Publication date: 23.11.2016

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Fine Art Grade 7

Lesson number 25-26.

Theme lesson. Nature and architecture. Organization of architectural-landscape space pony mother Aesthetic and environmental mutual coexistence of nature and architecture;

Acquire a common idea of \u200b\u200bthe traditions of landscape-park architecture; use old and master new techniques for paperwork, natural materials in the process of macating architectural landscape objects;

Develop individual creative skills Pupils, form a sustainable interest in creative activity

Regulatory:

Work according to plan, creating architectural landscape objects;

Determine the goal, the problem in training activities, to work according to plan, referring to the goal.

Communicative:

Put forward versions, choose means of achieving goal in the group and individually;

Organize work in the group;

Planning activities, express your opinion in the dialogue about achieving emotional imagery, put forward the arguments in the discussion, to adjust your opinion (in accordance with the opinion of its comrades)

aware of their interests (seek the goal);

Form communicative competence in communication and cooperation

with peers, adults in the process of educational, creative activity;

Understand the meaning of knowledge for a person, choose your image and respond to your choice;

Master new techniques of work in the process of macating;

Produce analytical thinking, performing practical work;

Realize the integrity of the world and the diversity of views on it

Methods and forms of training

Methods: Explanatory-illustrative, conversation. Forms: Group, Frontal, Individual

Educational resources

Wikipedia. Free encyclopedia. - Access mode: ru.wikipedia.org/\\viki/

Access mode: www.artsait.ru

Equipment

Computer, multimedia projector, screen.

Materials: Graphic Materials, Paper, Fabric, Natural Material, Glue, Cutter, Scissors

Obviously demonstration material

Multimedia series: Presentations "Nature in the city", "Architectural and natural creativity". Cards with objects of architectural landscape structures

Basic concepts and terms

Landscape. landscape architecture

Organizational structure (lesson script)

Stages lesson

Educational and educational components, tasks and exercises

Teacher's activities

MAY-May activities of students

Forms of the arrangement of compound-action in the lesson

Formed skills (universal training actions)

Prome-sprying

I. Body

Preparation of students

to the study of new material

- I suggest play! I will give one person from class a card on which the subject is depicted. It is necessary to tell about the subject, without calling it (river, trees, flower bed, bench, gazebo, staircase, sculptural construction, swing).

What unites all these items?

Right. It surrounds us on the streets of the city!

Remember the lessons of geography and name, what industry of architecture will go talk today?

landscape architecture

Play. Gose objects. Come to the conclusion. Set a goal

Frontal-Naya

Regulatory: define the goal, the problem in training activities. Personal: understand the meaning of knowledge for a person, realize their interests and goals

II. Izu-new material

Explanatory-illustrative

- Together with the term "landscape" known from geography, landscape design involves the design of the landscape, the organization of space in the open sky and is part of the broader concept "landscape architecture", the level of its level that determines the carefulness of detail, possession of various techniques for using natural materials : Earth, water, vegetation.

Peterhof Park.

Landscape design is also the design of garden structures, artificial coatings and small architectural forms. It forms a comfortable and harmonious human habitat. Tropical garden Nong Nuch, Thailand.

The area of \u200b\u200blandscape design includes gardening arts, landscaping and decoration of residential areas, streets and roads, city centers, industrial areas, agricultural enterprises, historical landscapes, protected areas. "Bird nests" in Guell Park. World of stone sculpture. Barcelona.

Presentation "Nature in the city". (Slides 2-4.)

Give the definition of the concept of "landscape architecture".

This is a special branch of architecture, which includes garden-park art and architectural and natural creativity.

I propose to get acquainted with the landscape architecture, with the laws and receptions of landscape design, with some elements of the garden design.

Hanging Gardens of Babylon.

As you know, the beginning of garden design is associated with the representation of paradise on earth, therefore it does not fade by the desire of a person to create a paradise corner near his dwelling. We can judge the beauty of ancient gardens on the old paintings and frescoes that are preserved until our time.

For example, the painting of the garden room in Libya's house in Rome, made in the 1st century BC. e., reflects the idealized image of the paradise. High level Garden art in the ancient period was based exclusively on the developed culture of gardening of the Ancient East, which was one of the basics of the world culture of garden art in general. (Ancient Babylon.)

The ancient Romans and the Greeks used the garden as a home as often as the house itself. Gothic understanding of the picture is not too placed to further development Garden art. A characteristic feature of the spatial solution of gothic gardens was their geometric division into the plots of the right form. (Gothic castle Karlstein. Czech.) Presentation "Nature to the city". (Slides 5-7.)

Attach the material that you brought if you think your landscapes belong to the Gothic style.

Of great importance for the development of garden art was the Renaissance. Gardens become not only a natural component of the magnificent places of the feudal, but also occupy a significant place in urban buildings. (Garden and park art Renaissance.)

Renaissance gardens reminded Green Cabinets, in which it was possible to retake among fragrant plants in a beautiful gazebo. Each such a plot was planned according to the only one, only to him the topic. Such "cabinets" were connected with decorative transitions with alleys, stairs, arches and other garden buildings.

Presentation "Nature in the city". (Slides 8- 9.)

And now attach landscapes similar to the landscape of the Renaissance.

