Day Navy Russian Federation v The armed forces The Russian Federation is celebrated annually on the last Sunday of July.

On May 27, 1935, by a decree of the Central Executive Committee and the Council of People's Commissars of the USSR, a new Naval flag of the USSR was established (on November 16, 1950, by a decree of the Council of Ministers of the USSR, changes were made to the proportions and location of the star and sickle and hammer in the Naval flag of the USSR).

USSR naval flag- is a white cloth with a blue stripe along the lower edge of the flag.

On the white flag panel there are: in the left half of the panel (at the luff) - a red five-pointed star, one end facing up; in the right half of the cloth there is a crossed red hammer and sickle. The lower points of the hammer and sickle handles lie on a straight line with the lower ends of the star.

Dimensions of the flag: the ratio of the width of the flag to its length - one to one and a half; the width of the blue stripe is equal to 1/6 of the width of the flag; the distance from the upper end of the star to the upper edge of the flag, as well as from the lower ends of the star to the blue flag strip, is equal to 1/6 of the flag's width.

The upper end of the sickle is spaced from the upper edge of the flag by 1/5 of the flag's width.

In this form, the flag existed until July 26, 1992, when it was replaced by the Russian Naval Flag.

Buy Navy Flag You can in the "Marshbrosok" store with delivery within the Russian Federation or self-pickup in Moscow.

We accept orders for the production of flags of any size.

Discounts for wholesale buyers.

Description

The flag is a white canvas with an aspect ratio of 2: 3. There is a blue stripe along the bottom edge. On the left side of the white field is a five-pointed star, on the right - a sickle and a hammer. Both symbols are red. The two lower edges of the five-pointed star lie on a straight line with the handles of the hammer and sickle. The width of the blue stripe corresponds to the width of the white part of the panel in a ratio of 1: 6. The distance from the upper edges of the symbols to the upper edge of the canvas is 1/6 of the total height of the flag. The upper edge of the sickle is spaced from the upper edge of the blade at a distance equal to 1/5 of the total width of the blade.

Symbolism

The red star is the symbol of the Red Army. The hammer and sickle personified the alliance of peasants and workers and was one of the main Soviet state emblems. The blue stripe at the bottom symbolizes the sea.

History

The flag as it is known today was approved on November 16, 1950. In fact, it is a slightly corrected version of the 1935 USSR Navy flag, in which the emblems of the five-pointed star and the hammer and sickle were slightly larger.

Help about the author of the article
Major Internal Troops Vlasenko Valery Timofeevich. Was born in 1949. He served in the Internal Troops for 22 years USSR Ministry of Internal Affairs, then served in the police. General service 35 years. Was on business trips in Nagorno-Karabakh, Chechnya.

In January 1943, the Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR was issued on the introduction of new insignia into the Red Army - shoulder straps. As determined by the Decree, shoulder straps were intended to determine the military rank and belonging of a serviceman to one or another branch of the army. It should be noted that the uniform of the Red Army itself was changed at the same time.

Naturally, the form of the NKVD troops was also changed, which by this time differed from the form of the Red Army only in the colors of the buttonholes and caps (I do not mean the field uniform, which did not differ in any way).

As early as January 1942, a radical, albeit gradual, change in the ranks of the commanding staff began. The names of the ranks of the middle, senior and higher personnel become the same as the ranks of the command personnel, but with a prefix indicating the type of service (for example, major engineer, lieutenant technician, major general of the engineering artillery service, colonel of the medical service, etc.). NS.) .

Accordingly, the insignia on shoulder straps in all services were unified, and it became possible to clearly define and compare the official position of servicemen of different types of service.
The title "captain" is moved to the junior officer category.
The use of the word "officer" is officially introduced.

On January 15, 1943, the People's Commissar of Defense issues order No. 25, which specifies the shape, colors, sizes of shoulder straps, insignia on shoulder straps.

Order of the NKVD No. 126 of February 18, 1943 duplicated the order of the People's Commissar of Defense No. 25 of January 15, 1943. Shoulder straps are now being introduced to the NKVD.

