Energy saving. Energy saving - implementation of a set of measures for the rational use of fuel

Energy saving

(Energy saving)

Energy saving - implementation of a set of measures for the rational use of fuel

Energy saving program, energy efficiency improvement, energy saving systems and technologies, about energy saving

Energy saving is, definition

Energy saving is implementation of a complex of organizational, legal, production, scientific, economic, technical and other measures aimed at rational use and economical use of fuel and energy resources. In addition, the system energy saving include measures to involve renewable energy sources in the economic circulation.

Energy saving- this is an important state task for the preservation of natural resources.

Energy saving is consumption limitation different types energy, including the introduction of quotas for the supply of gas, heat, electricity, etc. with an increase in tariffs for them, control of the means of accounting for energy costs.

V Russian Federation and other countries the former USSR at present, the most urgent is household energy saving in everyday life, as well as energy saving in the housing and utilities sector. An obstacle to its implementation is the restraint of the growth of tariffs for the population for certain types of resources (electricity, gas), the lack of funds from housing and communal services enterprises for the implementation of energy-saving programs, a low share of settlements for individual metering devices and the application of standards, as well as the lack of a mass household culture of energy saving. Ensuring energy savings in the agro-industrial complex is also relevant. For millennia, the main types of energy used by humans have been the chemical energy of wood, the potential energy of water on dams, kinetic energy wind and radiant energy sunlight... But in the 19th century. the main sources of energy are fossil fuels:, and. With the rapid growth of energy consumption, numerous problems have arisen and the question of future energy sources has arisen. Progress has been made in energy saving. Recently, there has been a search for cleaner forms of energy, such as solar, geothermal, energy the wind and energy thermonuclear fusion... Energy consumption has always been directly related to the state of the economy.

The main directions of energy saving in everyday life

1. Behavioral energy saving.

This is the ingraining in people of the habit of minimizing the use of energy when they do not need it, which can be expressed by the usual slogan "When leaving, turn off the light." It is necessary for people to understand the situation that energy saving is economically beneficial. This is achieved information support, methods of propaganda, teaching from school to energy saving.

Those. behavioral energy conservation implies meeting needs with less energy consumption, and this is mainly achieved without improving technology. Experience has shown that behavioral energy savings can account for up to 10% of the total energy savings potential.

Energy saving is

2. Improvement of consumers' power installations.

First of all, the improvement of their designs. It is important to provide domestic developers and equipment manufacturers with information on the prospects for the energy-saving technologies market. For example, after the adoption of the Federal Law "On Energy Saving" in 1996, the massive use of heat meters was expected, which resulted in the emergence of many domestic manufacturers of heat energy metering devices. Planning for future needs is extremely important to business development. There is also a need to raise awareness consumers about new technologies (developments).

3. Energy saving in buildings and structures, improvement of their structures.

Most of these measures are relevant in terms of heat energy, as well as savings electricity used for thermal purposes and for lighting (not only more efficient light bulbs, but also certain requirements for the room, for example, up to the use of light or reflective colors).

A system of measures, both restrictive and stimulating, is imposed on all these three main groups. One of the main tasks is to make energy saving a profitable business for both professional energy saving organizations and investors. On the other hand, energy conservation must be turned to consumers energy resources in an affordable way to reduce costs. In a market economy, those goods or services are produced that are ready to buy, therefore it is necessary to create market energy saving, through the creation of energy-saving needs goods and services, and they will not hesitate to appear in the presence of demand. The need for specific technologies, the implementation of certain measures, the need to reduce certain indicators should appear with appropriate tariff regulation, environmental restrictions, restrictions on the use of fuel, etc. When creating a system of needs, energy service companies will quickly appear, creating their own business in this area, because this activity does not require significant financial investments, more experience, knowledge of economics and technology is needed.

