One of the mythicized pages of the history of the USSR, which is also perceived, unfortunately, many and now, but which has always been true. In mid-February 1943, after the liberation of Donetsk Krasnodon, by Soviet troops, several dozen corpses of the fascists of adolescents were removed near the city of Mine N5.
The abandoned mines broke up with the life of the majority of members of the underground Komsomol organization "Young Guard", which fought in 1942 against the fascists in the small Ukrainian town of Krasnodone. It turned out to be the first youth underground organization, which was able to collect quite details. The young guards were then called the heroes (they were heroes) who gave their lives for their homeland. A little more than twenty years ago, everyone knew about the "Young Guard".
Alexander Fadeev's elected novel studied in schools; At watching the movie Sergey Gerasimov, people could not hold back tears; The names of the young guards called the boats, streets, hundreds educational institutions and pioneer detachments. What were these young men and girls who called themselves with young guards?
The Krasnodon Komsomolsk-youth underground was seventy one person: forty-seven young men and twenty-four girls. It was the youngest of fourteen years old, and fifty five of them never turned nineteen. The most ordinary, no difference from the same young men and girls of our country, the guys were friends and quarreled, studied and fell in love, ran into dances and drove pigeons. They were engaged in school circles, sports sections, played on string musical instruments, wrote poems, many were well painted.
She studied in different ways - someone was an excellent student, and someone barely defeated the granite of science. There were a lot of thoroughly. Dreamed of a future adult life. We wanted to become pilots, engineers, lawyers, someone was going to enroll in the theater school, and someone in the Pedic Institute.

"Young Guard" was the same multinational as the population of these southern regions of the USSR. Russians, Ukrainians (were among them and Cossacks), Armenians, Belarusians, Jews, Azerbaijan and Moldovan, who are ready to come to the rescue at any moment to help, fought with the fascists.
The Germans occupied Krasnodon on July 20, 1942. And almost immediately the first leaflets appeared in the city, the new sauna was dragged, ready for German barracks. It began to act the earrings of Tyulein. One.
On August 12, 1942 he was seventeen. Sergey leaflets wrote on the pieces of old newspapers, and the police often found them in their pockets. He began to collect weapons, not even doubting that it would be useful. And he first attracted a group of guys ready to fight. At first it was eight people. However, by the first numbers of September in Krasnodon, there were already several groups that are not connected one on the other - in total there were 25 people.
The birthday of the underground Komsomol organization "Young Guard" was September 30: then a plan for the creation of a detachment was adopted, the specific actions of the underground work were applied, headquarters were created. Ivan Zhonnov entered it - chief of staff, Vasily Levashov - commander of the Central Group, Georgy Arutyunz and Sergey Tyulanyn - headquarters.
Commissioner elected Viktor Trejijevich. The guys unanimously supported the proposal of Tyulenina to call the "Young Guard" detachment. And in early October, all disparate underground groups were combined into one organization. Later in the headquarters entered Ulyana Gromov, Lyubov Shevtsov, Oleg Kosheva and Ivan Turkeenich.
Now it is often possible to hear that the young guards did not do anything special. Well, the leaflets were spawned, gathered weapons, burned and infected the grain intended to occupiers. Well, we posted a few flags per day 25th anniversary October revolution, burned out the scope of labor, saved several dozens of prisoners of war. Other underground organizations existed longer, and made more!

And do these mountain critics understand that everything, literally all these boys and girls committed on the verge of life and death. Is it easy to walk down the street, when the warnings are almost on every home and the fence, which is the shooting of the weapon. And on the bottom of the bag, under potatoes, there are two grenades, and it is necessary to go past several dozen police officers with an independent look, and everyone can stop ... By the beginning of December, the young guards already have 15 cars, 80 rifles, 300 grenades, about 15 thousand cartridges, 10 pistols, 65 kilograms of explosives and several hundred meters of bikford cord.
Isn't it scary at night to rush past the German patrol, knowing that for the appearance on the street after the sixtime threatens shooting? But most of the affairs did it at night. At night, they burned the German Birjan - and two and a half thousand Krasnodonians were delivered from the German cattle. On the night of November 7, the young guards hung the red flags - and the next morning, seeing them, people experienced a huge joy: "We remember us about us, we are not forgotten!". At night, they freed the prisoners of war, cut the telephone wires, attacked German cars, beat off the fascists a herd of livestock in 500 goals and dispersed it through the nearest farms and villages.
Even the leaflets were opened mostly at night, although it happened that it was necessary to do it in the afternoon. At first, the leaflets wrote manually, then they began to print them in the organized printing house themselves. In total, the young guards released about 30 separate leaflets with a total circulation of almost five thousand copies - from them Krasnodonans learned the latest summaries of Sovinformbüro.

In December, the first differences appeared in the headquarters, which later became the basis of the legend that still lives and according to which Oleg Kosheva is considered to be the Commissioner of the "Young Guard".
What happened? Koshevaya began to insist that from all underfiders allocated a detachment of 15-20 people who can act separately from the main detachment. Here in him, the commissar was to become a koshelev. The guys did not support this offer. Nevertheless, after the next admission to the Komsomol, the teams of young people took the temporary Komsomol tickets from Vanya Zemnov, as always, Viktor Tretyakhevich, and issued a newly adopted self, subscribing: "Commissioner of the partisan detachment" Hammer "Kashuk".
On January 1, 1943, three young guards were arrested: Yevgeny Moshkov, Viktor Trejijevich and Ivan Zhardov - the fascists got into the very heart of the organization. On the same day, the remaining members of the staff were urgently gathered and decided: to immediately leave the city to all young guards, and the leaders do not spend the night at home this night. On the decision of the headquarters through the connected was notified by all undergrounders. One of them, who consisted in the group of village Pervomayka, - Gennady Povigets, having learned about the arrests, Strestil and wrote a statement to the police on the existence of an underground organization.

The whole apparatus of punishers came in motion. Mass arrests began. But why most of the young guards did not fulfill the order of the headquarters? After all, this is the first disobedience, and consequently, the violation of the oath, almost all of them cost life! Probably, there was a lack of life experience.
The first time the guys did not give up a report in the fact that there was a catastrophe and their leading troika no longer get out of prison. Many could not decide for themselves: whether to leave the city, whether to help whether they arrested or voluntarily divide their fate. They did not understand that the headquarters had already considered all the options and accepted the only true one. But his majority did not fulfill. Almost everyone was afraid for parents.
Only twelve young guards managed to hide in those days. But later, two of them - Sergey Tyulenina and Oleg Koshevoy - nevertheless arrested. Four city police cameras were clogged to failure. All the guys are terribly tortured. The Cabinet of the Chief of the Police of Solikovsky was more like a slaughterhouse - so he was splashing with blood. So that in the yard did not hear the screams of the torture, the monsters started the patefophone and included it on the full volume.
The underground workers were suspended behind the neck to the window frame, imitating the penalty hanging, and behind the legs, to the ceiling hook. And beat, beat, beat with sticks and wires with nuts at the end. The girls were hanging behind braids, and the hair was not kept, broke off. The young guards pushed the door to the door to the door, pounded under the nails shoal needles, put on a hot plate, cut the stars on his chest and back. They broke the bones, knocked out and burned their eyes, cut off their hands and legs ...

The executioners, having learned from Pupilet, that a third-of -yevich is one of the leaders of the "Young Guard", they decided to make him talk at any cost, considering that it would be easier to cope with the rest. He was tortured with special cruelty, he was dismantled until unrecognizable. But Victor was silent. Then, among the arrested and in the city, hearing was dissolved: he gave all a third-haired. But the comrades of Victor did not believe it.
Winter cold night on January 15, 1943, the first group of young guidance, among them there was also a third-hare, they were lucky to the execution to the destroyed mine. When they were put on the edge of Schurf, Victor grabbed the deputy head of the police behind the neck and tried to captivate him with him on a 50-meter depth. The frightened executioner turned away from fear and almost did not resist, and only the hearing gendar who hit the Trecycling gun on his head, saved Politai from death.
On January 16, he shot the second group of underground workers, the 31st - third. One of this group managed to run from the scene. It was Anatoly Kovalev, subsequently missing.
Four remained in prison. They were taken to the city of Rasniki Krasnodonsky district and shot on February 9 together with Oleg Koshev who were there.

The Soviet troops entered Krasnodon on February 14. Day February 17 became mourning, full of crying and due. From the deep, dark shurta baches got the bodies of the tortured boys and girls. It was difficult to know them, some guys identified only by clothes.
On a fraternal grave put a wooden obelisk with the names of the dead and with the words:
And the drop of blood is hot
As sparks, flared in the darkness of life
And a lot of bold hearts will lit!
The names of Viktor Treijevich on Obelisk was not! And his mother, Anna Josephovna, has never rented a black dress, and tried to walk on the grave to walk later so to not meet anyone. She, of course, did not believe in the betrayal of the Son, as most of her countrymen did not believe, but the conclusions of the Commission of the Central Committee of the VLKSM under the leadership of Toricin and later, the wonderful Roman Fadeeyev had an influence on the minds and the hearts of millions of people. It remains only to regret that in compliance with the historical truth, the Roman Fadeeva "Young Guard" was not as wonderful.
The investigating authorities also adopted a version of the betrayal of Tretyakhevich and, even when the subsequently arrested the true traitor was confessed in everything, he did not remove the charge with Victor. And since, according to party leaders, a traitor cannot be a commissioner, then Oleg Koshevoy, whose signature was on December Komsomol tickets, "Commissioner of the partisan detachment" Hammer "Kashuk".
After 16 years, he managed to arrest one of the most ferocious executioners who attempting young guards - Vasily Predymnaya. As a result, he stated: Treijevich slandered, but he, despite the brutal torture and beatings, did not give anyone.
So almost after 17 years, truth has triumphed. By decree of December 13, 1960, the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet Council of the USSR rehabilitated Viktor Treykhenich and awarded him to the Order Patriotic War I degree (posthumously). His name began to include in all official documents along with the names of other heroes of the "Young Guard".

Anna Josephovna, Mom Victor, and not removed mourning black clothes, stood before the Presidium of the Solemn Assembly in Voroshilovgrad, when she was a posthumous son of his son.
The hall overflowed to the failure, standing, applauded it, but it seemed to happen already and did not please. Maybe because the mother always knew: her son - fair man... Anna Iosifovna appealed to the earlier her friend only with one request: not to demonstrate these days in the city of "Young Guard".
So, the stigma of the traitor with Viktor Tretyakhevich was removed, but the title of Hero did not restore him in the rank of commissioner Soviet Unionwho were awarded the rest of the dead members of the headquarters of the "Young Guard", were not honored.
Finishing this small story about the heroic and tragic days of Krasnodonians, I would like to say that the heroism and the tragedy of the "Young Guard" are probably not yet revealed. But this is our story, and we are not entitled to forget her.

