19.04.2018

100 years ago, the People's Commissariat for Military Affairs installed the emblem of the Red Army - a five-pointed star with a gold border.

On April 19, 1918, the Izvestia newspaper reported: “The Commissariat for Military Affairs established a drawing of a badge for the soldiers of the Red Army. The sign depicts a star with golden rays, in the middle on a red field there are golden images of a plow and a hammer ... "On May 7, 1918, an order of the People's Commissariat for Military Affairs No. 321 was issued:" The Red Army badge belongs to persons serving in the Red Army ... "Order No. 42 of May 8, 1918 read: “Everyone newly entering the Soviet Army must be supplied with a Red Army book with a signature under the obligation, as well as a Red Army badge: “Mars star with a plow and a hammer.”

The badge was approved on July 29, 1918 by Order No. 594. Following this, the Military Department of the All-Russian Central Executive Committee (VTsIK) published the pamphlet "Red Star", which stated:

“... Look at this red star ... this red star is a sign of the glorious defender of the working people and the poor of the Workers 'and Peasants' Red Army. You see a hammer and a plow on a red star - a symbol of the unity of the urban worker and the rural plowman, in order to defend their land and the will, the worker-peasant to the last drop of blood Soviet power and the socialist Fatherland from the enemies and executioners of the working people - capitalists, nobles, landlords, kulaks, foreign robbers and other counter-revolutionary bastards.

You know, comrade, who is the friend and who is the enemy of the working people.

You must know who is your protector from bondage and slavery, from the royal-landlord power.

Your protector is a worker or a peasant - a warrior of the revolution, who joined the ranks of the glorious Red Army.

Only your Red Army defender can wear the badge of the red star.

Now think and remember what a great symbol this red star is - a symbol of the unity of the worker and the plowman, who have thrown the bloodsucker tsar, landowners and capitalists from their necks and hoisted the red banner of socialism over Russia ... ".

The high value of the new emblem was also explained by a leaflet published in the same year: “Why does the Red Army wear a red star? Because every army wears an image of what it serves. What did the cockade of the old army depict? A ribbon from the royal flag in the radiance of rays and meant that she served the king. And the former army served the tsar, and on his orders beat the peasants and workers and helped the landowners and bourgeois oppress the people, use their labor and, doing nothing, live at their expense ... Everything under the red star, comrades! For she is the star of truth!.. She is the star of the happiness of all the poor, peasants and workers…”.

On September 16, 1918, the Decree of the All-Russian Central Executive Committee established the first Soviet military order of the Red Banner: on a white field framed by a laurel wreath, a red banner with the inscription "Proletarians of all countries, unite!" and a five-pointed star covering the crossed hammer, plow and rifle.

After civil war On April 13, 1922, by order of the Revolutionary Military Council of the Republic No. 953, the plow symbol on the star was replaced with a sickle. Since May 29, a star with a sickle and a hammer has become mandatory for military headgear - dads, caps, caps, panama hats, caps, berets ... Since 1924, a star with a sickle and a hammer has become integral part Emblem of the USSR and State flag THE USSR.

On April 6, 1930, the Presidium of the All-Russian Central Executive Committee established the Order of the Red Star, covered with ruby ​​enamel, on it is the figure of a Red Army soldier with a rifle at the ready. Established in 1934 Golden Star hero Soviet Union, in 1939 the Gold Star "Hammer and Sickle" of the Hero of Socialist Labor. In 1935, five towers of the Moscow Kremlin were crowned with red stars. On the 20th anniversary of the Great October Socialist Revolution in 1937, they were replaced by the current ruby ​​ones. The red star became the central element of the cockades introduced in the Red Army since 1940 for marshals and generals.

During the Great Patriotic War, the image of a star was left on the walls Brest Fortress its heroic defenders drew blood in the death chambers of underground heroes. Hand-drawn stars on gun barrels, aircraft fuselages, and tank armor kept track of the destroyed Nazi equipment. Leaflets with stars carried the words of truth to people behind enemy lines. In 1943, stars appeared on officer epaulets. Images of the star adorned the guards banners, the badge of the guards and the highest commander's order "Victory", the orders of Glory and Patriotic War, military medals ...