Energy saving is

Energy saving technologies and measures

Below, methods and measures will be proposed, the implementation of which makes it possible to use fuel and energy resources more efficiently and significantly reduce monetary costs:

1. Saving heat energy, electricity and water in production, transport and consumption at home

2. Saving fuel in the production of electrical and thermal energy

3. Accounting for the consumption of water, gas, heat and electricity

4. Energy audits (energy audit), drawing up energy certificates

5. Harming renewable sources of heat and electricity

6. Promotion of ecological modes of transport, alternative energy sources.

Energy saving is

1.1 Saving electrical energy

1.1.1 Lighting

1.1.2 Electric actuator

1.1.3 Electric heating and electric stoves

1.1.4 Refrigeration units and air conditioners

1.1.5 Consumption of household and other devices

1.1.6 Reducing network losses

1.2 Saving heat

1.2.1 Reducing heat loss

1.2.2 Improving the efficiency of heat supply systems

1.3 Saving water

1.4 Saving gas

1.5 Saving motor fuel

2 Efficiency and economic calculation

3 and authorities

Energy saving is

Sources for the article "Energy saving"

ru.wikipedia.org - the free encyclopedia Wikipedia

dic.academic.ru - Academician

energosovet.ru - energy saving portal

Investor encyclopedia. 2013 .

Synonyms:

See what "Energy Saving" is in other dictionaries:

energy saving- energy saving ... Spelling dictionary-reference

energy saving- energy saving: Implementation of legal, organizational, scientific, industrial, technical and economic measures aimed at the efficient use of energy resources. A source … Dictionary-reference book of terms of normative and technical documentation

Energy saving- implementation of legal, organizational, scientific, production, technical and economic measures aimed at involving renewable energy sources in the economic circulation. See also: Energy Financial Dictionary Finam ... Financial vocabulary

energy saving- Implementation of legal, organizational, scientific, production, technical and economic measures aimed at the efficient (rational) use (and economical use) of fuel and energy resources and the involvement of renewable ... ... Technical translator's guide

energy saving- noun, number of synonyms: 1 savings (25) ASIS synonym dictionary. V.N. Trishin. 2013 ... Synonym dictionary

energy saving- A system of measures designed to minimize energy consumption at work and at home ... Geography Dictionary

Energy saving- - implementation of organizational, legal, technical, technological, economic and other measures aimed at reducing the volume of energy resources used while maintaining the corresponding beneficial effect from their use (in ... ... Encyclopedia of terms, definitions and explanations of building materials

Energy saving- (English power supply) in the Russian Federation, the implementation of legal, organizational, scientific, industrial, technical and economic measures aimed at the efficient use of energy resources and the involvement of renewable ... ... Encyclopedia of Law

Energy saving- This term has other meanings, see Energy saving (disambiguation). Energy saving (energy saving) implementation of legal, organizational, scientific, industrial, technical and economic measures aimed at effective ... Wikipedia

Energy saving- 3) energy saving implementation of organizational, legal, technical, technological, economic and other measures aimed at reducing the volume of energy resources used while maintaining the corresponding beneficial effect from their ... ... Official terminology

Books

Energy Saving in Heat and Gas Supply, Ventilation and Air Conditioning Systems: Textbook. Protasevich A. M., Protasevich A. M. Energy saving in heat and gas supply systems, ventilation and air conditioning: Tutorial... Protasevich A.M. ISBN: 978-5-16-005515-2 ...

“Save energy! Do not palіt groshі darma! "

(See a new window with a video clip, click the right mouse button on the screen, turn on the "Save video yak ..." function and turn it off.)

Try to come in, as you can get a big man to get rid of the wicked pobut for new minds, you can distribute it directly:

Zaoschadzhennya resources: drive, gas, heat meagerly. For the whole it is necessary to simply call out the bells and whistles and just go in, for example, to install the faucets and install the heat-sensitive screens behind the radiators.
Insulation prim_shennya... For example, replacing the gluing of the windows, carrying out the thermal insulation, modernization of the ventilation system.
Establishment of attachments to the region... Tse allow you to pay deprivation for the supply of resources.
Moving to more modern, energy saving and alternative energy sources and systems... For example, replacing a gas boiler with a solid-burning one for additional programs of state credit, and the installation of vitro generators.