The very system of differentiating ranks by means of shoulder straps was borrowed from the army of pre-revolutionary Russia. The dimensions, the shape of the shoulder straps largely repeated the shoulder straps of the tsarist army, however, the number and size of the stars, the colors of the stripes were different, and they denoted different ranks.

However, at new system the influence of the Wehrmacht's running system (colored piping by type of troops around the shoulder straps of privates and sergeants) affected.

The color of edging and gaps for officers of the Internal Troops and employees of state security agencies was set to be the same - cornflower blue.

But in order to be able to distinguish the servicemen of the NKVD troops from the employees of the NKVD and state security agencies, as before, it was ordered that all servicemen of the NKVD troops wear the emblems of the combat arms on their shoulder straps. State security officers did not wear any emblems.

All sleeve patches are completely canceled, including the state security sleeve badge.

On the new form, buttonholes lose their functional purpose (differentiation of ranks) and become mainly a decorative element and only partially indicate the service position of a serviceman.

On overcoats, the former diamond-shaped buttonholes, which covered the entire corner of the collar, were replaced with parallelogram-shaped buttonholes. The size of the buttonholes was the same as in the Red Army. On everyday greatcoats, buttonholes for internal troops have a maroon-colored field with cornflower blue piping. A gold button is placed at the top of the buttonhole. On the field collar tabs of overcoats, a field of khaki, cornflower-blue edging.

On ceremonial uniforms in the internal troops, buttonholes of maroon color without edging. Here, in addition to their decorative role, they indicate the category of military personnel.
The Red Army men have clean buttonholes, sergeants have a longitudinal stripe made of yellow (command staff) or white (commanding staff). Junior officers have one strip embroidered with gold and silver thread in their buttonholes, senior officers have two.

The dress uniform of the soldiers and sergeants of the NKVD troops is not single-breasted, as in the Red Army, but double-breasted. In addition, the trousers for the ceremonial uniform are blue, like those of the officers, but without edging (in the Red Army, the ceremonial trousers are the same color as the uniform).

The same order determines that two types of shoulder straps are introduced for privates and sergeants - everyday and field. Casual shoulder straps are designed for dress uniforms and casual field uniforms in the event that they are used as everyday. Field shoulder straps are intended for everyday field uniform, if it is used as a field uniform.

Field shoulder straps of soldiers and sergeants internal troops were made of khaki cloth with cornflower blue piping. No emblems and numbers of regiments were relied on for field shoulder straps. Patches for ranks from silk trim (braid) for the commanding staff in burgundy color; for non-combatant, technical, medical, veterinary, quartermaster - brown.
The field shoulder straps of private and junior command and commanding personnel were pentagonal, had a length of 14-16 cm and a width of 6 cm.The insignia of rank in the form of transverse stripes made of silk bason 1 cm, 3 cm and 1.5 cm wide were green buttons colors.

1-Red Army soldier; 2-corporal; 3-Junior Sergeant; 4-Sergeant, 5- Senior sergeant (commanding staff), 6 - Petty officer.

Everyday shoulder straps of soldiers and sergeants of the internal troops. Made of maroon cloth with cornflower blue piping. On the shoulder straps, the regiment number is stenciled with paint (which, however, was not carried out everywhere).
Emblems by type of troops are placed in the middle of the shoulder strap.
All emblems are metallic gold (but the emblems of the veterinary service are silvery).
To distinguish the ranks on shoulder straps, transverse stripes are located in their upper part. These patches are in three sizes; narrow 1 cm wide, wide 3 cm wide and for longitudinal stripe of foremen 1.5 cm wide.
The color of the stripes is yellow for the command personnel and grayish-white for the sergeants of the technical personnel, logistic personnel, medical and veterinary services and non-combatant personnel.
Patches are made in a factory way from silk trim (braid).
Cadets command schools the internal troops have a lining on three sides of the epaulette of gold braid, and the cadets of the only rear-service school - of silver braid.