Glorifying the red star, the famous Soviet poet Demyan Bedny wrote:

Not Mars shines on us from above,
Not the bloodthirsty god of war, -
Not for the vile profits
Priests, nobles and merchants,
Closing ranks, we go into battle:
We are fighting violence!

Like a scarlet poppy in an open field,
Our battle sign sparkles,
Witness the connection of the age
Families of the world, labor,
Symbol of victorious Labor -
Red Star!

"Communist World"

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About the red star: the origins of the symbol

An interesting but little touched upon topic is the symbolism of the five-pointed star. This simple symbol is one of the oldest, it began to be used several thousand years before our era. It has become widespread in many cultures and has a great semantic load. The same star, differing only in color, is present in the symbols of the United States, the European Union, the Soviet Union, China and many other countries and social movements. Since it is widely used to convey various meanings and ideas, for a better understanding of them, we will briefly consider some of its main meanings.

The first known use of the five-pointed star is in the states of Sumer in Mesopotamia in 3000 BC. e. In their writing, such a pictogram denoted a corner, a small room, a pit.

For the ancient Pythagoreans, the pentagram (from the word pentagramos - five-lined) meant five shelters where primitive chaos was placed during the creation of the world, and they were in Tartarus. The darkness in these shelters was considered the source of the soul of the world, as well as the source of wisdom. This pentagram was drawn with two rays up.

The symbol of the goddess ruling this other world is an apple, since when cut in it you can see a pentagram. Therefore, the pentagram was also a symbol of health and the goddess Hygieia. In addition, Pythagoras argued that in geometry, the pentagram is a mathematical perfection. But, without delving into the mathematical characteristics of this figure, let's go further.

In Kabbalah, a pentagram with one ray up means the messiah. The pentagram is also the symbol of Solomon's seal and was for some time the official seal of Jerusalem.

For a Muslim, it can mean the five pillars of the Muslim faith and the five daily prayers.

In Christian Europe, the five-pointed star had whole line symbolic meanings. Except for what's left of time ancient world symbol of health, it symbolized five rays of five senses, five fingers. In religion, the pentagram was used as a symbol of the five wounds of Christ, the five joys of Mary, which brought her the perfection of her son Jesus. It also symbolized the Star of Bethlehem at Christmas (in Russia, the Star of Bethlehem was seven-pointed).

One of the main meanings of the five-pointed star was the symbol of the human nature of Christ, so in the Renaissance, when man and the human person began to take on more and more importance, this symbol also became more important. The five-pointed star resembles a man with outstretched arms and legs apart, like drawings by Leonardo da Vinci. With the development of humanism and atheism, the star began to mean simply the human person, as the new highest value of the new era.

In fact, the five-pointed star and humanistic ideals became widespread during the French Revolution. With the advent of a new atheistic ideology, a person was placed in first place in the system of values, and the star in a humanistic sense became one of the most important symbols. As a result of these changes, the star also became widespread in military symbols, first of the French Republic, and then of other countries. In this sphere, she symbolized the god of war Mars, according to legend, was born from a lily, which resembles a five-pointed star. This sign is used both for identification and for various other designations.

With the spread of values ​​and social forces of the new era, the five-pointed star also began to spread. She has always been an important sign in the symbolism of the Freemasons, a social force that began to acquire worldwide significance after the French and American revolutions. In addition to ancient and occult meanings, the star began to be widely used by them for the public expression of their ideas - the spiritual improvement of man and the elevation of man to the head of the entire value system in an atheistic version. Therefore, the star is widely used in the state symbols of many countries built according to Masonic drawings - the United States, where the stars on the flag also mean the Kingdom of Heaven, the European Union and others.

The five-pointed star is also used by many movements and organizations, and its symbolism is often associated either with the Masonic forces behind them, or with the communist movement that adopted it into its symbolism.