At the time of Baroque, the gardens became fashionable sculptures (including those formed from green plants), it became more attention to be paid to the color decision of the garden landscape. This period is significant for magnificent forms rich in decoration and luxury. (Landscape of the Royal Garden Villa Marlia in the Late Baroque style.)

Presentation "Nature in the city". (Slide 10.)

Now attach landscapes similar to the baroque landscape.

The era of classicism in garden buildings and layout is characterized by strict geometric shapes and restraint. (William Kent Landscape Park.)

Presentation "Nature in the city". (Slide 11.)

And now attach landscapes similar to the landscape in the style of classicism.

The twentieth century is distinguished by revolutionary transformations in the architecture of buildings and garden landscape. New, completely fiction designs in the garden architecture appeared. (Techno landscape.)

Presentation "Nature in the city". (Slide 12.)

Attach the material that you brought if you think your landscapes are made in a modern style.

The large imprint on the formation of styles was provided by traditions and culture of various nations. Amazing school landscape architecture of the countries of the East. The main thing in it is the philosophical and poetic awareness of the role of nature in a person's life. (Garden of stones in Japan.)

English school is inherent artistic and functional unity natural environment and architectural structures. (Park Prince Pücler in Bad Musku is the largest English park.) The French school is based on a rational, mathematically verified approach, when the composition of the parks has a hard frame and looks like a huge oral ornament of a green carpet. (Park of the Versailles Palace.)

IN Ancient Russia Only cities were strengthened instead of castles, as in medieval Europe. There were estates surrounded by agricultural land. (Torzhok. Vasilevo. Tver region. "Damn Bridge) The Russian city was built on the opposition of bright polychromicity of buildings with a natural surrounding of any time of the year. Landscape architecture monuments Luo Hi-century practically did not preserve. (Russian manor. Serednikovo.)

Until the Hiiii century in Russian landscape there is a period called "Catherine Classicism". (Manor Kuskovo - a unique monument; culture of the XVILI century.)

XIX century - a period of intensive development of urban gardens, boulevards and embankments, designed specifically for "festivities" of citizens. (Peterhof, Central Park of Culture and Rest named after Gorky in Moscow.)

Presentation "Nature in the city". (Slide 13-19.)

Think and tell me for which countries the most characteristic landscape design in the style of gothic, classicism, baroque.

The traditions of the garden and park arts of Europe and Asia nourish the work of modern architects. (Landscape design of the trinity col1ege courtyard. Canada.)

Get acquainted with the art of creating gardens, couples, boulevards. Take a conclusion and give the definition of the concept of "landscape architecture".

Watch presentations, express your opinion.

Watch presentations, express your opinion. Wipe cooked photographs in accordance with the style of landscape design. Determine what countries are the most characteristic landscape design in the style of gothic, classicism, baroque

Frontal-naya, individual

Cognitive: understand the aesthetic and environmental mutual coexistence of nature and architecture; acquire a general idea of \u200b\u200bthe traditions of landscape-park architecture; enjoy the necessary information from the listened explanation; analyzed, draw conclusions; Build logically substantiated reasoning.

Personal: have motivation to learning activities; Critically comprehend their answers: aware of the integrity of the world and the diversity of views; Show creative fantasy, fiction, resourcefulness, the ability to adequately assess the situation in the process of work.

Regulatory: put forward versions, choose means of achieving the target; planning activities in an academic situation; Determine the problem, put forward versions. Communicative: exchange opinions, know how to listen to each other; planning activities in an academic situation, determine the problem, put forward versions, choose means of achieving the goal; formulate, argue and defend their opinion; learn to comprehend the proposed information

Pi. Creative practicing activity

Partial search

- Make a "characteristic of the relationship between architecture and nature." Compare two different architectural landscape style on a specific example. Making tasks: s. 131, task 1 textbook.

To perform the following task, it is necessary to understand what is necessary to implement the idea in the layout of the landscape.

See Resource Material (1) to Lesson "A p. 149.

Consider the picture of the great Russian artist Isaac Ilyich Levitan "Quiet Abode".

For many centuries, the master, creating gardens and parks, adhered to the laws and rules suggested by nature and common for other types of arts. The gardens focused on, the architecture and painting, poetry and music merged, but the laws of landscape constructions were closest to the laws of building space, that is, to the laws of architecture. Natural landscape forms five main components, closely interconnected with each other: land, water, air masses, vegetation and animal world. We know that very few corners remained on Earth, where the landscape remained in his original form, most landscapes are artificially created by a person. The landscape created by a person obeys the laws of the composition. Under the composition is generally understood various shapes In space in combinations, creating harmonious unity. In other words, placing plants and structures, it is necessary to achieve this relationship, which would be nice to the eye, would cause a feeling of harmony.

Japanese garden of Nikkaya Yuko, Canada.

Presentation "Architectural and natural creativity" (slides 2-5.)

Come up and follow the scheme-drawing of the future landscape composition.

The laws of perspectives are also important in organizing architectural landscape space. The perspective is called a visual change of items as they are removed from the observer. The prospects were opened by the Renaiss Masters, which developed a mathematically accurate system of building space. Leonardo da Vinci wrote that the theory of the linear perspective clarifies the phenomena of visible forms, values \u200b\u200band colors, depending on their position in space.

Highline - Green Oasis in New York, distinguish the perspective linear and air. Si. Resource material (2) to the lesson on p. 149.