1-Red Army soldier (rifle units); 2-corporal (artillery); 3-Junior Sergeant (armored vehicles), 4-Sergeant (cavalry); 5th Senior Sergeant (rifle units); 6-Petty Officer (automotive parts and divisions); 7-Cadet.

The shoulder straps are attached to the tunic with a longitudinal strap sewn into the lower part of the shoulder strap and passing along the reverse side of the shoulder strap and threaded into the transverse patch on the shoulder of the tunic and fastened to the button sewn at the collar. The upper end of the shoulder strap is fastened to the same button. There were also combined everyday-field shoulder straps, which on the one hand were field, and on the other - everyday. If necessary, shoulder straps were simply turned over with the required side up.

Field shoulder straps for middle and senior command and command personnel(junior and senior officers) - pentagonal, had a length of 14-16 cm, and a width of 6 cm. The color of the edging of shoulder straps was cornflower blue.
The shoulder straps of doctors and military officers were somewhat narrower - 4 cm.
Insignia of rank in the form of five-pointed stars in size (diameter of the circumscribed circle) - 13 mm for junior officers and 20 mm for senior officers.
The color of the stars for the officers of the command staff is silver, for the officers of the commanding staff it is golden.
The color of the gaps for the command staff is cornflower blue, for the officers of the commanding staff - brown. Clearance width 5 mm.
All emblems are metallic in golden color and are located 10 mm below the button. The buttons are green. Field shoulder straps were intended to be worn on summer and winter field uniforms.

1st Colonel (cavalry units of the NKVD Internal Troops)),
2nd Lieutenant Colonel (armored units of the NKVD Internal Troops),
3rd Major (rifle units of the NKVD Internal Troops),
4th Colonel (technical service of the Internal Troops of the NKVD),
5-captain (rifle units of the Internal Troops of the NKVD).
6th senior lieutenant (cavalry units of the NKVD Internal Troops).
7th lieutenant (artillery of the NKVD Internal Troops).
8th junior lieutenant (armored units of the NKVD Internal Troops).
9th lieutenant (technical service of the Internal Troops of the NKVD).

Field shoulder straps were intended to be worn on summer and winter field uniforms.

Casual shoulder straps for middle and senior command and control personnel(junior and senior officers) had the same dimensions as the field ones, but were trimmed with braid with gaps woven into them. They were also worn on a dress uniform.
For the command staff, gold braid, silver stars and emblems.
For the commanding staff, the braid is silver, the emblems and stars are golden.

The button for all is copper or brass yellow. Clearances on everyday shoulder straps for all officers of the internal troops are cornflower blue, as well as the edging of shoulder straps.

Command personnel shoulder straps:

1st Colonel (rifle units of the NKVD Internal Troops)),
2nd Lieutenant Colonel (cavalry units of the Internal Troops of the NKVD),
3rd major (armored units of the NKVD Internal Troops),
4-captain (cavalry units of the Internal Troops of the NKVD).
5th senior lieutenant (armored units of the NKVD Internal Troops).
6th lieutenant (cavalry forces of the NKVD).
8th junior lieutenant (rifle units of the Internal Troops of the NKVD).

Note. The same shoulder straps were worn in the NKVD (state security officers, officers of the internal service). But there, shoulder straps were worn without any emblems. But in the VV NKVD, emblems were required.

Note by Yu.G. Veremeev. In general, where did this name "gaps" come from, which are called longitudinal narrow stripes on the officer's shoulder straps?
The thing is that in 1854, when galloon shoulder straps were introduced for officers, it was decided that the shoulder strap itself remains the same as that of the lower ranks, but two wide so-called. "harness" lace with one gap between them. It turns out the shoulder strap of the chief officer. Stars are then attached to the shoulder strap according to the rank of the officer. In this interval, you can see the shoulder strap field. Hence the term "skylight".
In order to get the shoulder strap of a staff officer, one wide braid (harness) and two narrow braids (the so-called "staff officer braids") were sewn along its length. It turned out two gaps - gaps.
On the shoulder straps of the marching form, this gap was indicated by a narrow dark orange ribbon. With timefactories began to produce braid, in which the former harness and staff officer braids and gaps were combined.