A star with two rays up is used by the Church of Latter Day Saints or Mormons. An inverted star with rays of different colors symbolizing the Star of Bethlehem is also a symbol of the largest fraternalist organization - the Order of the Eastern Star. This order brings together about a million masons in the rank of not less than a master and is known for its charitable activities.

An inverted pentagram with two rays up is one of the main symbols of Satanists. Such a pentagram means Tartarus or hell, the place where fallen angels. Inside the inverted pentagram, the head of Baphomet is also often drawn in the form of a goat's head. All this symbolizes the anti-human nature and the worship of animal passion. The three rays of the star turned downward also signify the rejection of the Holy Trinity.

The pentagram is also often found among the pagans, serving them as one of the symbols of faith - the five ends of the star mean earth, water, air, fire and spirit. Although in ancient times the pagan pentagram was drawn with two beams up, now it is usually depicted with one beam up, so as not to evoke associations with Satanists. Both in antiquity and today, the pentagram remains an important symbol for druids, Wiccans, neo-Pythagoreans and other groups that profess paganism and practice magic.

In the 20th century, when communist movement began to acquire global significance, and in Russia there was socialist revolution, the new state needed new symbols. Initially, the red star with a plow and a hammer was adopted as the emblem and identification mark of the Red Army. Here the star symbolized the god of war Mars, and this emblem personified the protection of peaceful labor.

However, in the early years, due to the presence of anti-Christian and Zionist elements in the core of the Bolshevik organization, the image of a star with two ends up was accepted. The first Soviet Order of the Red Banner had just such an inverted image of a star.

But such a symbol caused such rejection in society that they soon abandoned it and officially approved the image of a star with one ray up.

But the new country also needed new state symbols, and the red star turned out to be a fairly suitable and popular symbol for this. Therefore, it soon moved from the banners of the army carrying the liberation of the world proletariat to the coat of arms and banners of the first country building communism. In Soviet state symbols, the red star next to the hammer and sickle began to mean the unity of the working people of five continents with a single beginning and goal. The red color symbolized the brotherhood and the blood shed for the freedom of the working people of the whole world.

Alexander P.

Fall 2014 LDPR leader Vladimir Zhirinovsky sent a letter Russian Defense Minister Sergei Shoigu, in which he raised the question of the formation of army symbols for Orthodox Orthodox military personnel. The reason for the letter, judging from its content, was Zhirinovsky's trip to the farm German Sterligova. The son of the owner allegedly complained that he could not serve in the Russian army, because the five-pointed star in army symbols is associated with satanic symbols.

State Secretary of the Russian Ministry of Defense Nikolai Pankov answered the head of the Liberal Democratic Party with a detailed letter, which indicates that the linking of a five-pointed star to Satanism is unreasonable - for example, such a pentagram during the Roman Empire marked the transition from paganism to Christianity as the true faith. As for the history of the star in the Russian and Soviet army, there has never been a trace of Satanism here.

This correspondence is indicative - in the post-Soviet period, attacks on Soviet symbols took on the character of uniform harassment, and its participants did not bother themselves too much to substantiate their statements.

The red star, as a symbol of the Soviet army, was given special attention - they saw in it Satanism, Freemasonry, militant Zionism, and much more. They saw everything, depending on the level of intellectual development.

Nicholas introduced French fashion

But what is true story the appearance of a star in general and a red star in particular in the armed forces of our country?

Like many other things, the five-pointed star came to Russia from abroad. V late XVIII - early XIX century in the French army, five-pointed stars appeared on the epaulettes and headdresses of officers and generals, which determined their rank. This tradition dates back to ancient rome, where the five-pointed star was a symbol of the god of war - Mars - and denoted the lily from which he was born.

In 1827 Russian Emperor Nicholas I adopts French experience and introduces stars on the epaulettes of officers and generals of the Russian army. We are talking about gold forged stars. 27 years later, in 1854, the same Nicholas I introduces shoulder straps into the Russian army, as well as sewn stars on them.

