Appearance high degree The distinction of the USSR is directly related to the salvation of passengers and members of the shopping "Chelyuskin".

Considering that for the evacuation of people who were on the deceased ship, the Soviet pilots conducted an operation that did not have analogues in world history, the Soviet government was thinking about the need to emphasize this feat.

On April 16, 1934, the USSR CEC was a special decree "the highest degree of difference - the assignment of personal or collective services to the state related to the commission of the title of the Hero of the Soviet Union."

It is necessary to specifically note that no sign of the difference for the heroes of the Soviet Union was not originally intended. The assignment of the title was noted exclusively by the presentation of the special diplomas of the CEC of the USSR.

The first assignment of the title Hero of the Soviet Union took place on April 20, 1934, when they were marked by the pilots who participated in the salvation of Chelyuskintsev: Anatoly Lyapidevsky, Sigismund Levanevsky, Vasily Molokov, Nikolay Kamanan., Mauritius Slepnev, Mikhail Vodopyanov and Ivan Doronin.

Pilots in the USSR in the 1930s were in a special employee. No wonder that the first 11 heroes of the Soviet Union were aviation.

Initially, the heroes of the Soviet Union received only a diploma. Photo: Public Domain

Order and medal

Tradition, together with the assignment of the title of the Hero of the Soviet Union, handed the Order of Lenin in fact itself. The fact is that the first of the first heroes also received the Order, which was the highest award of the USSR.

In July 1936, this practice was legalized by the decision of the USSR CEC - from now on, the Hero of the Soviet Union, along with the diploma, and the Order of Lenin automatically received.

The number of heroes grew - together with the "Stalin's Sokols", the military, fought in Spain, as well as participants in the battle on Lake Hasan were noted.

The more heroes became, the more the need to have a certain appearance distinctive sign, according to which an outstanding person can learn any.

So the medal "Golden Star" appeared, the author of the sketch of which became architect Miron Merzhanov. The medal "Golden Star" as a sign of distinction for the Heroes of the Soviet Union was approved on August 1, 1939, and the first heroes that received both the Golden Star, and the Order of Lenin, were the participants of the battle at the Khalhin Gol River.

Medal "Golden Star". Photo: Public Domain

Zhukov, Brezhnev and Savitskaya

From 1934 to 1991, 12,776 people received the title of Hero of the Soviet Union, and the absolute majority of awards were assigned to those who distinguished themselves in the battles of the Great Patriotic War: Such more than 91 percent of the number of all awarded.

Absolute record holders for "heroism" are Georgy Zhukov and Leonid Brezhnev. And an outstanding commander, and the Secretary General are four times the heroes of the Soviet Union. At the same time, Brezhnev also has the title of Hero of Socialist Labor. However, to the awards of Brezhnev at all times treated with a fair fraction of humor. Suffice it to say that the three titles of the Hero of the Soviet Union Brezhnev were assigned in the period from 1976 to 1981, when the country's leader rapidly lost performance and the ability to critically relate to the surrounding reality.

Oddly enough, but, despite the heroism of Soviet women, only one of them was awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union twice. However, we are talking about more than worthy person - Cosmonaut pilot Svetlana Savitskaya, the first woman, published in open space.

Pillar-cosmonaut Svetlana Savitskaya. Photo: www.russianlook.com

Just thank you"

The most recent hero of the Soviet Union became an extremely unusual person - diving specialist, captain 3rd Rang Leonid Lododkov. Decree on the assignment of the title for participating in a diving experiment by imitating long-term work at a depth of 500 meters under water, was signed on December 24, 1991.

Receive a reward of a newly angry hero was invited to the Kremlin on January 16, 1992. The situation was extremely strange - the state whose hero was Leonid Nolodkov, no more than three weeks had existed by this time. But the most interesting thing is that, according to the military charter, licorice as an officer was supposed to "serve the Soviet Union!".

It is impossible to quickly change the charter, and Solodkov decided to act himself. After marshal Shaposhnikov I handed the hero award, he answered simply: "Thank you!". At this "Thank you" and the history of the title of the Hero of the Soviet Union was completed, three years did not live before his 60th anniversary.

Many at that time were believed that heroes would no longer be in our country. They say, nowhere, except for the USSR and the countries of the Socialist Block, a similar dimension system has not been practiced, despite the fact that there are practically in all countries of the world.

Tradition is stronger than ideology

However, the tradition turned out to be stronger than ideological changes in society. On March 20, 1992, the Supreme Council of Russia approved the institution of the title of Hero Russian Federation.

The principal difference of the title of Hero of Russia from the Soviet Predecessor is that it is assigned only once.

In this case, the continuity of the two higher degrees differences is confirmed by the fact that at once four heroes of the Soviet Union and the heroes of the Russian Federation are cosmonauts Sergey Cricalev and Valery Polyakov, scientific and polar star Arthur Chiligarov and military pilot Nikolai Maidanov.

Among the heroes of the Soviet Union were representatives of many nationalities of a large country - Russians, Ukrainians, Belarusians, Tatars, Jews, Azerbaijanis, Chechens, Yakuts and many others.

No wonder that in many republics former USSRA similar title was established by independent states. Including Russia, it exists in 11 of the 15 states on the expanses of the former USSR.

Hero of the Soviet Union - how proudly these words sound. This honorary title could only receive elected, who distinguished themselves to certain merits or made a feat. The Central Executive Committee 16.04.1934 for the first time established the title of "Hero of the USSR". Awarded the star of the Hero of the Soviet Union was issued. Let's remember how many heroes were, who first got a medal and much more.

All about the highest award

The most important award of the USSR - Star - appeared in 1939. At first she was as an additional sign of distinction for those who won the highest degree of differences. Then she was called differently: "Golden Star." It is made of gold, sample 950, and on its reverse side it is written "Hero of the USSR".

The gold medal was given for special merits and for the performers. The heroes called those who shot down airplanes (at least 15 pieces), saved people. Air arrows-bombers could get a "gold star" for 8 enemy aircraft shot down in the air.

The youngest Hero of the Soviet Union - Parisan Valentin Kotik. At that time he was 14 years old, but he was a brave pioneer. In 1943, the cat was able to kill the officer and raise anxiety. Thanks to him, the enemies were discovered and broken.

Today, the star "-" Hero of the Soviet Union "- you can even find on sale, at the antiques of the shadow merchants. Of course, it stands notice.

Anatoly Lyapidevsky - famous soviet pilot. He was a major general aviation. Today, almost no one remembers about him, but in vain. After all, he was the first hero of the Soviet Union. Anatoly Lyapidevsky received the medal "Golden Star" - "Hero of the Soviet Union" - had 3 orders of Lenin and many other awards. He received a star in April 1934 for the salvation of the Mennikov-Chelyuskintsev. He was looking for them, making 29 flights in bad weather (there was a terrible blizzard ). In March, he still found them, planted a plane on a thin icecline and saved 12 people, among them - women and two children. Then he participated in the Great Patriotic War, where he received his rewards.

Many believe that the first hero of the Soviet Union went too trite from life. Such a difficult and thorny passed the path and survived. And then he was at the funeral of the colleague, where he was very cold. He could not cure him, and on April 29, 1983 he died.

In honor of Lyapidevsky A. V. released the postal stamp of the USSR in 1935. Many streets of his name are named in Russia and Ukraine. In school, where the first hero of the Soviet Union was studied, and in 1990, a monument was put in the village of White clay in the village in the village.

There were few of them, only 95 people who were honored by this title. Some women - the Heroes of the Soviet Union were able to even get the title twice. Some awarded posthumously, others live today. Let's remember who had a "Golden Star" award of the Hero of the Soviet Union.