When in 1943 they began to make officer's gold shoulder straps, the galloon was woven with a width equal to the width of the shoulder strap without edging. A colored narrow strip (one for the braid of junior officers, two for the senior) was woven into the braid itself, making up one whole with it, but the term "clearance" remained.

Shoulder straps of the commanding staff (examples):
1-engineer-colonel,
2nd Lieutenant of the Quartermaster Service,
3rd lieutenant of the medical service.

Veterinary officers have a silver emblem.

By the way, in 1943, there are galloons of officer shoulder straps with various weave patterns. Obviously, the patterns of the interlacing of the shoulder straps of the tsarist army (in which there were more than 20 different patterns of braid) were taken as a basis, different factories produced braid with different patterns, there was a process of searching for a single pattern of braid, which approximately ended only by 1955.

I would like to draw the attention of uniformitarianism lovers to two more not very noticeable, but very significant details.
The first is the arrangement of stars on the shoulder straps of the colonel and lieutenant colonel. The stars are not located in the gaps, but shifted to the edge of the shoulder strap. This is how the stars were worn on the shoulder straps of the tsarist army, placing them on the sides of the encryption. But the fact is that in the tsarist army all the stars were of the same size - 11 mm (1/4 inches), and they were perfectly placed between the gap and the edge of the shoulder strap. And the stars of the 1943 model of the senior officers were much larger in size - 20 mm, and when placed between the gap and the edge of the shoulder strap, the sharp ends of the stars often went beyond the edge of the shoulder strap and clung to anything - for example, the lining of the overcoat.
These stars will only shift into the clearances around 1947. Apparently, the displacement of the stars into the gaps was at first largely spontaneous, and later standardized.

And the second - up to the beginning of the sixties, the emblems were made of brass and, accordingly, either gilded or silver-plated. From the beginning of the sixties, they began to be made of white metal, which was anodized to give a golden color (if necessary).

All shoulder straps were attached to the uniform with a longitudinal belt loop sewn on the back of the shoulder strap. These shoulder straps were designed to be worn on a daily basis and dress uniforms clothes.

Shoulder straps of the generals of the Internal Troops.

Unlike the army, there were few generals in the Internal Troops. During the Great Patriotic War even the commanders of the Internal Troops of the NKVD did not rise in ranks higher than the "major general":
- A.I.Guliev (1941-1942)
- I.S. Sheredega (1942-1944).

And only A. N. Apollonov, who commanded the Internal Troops in 1944-1946, rose to the rank of "Colonel General".
The shoulder straps of the generals of the Internal Troops differed from the army generals only in the color of the edging of the shoulder straps (cornflower blue), which was adopted at that time in the Internal Troops.

Only everyday shoulder straps are known. There is no information about field shoulder straps for the generals of the Internal Troops.

In the picture on the left:
1. Major General of the Internal Troops.
2. Lieutenant General of the Internal Troops.
3. Colonel General of the Internal Troops.

In subsequent years, the uniform and insignia of the Internal Troops more and more approached the army.
In 1955, with the abolition of colored piping on the shoulder straps of soldiers and sergeants Soviet army cornflower-blue edging is also leaving the shoulder straps of soldiers and sergeants of the explosives.

In 1970, with the introduction of a new uniform in the Soviet Army, a similar one was adopted for the Internal Troops. The cornflower blue color completely and completely leaves the objects of the form and insignia of the BB. It remains the main color of the KGB military. Already in the early fifties, this department was completely separated from the Ministry of Internal Affairs and became completely independent.

From that time on, the military officer can be distinguished from the army officer only by the maroon color of the gaps on the shoulder straps, and the same maroon color of the buttonholes, edging on the uniform, and the soldiers and sergeants by the maroon color of the epaulettes and the letters BB on the shoulder straps.