Crimea, Feodosia, August 1940. Happy young girls. The most beautiful, with dark braids - Anya Sopov.
On January 31, 1943, after cruel torture, Anya was reset in Schurf mines No. 5. He was buried in the mass grave of heroes on the central square of Krasnodon.
... Now on television there is a "young guard". I remember how we as a child loved this picture! They dreamed of being similar to the brave Krasnodonians ... swore to take revenge on their death. What to say, the tragic and beautiful story of young guards shook the whole world, and not only the rapid children's minds.
The film became the leader of the rental of 1948, and performers of major roles, not well-known students of VGIK, immediately received the title of winners of the Stalinist Prize - the case is exceptional. "Woke up famous" - this is about them.
Ivanov, Mordyukova, Makarova, Gourzo, Shagalov - letters from all over the world came to them with bags.
Gerasimov, of course, regretted the audience. Fadeev - readers.
What really happened that winter in Krasnodone, neither paper nor the film could pass.

Ulyana Gromova, 19 years
".... .N back carved five-pointed star, the right hand is broken, broken ribs "(Archive of the KGB in the Soviet of the USSR).

Lida Androsova, 18 years
"... Required without an eye, ear, hands, with a rope on the neck, which was strongly crashed into the body. The neck is visible baked blood" ("Young Guard Museum", f. 1, d. 16).

Anya Sopov, 18 years old
"She was beaten, hung over the braids ... From Schurf, Any raised with one oblique - the other broke."

Shura Bondareva, 20 years
"... removed without a head and right chest, the whole body is beaten, in bruise, has a black color."

Lyuba Shevtsova, 18 years old (in the photo First on the left in the second row)

Lyuba Shevtsova, 18 years
On February 9, 1943, after a month, torture was shot in a rattling forest near the city along with Oleg Koshev, S.ostapenko, D. Hogursov and V.Subbotin.

Angelina Samoshin, 18 years old.
"In the body of Angelina, traces of torture were found: the hands are out, the ears are cut off, the star is cut on the cheek" (Rgaspi. F. M-1. OP. 53. D. 331)

Shura Dubrovina, 23 years old
"Two images get up to my eyes: Cheerful young Komsomolska Shura Dubrovina and a disheveled body raised from the mine. I saw her corpse only with the bottom jaw. Her girlfriend - Maya Peggivanova lay in the coffin without an eye, without lips, with twisted hands ... "

Maya Peggivanova, 17 years
"The Corpse of Maya is disfigured: sliced \u200b\u200bbreasts, feet married. All overhead clothes are removed." (RGASPI. F. M-1. OP. 53. D. 331) Lailed in the coffin, with twisted hands. "

Tonya Ivanihina, 19 years
"... extracted without an eye, the head is bandaged and the wire, the chest is cut."

Seryozha Tuylanin, 17 years
"On January 27, 1943, Sergey was arrested. Soon the Father was taken away, the mother, confiscated all things. In the police, Sergey was very trying in the presence of a mother, arranged a full-time bid with a member of the" Young Guard "Viktor Lukyancheiko, they did not recognize each other.
On January 31, Sergey was tortured for the last time, and then His, half-dimensional, along with other comrades were lucky to Shurfa Shakhty No. 5 ... "

Funeral Sergey Tyulenina

Nina Mineva, 18 years old
"... my sister was recognized by woolen hammists - the only clothes that remained on her. Nina's hands were broken, one eye knocks out, on the chest the shapeless wounds, the whole body in black stripes ..."

Tosya Eliseenko, 22 years
"Corpse Tosi was disfigured, torturing, she was planted on a hot oven."

Viktor Treykhevich, 18 years
"... Among the latter, Victor Trejakhevich raised. His father, Joseph Kuzmich, in a thin cloth-winged Childish day after day, stood, grabbed for the pillar, did not take his eyes from the shurt. And when they recognized his son, - without a face, with black- The blue back, with fragmented hands, - he, as if militant, fell on the ground. On the body of Victor did not find traces from the bullets - hence, they threw him alive ... "

Oleg Kosheva, 16 years
When arrest began in January 1943, attempted to go through the front line. However, forced to return to the city. Near J.-d. Cortushino stations were captured by the fascists and sent first to the police, and then into the district department of the Gestapo Rovenki. After a terrible torture, together with L.G.Shevtsova, S.M. Sostapenko, D.U.Huritsov, and V.F. Subbotin on February 9, 1943, was shot in the threatery forest near the city.

Boris Grevan, 22 years old
"Schurf was removed from Evgeny whisen barbed with the War face to face, brushes cut off. The face is isozhovannoyed, the belly of the spells."

Evgeny Shepelev, 19 years
"... Evgeny cut off the hand of hands, snatched the belly, broke their head ...." (Rgaspi. F. M-1. OP. 53. D. 331)

Volodya Zhdanov, 17 years
"Removed with a torn wound in the left temporal area, the fingers are reversible and twisted, two strips of three centimeters wide on the back are cut onto the back of the twenty-five centimeters long, painted eyes and cut off the ears" (Museum "Young Guard", f. 1, d . 36)

Klava Kovaleva, 17 years
"... Required swollen, the right chest is cut, the legs feet were burned, the left hand is cut off, the head is knitted, the traces of beatings are visible on the body. Found in ten meters from the trunk, between the trolleys was probably the live" ("Young Guard Museum", f. 1, d. 10)

Evgeny Moshkov, 22 years old (in the photo on the left)
"... a young guidance communist Evgeny Moshkov, choosing a good moment during interrogation, hit a policeman. Then the fascist animals joined Moshkov for his feet and kept in this position until he had blood from her nose. He was filmed and removed They began to interrogate again. But midges only spat on the face of the executioner. The worshiped investigator, who attempting Moshkova, hit him. Unsumed torture, the Hero-Communist fell, hitting the head of the door and died. "

Volodya Osmukhin, 18 years
"When I saw Vukhoy, mutilated, completely almost without a head, without a left hand on the elbow, thought I was crazy. I did not believe that it was he. He was in one sock, and the other leg is completely running. Instead of a belt, a scarf will go Warm. No upper clothes. Removed the beasts hungry.
Head is broken. The population completely fell out, only a person left, on which only Volodya's teeth remained. Everything else is amourized. Peeling lips, the nose is almost at all. My grandmother was woven Vovochka, dressed, decorated with flowers. The coffin knocked a wreath. Let him lies dear calmness. "

Parents of Ulyana Gromova

Last letter of Olya

Funeral of the Young Guard, 1943

In 1993, a press conference was held in Lugansk a special commission for the study of the history of the "Young Guard". As then writing "Izvestia" (05/12/1993), after two years of work, the Commission gave its assessment of the versions, almost half a century excluding the public. The findings of researchers were reduced to several fundamental moments.
In July-August 1942, after the seizure of Lugansk region, many underground youth groups arose in Shakhtar Krasnodone and the villages around His villages. They, according to the memories of contemporaries, were called the "star", "sickle", "hammer", etc. However, no party leadership speaks. In October 1942, Viktor Trekijevich united them into the "Young Guard".
It was he, and not Oleg Kosheva, according to the conclusions of the Commission, became the Commissioner of the underground organization. Participants of the "Young Guard" was hardly twice as much as recognized later by the competent authorities. Fought guys in partisansky, risky, carrying big losses, and this, as was noted at a press conference, ultimately led to the failure of the organization.
"..... Light memory of these girls and boys ... who were stronger in infinity once ... We are all, millions, combined. ..."

"New Gazeta" completes the cycle of publications about the legendary underground organization "Young Guard", which was created exactly 75 years ago. And how people in the Luhansk region live today, where the active phase of the last fighting ended in March not 1943, and 2015, and where there is still a front line. It is also established by Minsk agreements a line of distinction between the Armed Forces of Ukraine and the formations of the self-proclaimed "Lugansk People's Republic" ("LNR").

Having studied the party archives stored in Lugansk, the Special Neck "New" Julia Pochikhana returned to Krasnodon. Relying on the materials of the archives, in previous publications we managed to talk about how the underground Komsomol organization Krasnodon was created in September 1942, the role in its work was the connection with the partisan detachments and the underground committees of Voroshilovograd (so during the war, Lugansk was called) and Rostov On the Don and why the "Young Guard" Commissioner first was Viktor Trekijevich (the prototype of the "traitor" of Sthehevich in the Roman Fadeeva), and then Oleg Kosheva. And both posthumously suffered on ideological reasons. The stigma of the traitor was hung on Trey Tainvich, although even the author of the "Young Guard" said that Stachevich is a collective image. Koshoy, on the contrary, got during the wave of struggle with Soviet mythology: began to talk about him, too, as a collective image that Fadeev "painted" in favor of the party leadership.

Perhaps, neither Krasnodonsky nor Lugansk archives give the opportunity to definitely say who was the leader of the "Young Guard", how much exactly and small feet (or, speaking modern tongue, special operations) in her account, and who of the guys already captured by the police gave confessions under torture.

But the fact is that the "Young Guard" is not a myth. She united the living young people, almost children, the main feat of which, in addition to their will, was a martyrdom.

We will tell about this tragedy in the latest publication of the cycle about Krasnodontsy, based on the memories of their young guards, their descendants, as well as the protocols of interrogation of policemen and gendarmes involved in torture and executions.

The boys play football at the memorial shot of the young guards. Photo: Julia Paulikhina / "New Gazeta"

Genuine, material evidence of what happened in Krasnodone in the first two weeks of 1943, when they were first arrested, and then the young guards and many members of the party underground organization were executed, began to disappear already in the first days after the liberation of the city of the Red Army. The more valuable every unit of scientific funds of the Museum of the "Young Guard". Members of the museum introduce me with them.

"Here we have materials on policemen Melnikov and Podtinov. I remember how they were judged in 1965. The court took place in the DC them. Gorky, microphones were brought to the speakers to the street, it was winter, and the whole city stood and listened. We are reliably and today we cannot say how many of these policemen, one caught in 1959, and the second in 1965, "says the chief keeper of the Foundations love Viktorovna. For her, as for most museum workers, "Young Guard, a very personal story. And this is the main reason that in the summer of 2014, despite the approach of hostilities, they refused to evacuate: "We even started to lay everything on the boxes, which first of all, that in the second to send, but then they made a joint decision that we would not go anywhere . We were not ready in the framework of decommunization to heal on the shelves and inflow dust. Then there was no other law in Ukraine, but there were such conversations. "

Deumbsmanization really laid Krasnodon, which ceased to exist, because in 2015 he was renamed Sorokino. However, in the museum it is not felt in any way, and no one from the locals in the head will not come to call themselves by the Sorokin.

"Look at this photo. On the walls of the cameras, in which the young guards were kept after arrest, the inscriptions are clearly visible, - shows me one of the rarity love Viktorovna. And explains what its value is. - These photos made Leonid Yablonski, the photocurrence of the newspaper of the 51st Army "Son of the Fatherland". He, by the way, was the first to removed not only the story of the young guards, but also the Adzhimushki quarry, and the bagers of the ditch, which was discharged after the mass executions of the body of executed residents of Kerch. And photo S. Yalta conference - Also him too. This, by the way, did not prevent the Yablonskie in 1951 for allegedly disrespectful statements about Stalin, but after the death of the leader, the photographer was released and then rehabilitated. So, according to Yablonsky, when the Red Army officers entered Krasnodon, it was already dark. In the chambers everything was evaporated - and the windowsills, and the walls. Yablonsky made several frames and decided that he would return in the morning. But I came to the morning - there was nothing already nor unified inscription. And who rubbed, not the fascists? That's done local residents, we do not know what the guys wrote there, and which of the local erases all these inscriptions. "

"The children were identified by clothes"

Shurf Shakhty №5 - the fraternal grave of young guards. Photo: RIA Novosti

But it is known that the work on the extraction of bodies executed from Schurta mine No. 5 was initially entrusted to Vasily Gromo, the stepfather of the young guidance of Gennady Pupil. Under the Germans, Gromov was a strangement agent of the police and had a direct attitude at least to the arrest of underground workers. Therefore, it, of course, did not want the bodies with the traces of inhuman torture to be raised to the surface.