Gardens Budhart. Canada. Kanchenjang, Sameya high mountain India.

Unlike painting with its conditional image of nature, in landscaped art, the depth of space is a reality, and the use of the prospects of the perspective helps to create the necessary illusion of deepening or, on the contrary, the reduction of space. Japanese couple to Köraku-En,

Presentation "Architectural and natural creativity" (slides 6-8.)

In nature, the color of the plant is infinite and constantly replaced in general, the color of the earth is involved in the general color of the garden: black couples or lawn, paving paths and sites, sky color, including reflected in water, and, of course, house, shed, garden Furniture. It is very important that the garden does not create an impression of excessive varnish, chaos of paints.

Garden Staircase in Kyoto. Japan.

In the practice of modern landscape design, three main rules for color harmony use that will help you draw up compositions from plants: any color on the background of a contrasting is perceived more saturated, the combination of contrasting colors allows you to increase the overall saturation of the drawings;

With a combination of some colors, the feeling of their saturation is reduced, the more, the closer the color is located in the color circle.

Flowers. Japan.

Presentation "Architectural and natural creativity". (Slides 9-10.)

Pick the material for future work in a specific range.

In the quiet zone of the garden or the household park among greenery and colors, as a rule, adjust the arbors. It is good when a hillside the hill or crown of trees from the dominant winds is closed, and the playgrounds or a small reservoir are equipped nearby. Gardens of the time of the Board of the Ming Dynasty. China. Presentation "Architectural and natural creativity". (Slide 11.)

Using paper plastic, construct a gazebo for your future landscape in your chosen style.

Belvedere is a mysterious and unusual word, which is explained by the history of this elegant, but several specific structures. One hundred years ago, Belveders were very popular: from Belvedere, the landowners admired their estates, by the way, the word Belvedere is translated from Italian - a beautiful view. Belvederes on purpose are similar to the arbor, but they also have a lattice wall, or there are no walls at all. Belvedere at the highest point of the Italian garden surrounded by the statues.

Presentation "Architectural and natural creativity". (Slide 12.)

For the design of Belvedere, you can use about the wave or other material. Make a light design of natural material.

An integral part of all fences are gates and wickets. They need to try to withstand in one style with a fence, in their composition the gate and wickets must be harmonized with the house and the fence. Wicket in the garden. China.

Vertical landscaping of the garden plot gives him a unique charm.

Cm. Resource material (3) to the lesson on s. 149. Roccary in Japanese style.

The stairs have long turned from the element of landscape design into a spectacular decorative decoration. Waterfall ladder of a large cascade. Peterhof. Presentation ".4rchitsk Murgo-Nerod1L0E Creativity." (Slides 13-17.)

Use natural material in your work, various textures.

Gardens, parks, boulevards will not acquire their individual and finished appearance, if it is not paid due attention to the design elements. After all, love for the place where we live, develops out of the smallest things that we are expensive.

Culture and recreation park "Sokolniki". Moscow. Presentation ".4proheterate-Nerid creativity." (Slide 18.)

Tasks: P. 131, Task 3 Tutorial

Listen to the teacher. Get acquainted with the rules of organization of space

landscape. Preparing k. practical work. Watch the presentation, analyzed, draw conclusions.

Create elements for layout and landscape in a certain style

Individual

Cognitive: Using ICT as a tool to achieve their goals; perform analytical exercise; get an idea of \u200b\u200bthe aesthetic coexistence of nature and architecture; Using well-known and master new techniques for working with paper and other materials.

Regulatory: planning activities, choose ways to achieve the goal. Personal: have motivation to learning activities; Critically comprehend their answers: aware of the integrity of the world and the diversity of views; Show creative fantasy, fiction, resourcefulness, the ability to adequately assess the situation in the process of work. Communicative: exchange opinions, know how to listen to each other; planning activities in an academic situation, determine the problem, put forward versions, choose means of achieving the goal; formulate, argue and defend their opinion; learn to comprehend the proposed information

IV. The results of the lesson. Reflection

Creative discussion of work

Organizes a discussion of work.

Consider the work of your comrades. Tell each other about your plastic finds. Share your experience

Are divided by experience

Frontal work

Communicative: outlines their opinion in the dialogue; formulate, argue and defend their opinion

Resource material for lessons 25-26

2. And in nature, and in the picture we notice how the parallel lines come out on the horizon. At the same time, all vertical lines remain vertical, decreasing in magnitude, the further they are from the observer, the less. You can see that low plants in the foreground may seem higher than the highest, located away. This effect is called a linear perspective. Air Perspective is a change in the brightness and clarity of objects, as well as their colors as they remove from the observation point. Spatial color changes are also called a color (colorful) perspective.

3. With this simple admission, approaches the house and other buildings are decorated, create shadow zones that save from the scoring rays of the sun, give the site the only one, only to him with a day. Vertical garden structures include pergolas, trolls, trellis, various arched structures. Pergola is made in medieval tradition. Bridges are not only helping to overcome obstacles, irregularities of relief - ravines, streams, but also are an elegant decorative element in landscape design. There are interesting tools in landscape architecture, which are ideally adapted for decoration of areas with slopes. Roccariya is one of these tools - a picturesque design of stones of different sizes and plants located on the slopes and terraces.