The first woman who received the high title of the Hero of the USSR is Zoya Kosmodemyanskaya. She was awarded the medal posthumously. Zoe managed to burn the communications of the Germans, thanks to which they could not interact with their parts. The next time Zoe also tried to arrange arson, but she failed. She was caught and became brutally torturing. However, Zoe did not even say his name. It turned out to be a real guerrilla. When she was led to the gallows, all the beaten, in the blood, she went with proudly raised head. When she was preparing for hanging, she managed to shout that the Soviet Union did not win the Soviet Union, and her comrades would distort his fighting girlfriend. So it turned out. And after it received high title and other heroic women.

Maria Bida - worked as a sanitary instructor in the second battalion. It was 514 rifle regiment.

Gnilytskaya Nina - was a scout at 383 rifle Division.

Natalia bucket - was very good sniper In the 528 rifle shelf (Red Army, awarded posthumously).

Tatyana Kostina - lance Sergeant, excellent sniper 691 rifle regiment.

Elena Stembkovskaya - Junior Sergeant, awarded posthumously. Was a radio line in 216 rifle shelf.

Maria Semenovna Polivanova - Krasnoamec, was a sniper in the 528 rifle shelf.

Svetlana Savitskaya - she was awarded twice. This is the first cosmonaut woman who came into open space. - Major Aviation. In 1993, she retired.

All these women are the heroes of the Soviet Union, which are worthy of respect. After all, they passed a very hard and nice way.

Lyodkov Leonid Mikhailovich, the commander of the diver group, turned out to be the last hero, who was issued by the "Golden Star" Hero for the successful implementation of the special purpose. Leonid showed himself courageous, showed heroism and in December 1991 he was assigned the title of "Hero of the Soviet Union".

After Solodkov had a high title, the next day did not become the Soviet Union. Thus, Leonid Mikhailovich turned out to be the last hero. They gave him a reward 22 days after the collapse of the Soviet Union.

Unfortunately, the "Golden Star" of the Hero of the Soviet Union never averaged anyone else.

In all the existence of the USSR, about 13,000 people were awarded the honorary title of "Hero of the Soviet Union". Some have deprived this privilege for the discharge actions (72 cases). Two times were awarded 154 people. Kozhevube, Tashkin and Budne received awards three times. There are two people who were awarded 4 times for merit to the Motherland - L. I. Brezhnev and G. K. Zhukov.

All these heroes distinguished themselves with their merits before the Soviet Union and Public. They in one way or another committed the feats that respect for respect. The star of the Hero of the Soviet Union was obtained by them in fairness.

Even before such an honorary title received 626 citizens. All other heroes appeared from the beginning of the Great Patriotic War. These were not only Russian or Ukrainian citizens, but also representatives of other nationalities, of which 44 people received the "Golden Star".

You can bring in an example and other names that may not be so often sounded.

Pavel Shcherbinko - Lieutenant Colonel, who was a commander in the anti-tank artillery shelf.

Vladimir Aksyonov - Engineer on board spacecraft. He has two "golden stars."

Stepan Artömenko - was the commander in rifle battalion., twice awarded for fighting feats.

Leonid trouble - at first he was an assistant commander, and then began to command the 75th Guards regiment. He was awarded twice the gold medal of the hero.

Athanasius Pavlandevich Beloborodov - He commanded the 43rd army and was awarded twice a medal.

Mikhail Bondarenko - was the commander and navigator in the aviation regiment, for which he was twice awarded high title.

Anatoly Brands - first was the deputy commander, and then he began to head the Aviation Regiment squadron himself. He deserved two times the gold medal.

Vladislav Volkov - was an engineer aboard the spacecraft, he was awarded twice.

Arseny Vorozheikin - commanded squadrons in a fighter aviation regiment, had two gold medals ..

Vasily Glazunov - was a commander in the Guards Rifle Corps. He was awarded twice the gold medal and high rank.

Sergey Denisov - commanded a detachment of fighter aviation brigades.

Vasily Zaitsev - Navigator and commander in the Guards Fighter Aviation Regiment. He was Major Guard and twice received the title of "Hero of the USSR".

That's how many heroes of the Soviet Union. And that is not all. We listed the most famous that were famous for their courage and heroism.

What benefits were given to citizens who received the honorary title?

To date, there are certain privileges for citizens who have this title. Benefits for the heroes of the Soviet Union, which were at the USSR:

1. They are exempt from various types of taxes, fees and other contributions to the budget.

2. In medical institutions, the Heroes of the USSR have the right to be treated for free.

3. Free travel on all types of urban and suburban transport (taxis is not included here).

4. Their state should provide free medicines with home delivery (if the doctor has made the necessary conclusion).

5. Free treatment and dental prosthetics (only in state dentistry).

6. Every year they must issue a free track in a sanatorium or a pre-selection.

7. Heroes are entitled to benefits for payment for utilities and housing.

8. They have the right to get a telephone connection without queue.

9. Children of Heroes have the right to submit relevant documents to the service of ritual services to bury their parents at the expense of the state.

10. In case the hero died, and his child is studying on day branch, then the state is obliged to pay the child a cash reserve.

Conclusion

The award "Hero of the Soviet Union" was obtained by those citizens who really deserved it. It is they who teach us to love their homeland. They served to her and were ready to risk life, if only their compatriots were fine. How can you forget the zoo cosmodemyanskaya, which is last sigh Screamed the Germans in the face as she hates them and knows that the Soviet Union will win. She was punched with sticks, rods, disappeared nails, but the Germans did not even recognize her real name. There were thousands of such heroes. They knew who were fighting and what was defending. Heroes who received a reward in the USSR were brave, decisive and they are worthy of great respect.

Today there are fewer patriots who are ready to give their lives for their homeland. Thoughts and views of people became completely different. Perhaps this is because the time is calmer, not that in the Great Patriotic War. Yes, many do not understand why to fight, if you can live peacefully. But, as they say, each his own.

By the decision of the USSR CEC dated July 29, 1936, the provision on the title of the Hero of the Soviet Union was approved.

The star of the Hero of the USSR and the Order of the USSR Supreme Council of the Presidium of the USSR Supreme Soviet of August 1, 1939 in order to special differences between citizens awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union and making new heroic feats, establish a "Golden Star" medal, having a form five-pointed star.

The first medal was awarded the hero of the Soviet Union by the polar pilot A.S. Lyapidevsky. During the Great Patriotic War, one of the first to the highest degree of differences were awarded fighter pilots M.P. Zhukov. S.I. Healthy and P.T. Haritons who committed their feats in the sky near Leningrad.

Regulations on the title of Hero of the Soviet Union.

The title of Hero of the Soviet Union is the highest degree of differences and is assigned to personal or collective services to the Soviet state and society associated with the commission of the heroic feat.

The title of Hero of the Soviet Union is assigned by the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR.

The Hero of the Soviet Union is awarded:

the highest award of the USSR - Order of Lenin;

Sign of special differences - Medal "Golden Star";

Mrink of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR.

Hero of the Soviet Union, who committed a secondary heroic feat, no less, for which others who committed such a feat, honor the title of Hero of the Soviet Union, is awarded the Order of Lenin and the second medal "Golden Star" and to commemorate his features a bronze bust of the hero with an appropriate inscription, Installed in his homeland, what is being recorded in the decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR on awarding.

Hero of the Soviet Union, awarded by two medals "Golden Star", for the new heroic exploits, similar to previously perfect, may be again awarded the Order Lenin and Medal "Golden Star".

With awarding the Hero of the Soviet Union, Lenin's Order and the Medal "Golden Star", at the same time with the Order and the medal gives the diploma of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR.

In the event that the Hero of the Soviet Union will be awarded the title of Hero of Socialist Labor, then a bronze bust of the hero with an appropriate inscription, installed in his homeland, is built into commemoration of his heroic and employment, established in his homeland, what is being recorded in the decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR on the assignment of the title of Hero of the Socialist Labor.