This is how this moment is described in the memoirs of Mary Vinzinovskaya, the mother of the deceased Yuri Vinzinovsky:

"He tomil him for a long time. That does not know how to extract, it does not know how to install the winch, it just pulled extraction. Miner parents suggested him what and how to do. Finally, everything was ready. Hearing the voice of Gromov: "Who voluntarily agrees to go down in Badier?" - "I! I!" - I hear. One was my student of the 7th grade of the non-life shura, the other is a working beam.<…> We, parents allowed to take a place in the first row, but at a decent distance. There was absolute silence. Such silence, which heard his own heartbeat was heard. Here is a rift of Badja. Crying shouts: "Girl, girl." It was Tusya Eliseenko. She was discarded one of the first batch. The corpse was put on the stretcher, covered the sheet and carried out to the forechon bath. Along all the walls in the bath, snow was laid out, and the corpses laid on the snow. Badya descends again. This time the guys shouted: "And this is a boy." It was Vasya whips, also shot in the first batch and also hung on a speaker. Third fourth. "And this naked, he probably died there, his hands are folded on his chest." how electricity I went on my body. "My, mine!" - I screamed. Words of consolation were heard from all sides. "Calm down, this is not a yurochka." What, actually, the difference, not the fourth, so the fifth will be Yuri. The third was extracted by Grigoriev Misha, the fourth - Vinzinovsky Yura, Fifth Zagorukhiko V., Lukyanchenko, Sopov and the subsequent Tyulein Sergei.<…> Meanwhile, the evening came, the corpses in the mine no longer had. Thunder, having consulted with the doctor of Reloe Fedorovna Privalova, here present, announced that there will be no more to extract the corpses, since the doctor said that the body was deadly. Here will be brotherly grave. Work on the extraction of corpses was discontinued. At another morning, we again have a shurfe, now it was allowed to go to the bath. Each mother tried to learn her in the corpse, but it was difficult to be given, because The children were completely worn out. For example, I learned my son only by signs for the fifth day. Zagoruka O.P. was sure that the son of Volodya in ropes ( some of the young guards were taken from Krasnodon to the Gestapo, they were executed already in Rovenki. — Yu. P.) Transferd to it there, went calmly around the corpses. Suddenly a terrible cry, fainting. The fifth corpse on the pants she saw a familiar boold, it was Volodya. Despite the fact that parents identified their children, but went to Shurf during the day several times. I went and me. Once in the evening, and my sister and I went to Shurf. Missed out that there was some kind of man over the abyss of the shurf.<…> It was Androsov, the father of the Androsova Lida. "Well, you, found the corpse of your son, and I will not find a daughter's corpse. The body poison is deadly. Let I die of my daughter's corpse from the poison, but I have to get it. Think, the tricky thing is to lead the extraction. Twenty years I work in the mine, the experience is big, there is nothing cunning. I will go to the Golong Party, I will ask for permission to manage the extraction. " And the next day, having received permission, Androsov began to work. "

But the fragment of the memories of Makara Androsov himself. He is a worker, Shakhtar, and the most terrible moments of their life describes everyday how to work:

"Medical expertise arrived. Doctors said that the bodies can be removed, but need special rubber clothing. Many parents of young guards knew me as a personnel miner, so insisted that I was appointed responsible for rescue work.<…> Residents voluntarily walked. The corpses removed mining and rescue workers. Once I tried to pass with them to the end, deep into the shurt, but I could not. From the mine came a suffocating body smell. Rescuers told that the shaft barrel was littered with stones and trolleys. Two corpses were placed in the box. After each extraction, the parents rushed to the box, cried, shouted. Bodies were in a mine bath. The cement floor of the bath was faced with snow, and the bodies were put straight to the floor. The Churf was on duty at the doctor and led to the senses of parents who lost consciousness. The corpses were disfigured until unrecognizable. Many parents recognized children only by clothing. There was no water in the mine. The body has been saved, but began to "lose". Many bodies have taken out without hands and legs. Rescue work performed 8 days. Daughter Lida extracted from the shurt on the third day. I learned her by clothes and on the green beams who sewed a neighbor. In these burks, she was arrested. On the neck of Lida was the twine. They shot, probably, in the forehead, because there was a big wound on the back of the head, but on the forehead less. There was no one hand, legs, eyes. The cloth skirt was broken and held only on the belt, the jumper is also broken. When the Lida's body got out, I fainted. A.A. Startseva said that he learned Lida even to face. The face was smile. Neighbor (attended when removing the corpses) says that the whole body of the Lida was bloody. A total of 71 corpses got out of the shurt. Coffins did from old boards of disassembled houses. On September 27 or 28, we brought your children from Krasnos to the village. The coffins were set at the point in one row. The coffin of Lida and Kolya Sumy put in the grave nearby. "

Tyulenin and its five

Sergey Tyulenin

When you read these "patients", although after the years recorded memories of parents, you understand what exactly eliminates in disputes about historical truth In the history of the "Young Guard". The fact that these were children. They got involved in a large adult nightmare and, although they perceived him with absolute, even deliberate seriousness, he was also perceived as a kind of game. And who will believe in the close tragic final at the same age?

Most of the parents of young guidance and did not guess what they are doing with friends in the city occupied by the Germans. This was also facilitated by the principle of conspiracy: the young guards, as you know, were broken down on the five, and ordinary underground workers knew only members of their group. Most often in the five came the young men and girls who were friends or simply were well acquainted with each other before the war. The first group, which later became the most active five, formed around Sergey Tuelanina. It is possible to argue to infinity, who in the "Young Guard" was a commissioner and who was commander, but I had confidence: the leader without which there would be no legend, which is just Tyulein.

In the archive of the "Young Guard" museum lies his biography:

"Sergey Gavrilovich Tyulenyn was born on August 25, 1925 in the village of Kiselevo of the Novosilsk district of the Oryol region in the family of the worker. In 1926, his whole family moves to live in the city of Krasnodon, where he grew up. The family had 10 children. Sergey, the youngest, enjoyed the love and care of older sisters. He grew up a very alive, movable, cheerful boy, whom everything was interested in.<…> Seryozha was sociable, whined around himself all his comrades, loved excursions, hiking, and especially loved military games. His dream was to become a pilot. After graduating from seven classes, Sergey is trying to enter the flight school. As of health, it was recognized by quite suitable, but not credited by age. I had to go to school again: in the eighth grade.<….> The war begins, and Tyulenin voluntarily goes into the labor army - for the construction of defensive structures.<…> At this time, at the direction of the Bolshevik underground, a Komsomol organization is created. At the suggestion of Sergey Tyulenina, she was named "Young Guard" ...

Tuylanin was one of the members of the "Young Guard" headquarters, took part in most combat operations: in the spread of leaflets, in arson screens of bread, collecting weapons.

Named on November 7. Sergey's group got a task to hoisting the flag at school number 4. ( in this school studied Tyuleinen, Dadyshev, Treijevich, Yurkin, Shevtsov. -Yu. P.). This is what Radii Yurkin recalls, a 14-year participant of the operation:

"In the long-awaited night on the eve of the holiday, we went to perform the task.<…> Seryozha Tyulenin was the first to rose along the creaky ladder. Behind him with grenades we are ready. We looked around and immediately began to work. Step Safonov and Seryozha on the fasteners on the wire climbed the roof. Lenya Dadyshev became the auditory window, peering and listening if anyone did not fit to us. I attached a banner to the tube towel. All is ready. "Senior Maine" Step Safonov, as we then called him, said that mines are ready.<…> Our banner is proudly in the air, and at the bottom in the attic there are anti-tank mines attached to the banner of the banner.<…> Many people gathered in the morning near the school. The swamped police rushed to the attic. But now they returned back back, mumbling something about mines. "

This is how the second loud and successful campaign of the "Young Guard" looks like in the memoirs of Yurkin: arson of labor exchange, which has allowed to avoid sending to forced work to Germany two and a half thousand Krasnodones, including many "young guards", on the eve of the agendas.

"On the night of 5 to 6 December, Sergey, Lyuba Shevtsova, Viktor Lukyanchenko suffered unnoticed to the attic of the exchange, scattered in advance the incendiary cartridges and set fire to the stock exchange."

And then the boat was Tyulein.

One of the closest friends of Sergey was Leonid Dadyshev. Leonid's father, Azerbaijanis of Iranian origin, came to Russia to find his brother, but then married Belorusk. They moved to Krasnodon in 1940. Nadezhda Dadysheva, the younger sister of Leonid Dadyshev, so described these months in his memories:

"Together with his brother, Sergey Tyulenin studied, and we lived next door to him. Obviously, this was the impetus to their future friendship, which was no longer interrupted to the end of his short, but bright life.<…> Loved Lena music. He had a mandal, and he could sit for hours and fulfill the Russian and Ukrainian folk melodies on it. Favorite were songs about the heroes of the civil war. There were abilities and in the field of drawing. The favorite theme of his drawings was the War ships (destroyers, battleships), cavalry in battle, portraits of the commander. (During the search, with the arrest of Brother, the police took a lot of his drawings.)<…> One day, my brother asked to speck the pyshek home. He knew that through our city would be a column of prisoners of the Cross-Armenians, and wrapped in the nodule Pyshki, went with his comrades to the main road. On another day, his comrades were told that Lenya threw a nodule with the products in the crowd of prisoners of war, and also threw his winter hat, and he walked in a cap in the firing. "

The final of the memories of Hope Dadysheva returns us to Shakhty number 5.

"On February 14, the city of Krasnodon was freed by the units of the Red Army. On the same day, my mother and I went to the police building, where they saw a nightmarish picture. In the courtyard of the police, we saw the mountain of corpses. These were shot prisoners of war of redarmeys, filled with from above straw. With my mother I went to the room of the former police: all the doors were indishes open, broken chairs were lying on the floor, broken dishes. And on the walls of all cameras were written arbitrary words and poems of the dead. In one camera, the whole wall was written in large letters: "Death of German invaders!" On the same door was scarcely with something metallic: "Dadash Lenya was sitting here!" Mom cried greatly, I was worthy of great effort to take her home. Just a day later, the corpses of the dead young guards were removed from the trunk of Mine No. 5. The corpses were disfigured, but each mother recognized her son and daughter, and with each climb of the winch to the top for a long time heard soul-exciting cries and crying exhausted mothers.<…> Since then, more than forty years have passed, but it is always painful and anxious to remember those tragic events. I can't hear words from the song "Orlenok": I don't want to think about death, believe me, in 16 boyish years, "my brother died at 16 years old."

Dadyshev's mother died soon, she could not survive the death of his son. From Schurf Leonid got all the blue, because she was sequel, with a severed right brush hand. Before resetting to Schurf, he was shot.