There is no consensus on how widely the five-pointed star was used in the Russian army. On the Internet you can find pictures of the famous Russian photographer Carla Bulla, on which in 1904-1905 he captured Russian military trains, the cars of which are marked with five-pointed stars with a double-headed eagle inside. Opponents insist that this is a clever photomontage.

A five-pointed star with an eagle on a military train car, Russian Empire, photo by Viktor Bulla, 1905. Photo: Public Domain

Logic, and nothing but logic

After February Revolution royal insignia in the army were abolished. April 21, 1917 by order of the Navy and the Maritime Department No. 150 of the Military and Naval Minister of the Provisional Government Alexandra Guchkova shoulder straps were replaced by sleeve insignia, and a new cockade was introduced. On it, a five-pointed star was placed above the socket with an anchor.

The interim government could not completely solve the problem of revising military symbols due to the fact that it was in power for a very short time.

After October 1917, the same question had to be solved by the Bolsheviks, who were busy building a new workers' and peasants' army.

The five-pointed star as a symbol new army fit in many ways. Firstly, although it was used in the Russian army, it did not have a stable link to the institution of the monarchy. Secondly, she migrated to Russia from France, where she appeared in the army after the Great French Revolution, whose leaders were treated with great respect by the Bolsheviks.

The answer to the question about the color of the star was also obvious - the red banners of the revolution and the Red Guard as the forerunner of the revolutionary army implied that the new symbol would also be red.

The uniform of the fighters and commanders of the Taman army, the Red Army during the Civil War, 1919. Photo: Commons.wikimedia.org / Jp.negre

Five Continents of the Proletarian Revolution

Who first proposed the red five-pointed star as a symbol of the army is not exactly known. Most likely, such an idea arose from several people independently of each other. Among them are mentioned Commander of the Petrograd Military District Eremeev, Commissar of the Moscow Military District Polyansky. Be that as it may, this idea was supported by the Military Collegium for the organization of the Red Army.

Initially, the red star was considered as a badge. by order People's Commissar of the Republic of Leon Trotsky No. 321 of May 7, 1918, it was approved as a sign that determines the affiliation of persons serving in the Red Army. However, the half-year experience of using the sign led to a change in its location. On November 15, 1918, by order of the Revolutionary Military Council of the RSFSR No. 773, the star began to be worn on headdresses instead of royal cockades, and the wearing of red stars also extended to sailors.

Reproduction of poster "Year of the Red Army" by artist A. Apsit. Photo: RIA Novosti / Pavel Balabanov

Initially, the red star as a symbol of the Red Army was approved with the image of a plow and a hammer, personifying the solidarity of workers and peasants.

Like any heraldic symbol, the army red star had its own interpretation. In the first years of the existence of the Red Army, it meant the unity of the world proletariat of all five continents of the Earth: the five ends of the star are the five continents of the planet. Red is the color of the proletarian revolution, it was supposed to unite all five continents with a single goal and a single beginning. In a later period, the red star was interpreted as a symbol of warriors standing guard over peaceful labor, protecting workers from hunger, war, poverty and slavery.

Ours are already in Washington!

Almost immediately from the moment the red star appeared, opponents of the Bolsheviks began to actively promote the idea of ​​\u200b\u200bthe "satanic" nature of the symbol of the Red Army. This kind of propaganda had some success, and the Military Department of the All-Russian Central Executive Committee published a leaflet “Look, comrade, here is the Red Star”, in which in detail, using the parable of Truth and Krivda, the true essence of this sign was told, extremely far from Satanism, and the red the star was pathetically called the "star of truth."

There were also more objective critics who believed that the problem was that Russia simply did not have such rich history use of a five-pointed star, as in other countries. For example, such stars were widely used in the army of Japan, as well as other countries.

If you look even wider, then the five-pointed star, and it is red, can be found in very unexpected places. For example, there are four on the flag of the Deputy Commander of the US Navy, and three on the flag of the city of Washington.