Heroes of the Soviet Union enjoy benefits established by law.

The medal "Golden Star" Hero of the Soviet Union is on the left side of the chest over the orders and medals of the USSR.

The deprivation of the title of the Hero of the Soviet Union can be produced only by the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR.

More than 11,600 soldiers, officers and the generals of the Red Army, partisans and underground workers were awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union for the acceptance committed during the Great Patriotic War.

The first three medals were awarded a military pilot of the Hero of the Soviet Union A.I. Tincan.

Among the distinction of a lot of foreigners awarded the highest degree. The title of the Hero of the Soviet Union received four French pilots "Normandy-Neman" regiment: Marseille Albert. Rolland de la Puap, Jacques Andre, Marcel Lefevre. It was posthumously awarded the title of Jan Nacchatka, the commander of the partisan detachment, consisting of Czechs and Slovaks.

Among the post-war heroes of the Soviet Union were the pilots of the 64th Fighter Aviation Corps who fought in North Korea against the American and South Korean Ass.

On June 8, 1960, the title of Hero of the Soviet Union was assigned to the Spaniard Ramon Mscadera, who arrived in the USSR from Mexico after serving a 20-year sentence for the murder of Lion Trotsky, committed to them in 1940 by order of Stalin. A year later, Fidel Castro and President Egypt Nasser became the heroes of the USSR.

For the exploits committed during the war years. The title of the Hero of the Soviet Union was awarded defender Brest Fortress Major P.M. Gavrilova, the hero of the French resistance of Lieutenant Girika (posthumously), the cavaller of the Italian resistance medal of Polezhaev (posthumously). Lieutenant Lieutenant In 1945, he made an escape from captivity to Canya German Bomber. Instead of the award, he was put in the camp, as a "traitor". In 1957 he was awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union. In 1964, the hero was the intelligence officer Richard Zorge (posthumously).

How many heroes were in the USSR during the Great Patriotic War

What can be told by dry statistics on the number of honored title Hero of the Soviet Union and full cavaliers Order of Glory

Heroes of the Soviet Union of the 5th Army, awarded this title for battles in Eastern Prussia. Photo: Waralbum.ru.

How many heroes of the Great Patriotic War were in the Soviet Union? It would seem a strange question. In survival scary tragedy XX century Country Hero was anyone who defended her with a weapon in his hands on the front or at the machine and in the field in the rear. That is, each of its 170 millionth multinational people, who ruled the burden of war on his shoulders.

But if you distract from the bag and return to the specifics, the question can be formulated otherwise. How was the Hero man in the USSR? True, the title of "Hero of the Soviet Union". And after 31 years after the war, another sign of heroism appeared: with the heroes of the Soviet Union, the full cavaliers of the Order of Glory were equalized, that is, awarded all three degrees of this award. It turns out that the question "How many heroes of the Great Patriotic War was in the Soviet Union?" It is more accurate to formulate: "How many people in the USSR were awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union and became full cavaliers of the Order of Glory for the exploits committed during the Great Patriotic War?".

This question can be obtained a completely concrete answer: a total of 14,411 people, of which 11,739 Heroes of the Soviet Union and 2672 complete cavaliers of the Order of Glory.

The first heroes of the Soviet Union during the war years

The number of heroes of the Soviet Union, who received this title for the feats during the Great Patriotic War, - 11 739. The title was assigned to posthumously 3051 of them; 82 people were devoid of titles in the future by the court decision. 107 Heroes were awarded this title twice (seven - posthumously), three - three times: Marshal Semyon Budyanny (all the awards occurred after the war), Lieutenant Colonel Alexander Tashkin and Major Ivan Kozhevub. And only one - Marshal Georgy Zhukov - became four times the hero of the Soviet Union, and he earned one award before the Great Patriotic War, and for the fourth time he received it in 1956.

Among the honored title Hero of the Soviet Union during the Great Patriotic War were representatives of all kinds and types of troops in the ranks from ordinary to Marshal. And every kind of troops - whether infantrymen, pilots or sailors are proud of the first colleagues who received the highest honorary title.

Pilots

The first titles of the Hero of the Soviet Union pilots were assigned on July 8, 1941. And here, the pilots supported the tradition: six pilots were the first heroes of the Soviet Union in the history of this award - and three pilots were first awarded this title during the Great Patriotic War!

On July 8, 1941, it was assigned to the fighters pilots of the 158th Fighter Airport of the 41st Mixed Aviation Device of the Air Force of the 23rd Army of the Northern Front. The younger lieutenants Mikhail Zhukov, Stepan Healthy, and Peter Kharitonov received awards for the Taranians committed in the early days of the war. Stepan Healthy died the day after the award, Mikhail Zhukov died in January 1943 in a fight with nine German fighters, and Peter Kharitonov, heavily wounded in 1941 and returned to operation only in 1944, finished the war, having a bill of 14 destroyed Oppon aircraft.

Infantry

The first hero of the Soviet Union among the infantrymen on July 22, 1941 was the commander of the 1st Moscow Motor Sports Division of the 20th Army Western Front Colonel Yakov Crazer. He was awarded for the successful departure of the Germans on the Berezina River and in battles for Orsha. It is noteworthy that Colonel Crazer became the first among the people of the Jews who received the highest award during the war years.

Tankers

On July 22, 1941, the country's highest awards received three tankers at once - the commander of the Tank of the 1st Tank Regiment 1st tank Division The 14th Army of the Northern Front Senior Sergeant Alexander Borisov, commander of the 163rd intelligence battalion of the 104th rifle division of the 14th Army of the Northern Front Junior Sergeant Alexander Mudzov (his title was assigned posthumously) and deputy commander tank battalion The 115th Tank Regiment of the 57th Tank Division of the 20th Army of the Western Front Captain Joseph Kaduchenko. Senior Sergeant Borisov in a week and a half after the award passed away in the hospital from heavy wounds. Captain Kaduchenko managed to visit the lists of the dead, in October 1941 he captured, tried to flee three times and was released only in March 1945, after which he fought until the victory.

Sappers

Among the fighters and commanders of the sperm parts, the first hero of the Soviet Union was on November 20, 1941, an assistant commander of the platoon of the 184th separate saccharmal battalion of the 7th Army of the Northern Front Private Victor Karandakov. In battle under the sorting against the Finnish parts, he reflected three enemy attacks from his machine gun, which actually saved the regiment from the environment, the next day he headed the counterattack of the department instead of the wounded commander, and another two days he made a wounded commander of the company from under the fire. In April 1942, the sapper lost in battles was demobilized.

Artilleryrs.

On August 2, 1941, the first artillers - the Hero of the Soviet Union became the gunner of the "Sorokovytkov" of the 680th Rifle Regiment of the 169th Rifle Division of the 18th Army of the Southern Front of Krasnoarmets Yakov Kolchak. On July 13, 1941, he was able to hit four enemy tanks from his gun in the hour of the battle! But the assignment of high rank of Yakov did not find out: July 23, he was injured and captured. They freed him in August 1944 in Moldova, and to the victory of Kolchak reached the penalty area, where he fought first by the shooter, and then the commander of the department. A high award is a former strand, on whose chest, the Order of the Red Star and the Medal "For Combat Meritages", received in the Kremlin only on March 25, 1947.

Partisans

The leaders of the partisan squad "Red October" were the first heroes of the Soviet Union from among the partisans, operating on the territory of Belarus: Commissar of the Tikhon Papers and commander Fyodor Pavlovsky. Decree on their award was signed on August 6, 1941. Of the two heroes, only one - Fyodor Pavlovsky lived to victory, and the Commissioner of the Red October squad, Tikhon Papers, managed to get his award in Moscow, died in December of the same year, leaving the German environment.