And the sister Dadysheva hope is still alive. True, I could not talk to her, because due to the difficult state of health last years She spends his life in the Krasnodon hospice.

Politsa and traitors

Gennady Povigets

The Museum Science Foundation has not only memories of heroes and victims, but also materials about traitors and executioners. Here are the excerpts of interrogations of the investigative case No. 147721 from the archive of the bundle-GPU-NKVD. It was investigated against the police investigator Mikhail Kuleshov, Agent Vasily Gromova and his stepmaking Gennady Pokiversity - a 19-year-old young guards, who, frightened arrests, wrote a statement on the advice of his comrades.

From the interrogation protocol, Vasily Grigorievich dated June 10, 1943. "... When at the end of December 1942, youth robbed a German car with gifts, I asked my son: Isn't it involved in this robbery and did he receive a share of these gifts? He denied. However, when I came home, I saw that someone was at home from outside. But since the words of his wife found out that Gennady comrades came and naked. Then I asked my son, whether there are no participants in the underground youth organization arrested for theft. The son replied that really some of the participants in the organization were arrested for theft of German gifts. In order to save the life of the Son, as well as that no wine fell on me for belonging to the organization of my son, I suggested that I will immediately write a statement to the police that he wants to issue the participants of the youth underground organization. The son promised to fulfill my offer. When I soon asked him about it, he said that the statement to the police had already written what he wrote, I did not ask. "

The investigation of Krasnodonians in the police was headed by the senior investigator Mikhail Kuleshov. According to the documents of the archives, he worked as a lawyer before the war, but the career did not develop, he was judged and distinguished by systematic boosters. Before the war, he often received a reprimand from Mikhail Tretybyevich, the older brother of the Young Guard Tretyl, who was exposed by a traitor, who was exposed by the traitor subsequently, for "domestic decomposition." And Kuleshov experienced personal hostility to him, which subsequently reacted on Victor Trecyc.

Politsa Solikovsky (left), Kuleshov (on the central photo it is standing on the right) and Melnikov (on the extreme on the right photo in the foreground).

The latter became known about the "betrayal" of the latter only with the words of Kuleshov, who passed the NKVD. Viktor Trekijevich became the only young guards, whose name was crossed out of the award lists, worse, on the basis of Kuleshov's testimony, the conclusions of the Toritsyn Commission were formed, according to the materials of which he wrote his Roman Fadeev.

From the interrogation protocol of the former investigator Kuleshov Ivan Emelyanovich dated May 28, 1943 .

"... The police had such an order that before all the arrested led to Solikovsky, he led him" consciousness "and ordered the investigator to interrogate, draw up a protocol that should be conveyed to him, i.e. Solikovsky, for viewing. When Davidenko brought the Superpole in the Cabinet of Solikovsky, and before this, Solikovsky took out a statement from his pocket, asked if he wrote him. The pumaders replied affirmatively, after which Solikovsky again hid this application in his pocket.<…> The pumaders said that he really consists of a member of the underground youth organization that exists in Krasnodone and its surroundings. He called the leaders of this organization, or rather, the city staff. Namely: Trecyc, Levashova, Zemnavova, Safonova, Koshevoy. Solikovsky recorded himself named participants in the organization, convened police and Zakharov and began to produce arrests. He ordered me to pick up the passpoint and interrogate him and submit to him the interrogation protocols. At the interrogation, I had an alleviate that I had a weapon at the disposal<…>. After that, 30-40 people of the participants of the underground youth organization were arrested. I personally interrogated a person 12, including the Pupilet, Treykhevich, Levashova, Savnakhova, Kulikova, Petrova, Vasily Pie, etc. "

From the interrogation protocol Gennady Prokofievich from April 8, 1943 and from June 2, 1943.

"... December 28, 1942 to the house of Moshkov (he lived next to me) arrived at Sanya, the head of the Solikovsky police, his deputy Zakharov, Germans and policemen. They made a search on Moshkov's apartment, found some kind of bag, put it in Sanki, planted Moshkov and left. I and my mother saw it all. Mother asked, not from our organization midges. I said that there is no, because I did not know about the membership of Moshkov to the organization. After some time, Fomin came to me. He said that on behalf of Popov went to the center to learn about whom the guys were arrested. He told that a third-haired, earthlov and levashov were arrested. We started discussing what we should do where to run with whom to consult, but did not accept any decision. After the departure of Fomin, I thought about my position and, not finding another decision, showed a cowardice and decided to write a statement to the police that I know the underground youth organization.<…> Before you write a statement, I myself also went to the club named after Gorky, looked at what was being done there. Having come there, I saw Zakharov and Germans. They were looking for something in the club. Then Zakharov approached me and asked if I knew Tyulyna, while he looked into some kind of list in which there were still a number of surnames. I said that Tyulenina does not know. He left home and at home decided to issue participants in the organization. I believed that the police already know everything ... "

But in fact, it was the "letter" of the Superpole played a key role. Because the guys were originally taken as vorays, and there was no evidence against them. After a few days of interrogations, the police chief ordered: "Spit thieves and expel in the neck." At this time, the police and came caused by Solikovsky pupils. He pointed out those whom he knew, primarily from the village of Pervomayka, in the group of which was the poles. From January 4 to January 5, arrest began in Pervomayka. On the existence of underground communists, Lutikov, Barackov, and other thankspeople simply did not know. But for the mechanical workshops, where their cell acted, the agents of the zone were monitored ( deputy head of the Krasnodon gendarmerie. — Yu. P.). The prisons showed the lists of arrested underground workers, where only children were 16-17 years old, and then the zones ordered to arrest Lutikov and another 20 people who had long and tightly followed his agents. So in the chambers turned out to be more than 50 people who have one or another attitude to the "Young Guard" and underground communists.

The testimony of police officer Alexander Davydenko. "In January I went to the office of the police secretary, it seems to receive a salary, and through the open door I saw in the office of the police chief of the Solikovsky arrested members of the Young Guard, Moshkov, Gukhov (inaudible). Interrogated the Solikovsky police officer who was there, his deputy Zakharov, the translator of Burhard, the German, the last name I do not know, and two policemen - Guhalov and bad. Interrogated young guards about how and under what circumstances they kidnapped gifts from cars, the purpose for german soldiers. During this interrogation, I also went to the Cabinet of Solikovsky and saw the entire process of the specified interrogation. During the interrogation, Treijevich, Moshkov and Hukhov, they were beaten and torture. They were not only beaten, but they were suspended on the rope to the ceiling, stageing a hanging execution. When the young guards began to lose consciousness, they were filmed and poured on the floor, leading to the feeling. " Viktor Trekijevich

Victor Trejijevich with special addiction interrogated Mikhail Kuleshov.

On August 18, 1943, in open court hearing in the city of Krasnodon, the military tribunal of the Troops of the NKVD of the Voroshilovograd region sentenced Kuleshov, Gromov and Supigets to the highest punishment. The next day, the verdict was carried out. They were shot publicly in the presence of five thousand people. Mother Superpiemova Maria Gromova, as a member of the family of the Motherland, was exiled to the Kostanai region of the Kazakh SSR for a period of five years with complete confiscation of property. Its further fate is unknown, but 1991 the action of Art was spread to Maria Gromov. 1 of the Law of the Ukrainian SSR "On the rehabilitation of victims political repression in Ukraine". Due to the lack of a set of evidence confirming the reasonableness of attracting responsibility, it was rehabilitated.

Malzia Solikovsky managed to escape, did not find it. Although he was the main among the immediate executors of the executive of young guidance in Krasnodone.

From the interrogation protocol of Gendarme Walter Aikhgorn dated November 20, 1948 "Under the power of torture and bullying from the arrested, testimony was obtained about their involvement in the underground Komsomol organization operating in the mountains. Krasnodone. About these arrests Maister Shen ( head of the gendarme post of Crancodon. — Yu. P.) Reported by the command to his boss in Vennard. Later, an order was received about the execution of young people.<…> To our yard began to withdraw on one arrested, prepared for sending to the execution, except for us, gendarmes, there were five policemen. One car was accompanied by the commandant of Sanders, and with him there was an area in the cockpit ( deputy Schena. — Yu. P.), I stood on the footboard of the car. The second car was accompanied by Solikovsky, and there was the head of the criminal police Kuleshov.<…> Meters in ten from the mine machine stopped and were held by gendarmes and policemen who accompanied to the place of execution<…>. I personally was close to the place of execution and saw one of the police officers who took the arrested out of cars, undressed and led to Solikovsky, who had a shaft, the corpses dropped them into the shurta ... "

Initially, the Chief Guardian police was led by the Krasnodonian police, because they were accused of a banal criminal crime. But when the explicit political component was fired, the gendarmerie of the city of Rovenki was connected to the case. Some of the young guards were taken there, because the Red Army had already been taken to Krasnodon. Oleg Koshevoy managed to run, but in Rovenki he was arrested.

Oleg Kosheva

Later, it created the soil for speculation that the cat allegedly was an agent of the Gestapo (according to another version - a member of the OUN-UPA, an organization prohibited in Russia), and for this reason was not shot, and left the Germans in Rovenki and then disappeared, starting new life on plaid documents.

Similar stories are known, for example, if you recall the Krasnodonian executioners, it was not possible to hide not only to Solikovsky, but also politayam Vasily Predyne and Ivan Melnikov. Melnikov, by the way, had a direct relationship not only to the torture of young guards, but also to the executions of miners and communists, alive in the Krasnodon City Park in September 1942. After the retreat from Krasnodon, he fought as part of the Wehrmacht, was captive in Moldova, in 1944 he was already intended to be in the Red Army. He fought adequately, was awarded medals, but in 1965 he was exposed as a former policeman and later shot.

The fate of the Predynoye, the fate of the Predynaya and the fate of the Predynoye: He was tried many years after a crime committed, but in Krasnodone, publicly. By the way, during the court and the investigation, the subtraul showed that Viktor Trekijevich was not a traitor and that the investigator Kuleshov stated him based on personal revenge. After that, the Tretyvich was rehabilitated (but Stakhevich in the Fadeeyev novel remained a traitor).

However, all these analogies are uncompressed. In the archives there are protocols of interrogations of immediate participants and eyewitnesses of his execution in ropes.

From the Interrogation Protocol Ivan Orlova, the Rovenkov Police officer:

"I first learned about the existence of the" Young Guard "at the end of January 1943 from Oleg Koshevoy, arrested in Rovenki Komsomol. Then I told me about this organization in the beginning of 1943 in Rovenki Art. Investigators of the Krasnodonian Police of Usachev and Didik, who took part in the investigation of the "Young Guard" case.<…> I remember that I was interested in Usacheva, was not held in the case of the "Young Guard" Oleg Koshevoy. Usachev said that Kosheva was one of the leaders of the underground organization, but he disappeared from Krasnon, and he could not find it. In this regard, I told Usachev that the cat was arrested in Rovenki and shot gendarmerie. "

From the interrogation protocol of Otto-August, the Trees, the gendarmerie officer Rovenkov :

Question: You show the diaposition with the image of the head of the illegal Komsomol organization "Young Guard" of Oleg Koshevoy. Isn't it a young man you shot? Answer: Yes, this is the youngest man. I shot a cat in a city park in Rovenki. Question: Tell us, under what circumstances you shot Oleg Koshevoy. Answer: At the end of January 1943, I received an order from the Deputy Commander of the Edromma Gendarmerie division to prepare for the execution of the arrested Soviet citizens. In the yard, I saw the police who guarded the nine arrested, among which was also the identified Oleg Koshevoy. We were told by the orders of Frox sentenced to death to the place of execution in the city park in Rovenki. We put prisoners on the edge dug in advance in the park of a large pit and shot everyone by order of frome. Then I noticed that the cat was still alive, it was only injured, I approached him closer and fired him right. When I shot a cat, I returned with other gendarmes who participated in the execution back to the barracks. Several policemen sent to the place of execution, so that they cut the corpses. " Protocol interrogation of gendarme from ropes of ancient man, who shot Oleg Koshevoy

It turns out that Oleg Kosheva died the last of the young guards, and there were no traitors, except for the overterage, among them.