If the material does not fit you, use the search

according to the visual arts of the second-generation GEF on the topic "Nature and Architecture" Technological Card Lesson Teaching subject Class Type of lesson Technology Building a lesson Theme of the lesson The target of the lesson The main terms, concepts of fine art 7 Combined Lesson Problemalogical "Nature and Architecture. Organization of architectural and fingertop space »To acquaint with the history of the emergence and development of landscape design. To form an idea of \u200b\u200bthe main types of gardening systems. Landscaping, the name of the regular (or "French") Park, "Italian" (cascading) parking system, landscape (or "English") parking system, ramp, grotto, terrace, water cascade. Personal MetaPered Method Methods: Explanably illustrative, conversation. Forms: group, frontal, planned result form: respect for the culture and art of their country. Holistic worldview Communicative competence in communicating with peers The need for independent practical creative activity The ability to carry out self-esteem based on the success of the success of educational activities to be able to determine and formulate the goal in the lesson, work According to the plan, evaluate the correctness of action at the level of adequate assessment, plan its actions in accordance with the task, to express their assumption (regulatory UUD); To be able to make up your thoughts orally, listen and hear a partner (communicative Wood) to be focused on your knowledge system: to distinguish a new one from the already known, mined new knowledge: to find answers to questions, using a textbook, your life experience, and information obtained on LESSON (Cognitive Wood). Get new knowledge about the types of landscape design, about historically established park planning systems, highlight samples of Crimean park employment. Organization of space Resources Tutorial: Fine art. Design and architecture in human life. Grade 7, author of St. Petersburg A.S., distribution material.

individual. Stages of the lesson Organization on the lesson Motivation of educational activities. Objectives: to actualize the requirements for the disciple on the part of educational activities; Creating conditions for the emergence of students in the domestic need for inclusion in training activities; establish thematic frames; Specify the type of lesson and outline the steps of training activities. Knowledge of knowledge and fixation of individual difficulties in the trial action. Objectives: to organize execution of a trial learning action. Organize recording students checking and assistance to students in preparation for the lesson. Teacher's activities guys please tell me what kinds of fine art are we studying in this quarter? Name the architectural styles that we studied. (Answer students). Let's at the examples of the Architectural Monuments of the Crimea. Is it easy to write a picture such that she changed not only depending on the point of the review, but also from the time of day, the time of year? So that it is every hour, every moment filled with new content and meaning to please each second and, as it should be true creation, was unique? Of course, it is not easy, but possible. And we see this by visiting the gardens and the parks of our countrymen, creating their unique canvas. Colding his paintings, they take a little land, a piece of sky, the clouds cake. Against this background, they are built by a murmur stream and a quiet lake, in a dark mysterious corner the old lantern ignite ... The world is transformed. I could not believe that such unearthly beauty can be created with your own hands. Where do the forces come from turning over tons of land, search, plant unprecedented flowers, similar to frozen butterflies? How, it turns out, growing what, by definition, should not grow in natural conditions? As a result of a long and astonished study, you come to the conclusion of these people drives the passion of creation and love for beauty, love, in the end, to those that they show with the fading of the heart their canvases and receive gratitude and admiration. And they also infect their student's activities to a lesson. Self-assessment of readiness for the lesson. Students check the correctness of the location of school supplies. Students: Architecture, Design Students: Antique, Romanesque, Gothic, Renaissance style, etc. Pupils: Consider images of the Architectural Monuments of the Crimea. Consciously listened to the image of various species of parks showed by a teacher of various types of parks: action of sense formation. Establishing students' communication between the purpose of educational activities and its motive; Self-monitoring on the organization of the workplace KUDA: planning of training cooperation with teacher and peers, the ability to navigate in your knowledge system: to distinguish a new one from the already known. The ability to listen and understand the speech of others. To be able to express their thoughts with sufficient and accuracy to express their thoughts: goal-setting, (setting a learning task based on the correlation of what is already known to also know what else is unknown) planning (preparation of a plan and sequence of actions) Pouud: independent allocation and formation

Individual difficulty. Detection of the place and the cause of the difficulties of the goal: to identify the place of difficulty building a project to exit from difficulty. Objectives: Create motivation to build an exit project from difficulty. Opening of new knowledge of the goal: to organize the assimilation of the new way of action with proclaiming in external speech. noble "passion" around others, who are imperceptible for themselves begin to look at the trees, flowers, bushes, begin to invent, how to plant a parsley so that she decorate the world is not less than roses, how to find, and then put a stone in the garden so that he would like him to like him Stop and think. Think about the world, love and beauty. Guys, what do you think about what kind of design today will be speaking? Consider architectural styles. Please look at the project board, looking at the photo, name the architectural object and his style, I am sure that many of them you visited on excursions in the Crimea. View slides with photos of the architectural monuments of Crimea. Indeed, one of the types of design is - landscape design - design of open-air space; "The second nature" created by man. Landscape designer engaged in landscaping and improvement of parks, gardens, estates, their design of various decorative elements. Landscape design is closely related to architecture. Often, the buildings are located among the nature, in this case the facilities should be included in the landscape so that they seem like naturally arising from it and ending it. Some facilities, such as medieval castles, located on rocky circles, being associated with the landscape, suppressed everything around everything, dominated the terrain. Other buildings, especially I would especially like to mention some park pavilions, on the contrary, as if "dissolve" in the landscape, "drown" in it. A peculiar area of \u200b\u200barchitecture is artificial green plantings - gardens and parks. The art of creating gardens and parks is known to humanity with deep antiquity. The legend has reached this day about the "hanging gardens of seminimides" by one of the miracles of the world. Indeed, one of the types of design is - studying and consider the images of the Crimean Parks, analyze their design and are trying to determine what principle this park is broken and what plants are present there. Cognitive goal, structuring knowledge, be able to draw up their thoughts in oral form (juda) to be able to find the necessary material, allocate the main thing from the read text. To be able to formulate a story, to keep the dialogue of classmates to be able to make up their thoughts in oral form (judgment) to be able to listen and hear (judging) to be able to make the necessary additions and adjustments to the method of action in the event of a divergent action and its product (RUID) ability to own the monological form of speech ( KUDE) Cognitive URU (able to apply information search methods, including with the help of computer tools) search and selection by necessary