Zaoschadzhuєmo hot water

Close the water, as you don’t use water here at once. There is a lot of folding in the fact that you turn off the tap before an hour, cleaning the teeth, cleaning the skins from vegetables and fruits. It’s as simple as not to think about the price - to install the electronic device. Todi water lasts only todі, if you have to use your hands or dishes.
Sparingly we will use the handles at the top of the window, below the standard two taps. You can set the temperature to a comfortable level, turn the tap on one hand, and do not turn the tap on the tap, marno will turn the water on for that hour.
It is necessary to follow the plumbing camp and repair it immediately. Hundreds of thousands of years of water flow from the tap, which is against it. Price for several baths.
As soon as the booth is in the central water supply, then put the vats on the water, as I am hot, I am so cold. Ludin ’s ludin rallied from the lordly crib for a skin hole on the road, or for a suspension that didn’t repair his tap.
Take a shower less than a bath. Through the nozzles, which dispense water, it is vitrized from the spout with less water.
For a sparing drive for an hour or so, put the dishes under the sink. Todi can be rolled in one part, and rinsed in the other.
It is not recommended to freeze frozen products - meat, ribu - pid with a strum. The price is not deprived of marne from the vitrachnia of the drive of the warmth, the ale and dignity of the corny words of the products.
Slide vikoristovuvati pobutovі attach, like zahadzhuyut pratsyu, hour and resource. For example, automatic washing machines, dishwasher machines too.
It is necessary to recalculate the valve for the water, if it is too small for a few days.

Zaoshchadzhuumo electric power

Zaoschadzhuumo heat and gas

The heating unit in the apartment is connected to the central heating unit, so you can get some heat and pay only for the whole amount.
The thermostatic valve on the radiator allows you to control the temperature in the booth, apartments and rooms.
The size of the opalescent attachment is guilty of giving rise to the size of the attachment, so that it’s heating up the next step, as there is not a single one in the booth.
Opaluvalny add that radіatori will be more effective, as it is not tinted with furniture, important curtains, or with decorative panels.
The system "heat pidlog" - a way to bring heat to the same place, most of the time is needed. For example, for a working style or for a lunch box, don't go to a bag.
Before the cob of cutaneous opalizing season, the system should be reversed. Varto get rid of the traffic jams, fix the problem of the young man, and I have a lot of respect for the job of creating the parts of the system. Tse allow uniknuti privіv during the hour of operation of the system in the cold period.
A gas column, or a boiler, which was delivered for 15-20 years, would be replaced, more than an hour, it would be more efficient to attach it.
A greater part of the heat will be consumed by the booth in three ways: through the doors and windows, through the doors and through the openings. Apparently, it should be insulated. The most affordable option, which can be turned from leather - insulate the windows with foam rubber, pull the door hinges and knock out the doors themselves, blow out the mounting point at the entrance to the pipes from the donkey.
Windows with subordinate or ineffective flaws at the bottom of the change in heat loss.
It is necessary to move the thermal insulation of the outer doors, I respect the bottom, top and bottom of the door and the wall.
Shchilny curtains add to the warmth of the donkey, or to create the necessary warmth from the radiators.
Tovsty kilim lower the heat, as you go through the pidlog.
The modernization of the ventilation system, and the heat recovery itself, is a real way of saving money.

Zmenshennya vratta heat insulating way

Insulation of vegetable garden constructions. Ogorodzhuvalny constructions - the chains, foundations, steles, mountains, they passed too little. Pick up for insulation materials such as polypolystyrene, extruded polystyrene, mineral wool, basalt plates, energy saving farbi. Failure option - special heating systems.