The history of life and death of young guards immediately began to figure out myths: first by Soviet, and then anti-Soviet. And much more about them is unknown - not all archives are in the open access. Only, whatever it was, for modern Krasnodones, the story of the "Young Guard" is very personal, regardless of what is called the country in which they live.

Krasnodon

document. 18+ (Torture description)

Help on the atrocities of the German-fascist invaders, about the injuries caused by the Underfooters of Krasnonon as a result of interrogations and executions at Shurfa Mine No. 5 and in the rattling forest of Rovenki. January-February 1943. (Archive of the "Young Guard Museum".)

The certificate was drawn up on the basis of an act of investigating the atrocities committed by Nazis in the Krasnodonsky district, of September 12, 1946, on the basis of the archival documents of the Museum "Young Guard" and documents of the Voroshilovograd UkGB.

1. Barakov Nikolai Petrovich, born in 1905. During interrogations, the skull is broken, the tongue is cut off, the teeth, the teeth and the left eye are cut down, the right hand is cut down, both legs are interrupted, the heels are cut off.

2. Exhibition Daniel Sergeevich, born in 1902, traces of tough torture were found on the body.

3. Vinokurov Gerasim Tikhonovich, 1887 born. Extract with a dilated skull, broken face, fragmented hand.

4. Lutikov Filipp Petrovich, 1891 born. Schurf was dropped alive. The cervical vertebrae is broken, sliced \u200b\u200bthe nose, ears, on the chest were wounds with eroded edges.

5. Sokolova Galina Grigorievna, 1900 of birth. Extracted among the latter with a dilated head. The body in bruises, on the chest of a knife wound.

6. Yakovlev Stepan Georgievich, 1898 born. Extraked with a dilated head, excised back.

7. Androsova Lydia Makarovna, 1924 born. Required without eyes, ear, hands, with a rope on the neck, which hit the body strongly, the baked blood is visible on the neck.

8. Bondareva Alexander Ivanovna, born in 1922. Extract without head, right chest. The whole body is beaten, in bruise, has a black color.

9. Vinzinovsky Yuri Semenovich, 1924 birth. Extracted with swelling face without clothes. It was not on the body of the Russian Academy of Sciences. Obviously, it was rebelled alive.

10. Gloor Boris Grigorievich, born in 1920. Extracted from the shurt is strongly worn.

11. Gerasimova Nina Nikolaevna, 1924 birth. The head was removed, the head, the nose is chopped, the left hand is interrupted, the body is beaten.

12. Grigoriev Mikhail Nikolaevich, 1924 born. In the temple extracted on the temple there was a ribbon wound, resembling a five-pointed star. The legs are excised, in the scars and bruises: the whole body was black, the face was embedded, the teeth are knocked out.

Ulyana Gromova

13. Gromova Ulyana Matveevna, 1924 birth. On her back, a five-pointed star was carved, the right hand is reversed, a variety of ribs.

14. Gukov Vasily Safonovich, born in 1921. Beaten beyond recognition.

15. Dubrovina Alexander Emelyanovna, born in 1919. Removed without a skull, on the back of the wound wounds, the hand is reversed, the leg is stolen.

16. Dyachenko Antonina Nikolaevna, 1924 born. There was an open fracture of the skull with a patchwork wound, on the body, severe bruises, oblong abrasions and wounds that resemble the prints of narrow, solid items, apparently, from shocks with a telephone cable.

17. Eliseenko Antonina Zakharovna, born in 1921. In the body extracted on the body there were traces of burns and beatings, the temple was a trail of a firearm.

18. Zhdanov Vladimir Alexandrovich, born in 1925. Removed with a ribbon wound in the left temporal area. Finger fingers, because of which curved, under the nails of bruising. On the back there are two strips of 3 cm wide., 25 cm long. Eye pumping, ears are cut off.

19. Zhukov Nikolai Dmitrievich, born in 1922. Removed without ears, tongue, teeth. Cut the hand and feet of the leg.

20. Zagoruiko Vladimir Mikhailovich, born in 1927. Removed without hair, with severed hand.

21. Zhonovkhov Ivan Aleksandrovich, born in 1923. Extracted beheaded, beaten. The whole body is swollen. The feet of the left leg and left hand (in the elbow) are twisted.

22. Ivanikhina Antonina Aksandrovna, born in 1925. The extracted eye was in pain, the head is tied with a handkerchief and wire, the chest was cut out.

23. Ivanikhina Liliya Aleksandrovna, born in 1925. Removed without a head, the left hand is cut down.

24. Kesikov Nina Georgievna, born in 1925. Extracted with the knee-torn leg, hands are unscrewed. Pole wounds on the body was not obvious, was dropped alive.

25. Kiykova Evgenia Ivanovna, 1924 birth. Removed without the right foot and brush right hand.

26. Kovaleva Claudius Petrovna, born in 1925. Extracts swollen, the right chest is cut off, the legs feet were burned, the left chest is cut off, the head is knitted, the traces of beatings are visible on the body. Found 10 meters from the trunk, between the trolleys. Probably dropped alive.

27. Kosheva Oleg Vasilyevich, 1924 born. The body was traces of inhuman torture: there was no eye, the wound was in the cheek, knocking out the head, the hair on the temples is gray.

28. Levashov Sergey Mikhailovich, 1924 born. The ray bone of the left hand has been interrupted. During the fall, dislocations were formed in the hip joints and reversed both legs. One in the femur, and the other in the knee area. The skin on the right leg is all sodran. Pole wounds are not found. Was rebelled alive. Found far away from the place of fall with the full mouth of the Earth.

29. Lukashov Gennady Alexandrovich, 1924 birth. Extracted did not have a foot feet, the traces of the beating of the Iron Prut were visible on the hands, the face is worn out.

30. Lukyanchenko Viktor Dmitrievich, born in 1927. Removed without hand, eyes, nose.

31. Minaeva Nina Petrovna, 1924 birth. Extract with broken hands, knocked out, on the chest was cut something shapeless. The whole body is covered with dark blue stripes.

32. Moshkov Evgeny Yakovlevich, born in 1920. During interrogations, his legs and hands were crammed. Body and face of Isyin-black from beatings.

33. Nikolaev Anatoly Georgievich, born in 1922. At the extracted, the whole body is excised, carved tongue.

34. Cucumbers Dmitry Uvarovich, born in 1922. In Rovenikovskaya prison was subjected to inhuman torture.

35. Ostapenko Semen Makarovich, born in 1927. The body of Ostapenko wore traces of cruel torture. The shock was dried by a skull.

36. Osmukhin Vladimir Andreevich, born in 1925. During interrogations, a brush of the right hand is cut down, the right eye, on the legs of the burns, fragmented back of the skull.

37. Orlov Anatoly Alekseevich, born in 1925. He was shot in the face of the discontinuous bullet. Fragmented all the head. Blood is visible on the foot, removed ground.

38. Peggivanova Maya Konstantinovna, 1925 year of birth. In Shurf was dropped alive. Removed without an eye, lips, legs are crashed, torn wounds are visible on the leg.

39. Loop Nadezhda Stepanovna, 1924 birth. The left hand and legs are crammed, chest burned. On the body of bullet wounds was not, dropped alive.

40. Petrachkova Nadezhda Nikitichna, 1924 birth. The body extracted was traces of inhuman torture, extracted without hand.

41. Petrov Viktor Vladimirovich, born in 1925. A knife wound was applied to the chest, the fingers of the hands in the joints were broken, the ears are cut off, the tongue, the feet are burned.

42. Pupbug Vasily Makarovich, born in 1925. Extract from the shurph beaten. Body in bruise.

43. Polyansky Yuriy Fedorovich-1924 year. Removed without left hand and nose.

44. Popov Anatoly Vladimirovich, 1924 birth. The fingers of the left hand were disturbed, the feet of the left leg is cut down.

45. Rogozin Vladimir Pavlovich, 1924 birth. Extraked spine, hands, knocked out teeth, paint eye.

46. \u200b\u200bSamolinov Angelina Tikhonovna, 1924 birth. During interrogations, the spin was excised. Stretched right leg in two places.

47. Sopov Anna Dmitrievna, 1924 birthday. Blood seats were found on the body, the braid is broken.

48. Startseva Nina Illarionna, 1925 year of birth. Extract with a broken nose, broken legs.

49. Subbotin Viktor Petrovich, 1924 born. Were visible on the face, finally turned out.

50. Sumy Nikolai Stepanovich, 1924 birth. The eyes were tied, on the forehead trace of a firearm, on the body traces of the breakdown, on the fingers are visible traces of injections under the nails, the left hand is interrupted, pounding the nose, there was no left eye.

51. Trekijevich Viktor Iosifovich, 1924 birth. The hair was doried, the left hand turned out, the lips are cut off, the leg is torn off along with steam.

52. Tyulein Sergey Gavrilovich, 1924 birth. In the chamber, the police were tortured in front of the mother, Alexandra Tuylanina, he received when torture through a gunshot wound on his left hand, which was migrated to the hot rod, put the fingers of the hands under the door and clapped the fingers of the arms of the hands, the needles were driven under the nails, hanging on the ropes. When removing the shurt was the lower jaw and nose are shot down on the side. Spine interrupts.

53. Fomin Demente Yakovlevich, born in 1925. Extract from the shurph with a broken head.

54. Shevtsova Love Grigorievna, 1924 born. On the body cut out several stars. Shot of a discontinuous bullet in the face.

55. Shepelev Evgeny Nikiforovich, 1924 birth. Schurf removed with Boris with Galawan barbed to face to face, hand brushed. The face is worn, the belly of the spells.

56. Shyschenko Alexander Tarasovich, born in 1925. The head was damaged by the head, on the body of knife wounds, ears, nose and upper lip. Left hand was interrupted in shoulder, elbow and brushes.

57. Scherbakov Georgy Kuzmich, born in 1925. The face of the extracted was in bruise, broken the spine, as a result of which the body was removed in parts.

February 14, 1943, developing a successful offensive in the territory of the Voroshilovgrad region, Soviet troops freed from the German occupants of the city of Voroshilovgrad (Lugansk) and Krasnodon. Unfortunately, the overwhelming majority of young anti-fascist heroes from the "Young Guard" by this time were already mastered by the invaders. But a few people of young guidance were still able to survive and participate in the liberation of the hometown. The more interesting to know how their fate arose after the heroic epic of the "Young Guard" ended.

Owah Ivan Turkeenich on the grave of young guards.