information (Pooh) Free orientation and perception of texts of scientific, journalistic styles (Pooh, general educational Wood) Semantic reading (Puud. Operational UDD) Logical URU can be able to generalize, analyze, compare and classify children view images of gardens and parks Pupils: and what the gardens are different from Parks. Main differences? Enable knowledge and repetitions. Objectives: organize execution of students independently landscape design - design of open-air space; "The second nature" created by man. Landscape designer engaged in landscaping and improvement of parks, gardens, estates, their design of various decorative elements. Landscape design is closely related to architecture. Often, the buildings are located among the nature, in this case the facilities should be included in the landscape so that they seem like naturally arising from it and ending it. Some facilities, such as medieval castles, located on rocky circles, being associated with the landscape, suppressed everything around everything, dominated the terrain. Other buildings, especially I would especially like to mention some park pavilions, on the contrary, as if "dissolve" in the landscape, "drown" in it. A peculiar area of \u200b\u200barchitecture is artificial green plantings - gardens and parks. The art of creating gardens and parks is known to humanity with deep antiquity. The legend has reached this day about the "hanging gardens of seminimides" by one of the miracles of the world. Parks are complex compositions that are developed by architects of landscape architecture. In relation to gardens and parks, the same architectural principles are applicable. The composition of the park may be the most diverse. In many parks, planning is prompted by terrain. There are three main, historically established park planning systems. The first of them, the so-called "Italian" (cascade), provides for the placement of the park on the slope of the mountain with a clearly expressed axis, with the organization on it stairs, ramps, grottoes, terraces, water cascades. Examples include numerous villas of 1718 centuries located near Rome. The second system was called regular (or

"French") Park. It is also characterized by a strictly symmetric layout, but is not built on the relief, but on the level locality. For such parks, the geometric mesh of alley is typical, widespread use of cutting herbs, fountains, water bodies. The largest parcel of regular type is the famous Versailles Park near Paris. The third park layout system was named landscape (or "English"). Landscape parks are asymmetric in composition, they imitate natural forms of nature. The bends of the tracks, the location of groups of trees skillfully imitate the usual natural environment. In a landscape park, many beautiful ponds, cascades, fountains. The layout is determined by the relief, there are no any elements of regularity here. Let's consider the parks created by our countrymen, and try to determine which type of park system includes these samples. View slides. So guys, we looked at the samples of landscape design, some of them have repeatedly visited during excursions. Practical work. Creation of the composition of the "Garden of My Soul". And now on some time you will turn into landscaped architects and create your own garden, which will be located in front of the house. Each of you can choose the layout of your site in a clean system (cascading Italian system, French - regular, English - landscape) or mixed. The result of the lesson, an exhibition, analysis of student work. Final word. Teacher. Each of you turned out a wonderful corner of nature. Fastening the material passed. Students call the main system of gardening design Self-work. Objectives: Organize execution of independent work on new knowledge; Organize self-test on the standard, self-assessment reflection of educational activities in the lesson. Objectives: fix the new lesson content; Organize reflexion and self-esteem by students. Children: come up with their natural motive for the park and paint the park of their dreams. Children start working in albums. Children exhibit their work and analyze them as far as everyone managed to pass in work what I wanted? Reflexing of ways of action, control and assessment of the process and results of activity (Pooh, general educational) Isolation and awareness of students that have already been learned and what else is learn to assimilate the level of assimilation. To be able to evaluate the correctness of the performance in the lesson of an adequate retrospective assessment (RUID) ability to self-esteem based on the success of the success

own learning activities reflection. Did you like today's lesson? A desire to become a landscape designer appeared? And the desire to create your own corner of nature? Thank you for your attention in the lesson. Cleaning jobs. Homework: prepare for the next lesson. Children answer teacher's questions. (Personal Wood)

The desire of the artist to show the whole world his creation is natural and understandable. Obviously, these motives were moving and in a desire to submit to the reader's court fruit of my efforts to landscap in the area. The path to the reached was a thorny. About how I managed to overcome difficulties, I want to tell those who still have to do. I will be glad if my experience will be at least any useful.

The size of 1 hectare sizes appears before the eyes of the landscape architect formed the world of wildlife, where a person comes "guest". This, of course, actually, provided that the landscape is not immaculated by some construction control and the architect should not fully reanimate the natural environment. Forest, meadow, reservoir self-sufficient and without intervening the specialist in landscapes, so when organizing a large space, the entire course of work is determined by the initial decision - to change the natural environment or not. And determines this decision not only the desire of the site of the site, but also the creative impulse of the designer himself: What should this fragment of the world be?