Insulation of constructions, as they appear. Tse vіkna, apartments, doors, balconies. Install two-chamber sklopakety at the window on the balconies. If you will replace the entrance doors, keep them for size and insulate the whiskers. Old doors can be as simple as additional doors, which are constructively flexible.

Installation of individual (modular) heating points with regulation of the amount of heat supply that can be supplied. The creation of such heat-insulating robots can be found, but you simply do not need that amount of heat, as the supply of centralized framing is possible. And for that reason, you will be warmly called, but now not through the broaches, but through the openings. This problem can also be helped by installing a thermostatic valve on the radiator, which allows you to control the temperature in the booth, apartments or rooms.

Read more on the following information resources:

Doslidzhen Energy Center	Provincial galuzeviy Internet portal of Ukraine for revenging analytical materials, infographics, blogs of experts, Internet experts of the provincial specialties in the energy sphere	eircenter.com
Portal zhytlo.in.ua	Information portal about the reform of the housing and communal sphere, analytical data and data on the right to energy protection	zhytlo.in.ua
Portal "Your warmth"	Practical delight for the hulks about energy conservation in the booth. Based on the most expanded power supply	svoeteplo.org
Portal Ukraine communal	Information portal of the housing and communal sphere	jkg-portal.com.ua
Energy Evolution UA	Practical delight in the fact that it is victorious and saving the heat and energy of the power industry	energy-evolution.wix.com/main
Ecoclub Rivne	Visiting food to protect the power supply and energy	ecoclubrivne.org
Eco town	Information resource for energy saving and energy efficiency. New to the market and put on the implemented projects.	ecotown.com.ua

Adopted in 1994, it gives the following definition of the concept of "energy saving" - this is an activity aimed at the rational use and economical use of primary and converted energy and natural energy resources in the national economy and which is implemented using technical, economic and legal methods... For some reason, there is no definition of energy efficiency in this document, but there are references to energy efficient technologies, projects, etc. Therefore, we will try to independently determine energy efficiency as the main criterion for the efficiency of energy use in production. Energy intensity is usually the main indicator of energy efficiency. More generally speaking, energy conservation is an organizational process and energy efficiency is a technical indicator.

The most important part of the EU energy policy is to increase the share of energy obtained from renewable sources (RES). The European Union has set itself the goal of obtaining 20% of primary energy from renewable energy sources in 2020. Achievements and problems in this area deserve special attention.

"The economy must be economical"

Over the past decades, the Ukrainian economy has been the leader in terms of energy consumption among European countries... For comparison, the GDP of Germany in 2013 exceeded the corresponding indicator of Ukraine by almost 25 times, while the costs of primary energy resources were only 3.2 times higher than in Ukraine. The total energy consumption of our neighbor Poland was 96% of that of Ukraine, and the GDP was 3.6 rubles. was bigger. The energy intensity of the Ukrainian economy exceeds the indicators of Russia and Belarus, the closest competitors in the post-Soviet space. (see country data).

Ukraine was one of the first in the CIS to adopt a law on energy conservation, which is still in effect with amendments. The defining disadvantage of this law is the lack of clearly defined methods legal regulation in the field of energy efficiency and means of its implementation. Many years of attempts to improve legislation in the field of energy conservation led to the creation of ineffective by-laws on energy conservation issues and gave rise to a functionally unstructured, amorphous system of public administration in this area. So, for example, in the field of energy saving and energy efficiency there are more than 250 regulatory legal acts. At the same time, the volume of successfully implemented energy efficient projects is so small that it does not correlate with the scale of irrational consumption of energy resources in Ukraine and does not affect the quality indicators of the state economy as a whole (see thematic, where this thesis is disclosed in detail).

A certain decrease in the energy intensity of Ukraine's GDP in the late 1990s and early 2000s was achieved not as a result of the implementation of the state policy on energy efficiency, but as a result of an increase in industrial production.