From the author. To distinguish the maroon color of an explosive from an army red can only be a person subtly distinguishing colors and shades, or when an explosives officer and an army (motorized rifle) are standing side by side. In the seventies and eighties, among the civilian population, it often gave rise to an erroneous opinion that all the "red-runners" were the Internal Troops, and the "black-runners" were the Soviet Army. Moreover, only motorized riflemen wore red shoulder straps in the SA, and most of the Army (tankers, artillerymen, rocket men, engineers, chemists, signalmen, ...) wore black shoulder straps.

Sources and Literature

1. Magazine "Zeikhgauz" №1 - 1991.
2. Materials of the Central Museum of Internal Troops of the USSR Ministry of Internal Affairs
3. M.I.Shcherbak. "Your military uniform". Main Political Directorate of the Military. Moscow. 1986.
4. J. Rutkiewicz, W. N. Kulikow. Wojska NKWD 1917-1945, Barwa i Broh, Lampart, Warszawa 1998.
5. V. Voronov, A. Shishkin "NKVD of the USSR: structure, leadership, uniform, insignia 1934-1937." - Moscow. LLC Publishing House "Russian Exploration". 2005
6.L. Tokar. The history of the Russian uniform. Soviet militia 1918-1991. Exclusive. St. Petersburg. 1995
7. The Great Patriotic War. Active army. 1941-1945 Animi Fortitudo. Kuchkovo field. Moscow. 2005

Bodies and Internal Troops of the NKVD 1935-1937

Let me remind you that over the years of its existence, the Internal Troops have undergone numerous reorganizations, renaming, etc.

With creation right after October coup 1917, the Council of People's Commissars (SNK) was immediately created as one of the thirteen People's Commissariats People's Commissariat of Internal Affairs Russian republic(NKVD).

Then it became known as the NKVD of the RSFSR.

Then as it is formed union republics- added in parallel and the NKVD of the union republics.

Only in 1934 was the unified allied People's Commissariat of Internal Affairs of the USSR formed.

So, 06/10/1934. the People's Commissariat of Internal Affairs of the USSR (NKVD) was formed, which included and former troops VChK-GPU-OGPU.

The uniform of the employees of the NKVD bodies, the military personnel of the border and internal protection remained the same (adopted back in 1924): a shirt or jacket-jacket color khaki, blue harem pants, colored caps, cavalry overcoat.

This introduced a certain confusion and confusion, and therefore by the Decree of the Politburo of the Central Committee of the CPSU (b) No.PZZ / 95 dated 09/10/1935, all organizations, institutions and individuals were Absolutely forbidden wearing uniforms and insignia similar to Red army(with the exception of the military personnel of the formations of the border and internal protection of the NKVD, recruited by conscription).

Let me remind you that at this time a very peculiar period of life begins. Soviet state and the role of the NKVD in the life of the country is significantly increasing.

Note by Yu.G. Veremeev. Catch phrase"the revolution always devours its children." The usual stage in the process of a revolutionary change of government of any kind (be it a bourgeois, democratic, socialist or Nazi revolution) in any country is those who together stood at the head of the revolutionary forces in initial period, they are now beginning to divide power. And each of them believes that he should now be at the head of the country. An acute political struggle begins, in which any means of ousting, isolating, eliminating or annihilating (including physical) rivals in power are used. In addition, in the country during such a period there are quite a lot of those who considered themselves offended by their positions, and his revolutionary merits were not appreciated at their true worth. It is from them that the head of the opposition draws cadres, while those who are at the helm of the government use the apparatus of law and order to suppress the opposition ( police, police, gendarmerie, state security agencies, SS, etc.). Naturally, this apparatus is endowed with special powers in such a period.

And if not Stalin had been in power, but Kirov, Trotsky, Bukharin or someone else, nothing would have happened otherwise. This is the dialectic of any revolution. So it was in the bourgeois revolution of the mid-17th century in England, so it was during the revolutions of the late 18th century in France, and so it was after the Nazis came to power in 1933. In today's Russia, this stage is still ahead.