Sea infantry

On August 13, 1941, the title of the Hero of the Soviet Union was awarded the commander of the Department of the Sea Volunteer Detachment of the Northern Fleet Senior Sergeant Vasily Kislyakov. He received a high award for his actions in mid-July 1941, when he headed the platoon instead of the murdered commander and first, together with his comrades, and then one kept an important height. By the end of the war, there were several landings on the North Front, participation in Petsmo-Kirkenes, Budapest and Vienna offensive operations.

Politrucki

The first decree assigning the title of the Hero of the Soviet Union by the political workers of the Red Army was published on August 15, 1941. This document of the highest award was awarded the deputy polytruck of the Ranioretum of the 415th Separate Battalion of the 22nd Estonian Territorial Rifle Corps of the North-Western Front Arnold Mary and the Secretary of the Party Bureau of the 245th Gaubic Artillery Regiment of the 37th Rifle Division of the 19th Army of the Western Front Senior Polituk Kirill Osipov. Mary was awarded for the fact that, twice wounded, managed to stop the digression of the battalion and headed the defense of the headquarters of the corps. Osipov in July-August 1941 actually worked as a connected command of the division, fought surrounded, and several times passed the front line, delivering important information.

Doctors

Among the army doctors who received the title of Hero of the Soviet Union, the first was the sanitary instructor of the 14th motorized rifle shelf The 21st Motorized Relice Division of the NKVD Troops of the Northern Front Private Anatoly Kokorin. High award was assigned to him on August 26, 1941 - posthumously. During the battle with the Finns, he remained the last in the ranks and undermined himself a grenade to not be captured.

Border guards

Although Soviet border guards were the first to take over the enemy blow on June 22, 1941, the Heroes of the Soviet Union among them appeared only two months later. But at once, six people: Junior Sergeant Ivan Buzyitkov, Lieutenant Kuzma Vetchkin, senior lieutenant Nikita Kaymanov, senior lieutenant Alexander Konstantinov, Junior Sergeant Vasily Mikhalkov and Lieutenant Anatoly Ryzhikov. Five of them served in Moldova, senior lieutenant Kaymanov - in Karelia. All six received awards for their heroic actions in the first days of the war - which, in general, is not surprising. And all the six reached the end of the war and continued the service after the victory - in the same border troops.

SONSTRUCTIONS

The first hero of the Soviet Union among the telecommists appeared on November 9, 1941 - they became the commander of the radio station of the 289th fighter-anti-tank regiment of the Western Front Junior Sergeant Peter Stemasov. He was awarded for his feat on October 25 near Moscow - during the battle replaced the wounded gunner of the gun and, together with the calculation, nine enemy tanks were charged, after which he brought fighters from the environment. And then fought to the victory, which he met by an officer.

Cavalurists

On the same day as the first hero, the first hero of the cavalider appeared. On November 9, 1941, the title of Hero of the Soviet Union was posthumously assigned to the commander of the 134th Cavalry Regiment 28th cavalry Division The reserve army of the southern front Major Boris Krotov. He was awarded the highest awards for exploits during the defense of Dnepropetrovsk. What difficulties were those fights, you can imagine one episode: the last feat of the compolat was the undermining of the enemy tank, broke into the depths of defense.

Paratroopers

"Winged infantry" found its first heroes of the Soviet Union on November 20, 1941. They became the commander of the department of exploration company of the 212th airborne brigade of the 37th Army of the South-Western Front Sergeant Yakov Vatomov and the shooter of the same brigade Nikolai Obukhov. Both received a reward for the exploits in August-September 1941, when the paratroopers led heavy battles in the east of Ukraine.

Sailors

Later, only January 17, 1942 - the first hero of the Soviet Union appeared in the Soviet Navy Fleet. A posthumously high award was awarded the shooter of the 2nd volunteer detachment of seamen of the Northern Fleet of the Red Fleets Ivan Sivko. His feat that the country appreciated so highly, Ivan made a large western facial in the lip of a sadly famous landing. Covering the waste of colleagues, he, fighting alone, destroyed 26 enemies, and then hesified himself with a grenade along with the surrounding nicknames.

General

The first honored title Hero of the Soviet Union by General of the Red Army began on July 22, 1941, the commander of the 19th Tank Division of the 22nd Multi-Cropus Commander of the 5th Army of the South-Western Front General Major Kuzma Semenchenko. His Division took an active part in the largest tank Battle The Great Patriotic War - the battle of Dubno - and after heavy battles came to the environment, but the general was able to bring his subordinates through the front line. By mid-August 1941, only one tank remained in the division, and in early September she was disbanded. And General Semenchenko reached the end of the war and retired in the same rank in 1947, in which he began to fight.

"The fight is not for the sake of glory ..."

During the Great Patriotic War, there was the most honorable soldier's award - the Order of Fame. And her tape, and her statute very much resembled another soldiers' award - the sign of the honors of St. George, "Soldier's Highria", especially revered in the army Russian Empire. In total, the Order of Glory for a year and a half of the war - from the moment of its establishment on November 8, 1943 and to victory - and in the post-war time more than a million people were awarded. Of these, almost a million - the Order of the third degree, over 46 thousand - the second, and 2672 people are the first degree, they became complete cavaliers of the Order.

Of the 2672 full cavaliers of the Order of Glory 16 people in the future for various reasons were deprived of awards by court decision. Among those deviated was the only cavalier of five orders of Glory - the 3rd, three 2nd and 1st degree. In addition, 72 people were presented to the four orders of fame, but, as a rule, did not receive an "excess" award.

The first complete cavaliers of the Order of the Glory of the Sapper 1134th Rifle Regiment of the 338th Rifle Division Efreitor Mitrofan Pitenin and the Commander of the 190th Separate Intelligence Rota of the 158th Rifle Division Senior Sergeant Shevchenko. Efreitor Pitenin was presented to the first Order in November 1943 for battles in Belarus, to the second - in April 1944, and the third in July of the same year. But getting the last award did not have time: on August 3, he died in battle. And Senior Sergeant Shevchenko received all three orders in 1944: in February, April and July. He graduated from the war in 1945 in the rank of senior and soon demobilized, returning home not only with three orders of glory on his chest, but also with the orders of the Red Star and the Patriotic War of both degrees.

And there were also four people who received both signs of the highest recognition of military heroism - and the title of Hero of the Soviet Union, and the title of full cavaller of the Order of Glory. The first is the senior pilot of the 140th Guards Assault Aviation Regiment of the 8th Guards Storm aviation Division The 1st assault aircraft building of the 5th Air Army Guard Senior Lieutenant Ivan Drachenko. He received the title of Hero of the Soviet Union in 1944, and the full cavalier of the Order of Glory became after the redemption (double rewarding of the Order of the 2nd degree) in 1968.

The second is the commander of the gun of the 369th separate fighter-anti-tank artillery division of the 263rd Rifle division of the 43rd army of the 3rd Belarusian Front Starin Nikolay Kuznetsov. In April 1945, he received the title of Hero of the Soviet Union, and after the redeference in 1980 (double rewarding the Order of the 2nd degree) became a complete cavalier of the Order of Glory.

The third was the commander of the instrument calculation of the 175th Guards Artillery and Mortar Regiment of the 4th Guards Cavalry Division of the 2nd Guards Cavalry Corps of the 1st Belarusian Front Senior Sergeant Andrei Aleshin. He became the hero of the Soviet Union at the end of May 1945, and a full cavalier of the Order of Glory - after the redemption (double rewarding of the Order of the 3rd degree) in 1955.