The active invasion of architecture into natural space can be seen in the planning of French, Italian and palace English gardens. Their creators imposed "Absolutist" logic environment. The Russian analogue of such work with the landscape is the famous estate estate Arkhangelsk and the ensemble of Petrodvorets. The rigid geometry of buildings, tracks, cascades with earth barriers, alley and fountains - this structure is subordinated to the laws of mathematics and are extended from nature.

A completely opposite approach to solving a large landscape is necessary when the site owner wants to leave almost all untouched: keeping strawberry glads or mushroom places that will not be able to restore botany. In some cases, such a solution is reasonably. And we are not always talking about the preservation of wildlife, sometimes the question concerns the salvation of the relics of another kind: Moscow region parts are often located on the places of fighting of the Great Patriotic War, and there you can find overgrown trenches and even the preserved graves of soldiers.

Each version of the Space Solutions implies the choice of certain funds. When you need a regular layout of the site and the landscape invades the space, then the sculpture, and light buildings with a decorative canopy can also be among its tools, and they act in a new capacity as opposed to their decorative functions to smaller areas. Sculpture becomes a certain spatial value, and sometimes the dominant.

But the sculpture, and the gazebo, and the stairs - all these elements cannot arise in the site "just so": their appearance should obey the laws of architecture. This is just when they prove the theorem: each line of proof is not self-terminated, it serves as a general solution. An excellent example is true, in urban architecture - is Pashkov's house on Mokhovaya. V. Bazhenov found space and size for each element building - and unchanged.

When working with a large landscape, it is impossible neither with small or monumental elements of space. Even with such as the sky. Do not be surprised: And the sky can become a "instrument" of the landscape architect. Its reflection in a large reservoir can reorganize space, give a poetic sound enough to a lot of boring landscape. That is, by the way, water bodies in Versailles are organized - a huge array of water was balanced by the entire landscape. At the end of the magnificent channel - sculpture, and in the canal it is reflected in the sky. This is not an accident, but the exact calculation of the architect. And elsewhere it looks better than a large area of \u200b\u200blawn - and again everything will determine the choice of masters of the landscape.

We must not forget about the observance of the principle of the proportionality of the landscape to a person. It happens that the site does not "read." Where does the stream flowing? What is behind this step? In a large space, you can lose the orientation, which causes natural discomfort. Of course, this can enter the intent of the owner of the ownership, which, for example, dreams of life in a natural reserve, so that guests sent to the forest on the mushrooms and berries, went to the house only in a week. Then the landscape remains only to pave the tracks next to the house - on this, its activities ends. The architect is invited to the large territory to "curb" space. What does it mean? The idea of \u200b\u200bthe landscape should be clear that the person is not lost in the landscape, and felt comfortable.

From one end of the site to the other 20 minutes walk, but such a coordinate system has been created that the space has become understandable. For example, on a small hill - gazebo. This is a signal: the space is recorded, it is controlled by a person, a gazebo - a point for the "scan" of the entire landscape. The main tool of the architect - especially the landscape is a skillful appeal to the human psyche. A good architect is not only a master of design techniques, but above all - a psychologist.

With a strict regular layout (characteristic of official European gardens), the landscape can become a "chessboard", where the movements of the owners and guests are provided in advance and are calculated by the architect. True, there are more elegant solutions: for example, leaving the grove is untouched, but it is a little to go through it to make the opportunity to understand the space. In this case, the architect can preserve the natural pattern of the forest, and still make a stream, oxides, the hills are absolutely alive, so the guest who first visited the country ownership, may (and should) not guess that all this is the creation of human hands.

Sometimes at large forest areas there is a situation of "extra" land, the use of which is very worried about the host. In such a forest, a large free aviary for animals may appear, such as a roof (such a good experience in using forest areas, the author of these lines saw in Lithuania).

Before "displaced" the landscape, you need to start living his life, it can be crushed with him, and then the space can become solid text. The landscape designer has its own alphabet, with the help of which he tells his version of this landscape. We have already told about the asazha landscape tank, and a complex "syntax" begins on the site from hectare. Here the volume of the house always loses space. This can be the principle of organization of the site: the house in this case is "hidden" in the corner, tapering, its location is not accentuated.

In other embodiments, the house leads to environmental agreement, and then the motives of the house architecture dominate the landscape elements. So, in the same Arkhangelsk, the manor house stands upstairs, but he himself is small and alone did not "stretched" the park's space, did not complain with him. But it is precisely the house dominates in the landscape of Arkhangelsky. The king in this case, as it should be, is played by a retinue: stairs, supporting walls along with other architectural elements are clearly focused on the main house. And he captures the space, assigns it to himself, which is why the estate itself is also a dominant.

Always on the big plot, the architect immediately puts the question how to link the house with the environment. The scale of small architectural forms operating on the general formula of the solution, and other important elements of modern landscape design - in particular roads. It is no secret that the owners of large country houses must comply with mandatory rituals that distinguish a certain lifestyle. As a rule, there are often techniques in such possessions, many guests come, and the road from the door to the house is a serious task for the landscape architect. In Soviet times, in the country party homesteads, she was simply resolved: the road from the checkpoint to the entrance of the house was keen strictly In a straight line, as if the nomenclature worker could not calm down and flew without stopping from the Kremlin before the entrance of the state estate.