Let's start with Ivan Turkenych. Not only because he was a commander of the organization, but also because he is the only one of the survivors, who already at the time of joining the organization had an officer rank. It is logical to assume that after the liberation of Krasnonon, Turkenych will join the regular parts of the Red Army and will continue the war on the front.

Actually, it turned out. In Krasnodon, the former commander of the "Young Guard", one of the few, who after the self-segment of the organization managed to go to the front line and join her, returned to the commander of the mortar battery of the 163rd Guards rifle regiment. But before going to fight on, Ivan Turkenych was to give the duty of the memory of the fallen comrades. He took part in the reburial of the remains of young guards. And over the grave, his solemn words sounded (it felt that a young officer spoke through tears):"Farewell, friends! Farewell, Kashuk Favorite! Goodbye, Lyuba! Ulyasha cute, goodbye! Do you hear me, Sergey Tyulenin, and you, Vanya Zimnohukhov? Do you hear me, my friends? Alternative, I wished you so much! We will not forget you. While seeing my eyes while he fights his heart in my chest, I swear to revenge for you to last sigh, Up to the last drop of blood! Your names will be honored and always remember our great country! "

Ivan Turkeenich after the "Young Guard"

Ivan Turkenyich passed all Ukraine with battles, and then Poland was lying before him. It was on the Polish land that he had to make his last feat and perish, on the covenant of Polish patriots, "for our and your freedom."

Turkenych did not like to tell a lot about himself. Before entering the light of Roman Fadeeva, his fellow soldiers did not guessed that their comrade is the "Young Guard" commander. But remember that he was in his regiment was a real leader of young people. A modest and charming, who knows the poetry, an interesting interlocutor, at all no worried in the war, involuntarily attracted attention. However, he conquered and others - his unchanged courage. In the Radomyshal district, he had to be alone (the gun calculation died) to reflect the offensive of five German tanks "Tiger", which were advised to the Russian infantry, which was ordered to cover Turkenych's artilleryrs. Without sustaining the Making Fire of the Soviet Artillery, German tanks turned back. Probably the enemies did not know that one person was bought off their offensive.

Or here is another episode of his combat biography: "Once before the assault of the enemy reference point, the Division commander, Major Sarayev, put the task to intelligence, in order to seize the" language ". Together with the scouts, Ivan Turkeenich went to the enemy rear. When the group returned to the" language "to the front edge, She was discovered by the enemy's watch. In a shootout, the intelligence commander was seriously injured. The command took over Turkeenich. He brought the fighters and the wounded commander to the division Front section. "Language" has given valuable readings. " It was during the battle under Lviv.

The death of Nastagal Turkenych in the position of assistant chief of politicalotel 99th rifle Division. As the colleagues remember, Ivan Vasilyevich (and at that time it could already be called only so) it was impossible to catch in the political fellow - he was always on the front line, next to the fighters. In battle under the Polish town of Glogow (now - the city in the Lower Silesian Voivodeship), where fierce battles broke out, Turkenyich in the middle of the company of soldiers. Remembers veteran of war M. Koltsin: "On the way of the coming fascists created a powerful fire barrier. Continuously brawed artillery and mortars. I.Trakenich turned to the soldiers: "Comrades! We must break out from under the shelling. Forward, friends, for me!"

The voice of this man was well a sign of soldiers, and his figure is quite noticeable. Although recently he is in the division, and already have time to look at him. More than once seen it in the hottest bindings and fell in love with the combat Komsomol leader for courage, for courage.

Raised chain, machine gunners and car gunners uncontrollably rushed after the senior lieutenant, overtaking each other"(End of quotes).German infantry did not stand the attack, backed up. But on the coming again the German mortars opened fire. The redarmeys who were passionate about the fight did not even notice how Ivan Vasilyevich disappeared from their rows. Heavyly wounded, he was picked up after the fight, and the next day he died. It was 13 August 1944.

Glogwa residents met the liberators with flowers. The whole city gathered on the funeral of Turkenych. Old Poles cried when the Red Army fellow solemn salute was accompanied on the last path of the former underground "Young Guard", which was almost 24 years old. For his feat, Ivan Turkenyich received the Order of the Patriotic War of the 1st degree. And in 1990, the "Young Guard" commander was posthumously awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union.

I went to the army and another surviving member of the headquarters of the "Young Guard" - Vasily Levashov. In September 1943, he briefed as a ordinary fighter, participated in the forcing of Dnieper, in the liberation of Kherson, Nikolaev, Odessa. The command noted a brave soldier and in April 1944, Red Armenian Vasily Levashov went on officer courses.

Vasily Levashov

Vasily Levashov had to participate in the decisive battles of 1945 - in Volo-Oder and Berlin operations, he was one of those who freed Warsaw and stormed Berlin. At the end of the war, Vasily Levashov served in Navy Fleet, taught in the Supreme Naval School in Leningrad. Often came to Krasnodon, where he saw with his comrades for the "Young Guard". Former young guidance officer Vasily Levashov, already in our, XXI century - July 10, 2001. Peterhof became the last place of his residence.

But Mikhail Shishchenko - a disabled in winter war and the head of the cell in the village of Krasnodon - did not have to brake for health. When arrest began, he was hiding for some time in the garden, then got out of the village, changing into a female dress. The Germans very actively searched for him, sent him photographs on all near villages, but Mikhail Tarasovich knew how to mask well. Probably, this person would try to create a new underground organization on the ruins of the old - but the Red Army came, and the need for underground disappeared.

Mikhail Shchenko. Colorization neoakowiec.

From May 1943, Mikhail Shyschenko headed Rovenkovsky Raykom Komsomol, in 1945 he joined the party. After the war, he met a lot with schoolchildren, spoke to them with public lectures on the activities of the "Young Guard", realizing the importance of patriotic education and transmitting traditions to new generations. Mikhail Shyschenko left memoirs about the "Young Guard". This man died in 1979.

The beloved Sergey Tyulenina Valery Fighters before the arrival of the Soviet troops hid from relatives in Voroshilovgrad. After the liberation of Krasnodon, the girl continued his studies, received a specialty translator from English and Spanish. He worked at the Foreign Literature Bureau for Military Publishing.

Valeria Fighters after the "Young Guard"

As the editor of the technical literature, Valery Davydovna worked for some time in Cuba, then he served in the ranks Soviet army As part of a grouping stationed in Poland. She married, actively engaged in automotive sports.

Alas, in the history of the post-war study of the "Young Guard", Valery Fighters played a negative role. Apparently, the tragic death of the beloved - Sergey Tyulenina - she donated the psyche of this then another fragile girl. Moreover, on the eve of the arrest of Sergey, they firmly quarreled. And they did not have time to grow up. Valeria's stories of Valeriy Bortz about his young guidance past confused, often one memory simply contradicts the other (and Valery Davydovna herself claimed that they told certain words for the reason that she was "so ordered"). Nevertheless, still people who are trying to base their conspiracy "theories" that are at her stories. In particular, the long-term refuted myth about the betrayal of Trecycles.

Valery Fighters died in 1996 in Moscow, having time to visit the role of a living legend. The photo was preserved on which Valery Davydovna is captured next to Yuri Gagarin. Probably, each of them considered a great honor for himself to take pictures with another.

Meeting Valeria Forers with Yuri Gagarin.

Radik Yurkin At the time of the liberation of Krasnodon was 14. He met the Red Army in Voroshilovgrad, where, like Valery Fighters, was hiding from Gestapo. He would, maybe, he wanted to immediately go to the front, but the command could not be applied to the blow of actually children. As a result, a compromise was found: Radik Yurkin was enrolled in a flying school. He graduated from her former young guidance in January 1945 and was sent to the sea aviation of the Black Sea Fleet. There participated in battles with Japanese imperialists. "Failure to fly, in the air is initiative, - certified his command, - in the complicated conditions takes a competent solution."

Radiy Yurkin is an officer of marine aviation.

After the end of World War II, Radii Yurkin continued his studies. In 1950, he graduated from the Yessia Naval Aviation School, after which he served on the Baltic, then in the Black Sea Fleets. In 1957, he retired and settled in Krasnodon. Rady Petrovich, as well as Mikhail Shishchenko, a lot spoke to schoolchildren and young people. The propaganda of the density of the young guards became an integral part of his life. In 1975, Radyi Petrovich Yurkin died. As they say - in the Krasnodon Museum, among the exhibits dedicated to his native "Young Guard".

Armenian Zhora Arutyunyant After the failure of the "Young Guard" managed to go to the city of Novocherkassk to the territory of the Russian Federation. His relatives lived there. They have waited for the arrival of the Red Army and returned to Krasnodon on February 23, 1943. Harutyunyan took part in the extraction of the remains of the young guards from the Schurf mines number 5 and in their reburial. In March 1943, he will enter the RKKA volunteer, in terms of the 3rd Ukrainian Front. As part of this front, Georgy Arutyunants took part in the liberation of the city of Zaporizhia, under which he was seriously injured. On cure command sent it to military school - In the Leningrad School of Anti-Armenian Artillery.

George Harutyunants after the "Young Guard"

After graduating from the school, Arutyunants remained there to work there. The colleagues noted in it "uncomplicated talent of the organizer." Therefore, in 1953 he was sent to the Military Political Academy, which he finishes in 1957. And then serves as a political worker in the Moscow District's troops.

Georgy Arutyunants did not lose interest in his comrades on underground, often came to Krasnodon. Meeting with young people. As usual, participated in the celebrations dedicated to the "Young Guard". The desire to preserve the people of historical memory in the end prompted him to engage in science: Georgy Arutyunz protects her thesis and becomes a candidate historical sciences. Georgy Minaevich passed away in 1973.

Sisters of Ivantsov, Nina and Olya On January 17, 1943, the front line was safely switched. In February 1943, together with the victorious troops of the Red Army, both girls returned to Krasnodon. Nina Ivantsova, shocked by the death of his comrades, went to the front volunteer, took part in the battles on the Mius Front, in the liberation of the Crimea, and then in the Baltic States. She demobilized in September 1945, after the end of the Second World War, in the rank of Guard Lieutenant. After the war was on party work. Since 1964, Nina Ivantsova worked in the Voroshilovgrad Machine-Building Institute. She died on the first day of the new 1982.

Nina Ivantsova

Olga Ivantsova

Olga Ivantsova after the liberation of Krasnodon became a Komsomol worker. He took an active part in the creation of the Museum of the Young Guard. Repeatedly elected to the deputy of the Supreme Council of Ukraine. After 1954 was at the party work in Krivoy Rog. Olga Ivassov died in July 2001.

Both sisters, both Olya, and Nina, made a lot to restore the true picture of the feat of the "Young Guard", in particular - to restore the good name Victor Trekijevich.

Anatoly Lopukhov moved the front line near Alexandrovka near Voroshilovgrad and joined the ranks of the Red Army. Together with the Soviet troops, he returned to Krasnodon. And then moved further to the west, freeing Ukraine from the invaders. On October 10, 1943, Anatoly Lopukhov was wounded in battle. After the hospital, he returned to his hometown, where Olga Ivantsova helped some time in creating the Young Guard Museum and even managed to visit the director of this museum.

Anatoly Lopukhov. Colorization neoakowiec.