In the next decade, there have been no significant changes in the activities of state bodies on energy saving and energy efficiency. Thus, the start of the work of the State Energy Efficiency Fund is planned only for April 2017. Prior to that, the Ukrainian parliament should adopt bills on the Fund itself, "On housing and communal services", "On commercial accounting of housing and communal services" and "On energy efficiency of buildings." For reference: a similar state Fund for Energy Saving should have been created in accordance with the Law "On Energy Saving" (1994, Article 13). However, for some reason, for twenty years, it has not worked, and some of the listed bills were discussed and should have been adopted in the middle of the 2000s. Does this mean that the new is the well-forgotten old?

Over the past twenty years, energy conservation and energy efficiency have remained an elusive goal for the Ukrainian economy. In 2000 - 2013 the main consumers of primary energy resources in Ukraine were: industry (35-40%) and housing and communal services (on average 33%). The most energy-intensive industries are metallurgy and the chemical industry. In 2010, they consumed about half of all gas imports, and metallurgy accounted for more than half of all energy resources in the industrial sector.

Ukraine is the leader in steel smelting in open-hearth furnaces (outdated technology): of all steel smelted in the world, only 2.2% is smelted in open-hearth furnaces, of which 40% - in Ukraine. At the same time, the energy intensity of open-hearth technology is more than three times higher than the energy intensity of steel smelting in electric arc furnaces (40% of world steel production). ... - p.99,100).

Most of the metallurgical enterprises in our country were built in Soviet times, which means that technologically, despite partial modernization, they represent a downtrend in economic development(depreciation of production assets - 65%). Labor productivity at such enterprises is 200-250 tons of steel per year, and at modern metallurgical plants - 3000-4000 tons. In 2006, only a third of the Ukrainian iron and steel plants were close to world standards in terms of energy consumption. At the same time, 80% of metallurgical products are export-oriented and remain one of the main sources of budget replenishment.

V last years there is a forced reorientation of Ukrainian metallurgical exports to the EU countries, and energy costs at metallurgical enterprises in our country exceed their German and Italian counterparts by 50-70%. Therefore, the products have a high cost, which foreign buyers are not interested in paying. The low competitiveness of the domestic metallurgical complex reduces its investment attractiveness, which means that the owners will make the most of the existing facilities, which have limited potential for improving energy efficiency.

A similar situation has developed in the chemical industry, which uses about 10% of the primary energy resources of the industrial sector. Out of 1,300 enterprises in the industry, only 12 met world energy consumption standards (2006). In 2014, the energy efficiency of the Ukrainian chemical industry was 51% of the European average. Against the background of mechanical engineering (22%) and construction (21%), the indicator is not the worst. However, for the chemical industry, whose products are largely oriented towards foreign markets (8% of the total volume of Ukrainian exports), energy consumption significantly reduces the competitiveness. As in metallurgy, semi-finished products, rather than high-tech products, have prospects in European markets. Therefore, increasing the energy efficiency of worn-out capacities of the Ukrainian chemical industry has its limits. Similar trends are inherent in almost all industries in Ukraine.

The housing and communal sector remains a real "black hole" in the use of primary energy resources. According to the Minister of Regional Development, Construction and Housing and Communal Services, gas losses in the heating system and the residential sector of the country. This represents more than 70% of the annual gas imports worth almost $ 2.3 billion. In general, losses in district heating systems reach 60%. (cm. )

Every year, a fifth of fuel resources and electricity and a third of thermal energy are spent on housing and household needs of the population of Ukraine. Approximately 1.3 tons of equivalent fuel per year is consumed per inhabitant, which is almost twice as much as in developed countries. Energy consumption continues to deteriorate due to natural aging housing stock country.

According to experts, 90% of Ukrainian high-rise buildings are in need of thermal modernization. Moreover, we are talking about a complex of works on the insulation of houses, and not about the thermal insulation of individual apartments, as is being done at present. Note that in order to thermo-modernize 25% of existing buildings in Ukraine by 2020, according to the State Energy Efficiency estimates, 8.2 billion euros must be attracted.