Finally, the fourth - the head of the 293rd Guards Rifle Regiment of the 96th Guards Rifle Division of the 28th Army of the 3rd Belorussian Front Guard Starshina Pavel Dubinda. He is perhaps the most unusual fate of all four heroes. Sailor, he served on the cruiser "Chervona Ukraine" on the Black Sea, after the death of the ship - in the marine infantry, defended Sevastopol. Here and was captured, from which he fled and in March 1944 was again credited to acting army, but already in the infantry. A complete cavalier of the Order of Glory became by March 1945, and in June of the same year he received the title of Hero of the Soviet Union. By the way, among his awards there was a rare Order of Bogdan Khmelnitsky 3rd degree - a kind of "soldier's" commander Order.

Multinational heroism Soviet people

The Soviet Union was a truly multinational country: in the data of the last pre-war census of 1939, 95 nationalities appear, not counting the Count "Others" (other nations of the North, other nations of Dagestan). Naturally, among the heroes of the Soviet Union and full cavaliers of the Order of Glory were representatives of almost all Soviet peoples. Among the first - 67 nationalities, among the second (according to obviously incomplete data) - 39 peoples.

The number of heroes marked with higher titles, among one or another nationality as a whole corresponds to the attitude of the number of tribesmen to total number pre-war USSR. So, the leaders in all lists were Russians, the Ukrainians and Belarusians follow them. But further the situation is different. For example, in the first ten award-awarded Hero of the Soviet Union for Russians, Ukrainians and Belarusians follow (in order) Tatars, Jews, Kazakhs, Armenians, Georgians, Uzbeks and Mordva. And in the top ten complete cavaliers of the Order of Glory after Russian, Ukrainians and Belarusians are (also in order) Tatars, Kazakhs, Armenians, Mordva, Uzbeks, Chuvashi and Jews.

But to judge on these statistical data, what kind of people were more heroic, and as less meaningless. First, many of the nationalities of the heroes were randomly, and even intentionally indicated incorrectly or absent (let's say, the nationality often hid the Germans and Jews, and the option " crimean Tatar"In the 1939 census documents, it was simply not). And secondly, even today, there are many documents regarding the awarding of the heroes of the Great Patriotic War. This colossal topic is still waiting for his researcher, who will surely confirm: heroism is the property of each individual, and not the other people.

The National Composition of the Heroes of the Soviet Union, who received this title for the feats during the Great Patriotic War *

Russians - 7998 (including 70 - twice, 2 - three times and 1 - four times)

Ukrainians - 2019 (including 28 - twice),

Belarusians - 274 (including 4 - twice),

Tatars - 161.

Jews - 128 (including 1 - twice)

Kazakhs - 98 (including 1 - twice)

Armenians - 91 (including 2 - twice)

Georgians - 90.

Uzbeks - 67.

Mordva - 66.

Chuvashi - 47.

Azerbaijanis - 41 (including 1 - twice)

Bashkirs - 40 (including 1 - twice)

Ossetians - 34 (including 1 - twice)

Markets - 18.

Turkmen - 16.

Lithuanians - 15.

Tajiks - 15.

Latvians - 12.

Kyrgyz - 12.

Karelia - 11 (including 1 - twice)

Udmurts - 11.

Estonians - 11.

Avars - 9.

Poles - 9.

Buryats and Mongols - 8

Kalmyki - 8.

Kabardians - 8.

Crimean Tatars - 6 (including 1 - twice)

Chechens - 6.

Moldovans - 5.

Abkhaza - 4.

Lezgins - 4.

French - 4.

Karachay - 3.

Tuvintsy - 3.

Circassians - 3.

Balcarians -2.

Bulgarians - 2.

Dargins - 2.

Kumykov - 2.

Khakasi - 2.

Abazinets - 1.

Adjarez - 1.

Altaca - 1.

Assyrian - 1.

Spaniard - 1.

Chinese (Dungalin) - 1

Korean - 1.

Slovak - 1.

Tuwinets - 1.

The national composition of full cavaliers of the Order of Glory, who received this title for feats during the Great Patriotic War **

Russians - 1276.

Ukrainians - 285.

Belarusians - 62.

Tatars - 48.

Kazakhs - 30.

Armenians - 19.

Mordva - 16.

Uzbeks - 12.

Chuvashi - 11.

Azerbaijanis - 8.

Bashkirs - 7.

Kyrgyz - 7.

Udmurts - 6.

Turkmen - 5.

Buryats - 4.

Georgians - 4.

Markets - 3.

Poles - 3.

Karelia - 2.

Latvians - 2.

Moldovans - 2.

Ossetians - 2.

Tajiks - 2.

Khakasi - 2.

Abazinets - 1.

Kabardian - 1.

Kalmyk - 1.

CHINA - 1.

Crimean Tatar - 1

Lithuanian -1.

Meskhetian Turk - 1

Chechen - 1.

according to Redblogger

The Medal of the Golden Star - what we need to know and what is the essential difference between the Golden Star from the Hero Hero of the Soviet Union.

The highest difference in the USSR was the title of the Hero of the Soviet Union. He was honored by citizens who committed a feat during combat operations or distinguished by other outstanding merits to the homeland. As an exception could be assigned in peacetime.

The title of Hero of the Soviet Union was established by the decision of the USSR CEC dated April 16, 1934.

Later, on August 1, 1939, as an additional sign of distinction, for the Heroes of the USSR, the medal "Golden Star" was approved, in the form of a five-pointed star fixed on a rectangular block.

At the same time, it was found that the decent title of the Hero who had repeatedly had a decent "Golden Star" medal was awarded. With a rewarding, his bronze bust was installed on the Hero's homeland. The number of awards by the title of the Hero of the Soviet Union was not limited.

More than 90 percent of the total number of heroes of the Soviet Union appeared in the country during the Great Patriotic War. This high rank was awarded 11 thousand 657 people, of which 3051 - posthumously. In this list, 107 fighters that have become twice with heroes (7 awarded posthumously), and 90 women (49 - posthumously) were also awarded.

On the picture: Three times Heroes of the Soviet Union (from left to right) Major General Aviation Aviation Tashkin A.I., Marshal of the Soviet Union Zhukov G.K. And Major General Aviation Kozdadub I.N. During a meeting in Moscow. A photograph provided Igor Bozhkov.

As a Pskov peasant repeated the feat of Susanin

Attack hitler's Germany On the USSR caused an unprecedented podriotism.

The Great War brought a lot of grief, but she also opened the height of courage and character hardness, seemingly ordinary ordinary people.

So, who could expect heroism from the elderly Pskov peasant Matthew Kuzmin. In the first days of the war, he came to the draft board, but there he was dismissed - too old: "Go, grandfather, to grandchildren, we will understand without you."

Meanwhile, the front was inexorably shifted east. In the village of Kurakino, where Kuzmin lived, the Germans entered.

In February 1942, the elderly peasant was unexpectedly summoned to the commandant in the commander - the commander of the 1st Mornetral Division, the Kuzmin - an excellent tracker, perfectly knowing the terrain and ordered him to assist the fascists - to hold a German squad in the rear of the best battalion of the Soviet 3rd shock army .

"You will do everything as it should - I will pay well, and if not, the peary on yourself ...". "Yes, of course, of course, do not mind worrying, your graduate" - the Kuzmin felt preferably.

But after an hour, the tricky peasant sent the grandson with the note to our: "The Germans ordered a detachment to you in the rear, in the morning they assign them to the development of the village of Malkino, meet."

In the same evening, the fascist detachment with his conductor went on the road. Kuzmin drove the Nazis circles and deliberately exhausted the invaders: forced to climb the hills with steep slopes and getting through a thick shrub. "Well, you can do, your gradually, well, there is no other way here ...".

At dawn, tired and frozen fascists were on the fork in Malkino. "All guys came." "How come!?" "And so, here will rest and there will be visible ...". The Germans looked around - they walked the whole night, but moved from Kurakino just a couple of kilometers and now stood on the road in an open field, and twenty meters before them there was a forest, where, now they understood that, there was a Soviet ambush.