Flag of Washington, USA. Photo: Public Domain

To whom is the star, and to whom is the cross

During the existence of the Red Army - the Soviet army - the red star changed several times, changing the plow and hammer to a sickle and hammer.

The red star has become a symbol of military victories and the country's defense power.

In the post-Soviet period, the red five-pointed star became a symbol of the armed forces of Kazakhstan and Belarus. But in Ukraine, the military refused the five-pointed star - the cross became the symbol of the army there, resembling symbols German Wehrmacht times of World War II.

Concerning Armed Forces RF, then in 2014 they had a new logo - a red-white-blue five-pointed star. Experts argue about whether the new star is a departure from Soviet traditions or, conversely, a return to them.

One thing can be said with certainty - Satanism and mysticism have nothing to do with it.

In June 2017, in funds mass media received information about the replacement of the old emblem of the armed forces of the Russian Federation "red star" with a new one - "red-blue-white star". The news alarmed many public figures, prompting them to react violently to it. A fresh symbol was issued by a "subordinate design bureau" who called it the "Army of Russia". According to the creators, the new star will enhance the image national army and give him more courage.

The origins of the symbol of the Russian army

Red star with five ends - "face Russian army". The badge of the Russian army began to be used since the time of Tsar Nicholas I. In the early 19th century, the monarch insisted on the obligatory wearing of a distinctive badge by each military man on their epaulettes. Another name that was worn by the badge of the Russian army – "Mars" star. From now on and until 2014, this symbol remained hallmark Red Army.

The choice for a five-pointed star fell on purpose, since any symbol represents an idea or the main message that was originally laid down by the creators. AND the main idea will be stored exactly as long as the carrier - the emblem - exists.

If we talk about the symbol "five-pointed star", then we can trace that its origins go deep into antiquity. Being one of the most mysterious, his strength and power are beyond measure. For the first time images of this sign were seen in 3600 BC. The star left its mark in many civilizations:

• Sumerian;
• Babylonian;
• ancient Egyptian;
• Assyrian.

The star enclosed in a circle has been used in Chinese, Japanese and Indian cultures.

If we consider the star from the point of view of geometry, then this sign symbolizes the stability that the lines intertwining with each other determine. It is for this reason that it was customary to designate the macrocosm with a pentagram. In the 13th century, this symbol began to be identified with the symbol of man - the microcosm. Intertwined together, these two meanings were the personification of harmony and cosmic creativity.

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V social environment the pentagram represents the symbiosis of the citizen and the state. It is possible that this truth was also known to the inhabitants of the ancient world, which is symbolized by the use of this sign as a state sign during the existence of Ancient Rome. In ancient Babylon, in turn, the pentagram personified the absolute power of the monarch.

Summing up, we can conclude that since ancient times the symbol of the five-pointed star, or pentagram, symbolized only harmony, peace, unity, wisdom and perfection. It is not surprising that the rulers of ancient states, including leaders Russian Empire made their choice in favor of him.

According to historical sources, the initiator of the creation of this symbol was the commander Konstantin Eremeev. The sign remained in the days of the USSR, personifying the union of five continents, which were united by the world proletariat. The red color also symbolized a tribute to the memory of the lost colleagues who shed their blood defending the Motherland.

Despite this, some are inclined to argue that Trotsky himself, who worked with a team versed in the occult sciences, was responsible for the original idea for the development of this symbolism. This opinion leads to the idea that the pentagram was not chosen by chance. Putting on a uniform with the sign of the Russian army, the soldier takes responsibility for the well-being of the country and the citizens living in it, he puts on the mask of a true keeper of peace from the dark forces of enemies.

New army symbol

Carrying a similar "bright" message, the "red star" symbol was replaced with a new one. But will its value compare with what its previous brother personified?

