landscaping includes:

• relief formation, according to the project;
• laying of engineering networks;
• protection of the territory from flooding, waterlogging;
• storm water drainage;
• equipment for reservoirs;
• organization of pedestrian paths and their paving;
• lighting of the territory;
• placement of small architectural forms;
• greening (although this is a separate service, often clients do not distinguish between landscaping and landscaping).

Speaking about the improvement of the territory, one must understand that we can talk about a variety of options. It can be - private cottage, suburban areas, suburban homesteads, family homesteads, as well as public areas - parks, squares, courtyards of city high-rise buildings, courtyards of children's and educational institutions, adjacent territories to special institutions (hospitals, rest homes, palaces of culture ), etc.

It is easier to complete an improvement application when it comes to creating a completely new facility on undeveloped land, when all activities are developed in an integrated manner at the stage of landscape design. There are significantly fewer restrictions in this development of events. However, such options rarely happen, except when building objects outside the city (rest houses, tourist camps, forest parks, beaches, etc.). More often it is necessary to improve the territories located among residential areas, surrounded by transport interchanges, infrastructure facilities.

Features of the improvement of local and general areas

In the article, we examined the features of the improvement of private plots. Their distinctive feature is isolation. A person protects his territory from prying eyes with a fence / hedge / wall and creates his space, his world, in his image and spirit.

With open areas that are part of the complex spatial organization of entire urban areas, or have their own specifics ( Kindergarten, school, sanatorium), the situation is somewhat different. If only because such territories are places of mass visits by citizens. Functionality and security are central to their organization.

Factors influencing the development of a territory improvement project:

• functional purpose;
• location of engineering and communication networks;
• area and configuration of the territory;
• insolation factor;
• category of objects of the road network, which run near the desired territory;
• style environment, the presence of historical monuments.

The main requirements for the improvement of public areas:

• openness to visual perception;
• the ability to move freely;
• style correspondence of the improvement elements with the environment;
• high degree of safety.

Photo gallery of works on landscaping

Types of public areas to be improved

All specialized and multifunctional zones, as well as centers of local or general importance, belong to the landscaped areas within the boundaries of the settlement.

Improvement objects located within the boundaries of settlements include:

• parks, squares, boulevards, alleys;
• recreation areas, water parks;
• the territory of preschool children's institutions;
• the territory of school institutions (palaces of creativity, summer camps, general education, music, sports schools, etc.);
• territories adjacent to healthcare facilities (polyclinics, hospitals, sanatoriums);
• green areas at industrial enterprises, office buildings;
• the territory of rest homes, boarding houses;
• sports facilities - gyms, playgrounds, stadiums;
• adjoining territories, playgrounds, etc.

In a word, wherever a person lives or stays, improvement works are carried out. Each object has its own specifics. As a rule, the requirements and norms for the improvement of territories of different categories are clearly spelled out in numerous SNIPs, GOSTs and other documents of sectoral, state and local significance, to which the performers are obliged to adhere.

LE-PARK takes a responsible approach to the improvement of urban areas, because we, like all citizens, love our city and make efforts to make it even more beautiful. Each object made by us is original and inimitable, each object adds an additional touch to the beautiful appearance of the capital.