"Ah you ..." - german officer I grabbed a gun and discharged the whole clip in the old man. But at the same second, a rifle volley broke out of the forest, then another one, the Soviet machine guns were shot dead, the mortar denounced. The fascists rushed, shouted, randomly shot in all directions, but none of them gone alive.

The hero was killed and took with him 250 Hitler's occupiers. Matvey Kuzmin, born three years before the abolition of serfdom, became the most elderly hero of the Soviet Union. At that time he was 83 years old.

Matvey Kuzmin

Such examples of the set. This patriotism is laid in each of us, regardless of age. More about patriotism in Russia

By the decision of the USSR CEC dated July 29, 1936, the provision on the title of the Hero of the Soviet Union was approved.

By decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR of August 1, 1939, in order to special differences between citizens awarded the title of the Hero of the Soviet Union and making new heroic feats, establish a "Golden Star" medal, having a form of a five-pointed star.

The first medal was awarded the hero of the Soviet Union by the polar pilot A.S. Lyapidevsky. During the Great Patriotic War, one of the first to the highest degree of differences were awarded fighter pilots M.P. Zhukov. S.I. Healthy and P.T. Haritons who committed their feats in the sky near Leningrad.

Regulations on the title of Hero of the Soviet Union.

The title of Hero of the Soviet Union is the highest degree of differences and is assigned to personal or collective services to the Soviet state and society associated with the commission of the heroic feat.

The title of Hero of the Soviet Union is assigned by the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR.

The Hero of the Soviet Union is awarded:

Hero of the Soviet Union, who committed a secondary heroic feat, no less, for which others who committed such a feat, honor the title of Hero of the Soviet Union, is awarded the Order of Lenin and the second medal "Golden Star" and to commemorate his features a bronze bust of the hero with an appropriate inscription, Installed in his homeland, what is being recorded in the decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR on awarding.

Hero of the Soviet Union, awarded by two medals "Golden Star", for the new heroic exploits, similar to previously perfect, can be awarded again awarded the Order of Lenin and the "Golden Star" medal.

With awarding the Hero of the Soviet Union, Lenin's Order and the Medal "Golden Star", at the same time with the Order and the medal gives the diploma of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR.

In the event that the Hero of the Soviet Union will be awarded the title of Hero of Socialist Labor, then a bronze bust of the hero with an appropriate inscription, installed in his homeland, is built into commemoration of his heroic and employment, established in his homeland, what is being recorded in the decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR on the assignment of the title of Hero of the Socialist Labor.

Heroes of the Soviet Union enjoy benefits established by law.

The medal "Golden Star" Hero of the Soviet Union is on the left side of the chest over the orders and medals of the USSR.

The deprivation of the title of the Hero of the Soviet Union can be produced only by the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR.

More than 11,600 soldiers, officers and the generals of the Red Army, partisans and underground workers were awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union for the acceptance committed during the Great Patriotic War.

The first three medals were awarded a military pilot of the Hero of the Soviet Union A.I. Tincan.

Among the distinction of a lot of foreigners awarded the highest degree. The title of the Hero of the Soviet Union received four French pilots "Normandy-Neman" regiment: Marseille Albert. Rolland de la Puap, Jacques Andre, Marcel Lefevre. It was posthumously awarded the title of Jan Nacchatka, the commander of the partisan detachment, consisting of Czechs and Slovaks.

Among the post-war heroes of the Soviet Union were the pilots of the 64th Fighter Aviation Corps who fought in North Korea against the American and South Korean Aces.

On June 8, 1960, the title of Hero of the Soviet Union was assigned to the Spaniard Ramon Mscadera, who arrived in the USSR from Mexico after serving a 20-year sentence for the murder of Lion Trotsky, committed to them in 1940 by order of Stalin. A year later, Fidel Castro and President Egypt Nasser became the heroes of the USSR.

For the exploits committed during the war years. The title of Hero of the Soviet Union was awarded the defender of the Brest Fortress of Major P.M. Gavrilova, the hero of the French resistance of Lieutenant Girika (posthumously), the cavaller of the Italian resistance medal of Polezhaev (posthumously). Lieutenant Lieutenant In 1945, he made an escape from captivity to Canya German Bomber. Instead of the award, he was put in the camp, as a "traitor". In 1957 he was awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union. In 1964, the hero was the intelligence officer Richard Zorge (posthumously). At M.S. Gorbachev was awarded the title of Hero the famous Marinesko submariner, undeservedly forgotten after the war. sources

How many heroes were in the USSR during the Great Patriotic War

What can tell the dry statistics on the number of honored ranks of the Hero of the Soviet Union and full cavaliers of the Order of Glory

Heroes of the Soviet Union of the 5th Army, awarded this title for battles in Eastern Prussia. Photo: Waralbum.ru.

How many heroes of the Great Patriotic War were in the Soviet Union? It would seem a strange question. In the country's terrible tragedy of the 20th century, hero was everyone who defended her with a weapon in his hands on the front or from the machine and in the field in the rear. That is, each of its 170 millionth multinational people, who ruled the burden of war on his shoulders.

But if you distract from the bag and return to the specifics, the question can be formulated otherwise. How was the Hero man in the USSR? True, the title of "Hero of the Soviet Union". And after 31 years after the war, another sign of heroism appeared: with the heroes of the Soviet Union, the full cavaliers of the Order of Glory were equalized, that is, awarded all three degrees of this award. It turns out that the question "How many heroes of the Great Patriotic War was in the Soviet Union?" It is more accurate to formulate: "How many people in the USSR were awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union and became full cavaliers of the Order of Glory for the exploits committed during the Great Patriotic War?".

This question can be obtained a completely concrete answer: a total of 14,411 people, of which 11,739 Heroes of the Soviet Union and 2672 complete cavaliers of the Order of Glory.

The number of heroes of the Soviet Union, who received this title for the feats during the Great Patriotic War, - 11 739. The title was assigned to posthumously 3051 of them; 82 people were devoid of titles in the future by the court decision. 107 Heroes were awarded this title twice (seven - posthumously), three - three times: Marshal Semyon Budyanny (all the awards occurred after the war), Lieutenant Colonel Alexander Tashkin and Major Ivan Kozhevub. And only one - Marshal Georgy Zhukov - became four times the hero of the Soviet Union, and he earned one award before the Great Patriotic War, and for the fourth time he received it in 1956.

Among the honored title Hero of the Soviet Union during the Great Patriotic War were representatives of all kinds and types of troops in the ranks from ordinary to Marshal. And every kind of troops - whether infantrymen, pilots or sailors are proud of the first colleagues who received the highest honorary title.

Pilots

The first titles of the Hero of the Soviet Union pilots were assigned on July 8, 1941. And here, the pilots supported the tradition: six pilots were the first heroes of the Soviet Union in the history of this award - and three pilots were first awarded this title during the Great Patriotic War!

On July 8, 1941, it was assigned to the fighters pilots of the 158th Fighter Airport of the 41st Mixed Aviation Device of the Air Force of the 23rd Army of the Northern Front. The younger lieutenants Mikhail Zhukov, Stepan Healthy, and Peter Kharitonov received awards for the Taranians committed in the early days of the war. Stepan Healthy died the day after the award, Mikhail Zhukov died in January 1943 in a fight with nine German fighters, and Peter Kharitonov, heavily wounded in 1941 and returned to operation only in 1944, finished the war, having a bill of 14 destroyed Oppon aircraft.

Infantry

The first hero of the Soviet Union among the infantrymen on July 22, 1941 was the commander of the 1st Moscow Motor Store Division of the 20th Army of the Western Front Colonel Yakov Crazer. He was awarded for the successful departure of the Germans on the Berezina River and in battles for Orsha. It is noteworthy that Colonel Crazer became the first among the people of the Jews who received the highest award during the war years.