The current work of government agencies in this direction looks like this: from 2014 to mid-2016, about 1% of Ukrainian households and less than 2% of condominiums were issued, which were created in only a fifth of multi-storey buildings. You can count how many decades it will take to insulate our homes at such a rate.

One of the main reasons for this situation is the lack of economic motivation to improve energy efficiency in a significant part of the residents of apartment buildings. If the government plans in 2016 to "do good" with subsidies for payment of housing services 60% of Ukrainian households, then we can assume. that in the majority of high-rise buildings in the country, up to half of apartment owners are recipients of subsidies. This means that they do not need either condominiums or thermal modernization.

UAH 800 million were allocated for energy efficiency measures, and over UAH 50 billion for subsidies. This is how the government plans to improve the country's energy efficiency. For comparison, the EU plans to spend at least $ 100 billion on energy efficiency by 2020. annually.

Thus, today the struggle for energy saving and energy efficiency in Ukrainian is mainly focused on the fields of reports for the IMF to receive the next tranches of loans. The real work is probably still ahead.

In addition to global trends, the relevance of the introduction of energy-saving technologies in Ukraine is primarily due to the significant dependence of the economy on imports of fuel and energy resources. This significantly slows down the process of Ukraine's formation as an economically independent state. Several additional factors further exacerbate this problem.

Today, most of the industrial equipment and technologies used in Ukraine are outdated and consume more energy than their modern counterparts. This leads to inefficient use of energy resources. Today, in Ukraine, 2.6 times more energy is spent on the creation of a unit of production than in Europe.

Ukraine satisfies its needs for natural energy resources through its own production by approximately 45%. In most countries of the world, the level of energy self-sufficiency is the same or even lower. At the same time, Ukraine is one of the countries in the world where the level of energy consumption is extremely high. Its share in global energy consumption is 1.9%, while the population is less than 1% of the world's population. From the energy point of view, production inefficiency is caused by two main reasons: an unbalanced structure of energy consumption and irrational use of energy in all sectors of the economy.

For example, in 1995 the cost of used fuel and energy resources (FER) in our country amounted to about 25% of GDP. In France, for example, this figure is less than 3%. In 1996, fuel was imported in the amount of more than 7.5 million US dollars, which was several times higher than the state budget expenditures for financing the social sphere, science and culture taken together.

After Ukraine became an independent state, studies were carried out that identified the main problems of the energy sector:

· very high level energy intensity;

· Significant dependence on imports of gas, oil and nuclear fuel;

· Low efficiency of energy use;

Thus, the solution of a number of fundamental problems of the energy sector has become relevant, taking into account a number of circumstances:

· Local (own) natural energy sources are limited by reserves of coal, oil and gas, small reserves of hydro resources and significant reserves of low-quality uranium;

· The state is forced to purchase energy resources at prices close to world prices.

· The lack of a sufficient amount of funds leads to the need for mutual settlements for energy resources on a barter basis. This leads to an increase in the cost of energy resources, and, therefore, it is very difficult to establish the real cost of the resources purchased by Ukraine.

Today, the most energy-intensive industries in Ukraine are:

· Ferrous metallurgy - 22.5%;

· Mechanical engineering and metalworking - 10%;

· Petrochemical industry - 8%;

· Fuel industry - 8%;

· Non-ferrous metallurgy - 3.2%;

· Production of building materials - 3%.

In Ukraine, the upward trend in energy consumption continues. The fuel and energy component in the total cost of production increased in various industries from 5% to 50% and for every 1000 UAH. of manufactured products in Ukraine as a whole is 1.626 tons of standard fuel., 1.549 thousand kWh of electricity and 1.942 Gcal of thermal energy.

Therefore, the need to increase the level of energy security is one of the main tasks of our state at the present stage of its socio-economic development, and energy saving in national economy Of Ukraine has been raised to the level of state policy.