Most of those who swear at the Cheka-GPU-NKVD believe and try to convince everyone that the actions of the employees of these bodies in the thirties were a manifestation of personal malice, personal negative qualities, or even more trenchant - the desire of the "organs" in general to stand at the head of the state, crushing the party for themselves (as NS Khrushchev asserted).

However, in reality, the "organs" were just an instrument of the internecine struggle of the top of the party and state leadership. For example, an ax may end up in the hands of a carpenter or a murderer. But an ax is an ax; in all cases it remains just a tool.

People's Commissar GG Yagoda felt the "taste of power" and, apparently, decided to distinguish his employees with new uniforms and insignia. The leadership of the NKVD immediately developed a vigorous activity regarding the introduction of new uniforms. The People's Commissar in letters to JV Stalin put forward many projects of uniforms and insignia.

10/04/1935, the Politburo approved the projects of new uniforms. It was decided to make the uniform for the organs and troops of the NKVD uniform, and not as varied as Yagoda had suggested.

11/27/1935 by order No. 399 for the troops of the NKVD announced a new dress and insignia personnel of the Internal Guard.

Due to the low capabilities of the country's garment industry, it was impossible in a short time to change into new uniforms for all employees of the units, bodies and units of the NKVD troops. Therefore, the command staff of the internal security (decision of the Politburo of 11/29/1935) was allowed to carry out until 10/01/1937 until the expiration date socks with new insignia and buttonholes old-style uniform: - a shirt with edging, according to the assigned rank; - cloak without edging; - overcoat without edging.

The timing of the transition to wearing new insignia and buttonholes was determined: for the command personnel of the organs and troops - as they were assigned special and military ranks, and for the private and junior command personnel of the NKVD troops - from 1 March 1936.

Uniforms by order No. 399 dated 11/27/1935.

a) The main headdress of the organs and troops of the NKVD was cap RKKA model 1935 The cap was sewn from woolen fabric of colors traditional for the NKVD: - cornflower-blue crown and maroon band - for internal troops; On the top of the band and crown on all types of caps, crimson edging was sewn in. The cap had a slightly extended black lacquered fiber visor, over which the lacquered was also attached on two small uniform buttons black sliding chin belt... The highest, senior and middle command personnel wore a cap all year round, and private and junior command personnel - only in summer time. In summer, out of order with a white uniform, the command personnel could wear a white cap with a white fabric visor and chin strap.

b) A woolen garrison cap colors khaki... The pilots of the NKVD troops were assigned a woolen garrison cap dark blue, which was worn along with a cap with a dark blue jacket or shirt. Rank and file of all branches of the military wore a cotton cap color khaki with a marching uniform. Crimson edging was sewn into the seams of the cap and sides of all the caps of the command personnel, and a woolen five-pointed star made of instrument cloth with a diameter of 3 cm was sewn onto the front seam.

c) For the military personnel of the NKVD troops serving in areas with hot climates, cotton was introduced helmet colors khaki with five-pointed star from instrument cloth with a diameter of 7.5 cm.

d) As a winter headdress, they introduced

* command staff: a Finnish hat made of gray or brown fur, with a top (cap) made of dark gray woolen fabric - was worn only when coat with a buttoned fur collar.

Maroon - for internal security and air units;

Light green for border guards.

A red enamel five-pointed Red Army star of the established pattern, 3.4 cm in diameter with gilded outer edges and a sickle and a hammer in its center, was located on the band of the caps and over the cloth stars on the helmets. On the caps, by order, only cloth stars were worn.

Instead of the overcoat adopted in the Red Army, a double-breasted coat-cloak was introduced as outerwear for the command staff (except for the junior) of the NKVD bodies and troops. " raglan"made of dark gray woolen fabric, on 4 large uniform buttons, with a turn-down collar. winter time to coat a fur lining and a collar in the color of the fur of a Finnish hat was padded. The collar of the coat of the highest command personnel of the NKVD troops was edged with crimson cloth.

Note: In addition to the outerwear established by orders, the commanding staff were allowed to wear out of order raincoats, coats and jackets made of black or dark brown leather, with and without insignia.