Unfortunately, such a straightforward (literal and figurative sense) approach to the design of roads is often preserved in modern country sites. In this case, the landscape architect is powerless to come up with something, except the "parade" alley on such a "continuation of the highway".

But the road can be made interesting, with a complex trajectory - lead it from the gate on the arc, along the Big Ring to show the main house of country ownership. With competent work of designers, the house may become a "heart" of a large plot and then should appear in the field of view of the approach from the most profitable party.

Roads on the large plot perform and purely functional tasks. Private possession of this scale lives in a rich life, implying the solid staff of the staff, and many technical buildings. Therefore, in addition to the necessary element of the road - a front door to the house with a reversal loop, it is necessary to consider the decision of the access ways to economic outputs, which should not attract attention.

Speaking about the roads, you must not forget about this, at first glance, the secondary detail, as the driveway to the very plot. Not all cars are passed on the territory of large suburban ownership. If there are no parking spaces for such machines (mainly technical services), then they will, of course, will drip off on the side of the road, and what a broken curb in Russia knows everyone. As a result, the state of the road at the gate can spoil the overall impression even from the perfectly performed landscape on the site itself. Parking for guests, garages with washers and other means of car service - these are the necessary elements of the new generation of the country.

House stands on the banks of the reservoir? So, it is necessary to foresee how to read in the landscape decision of the Helling for yachts. And if there is no natural reservoir on the site, it is possible to arrange an artificial, and a small decorative pond or a waterfall, as on a plot of 15-30 acres, is not limited to. On 1 hectare you can create a lake - its area will be calculated no longer with square meters, but weave. You can make a long stream, current along the shores with a complex relief and a cumulative multi-meter waterfall. Even a walk through such places is a wonderful stay.

By the way, the device of pleasure tracks of modern type also deserves attention. After all, the tracks that were organized on the party Soviet villas, now produce a strange impression of the "recreation zone of high-ranking workers": Along the asphalt trails are huge street lights and garden-park benches of the 1950 sample.

A large space, especially with a complex relief, allows the landscape architect to organize ski letters and tracks. Then the country villa can become a winter mini resort. But if it came about sports, then at such a plot is designed not just a sports field, but a whole wellness complex, which includes a tennis court and a field for mini-football, and a room for simulators, and a sauna.

Large country ownership dictates a special lifestyle with its ritual and microworld, which the landscape is obliged to take into account. For example, vegetables for the host table are grown, mainly in greenhouses - greenhouses can be made interesting architectural structures, which will give charm to secluded corners of the site.

However, with "Procurance" also have its own problems. For example, a mangal gazebo or a different decorative picnic structure, located, as a rule, is 10-15 minutes walk from the central house, forcing the technical problems that sometimes forget. Here it is necessary to make devices for storing dishes, refrigerator and just elementary amenities so that you should not return to the house.

It is particular, and meanwhile, all small problems add up to solve a more global task - the overall stylist of the Country House of the XXI century. Of course, a wealthy person can book small versals on his suburban area. Or build a copy of the Russian suburban estate of the nineteenth century with sculptural alleys. But it is clear that on a modern villa with a jacuzzi and warm floors, the fireplaces will be trampled to heating at home. However, to build something ultra-modern in the Russian forest - it means to conflict with historical traditions, and with the landscape itself. Otherwise, such a structure will look clumsy scenery from the Soviet fantastic films of the 1980s, where something spherical, glass and concrete were blocked on a pine eddy.

This directly applies to the land landscape. The French garden in the estate near Moscow is impossible not only by stylistic reasons: such gardens existed in climatic zones where certain plants were hung. Only such plants gardeners and could give the most incredible forms: cut them as a ball or a pyramid. In our latitudes it is very difficult to grow similar plants. And those that are still coming around, grow too long for the owner waiting for a shrub can be cut. But after all, the same estate of the XIX century can be built, given all modern technologies, and without playing seriously in the "Barity" of the last century, and suggesting a subtle stylization.

In the following conversations, we will have the opportunity to talk about the contact of modern architectural forms with a natural medium. This directly relates to the theme of the country house of the XXI century.

Conversation with Alexander Zhdanov V. Shukhmin

Butenko O.V., Kuranova R.Z.binary lesson from and computer scienceSOSH№8 Khanty-Mansiysk

7th grade

Teacher from: Butenko O.V.

Computer Science Teacher: Kuranova R.Z.

Topic: Nature and Architecture

Purpose: Fastening learned knowledge through the ability to form a video order

Tasks:

• systematize knowledge on the topic "Presentation" and create a mini project for primary school teachers on the chosen topic;
• systematize knowledge on the topic "Nature and architecture" to fulfill the project in the figure;
• educating the ability to work in small groups.

Type of lesson: consolidation of knowledge and formation of practical skills and skills.