The factor of energy saving is one of the determining factors for the energy strategy of Ukraine. In accordance with the Main Directions of the Energy Strategy until 2030, due to energy conservation, the energy intensity of GDP in 2030 should be halved - from the current level of 0.89 kg of c.f. / USD. up to 0.41 kg c.f. / USD

One of the most effective and large-scale areas of energy conservation is industry energy conservation in such main areas as the introduction of new energy-saving technologies and equipment; improvement of existing technologies and equipment; reduction in energy consumption.

Important events are the signing of the European Energy Charter, as well as the UN Climate Change Convention, according to which Ukraine has the status of a country whose economy is in the process of transition to a market economy.

Each of the signatory countries undertook to conduct national policies and take appropriate measures to prevent climate change. OECD countries have been given some flexibility in implementing these commitments.

Therefore, energy conservation is seen as a long and planned program of action that is in line with national interests. The main directions of the energy saving policy in Ukraine are:

· technological- introduction of energy metering, regulation and control systems, development of modern devices for power electronics and reactive power compensation, modern systems lighting, methods of utilization of heat flows, the use of renewable energy sources;

· sectoral- covering energy-intensive industries and industries with export potential (ferrous and non-ferrous metallurgy, energy, petrochemical, cement, sugar industry, agro-industrial complex);

· social, communal and household spheres;

· usage industrial waste and secondary energy resources;

Formation of the necessary information and methodological support;

· creation preferential tax and methodological mechanism for producers and consumers of energy efficient technologies;

· Formation normative indicators energy consumption per unit of production, for an increase in which economic, administrative sanctions can be applied;

In the next few years, energy savings in various industries are possible mainly by reducing wasteful use of energy resources. This will be achieved in the following ways:

· control and accounting total energy costs;

· rationing energy consumption per unit of product or service;

· stimulation energy saving mechanisms.

The main ways to save energy

Reduced lighting energy costs industrial and residential premises, streets are produced in the following ways:

· Changing the production schedule to maximize the use of daylight;

· Increasing the area and transparency of windows;

· Increasing the reflectivity of walls and ceilings;

· The ability to regulate the number of used lamps;

· Increasing the luminous flux of lamps by increasing the transparency of the shades, using reflectors, forming a directional flux;

· Use of local lighting;

· Use of economical lamps;

· Use of automatic lighting control devices (motion sensors, light sensors, programmable timers);

Development and installation intelligent systems lighting control.

Reduced heating costs industrial and residential premises are made in the following ways:

· usage modern materials, window structures, doors with low thermal conductivity, in the construction and modernization of buildings;

· Increasing the efficiency of heat sources;

· Optimization of the placement of heat sources, the use of local heating;

· Replacement of electric heating with gas heating or connection to a central heating system (if such a connection is economically justified);

· Reduction of heat losses during heat transportation by using modern heat-insulating materials;

· Optimization of hydraulic regimes of heating networks;

· Use of secondary energy resources;

· Use of internal sources of heat;

· Accounting of the amount of generated and consumed heat.

Reduced cooking energy costs:

· Selection of the optimal power and type of heating devices;

· Increasing the efficiency of heating devices, the use of modern devices;

· Use of temperature control devices, devices for automatic switching on and off, power reduction depending on temperature, programmable timers;

· Use of heat accumulators;

· Use of dishes with a wide and flat bottom.

For household and industrial refrigeration units and air conditioners The main ways to reduce power consumption are:

· Optimal choice of power of the installation;

· Use of modern equipment;

· Optimal placement of the unit (away from heat sources);

· Use of automatic modes of maintaining the set temperature inside the room or refrigerating chamber.

Reduced power consumption household and industrial devices:

· Use of modern devices with reduced power consumption;

· Use of devices with switching power supplies;

· Use of sleeping and standby modes of operation of devices.

Decrease losses for the transportation of electrical energy produced with:

· Increasing the cross-section of wires of cables;

· Use of cables with copper conductors;

· Control over the amount of generated and consumed energy.