The uniform of the internal troops of the NKVD was following items:

a) For middle, senior and senior command personnel:

Cloth tunic in dark khaki color with two breast patch pockets;

Cloth dark blue harem pants with crimson piping;

For the command staff, an army equipment a single sample of brown leather with white metal fittings. For carrying weapons on a belt belt put on on the right side holster... When wearing a jacket, a pendant was worn holster, attached to the waist belt by means of trainers. Rank and file and the junior command staff wore a belt belt brown or natural color, with a metal single-pin buckle.

For the commanding staff of directorates and institutions of the NKVD troops with trousers like breeches were worn leggings with chrome boots made of black or dark brown leather, or black chrome boots, for command personnel of combat units and schools - black chrome or barn boots, and out of order - boots with leggings. With trousers worn out (out of order), the entire command staff wore chrome boots or low shoes from black or brown leather. Ordinary personnel and junior command personnel were assigned the wearing of cowhide boots with windings or boot black color.

But everyone else who served in the "bodies" (state security, police, firefighters, various business executives) were assigned special titles - with the prefix "state security", "militia", "internal service". For example - lieutenant state security, captain police, Major of Internal Service .

Special ranks are not equated with military ranks at all. And although many of them wear army uniforms, in fact, neither the army nor the NKVD troops ( Ministry of Internal Affairs) have no relation. For example, the current Minister of Internal Affairs Nurgaliev wears the uniform of an army general, although he does not serve in the army or in the internal troops.

For example, a man served in the army, retired to the reserve with the rank of "corporal", after that he went to work in Ministry of Internal Affairs to the administrative authorities. He was given a special rank, worked for many years, received a promotion, and eventually quit with the special rank of "Colonel of the Internal Service".

So, upon arrival at the district military registration and enlistment office for military registration, he will be recorded as a corporal, and not as a colonel, since his military (military) rank corporal... The special rank for the military registration and enlistment office has no meaning.

Another example. The officer served under a contract, retired from the army, enters the police (police). In the police, he is unconditionally assigned a special police rank ( police) corresponding to its military rank(i.e. confirm).

But the opposite will not work.

The military ranks for the internal security servicemen of the NKVD of the USSR (internal troops) were introduced by the Council of People's Commissars Decree No. 2250 of October 7, 1935 and announced by the order of the People's Commissar of Internal Affairs No. 319 of October 10, 1935.

Command staff: Military rank Private composition Red Army soldier Junior command and command personnel Separate commander Junior platoon commander Sergeant Major Candidate for the rank of Middle Command Staff Lieutenant Senior lieutenant Senior command staff Captain Major Colonel The highest command staff of the brigade commander of the commander of the commander

Military-political composition: Military rank Middle military-political composition Political instructor Senior military-political composition Senior political instructor Battalion commissar Regimental commissar High military-political composition Brigade commissar Divisional commissar Corps commissar

Military-economic and administrative staff:

Military rank Middle military-economic and administrative staff 2nd rank quartermaster-technician 1st rank quartermaster-technician 1st rank senior military-economic and administrative staff 3rd rank quartermaster quartermaster 2nd rank 1st rank quartermaster Highest military-economic and administrative staff Brigindent Divintendant

Military-technical staff: Military rank Medium military-technical personnel Military technician of the 2nd rank Military technician of the 1st rank Senior military-technical personnel Military engineer of the 3rd rank Military engineer of the 2nd rank Military engineer of the 1st rank Higher military-technical personnel

Military medical personnel

Military rank Medium military medical personnel Military medical assistant Senior military medical assistant Senior military medical personnel 3rd rank military doctor 2nd rank military doctor 1st rank military doctor Higher medical staff Brig doctor Divvrach

Military veterinary staff: Military rank Middle military veterinary staff Military veterinary assistant Senior military veterinary assistant Senior military veterinary staff Military doctor of the 3rd rank Military doctor of the 2nd rank Military doctor of the 1st rank Higher military veterinary staff Brigvette doctor Divvet doctor

Military-legal composition: Military rank Middle military-legal staff Junior military jurist Military jurist Senior military-legal staff 3rd rank military lawyer 2nd rank military lawyer 1st rank military lawyer Higher military legal composition Brig military lawyer Divvoenyurist

The insignia for military ranks were stars of various colors in buttonholes and sleeve insignia.