First of all, it is worth paying attention to the fact that the new sign of the Russian army is not a full-fledged pentagram. While the star is a connection of several lines, the new sign is two jagged curves that try to imitate a star. The coloring has also been changed, from now on it resembles the Dutch flag, which is very depressing.

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What message can this symbol carry? One can only speculate, but cannot confirm. The disconnected curves seem to represent the gap between the Soviet army and modern army RF. The designers seemed to want to show our bitter reality - a complete renunciation of the old principles that were based solely on morality. What are the new ideas based on? On chaos and destruction? Why aren't they the same color?

The new sign shows a split, separation, any synonyms for these words, but not unity. Upon closer examination, it can be noted that the upper part of the emblem looks like a mound (funeral monument), and the lower part looks like a pit. They are crossed out by an arrow.

The upper part of the symbol is an inverted letter M, which from ancient times carried in itself deep meaning. Only words with a special meaning began with it - courage, power, power, wisdom. Everything that the current employees of the Russian army should embody. But what did the developers want to say by turning it upside down? That these fundamental principles of morality will come to an end? That the main purpose of the army will be turned upside down?

Having adopted a new symbol as an emblem and scrapped the old one, which carried only positive meanings, the developers are trying to strike at the very ideology of the Russian army. But if the fundamental basis of soldiers' morale changes, what will happen? No one can answer this question.

However, it is quite difficult to believe that domestic designers were involved in the development. The contribution of foreign figures is traced, who imperceptibly, but very aptly, tried to lay the meaning in the new emblem. Only a person who is really well versed in the occult sciences and military symbols could come up with something like that. Subtle hints hidden behind thick lines are like a hidden meaning that not everyone can see.

Trinity Cathedral is one of the most significant temples of the Northern capital. It is visible for 25 kilometers - from all over St. Petersburg. The temple turns 182 this year. Before construction, according to legend, this place was a wooden chapel, which was founded by Peter I.

The project of the Trinity Cathedral was designed by the architect Stasov. Nicholas I took an active part in the work on the drawings. In his youth, the future emperor dreamed of becoming an architect. The restorers tried to follow Stasov's surviving drawings.

The temple was always heated. To hide the pipes that would spoil the majestic view of the cathedral, Stasov went to the trick: he disguised them. Each dome is surrounded by bowls containing trumpets. When the temple was heated, it turned out that the smoke came from the bowls. From a distance it looked very beautiful.

The central chandelier for the cathedral was made in 1886 in the jewelry workshop "Nicholas and Plinke". Pushkin often ordered things there, and even owed a fair amount to the masters. The restorers tried to restore the former splendor of the chandelier, despite the fact that Plinke's drawings mysteriously disappeared from St. Petersburg after the revolution.

Before the revolution, soldiers of the Izmailovsky regiment, the most privileged in the imperial army, prayed in the temple. V different years Suvorov's father, Gogol's grandfather, and Pushkin's uncle and father served there. Each ruler, entering the throne, presented the regiment with a special banner for military merit. After the restoration, the banners were blatantly hung in place.

Six-pointed stars have long been a symbol of the army. It was the will of Nicholas I. The emperor wanted everyone to see that the temple belongs to the military clergy. After the revolution, the Bolsheviks painted over the dome, but now the restorers have restored the long-forgotten symbol.

Drawings and sketches of the marching iconostasis are stored in the temple. Before the revolution, every military priest had one. Before a similar iconostasis, the dying Nekrasov and his beloved Fekla Viktorova were crowned. The writer could no longer move, and his friends asked the military clergy to perform the ceremony in Nekrasov's apartment.

The restorers painted the interior of the dome using the fresco technique. The pattern imitates a three-dimensional pattern. It was repeated exactly according to Stasov's drawings kept in the Hermitage. " Attentive attitude to the original documents allows you to repeat and even strengthen what Stasov wanted to show," says Irina Voinova, chief architect of the cathedral restoration project.

Restorers rebuilt the stairs and repaired the floor. Chips were visible on the side sheets of the columns inside the temple. They were carefully cleaned, re-cast from plaster and frozen.