Tankers

On July 22, 1941, three tankers received the highest awards at once - the Tank Commander of the 1st Tank Regiment of the 1st Tank Division of the 14th Army of the Northern Front Senior Sergeant Alexander Borisov, Commander of the 163rd Intelligence Battalion of the 104th Rifle Division 14th Army of the Northern Front Junior Sergeant Alexander Mudzov (he was awarded posthumously) and deputy commander of the tank battalion of the 115th Tank Regiment of the 57th Tank Division of the 20th Army of the Western Front Captain Joseph Kaduchenko. Senior Sergeant Borisov in a week and a half after the award passed away in the hospital from heavy wounds. Captain Kaduchenko managed to visit the lists of the dead, in October 1941 he captured, tried to flee three times and was released only in March 1945, after which he fought until the victory.

Sappers

Among the fighters and commanders of the sperm parts, the first hero of the Soviet Union was on November 20, 1941, an assistant commander of the platoon of the 184th separate saccharmal battalion of the 7th Army of the Northern Front Private Victor Karandakov. In battle under the sorting against the Finnish parts, he reflected three enemy attacks from his machine gun, which actually saved the regiment from the environment, the next day he headed the counterattack of the department instead of the wounded commander, and another two days he made a wounded commander of the company from under the fire. In April 1942, the sapper lost in battles was demobilized.

Artilleryrs.

On August 2, 1941, the first artillers - the Hero of the Soviet Union became the gunner of the "Sorokovytkov" of the 680th Rifle Regiment of the 169th Rifle Division of the 18th Army of the Southern Front of Krasnoarmets Yakov Kolchak. On July 13, 1941, he was able to hit four enemy tanks from his gun in the hour of the battle! But the assignment of high rank of Yakov did not find out: July 23, he was injured and captured. They freed him in August 1944 in Moldova, and to the victory of Kolchak reached the penalty area, where he fought first by the shooter, and then the commander of the department. A high award is a former strand, on whose chest, the Order of the Red Star and the Medal "For Combat Meritages", received in the Kremlin only on March 25, 1947.

Partisans

The leaders of the partisan squad "Red October" were the first heroes of the Soviet Union from among the partisans, operating on the territory of Belarus: Commissar of the Tikhon Papers and commander Fyodor Pavlovsky. Decree on their award was signed on August 6, 1941. Of the two heroes, only one - Fyodor Pavlovsky lived to victory, and the Commissioner of the Red October squad, Tikhon Papers, managed to get his award in Moscow, died in December of the same year, leaving the German environment.

Sea infantry

On August 13, 1941, the title of the Hero of the Soviet Union was awarded the commander of the Department of the Sea Volunteer Detachment of the Northern Fleet Senior Sergeant Vasily Kislyakov. He received a high award for his actions in mid-July 1941, when he headed the platoon instead of the murdered commander and first, together with his comrades, and then one kept an important height. By the end of the war, there were several landings on the North Front, participation in Petsmo-Kirkenes, Budapest and Vienna offensive operations.

Politrucki

The first decree assigning the title of the Hero of the Soviet Union by the political workers of the Red Army was published on August 15, 1941. This document of the highest award was awarded the deputy polytruck of the Ranioretum of the 415th Separate Battalion of the 22nd Estonian Territorial Rifle Corps of the North-Western Front Arnold Mary and the Secretary of the Party Bureau of the 245th Gaubic Artillery Regiment of the 37th Rifle Division of the 19th Army of the Western Front Senior Polituk Kirill Osipov. Mary was awarded for the fact that, twice wounded, managed to stop the digression of the battalion and headed the defense of the headquarters of the corps. Osipov in July-August 1941 actually worked as a connected command of the division, fought surrounded, and several times passed the front line, delivering important information.

Doctors

Among the Army doctors who received the title of the Hero of the Soviet Union, the Sanitary instructor of the 14th motorized rifle regiment of the 21st motorized rifle division of the NKVD troops of the North Front of Private Anatoly Kokorin became the first. High award was assigned to him on August 26, 1941 - posthumously. During the battle with the Finns, he remained the last in the ranks and undermined himself a grenade to not be captured.

Border guards

Although Soviet border guards were the first to take over the enemy blow on June 22, 1941, the Heroes of the Soviet Union among them appeared only two months later. But at once, six people: Junior Sergeant Ivan Buzyitkov, Lieutenant Kuzma Vetchkin, senior lieutenant Nikita Kaymanov, senior lieutenant Alexander Konstantinov, Junior Sergeant Vasily Mikhalkov and Lieutenant Anatoly Ryzhikov. Five of them served in Moldova, senior lieutenant Kaymanov - in Karelia. All six received awards for their heroic actions in the first days of the war - which, in general, is not surprising. And all the six reached the end of the war and continued the service after the victory - in the same border troops.

SONSTRUCTIONS

The first hero of the Soviet Union among the telecommists appeared on November 9, 1941 - they became the commander of the radio station of the 289th fighter-anti-tank regiment of the Western Front Junior Sergeant Peter Stemasov. He was awarded for his feat on October 25 near Moscow - during the battle replaced the wounded gunner of the gun and, together with the calculation, nine enemy tanks were charged, after which he brought fighters from the environment. And then fought to the victory, which he met by an officer.

Cavalurists

On the same day as the first hero, the first hero of the cavalider appeared. On November 9, 1941, the title Hero of the Soviet Union was posthumously assigned to the commander of the 134th cavalry regiment of the 28th cavalry division of the reserve army of the Southern Front Major Boris Krotov. He was awarded the highest awards for exploits during the defense of Dnepropetrovsk. What difficulties were those fights, you can imagine one episode: the last feat of the compolat was the undermining of the enemy tank, broke into the depths of defense.

Paratroopers

"Winged infantry" found its first heroes of the Soviet Union on November 20, 1941. They became the commander of the department of exploration company of the 212th airborne brigade of the 37th Army of the South-Western Front Sergeant Yakov Vatomov and the shooter of the same brigade Nikolai Obukhov. Both received a reward for the exploits in August-September 1941, when the paratroopers led heavy battles in the east of Ukraine.

Sailors

Later - only January 17, 1942 - the first hero of the Soviet Union appeared in the Soviet Navy. A posthumously high award was awarded the shooter of the 2nd volunteer detachment of seamen of the Northern Fleet of the Red Fleets Ivan Sivko. His feat that the country appreciated so highly, Ivan made a large western facial in the lip of a sadly famous landing. Covering the waste of colleagues, he, fighting alone, destroyed 26 enemies, and then hesified himself with a grenade along with the surrounding nicknames.

General

The first honored title Hero of the Soviet Union by General of the Red Army began on July 22, 1941, the commander of the 19th Tank Division of the 22nd Multi-Cropus Commander of the 5th Army of the South-Western Front General Major Kuzma Semenchenko. His division took an active part in the largest tank battle of the Great Patriotic War - the battle of Dubno - and after severe fighting came to the environment, but the general was able to bring his subordinates through the front line. By mid-August 1941, only one tank remained in the division, and in early September she was disbanded. And General Semenchenko reached the end of the war and retired in the same rank in 1947, in which he began to fight.

VICTORY PARADE! June 24, 1945. Moscow. Red Square:

"The fight is not for the sake of glory ..."

During the Great Patriotic War, there was the most honorable soldier's award - the Order of Fame. And her tape, and her statute very much resembled another soldier's award - the sign of the honors of St. George, the "Soldatie of Hiring", especially revered in the army of the Russian Empire. In total, the Order of Glory for a year and a half of the war - from the moment of its establishment on November 8, 1943 and to victory - and in the post-war time more than a million people were awarded. Of these, almost a million - the Order of the third degree, over 46 thousand - the second, and 2672 people are the first degree, they became complete cavaliers of the Order.