In September 1944, Anatoly Lopukhov enters the Leningrad School of Anti-Armenian Artillery. In 1955 - to the Military Political Academy, which ends with honors. Repeatedly elected to the deputy of urban and regional councils. In the end, the colonel of Lopukhov Ropukhov in Dnepropetrovsk, where he died in 1990.

The mansion is the names of the two Vasiliev Borisov - Prokofievich and Mefodievich - and Stepan Safonova. V.P. Borisov joined the upcoming troops of the Red Army in January 1943. On January 20, 1943, the former young guidance was helped by the Soviet fighters to establish communication through the northern Donets. The group, as part of which was Borisov, got into the environment and was in captivity. The Germans were in a hurry and on the same day they shot all the prisoners. Many of the arrested young guards at that time were still alive.

Similarly, the fate and Stepan Safonov. He managed to get into Rostov regionwhere I switched to the front line, joining the Soviet troops. The young guidance of Step Safonov died in battle for the city of Kamensk on January 20, 1943.

V.P. Borisov.

Step Safonov

V.M. Borisov.

But Vasily Mefodievich Borisov left not to the east, and to the West - to the Zhytomyr region, where his brother Ivan struggled in the underground. Vasily joined Novograd-Volyn underground, through Lida Bobrov established a connection with the partisans. Together with this brave girl, they rushed to the city of leaflets and mines. Borisov arranged sabotage on railwayhelped organize the shoots of Soviet prisoners of war, which sent to partisans. The executed courageous young guidance was November 6, 1943.

In conclusion, let's say a few words about the most mysterious member of the "Young Guard". About Anatolia Kovalev. There are no photos from this person. It is only known that he had to execute him with a group of Tyulenina - Sopy. But on the way this is a well-trained guy-physical consultancy, fan healthy image Life, even in prison, did not leave class gymnastics, managed ... Run! Further traces are lost. What happened to him subsequently - there are several versions. According to one of them, he managed to voluntarily join the ranks of the Red Army and continued to fight. And after the war, his experience of the underground seemed to be an interesting newly centered MGB - and Anatoly Kovalev became an intelligence-illegal. According to another version, he killed in Stalin's camps, as it was too vigorously protested against the version of Fadeeva. On the third, Anatoly Kovalev died in the 1970s in one of the crazy houses. There really lived a certain old man who called himself a member of the "Young Guard" Anatoly Kovalev. But whether it was really a kovalev, or the old man suffered a person's disorder, and could not be installed.

Myth This or reality on the pages of the history of the Soviet Union? Many still believe that this is fiction. But unfortunately, this whole story is true and bitter truth. February...

Myth This or reality on the pages of the history of the Soviet Union? Many still believe that this is fiction. But unfortunately, this whole story is true and bitter truth.

February 1943. Liberation from the German occupiers of the town of Krasnodon Donetsk region. Soviet soldiers from the NO5 mine not far from settlement Delivered dozens of brutally mutilated bodies. These were the bodies of adolescents of the local town, which were on the captured territory, were active participants in the illegal association "Young Guard". Near the forgotten mine, most members of the illegal organization of Komsomol residents "Young Guard" were last seen the sunshine. They were killed.

Young Komsomol members, since 1942, opposed the fascists in the small town of Krasnodone, which is located on the territory of Ukraine. Previously, there were very few information about such organizations. And the "Young Guard" The first Society of Youth, which it happened to find a lot of detailed data. The young guards so they were called by these patriots, which at the cost of their lives, fought for freedom of their debris. More recently, all these guys were made everybody without exception.

The feat of these guys is captured in the book of Fadeeva A., in the film Gerasimov S., in their honor, called ships, schools, troops of pioneers, and so on. Who are these heroic guys?

The Krasomol Youth Organization of Krasnonon included 71 participants: from them 47 boys and 24 girls. The age of the smallest of them was 14 years old, and most of them did not celebrate their nineteenthly. These were the simple guys of their country, they were inherent in the most ordinary human feelings, they lived the most common life of the Soviet man.

The organization did not see the national borders, they did not share them and not very much. Each of them was ready to come to the help of another even at the cost of his life.

The capture of Krasnodon occurred on July 20, 1942. The Germans immediately collided with partisan actions. Sergey Tyulenin Seventeen-year-old guy began the underground struggle alone. Sergey first combined young people to fight the Germans.

In early, there were only 8 of them. September 30 became the afternoon from which the organization should be considered. The project was established, the formation of society was planned, certain actions were planned, the headquarters were founded. Unanimously, everyone agreed to name the organization "Young Guard".

Already in October, small autonomous illegal groups united in one organization. Ivan Zharovov appointed headquarters headquarters, Vasily Levashov - commander of the Central Group, George Arutyunants and Sergey Tyulenin became members of the headquarters. Commissioner chose Viktor Trejijevich.

Today it is often possible to hear that these guys did not perform anything heroic smooth. Leaflets, a collection of weapons, arsons - all this did nothing in the fight against the fascists. But those who say that does not know how it is first to print flyers, and then go to glue them in the night, when they can shoot at the place, or carry a couple of grenades in the bag, for which death is also inevitable. It was arranged arsums, the red flags saw, freed the prisoners, took the cattle. All this guys did clearly realizing that for any of these actions death.

Alas, December was marked by the first straightening. It was because of them in the future, the Commissioner of the Young Guards considered Koshoy Oleg. And this happened because the cat wanted to allocate a half-two dozen people from the members of the underground, who would act autonomously from all the others, and their commissioner would be a kosheva himself. He was not supported. But Kosheva did not calm down and the newly accepted guys signed temporary Komsomol tickets, instead of a third-party.

On the very first day of 1943, Arrest E. Moshkov, V. Treykhevich and I. Zhonovhov. The remaining members of the underground, having learned about the arrest decided to leave the city. But the notorious human factor. One of the young guards of the city of Poviepets, having heard about the arrests, led himself as a coward and composed a denominator to the underground.

The punishers came into motion. Arrest followed one by one. Many of those who were not arrested, doubted whether the city was doubted. In fact, they violated the decision of the headquarters, about the departure of Krasnodon. Only 12 guys decided and disappeared. However, this was not saved by Tyulenina and Koshevoy, they still grabbed them.

We started massive monstrous and inhuman torture over the captured young guards. Fascists, who configured that Trekijevich is the leader of the "Young Guard", tortured him with particular cruelty, they needed his testimony, but it did not help. In the city was let the gossip that Victor told everything. All who knew him did not believe it.

On January 15, 1943, the first young guards were executed, Trecycles, too. They were dropped into an old mine.

January 31 - the third group was shot. Allegedly A. Kovalev was fortunate enough to escape, but then there was no information about him.

It remains only four of the guys-undergrounders, among them and the cat. On February 9, they were killed in ropes, shot.

On February 14, the soldiers of the army of the Soviet Union came to the city. From now on February 17, forever will be a mournful and filled with grief. On this day they got the bodies of young guidance. A monument was established on the grave with the names of the dead, the name of Treijevich is not on it. His mother, the rest of his life wore mourning. Many refused to believe in the betrayal of the head of the organization, but the past commission did not confirm its innocence.

After 16 years, it turned out to be delayed the most fiery executioner, it was he who subjected to the sophisticated torture of young guys - V. Podthene. At the interrogations, finally found out that Trekijevich was slander.

17 for many years it took that his honest name restored, awarded, his mother waited that her son was spawned. As a result, the label of the traitor with V. Trekijevich was removed, but the title of the Commissioner did not return and the title of Hero of the Soviet Union, as the rest, were not assigned.

"Young Guard": all the same young people killed

The Central Archive of the FSB provided us with the opportunity to explore the case No. 20056 - twenty-eight volumes of the investigation of the investigation on the charges of policemen and German gendarmes in reprisals above the underground organization "Young Guard", operating in the Ukrainian city of Krasnodone in 1942. Recall that the novel "Young Guard", which we have not reread for a long time, tells in detail about these events. The writer Alexander Fadeev specially traveled to Krasnodon after his liberation and wrote an essay for "truth", and then a book. With the same name.

Oleg Koshevoy, Ivan Zhonnov, Ulyana Gromovoy, Sergey Tyulenina and Shevtsova's love immediately assigned the title of Hero of the Soviet Union.

After that, not only the dead, but even the remaining "young guards" belonged to themselves, and Fadeev. In 1951, at the insistence of the Central Committee, he introduced communist mentors to his book. There are also kilometers of dissertations in life about their role in the leadership of the Krasnodonian youth underground. And not a writer in eyewitnesses, and the real participants in the events began to ask the writer: what did the "young guard" really did? Who led her? Who betrayed her? Fadeev answered: "I wrote a novel, not a story."

The investigation went on hot wakes, when not all witnesses and the accused managed to read the novel, quickly became classic. So, in their memory and testimony, well-known book heroes, the undergrounders have not yet managed to replace completely real boys and girls executed by the Krasnodonian police. So, having familiarized with the facts, the author found ...

One of the leaflets of the "Young Guard"

"Young Guard" came up with twice. First in the Krasnodon police. Then Alexander Fadeev. Before the criminal case was initiated on the embezzlement of New Year's gifts at the local market, such a underground youth organization, which we know from childhood, was not in Krasnodone.

Or was it still? So, facts.

Of the materials of the case No. 20056: Valya Bortz: "I joined the" Young Guard "through his school comrade Seryo Safonova, who introduced me to Sergey Tyuleny in August 1942. Then the organization was small and was called the "Hammer" squad. Took the oath. The commander was Viktor Trekijevich, Commissioner - Oleg Koshevoy, and members of the headquarters - Ivan Zhonnukhov, Sergey Tylenyn and Ulyana Gromova. Later, the headquarters increased by Shevtsov. "

Korostylev, Krasnogoli Trust Engineer: "Somehow in early October 1942, I handed the" Young Guard "radio receiver. The reports recorded by them multiplied, and then spread through the city. "

Valya Fighters: "... November 7 we took on the buildings of the coal online and a club of mines No. 5-bis red flags. Labor exchange was burned, in which the lists of Soviet citizens to be hijacking to Germany were kept. They set fire to the Birja of the Labor Shevtsov, Lukyanchenko and Tyulenin.

The building of the Krasnodonsky police, where the prisoners were held

Everything is perhaps. Of course, we do not judge, there is a lot or a little when it comes to life and death, but even the gendarmes held in case No. 20056 and the police just three years after the Krasnodon's events about the "Young Guard" remembered with difficulty. They could not say how many people consisted in it, and what she really did. At first, they did not even understand why from all that they had time to do for war, the investigation is interested in exactly this short episode with adolescents.

In fact, to support Ordnung Germans left only twenty-five gendarmes. Then they graduated five more. They led them a fifty-year-old German - Head of Gendarmerie Renatus, a member of the NSDAP since 1933. And for thirty Germans in the area accounted for four hundred policemen. And competition in place in the police was such that they took only on the recommendation.

"On the facts of arson of labor exchange and hanging flags", the police reported the next day: eight people were arrested. The chief of gendarmerie, without thinking, ordered everyone to shoot.

In this case, there is a mention of only one victim of police reporting - the daughter of Kaseyev's collective farm managers, which admitted to hanging flags. It is exactly known that Kaseyev was never a "young guidance" and in the lists of heroes does not mean.