Type of lesson: Creative game

Selected technologies that complementeach other:

1. ICT - technology - for the visual perception of new material, vocabulary, finding decisions on an extended problem;
2. technology projects - to increase interest in children to the topic studied through the use of knowledge in practice when performing creative design work, where all stages are included from the idea to protection;
3. technology of work in small groups- scheduled for the development of the ability to communicate, negotiate, to find a general solution when performing a project assignment

Methods:

• by the source of transmission and perception of training activities:verbal, visual using ICT, practical;
• p about the degree of independence of thinking: problem-search;
• method of stimulating I.control

Vocabulary: multimedia - this is the ability to keep together numeric, textual, logical, graphical, sound and video information;

animation - the revival of the drawing;

architecture- art design structures or totality of buildings;

landscape- general type of locality;

design- Activities for designing and creating objects.

Spectator: Presentation to the lesson.

Teacher Equipment: Multimedia Equipment (Screen, Projector, Laptop)

Equipment for children: Computers with Internet access, A-4, simple pencil, eraser, color pencils

During the classes

Communication of architecture with nature

Obviously, the essence of man and nature exists inextricably, as if a person did not strive for progress, in the end he returns to natural origins. Nature is the first beginning, from which, throughout the entire existence, humanity continues to draw inspiration during architectural design. However, scientific and technical progress and spiritual beliefs impose a certain imprint on the construction of different historical eras.

A large number of new solutions that appeared as a result of the development of the area of \u200b\u200bbuilding materials and structures, allows a person to create life around him. Features of the terrain of construction, climatic conditions and cultural and historical features of peoples affect the formation of forms of architectural compositions. Undoubtedly, the natural appearance imposes an imprint on aesthetic education and forms live values, because it is possible to keep nature for future generations.

Nature is manifested in the world in the diversity of forms, therefore, the products of scientific and technological progress surrounded from all sides, a person continues to take inspiration from nature and psychologically gives away with his desire for spiritual rest. However, this does not always allow us the architectural concepts of recreational zones.

Note 1.

Over time, the interpretation of the term architecture has changed. Initially, he meant the art of building buildings, today the architecture can be called displaying the possibilities of humanity in the field of construction technologies.

Figure 1. Glass cube Leonardo. Author24 - Student Internet Exchange

To date, the most famous specialists in the field of "natural" design can be called such architects as:

• Greg Lynn;
• Michael Sorkin;
• Santiago Calatrava;
• Norman Foster.

Today a lot of new building structures are being developed, increasingly the facades are decorated with glass and metal, it is noteworthy to use coarse forms in the architecture of not only business and public points of the city, but also in the architecture of recreational zones.

To meet the psychological needs of a person in energy recreation, the dominance of nature is important, so it is important to be "visiting" with her, and not to be its owner.

Famous facilities illustrating the relationship of nature and man

Modern technologies allow building gardens, buildings with "green walls". Such concepts connecting construction architecture and nature are very popular today. Consider some of the most vivid examples of such combinations:

• Concert Hall of Auditorio de Tenerife, Spain. In shape, this building resembles a bizarre fish. The roof is characterized by a characteristic bend, the height of which changes along the entire length of the building. The side windows of the concert hall resemble the eyes semi-closed eyelids. The main hall has 1616 seats and a scene of 16.5 meters wide. Log in the hall of this opera you can on both sides of the building, the construction is equipped with two terraces overlooking the sea;
• Complex of Mesh Orangery "Eden", United Kingdom. The dome of these structures consist of a plurality of plastic hexagons, combining in one design. The frame consists of metal pipes forming polygonal frames. In form, this complex of structures resembles mesh beesh cells;
• Glass cube Leonardo, Germany. This building serves as a venue for informal meetings. Here you can see the interaction of the internal interior and the design of the surrounding landscape. The internal interior of the structure is made in white and correlates with the architecture of the facade in the smoothness of the forms;
• Planetarium Emisfech, Spain. This construction successfully serves as a planetarium and the IMAX cinema. The name of this structure is translated as "hemisphere", it is such a form that has a building. Part of the semisfer is movable: when moving opens the ball within the ball. As an appearance of the architect, this construction must resemble the human eye, symbolizing the observation of the huge surrounding world;
• Milwaukee Museum, USA. At the first glance, this facilities appear associations with a white bird. In the galleries, the museum has more than 30,000 works of art;
• Complex of underground houses Peter Village, Switzerland. Here, the basis of the earth, as the heat-insulating material, effectively protecting against rain and heat loss is taken. These structures are classic turf houses with a green roof, having a rounded "natural" form and characterized by the absence of repetitive elements. Architects such projects seek to maximize the natural landscape of the terrain, turning fundamental building solutions to fabulous.

Along with specific structures, all directions in architecture can also be distinguished, seeking to strengthen the interaction of a person with nature. For example, herbal roofs received a large propagation in the Scandinavian countries. Norwegian scientists have been proven that such a coating has not only good heat and sound insulation properties, but also is environmentally friendly and cost-effective. Germany also becomes popular roof decoration with flowers compositions, this allows a person to feel harmony with nature, and also to emphasize the special personality of the building.

Figure 2. Underground houses of Peter Holy. Author24 - Student Internet Exchange

The main aspects of the "natural" architecture

Architecture is one of the main elements present in the life of a person, and also bears the protection function. Therefore, it is important to organize the space and the appearance of the building in relationship with an ecologically favorable recreational medium. Architecture combines into a single organism created by man and existing nature. This can be explained by the fact that harmony is equilibrium opposite forces, which determines the principle of the existence of nature, because the equivalence of forces is the basis of the harmony of being. Today's architecture embodies the nature of human hands and is the highest degree of harmonious impact.