Of the 2672 full cavaliers of the Order of Glory 16 people in the future for various reasons were deprived of awards by court decision. Among those deviated was the only cavalier of five orders of Glory - the 3rd, three 2nd and 1st degree. In addition, 72 people were presented to the four orders of fame, but, as a rule, did not receive an "excess" award.

The first complete cavaliers of the Order of the Glory of the Sapper 1134th Rifle Regiment of the 338th Rifle Division Efreitor Mitrofan Pitenin and the Commander of the 190th Separate Intelligence Rota of the 158th Rifle Division Senior Sergeant Shevchenko. Efreitor Pitenin was presented to the first Order in November 1943 for battles in Belarus, to the second - in April 1944, and the third in July of the same year. But getting the last award did not have time: on August 3, he died in battle. And Senior Sergeant Shevchenko received all three orders in 1944: in February, April and July. He graduated from the war in 1945 in the rank of senior and soon demobilized, returning home not only with three orders of glory on his chest, but also with the orders of the Red Star and the Patriotic War of both degrees.

And there were also four people who received both signs of the highest recognition of military heroism - and the title of Hero of the Soviet Union, and the title of full cavaller of the Order of Glory. The first is the senior pilot of the 140th Guards Assault Aviation Regiment of the 8th Guards Assault Aviation Division of the 1st Storm Aviation Corps of the 5th Air Army Guard Senior Lieutenant Ivan Drachenko. He received the title of Hero of the Soviet Union in 1944, and the full cavalier of the Order of Glory became after the redemption (double rewarding of the Order of the 2nd degree) in 1968.

The second is the commander of the gun of the 369th separate fighter-anti-tank artillery division of the 263rd Rifle division of the 43rd army of the 3rd Belarusian Front Starin Nikolay Kuznetsov. In April 1945, he received the title of Hero of the Soviet Union, and after the redeference in 1980 (double rewarding the Order of the 2nd degree) became a complete cavalier of the Order of Glory.

The third was the commander of the instrument calculation of the 175th Guards Artillery and Mortar Regiment of the 4th Guards Cavalry Division of the 2nd Guards Cavalry Corps of the 1st Belarusian Front Senior Sergeant Andrei Aleshin. He became the hero of the Soviet Union at the end of May 1945, and a full cavalier of the Order of Glory - after the redemption (double rewarding of the Order of the 3rd degree) in 1955.

Finally, the fourth - the head of the 293rd Guards Rifle Regiment of the 96th Guards Rifle Division of the 28th Army of the 3rd Belorussian Front Guard Starshina Pavel Dubinda. He is perhaps the most unusual fate of all four heroes. Sailor, he served on the cruiser "Chervona Ukraine" on the Black Sea, after the death of the ship - in the marine infantry, defended Sevastopol. Here and captured, from which he fled and in March 1944 was re-enrolled in the existing army, but already in the infantry. A complete cavalier of the Order of Glory became by March 1945, and in June of the same year he received the title of Hero of the Soviet Union. By the way, among his awards there was a rare Order of Bogdan Khmelnitsky 3rd degree - a kind of "soldier's" commander Order.

The Soviet Union was a truly multinational country: in the data of the last pre-war census of 1939, 95 nationalities appear, not counting the Count "Others" (other nations of the North, other nations of Dagestan). Naturally, among the heroes of the Soviet Union and full cavaliers of the Order of Glory were representatives of almost all Soviet peoples. Among the first - 67 nationalities, among the second (according to obviously incomplete data) - 39 peoples.

The number of heroes marked with higher titles, among one or another nationality as a whole corresponds to the attitude of the number of tribesmen to the total number of pre-war USSR. So, the leaders in all lists were Russians, the Ukrainians and Belarusians follow them. But further the situation is different. For example, in the first ten award-awarded Hero of the Soviet Union for Russians, Ukrainians and Belarusians follow (in order) Tatars, Jews, Kazakhs, Armenians, Georgians, Uzbeks and Mordva. And in the top ten complete cavaliers of the Order of Glory after Russian, Ukrainians and Belarusians are (also in order) Tatars, Kazakhs, Armenians, Mordva, Uzbeks, Chuvashi and Jews.

But to judge on these statistical data, what kind of people were more heroic, and as less meaningless. First, many nationalities of the heroes were randomly, and even intentionally indicated incorrectly or absent (let's say, the nationality often hid the Germans and Jews, and the "Crimean Tatar" version in the 1939 census documents were simply not). And secondly, even today, there are many documents regarding the awarding of the heroes of the Great Patriotic War. This colossal topic is still waiting for his researcher, who will surely confirm: heroism is the property of each individual, and not the other people.

The National Composition of the Heroes of the Soviet Union, who received this title for the feats during the Great Patriotic War *

Russians - 7998 (including 70 - twice, 2 - three times and 1 - four times)

Ukrainians - 2019 (including 28 - twice),

Belarusians - 274 (including 4 - twice),

Tatars - 161.

Jews - 128 (including 1 - twice)

Kazakhs - 98 (including 1 - twice)

Armenians - 91 (including 2 - twice)

Georgians - 90.

Uzbeks - 67.

Mordva - 66.

Chuvashi - 47.

Azerbaijanis - 41 (including 1 - twice)

Bashkirs - 40 (including 1 - twice)

Ossetians - 34 (including 1 - twice)

Markets - 18.

Turkmen - 16.

Lithuanians - 15.

Tajiks - 15.

Latvians - 12.

Kyrgyz - 12.

Karelia - 11 (including 1 - twice)

Komi - 10.

Udmurts - 11.

Estonians - 11.

Avars - 9.

Poles - 9.

Buryats and Mongols - 8

Kalmyki - 8.

Kabardians - 8.

Adygi - 7.

Greeks - 7.

Germans - 7.

Komi - 6.

Crimean Tatars - 6 (including 1 - twice)

Chechens - 6.

Yakuta - 6.

Moldovans - 5.

Abkhaza - 4.

Laktsi - 4.

Lezgins - 4.

French - 4.

Czechs - 4.

Karachay - 3.

Tuvintsy - 3.

Circassians - 3.

Balcarians -2.

Bulgarians - 2.

Dargins - 2.

Kumykov - 2.

Finns - 2.

Khakasi - 2.

Abazinets - 1.

Adjarez - 1.

Altaca - 1.

Assyrian - 1.

VEPS - 1.

Spaniard - 1.

Chinese (Dungalin) - 1

Korean - 1.

Kurd - 1.

Svan - 1.

Slovak - 1.

Tuwinets - 1.

Tsakhur - 1.

Gypsy - 1.

Shorets - 1.

Evenk - 1.

The national composition of full cavaliers of the Order of Glory, who received this title for feats during the Great Patriotic War **

Russians - 1276.

Ukrainians - 285.

Belarusians - 62.

Tatars - 48.

Kazakhs - 30.

Armenians - 19.

Mordva - 16.

Uzbeks - 12.

Chuvashi - 11.

Jews - 9.

Azerbaijanis - 8.

Bashkirs - 7.

Kyrgyz - 7.

Udmurts - 6.

Turkmen - 5.

Buryats - 4.

Georgians - 4.

Komi - 4.

Markets - 3.

Poles - 3.

Adygi - 2.

Karelia - 2.

Latvians - 2.

Moldovans - 2.

Ossetians - 2.

Tajiks - 2.

Khakasi - 2.

Abazinets - 1.

Greek - 1.

Kabardian - 1.

Kalmyk - 1.

CHINA - 1.

Crimean Tatar - 1

Kumyk - 1.

Lithuanian -1.

Romanian - 1.

Meskhetian Turk - 1

Chechen - 1.

Yakut - 1.

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