"Guilty" in the opening of leaflets also found immediately. The wife of the coal engineer's engineer just solved family problems. And to get rid of her husband, brought to the police: here one engineer supports communication with the partisans. "Plugger" miraculously saved the neighbor in the court of Burgomaster Statsenko.

Roman Alexander Fadeeva "Young Guard"

Where did the myth come from about a huge, branched, representing a terrible threat to the Germans of an underground organization?

On the night of December 25-26, 1942, a German car was robbed at the Krasnodon district building, which contained mail and New Year's gifts for German soldiers and officers. The driver of the car declared this to the Krasnodon gendarmerie.

The head of the Krasnodon police, Solikovsky gathered all police officers, showed a pack of cigarettes of the same brand that stolen, ordered to immediately go to the local market and deliver everyone to the police, who will trade such cigarettes.

Soon the translator of Burgurt and who went with him in the bazaar the Germans in the civilianist managed to delay the twelve-year-old Alexander Greeneva (he was also bubble). The boy admitted that the cigarettes gave him Evgeny Moshkov. The apartment Moshkova found eight boxes with cigarettes and cookies. Thus were arrested by the head of the club of Moshkov, headed by a string circle of Trecythevich and some others.

And then took Olga Lyadskaya. In fact, it was arrested quite by chance. Came to Tosa Mashchenko in search of the "robbers" of Vali Fourth, by that time already hagging to the front line. At Tosi policeman liked the tablecloth, he decided to grab it with him. Under the tablecloth lay a unsent letter to a lunda friend Fedor Yarina. She wrote that he did not want to leave for Germany to "slavery." That is what: in quotes and large letters.

Olga Lyadskaya (in the center) was also named traitor, although no one could betray

Investigator Zakharov promised to hang the Lyadskaya in the bazaar for her big letters in quotes, if he immediately won't call others dissatisfied with the new order. She asked: who already sits in the police? The investigator schitril and called the Mashchenko to be released by that time. Then Lyadsky showed that Mashchenko and there are unreliable.

The investigator did not expect more. But Lyadskaya came on the hook and called a couple of surnames - those who remembered the active Komsomol work before the war that had nothing to do with the "Young Guard".

Of the materials of the case No. 20056: Lyadskaya: "I called the persons I suspected in partisan activities: Kozyreva, Treijevich, Nikolaenko, because they once asked me, if we had partisans on the farm and help them. And after Solikovsky threatened to beat, I issued a girlfriend Mashchenko - foals ... ". And eighty people. Even in the post-war lists in the organization consisted of several seventy ...

For a long time, except for the Lyadskaya "Official" traitor was considered the "Molten-Falling" of Povigets. Indeed, the investigator Chenkov recalls that Gennady Povigets, the nephew of the former chief of the Krasnodon police, passed in writing to Solikovsky and Zakharov in the village of Pervomaysky. And issued the headquarters of "mg" in this order: Trekijevich (Chief), Lukashev, earthlov, Safonov and Koshevoy. And also called the commander of his "five" - \u200b\u200bPopov.

Tosya Mashchenko delivered to the police admitted that she was spreading leaflets. And she issued a third, whose new year was issued for the third time. Trekijevich issued Shevtsov and began to call "young guards" with whole settlements.

Sergey Tyulenin - one of the most reckless "young guidance"

The circle of suspects was so expanded that the Chief of Solikovsky managed to get to the police even the son of Burgomist Statsenko. And, judging by the post-war testimony of Pope, Zhora told everything that he knew about his friends shyly. His father helped him out, as before this arrested "for the leaflets" of the engineer. He, by the way, also came ran away and reported that Oleg Koshevoy on the apartment is illegally listening to the radio.

Indeed, the "young guidance" Gennady Poviepets, whom after the war they made "the official traitor of the" Young Guard ", issued initiatively. But he no longer informed Solikov anything new.

In the documents as a traitor "of the Young Guard" mentioned Chinese Yakov Ka-Fu. Investigator Zakharov told the Eaglov's investigator already in Italy, at the very end of the war that the organization issued this Chinese. The post-war investigation was able to establish only one thing: Jacob could be offended by Soviet power, because before the war he was removed from work because of the poor knowledge of the Russian language.

Imagine how an offended Chinese ka-fu passed the underground organization. How he answered in detail the investigators - probably on the fingers. It is strange that in the lists of "Young Guard" and did not turn out if not all of China, then at least the entire Krasnodon district "Shanghai".

Decades were a dispute about what real History "Young Guard" is different from the written Fadeev. It turns out, argued meaningless. Case №20056 - about the fact that in the book was not a life in the book, and the myth already created before the writer. First, the pilots of the youth underground privileged the Krasnodonian police itself.

Victor Treijevich first enrolled in traitors

For what? Let's not forget that the Krasnodonsky policemen did not fall from the moon and not from the third Reich profits. For the report before the bosses, to disclose the rank robbery where as less significant than the whole underground organization. And the discontinuity, to believe in it for the former Soviet labor was not. For former Soviet - on both sides of the front.

But all this was only the prehistory of the "Young Guard". The story begins only now.

Of the materials of the case No. 20056: Maria Bortz: "... when I entered the office, Solikovsky sat at the table. In front of him lay a set of weaves: thick, thin, wide, belts with lead tips. The sofa stood dismantled to the unrecognizable earths Vanya. His eyes were red, eyelids are greatly inflamed. On the face of abrasions and bruises. All clothes at Vanya were in the blood, the shirt on his back stuck to the body, and blood was tagged through it. "

Nina Zemnovhova: "From the resident of Krasnodon Lensky Rafail Vasilyevich, who was kept from Vanya in the same cell, learned that the executioners took Vanya to the police courtyard and beaten to the loss of consciousness.

Zhenym Moshkova was drunk to the river Kamenka, froze in the hole and then in the surrender hut in the stove were thawed, after which they were taken to the police again for interrogation ... Volodya Osmukhin broke the bone on his hand and every time he was interrogated with a broken arm. "

Ulyana Gromova

Tuylanina (Mother Sergey):"On the third day after my arrest, I was called for the interrogation where Seryozha was located. Solikovsky, Zakharov and Chenkov forced me to warm up the devil, and then beaten with a whip before the loss of consciousness. And when he woke up, they began in my presence to burn her solemn-hot rod to the wound of the right hand. The fingers of the hands were put under the door and clamped to full donkeeration. Under the nails, the needles were driven and suspended on the ropes. The air in the room where torture was made was filled with the smell of burnt meat. ... In the chambers, the police officer Avsecin did not give us water to whole days in order to at least mix blood banging in the mouth and throat. "

Cherenkov (police investigator): "I spent a full-time bet between thunder, Ivanichene and earthhov. At that moment Solikovsky entered the office with his wife. Having put on the floor Gromov and Ivanikhin, I started to beat them, Solikovsky, cooked by his wife, snatched from my hands and began to straighten with the arrested. ... since the cameras of the prison were filled with young, many, as the mother of Olga Ivantsova, just lying around in the corridor. "

Maria Fighters: "... Solikovsky, Zakharov, Davidenko forced the girls to undress to devour, and then they began to mock them over them, accompanying it with beatings. Sometimes it was done in the presence of Solikovsky's wife, which was usually sitting on the sofa and poured laugh. ... Uly Gromoi was suspended for braids ... her boots were trapped her chest. ... Police Bathkin beat Popov's whore and made him lick blood splashed on the wall. "

Suicide note of thunder

In 1948, Sergei Gerasimov removed his film "Young Guard". At the shooting scene of the shooting of underground workers at the mine gathered the whole city. And Krasnodon so zared into the voice when the first to Shurof went the playing Oleg Koshovy actor Alexander Ivanov ... It is unlikely that knowing that they were shooting not at the mine, they would be smaller.

The decision on the execution of Shakhty No. 5-bis was taken by the police chief Solikovsky and Burgomaster Statsenko. The place was tested, there were already shot by Krasnodonians.

In the case, the execution of "Young Guard" was taken out into four receptions. For the first time, January 13, - on the truck, thirteen girls, to which six Jews raised. At first they shot and dropped mine mines No. 5-Bis Jews. And then the girls began to shout that they were not guilty of anything. Policemen began to raise and tie the girls on their heads. And some threw in the mine alive.

The next day, sixteen still sixteen were taken to the mine on three bass, including Moshkov and Popov.

Treijevich dropped alive into the mine, because he managed to grab the investigator of the Zakharov police and tried to drag him behind him. So they themselves decide how Viktor Trekijevich was actually, which twenty years after the execution of any writer did not write a line.

The scene of the "Young Guard"

For the third time - January 15 - seven girls and five young men were taken out on two bass. And for the last time, in the first days of February, Tulyanin and four more were taken on one submarine. Then the penalty almost broke. Kovalev and Grigorenko managed to unleash his hands to unleash each other. Grigorenko killed the Burgart translator, and Kovaleva was only injured - then they found his punched coat bullets. The rest of the tricks were shot and threw in the mine.

For almost a week, Oleg Kosheva hid from persecution of farms, changing into a female dress. Then for three days there was a drop in the bed on the apartment from a relative. Koshevoy thought that the Krasnodonian police are looking for him as the "Young Guard Commissioner". In fact, it was caught as a member of a car robbery with New Year's gifts. And they took for no reason - simply because in the front-line zone they grabbed and searched all young people ...

View of the gray boy of Oleg Koshovy Ball remembered forever

... Koshevoy delivered to the Rovenian District Gendarmer to the investigator Orlov. Oleg knew: this is the very Ivan Orlov, who once called for interrogation and raped a teacher. And the Germans even had to "go to meet the population" and remove Orlov from Krasnonon here, in Rovenki.

Kosheva shouted Orlov: I am a Underground Commissar! But the investigator about the "Young Guard" did not listen: they say, unless real partisans can impede themselves so stupid? But the young man was so annoyed by the investigator that Oleg surrendered in six days.

About how the cat died, the Germans were referred to from a focusing team. They hardly recalled, as during breakfast, the chief of gendarmerie fromm came to the dining room and said: Skill, there is a job. As usual, delivered prisoners in the forest, divided into two parties, put face to a pampel ...

But they remembered clearly that one gray boy after volley did not fall into the pit, but remained to lie on the edge. Turned his head and just looked in their direction. The gendarme of the Tordz could not stand, came up and shot him from the rifle in the head ...

For the Germans, there was no name of Oleg Koshevoy, nor "Young Guard". But a few years after the war, they did not forget the look of the gray boy who had lying on the edge of the pit ...

After the liberation of Krasnodon, March 1, 1943, forty-nine dead corpses were folded into the coffins and transported to them. Komsomol. It was snow, immediately turning into the dirt. Funeral continued from morning to late evening ...

Monument "Young Guard" in Krasnodone

In 1949, Lyadska appealed to give her the opportunity to independently go through the program of the 10th grade, because it is from seventeen years in conclusion. Olga Lyadskaya is rehabilitated in the middle of the nineties on the grounds that was not a member of the Young Guard Youth Komsomol organization, and therefore could not give her.

In 1960, Viktor Trejijevich was introduced in the "Young Guard" lists and awarded the Order Patriotic War I degree posthumously ...

The editors are grateful to the leadership of the Central Asian FSB.

Eric Shur, "Top Secret"