Let's start with the sleeve insignia.

In the picture: from left to right: sleeve insignia of the middle command personnel, senior command personnel, senior command personnel, military-political personnel.

The middle command staff wore on both sleeves above the cuff (above the cuff) two or three so-called. "truncated triangle" embroidered with red silk thread depending on the rank.

The senior command staff wore on both sleeves above the cuff (above the cuff) red stars embroidered in red silk with silver edging according to the rank (how many stars are in the buttonholes, so many on the sleeves).

The highest command staff wore on both sleeves above the cuff (above the cuff) red stars embroidered in red silk with golden edging according to the rank (how many stars are in the buttonholes, so many on the sleeves) ..

The military-political composition on both sleeves above the cuff (above the cuff) wore one star, regardless of rank. These stars were completely analogous to the stars of the political staff. Red army, i.e. a red star with a golden hammer and sickle embroidered inside it.

The military-economic and administrative, military-technical, military-medical, military-veterinary and military-legal staff did not have sleeve insignia according to ranks.

The main means of distinguishing the ranks of the internal troops (internal security) of the NKVD were buttonholes .

4 -Red Army.

"Title candidate" was an intermediate step between junior and middle command personnel.

This title did not last long in the internal troops of the NKVD. Already in April 37th, by order of the NKVD of the USSR No. 169 of 04/21/1937, it was abolished as unnecessary.

3 -political instructor (political worker star on the sleeve),

4 - technician-quartermaster of the 2nd rank,

5 -Technician-quartermaster of the 1st rank,

6 - military technician of the 2nd rank,

7 - military technician of the 1st rank,

8 - military assistant of the 2nd rank,

9 - military assistant of the 1st rank.

It should be noted that if doctors wore their own emblems, which were defined by them back in 1922 and had not changed by 1935, then the emblems of veterinarians and technicians are shown here of the 1936 model. It is not completely clear what emblems the commanding staff wore in the collar tabs of the 1935 model, and wore them in general. It should also be noted that until July 1940, the military-political composition in buttonholes did not wear any emblems at all. Both in the NKVD and in the Red Army, they distinguished themselves with commissar stars on their sleeves.

* Senior command and command staff wore silver gaps and metal silver stars with a diameter of 13 mm in their buttonholes.

2 major,

3 -captain,

4 - regimental commissar,

5 - battalion commissar,

6 - senior political instructor,

7 -intendent of the 1st rank,

8 -intendent of the 2nd rank,

9 -intendent of rank 3,

10 - military engineer of the 1st rank,

11 - military engineer of the 2nd rank,

12 - military engineer of the 2nd rank,

13 - military doctor of the 1st rank,

14 - military veterinarian of the 2nd rank,

15 - military doctor of the 3rd rank.

Note. Persons with higher education and coming to military service in the Red Army or the internal troops of the NKVD, in the positions of commanding (but only commanding!) personnel, they immediately receive the rank of senior commanding personnel, bypassing all lower ranks. That is, a young man who graduated from a medical institute immediately receives the title of a military doctor of the 3rd rank, a young man who graduated technical university- military engineer of the 3rd rank. Institute graduate National economy- quartermaster of the 3rd rank.

* The highest command and command staff wore golden gaps and metal golden stars with a diameter of 13 mm in their buttonholes.

The highest rank in the internal troops of the NKVD was established as "commander of the 2nd rank". However, it was never assigned to anyone and remained purely nominal.

The figure shows the insignia of the 2nd rank army commander.

1 -comcor,

2 -divist,

3 -combrig,

4 - corps commissioner,

5 -divisional commissioner,

6 -brigadier commissar,

7 -divintendent,

8 -briginant,

9 -divengineer,

10 -brigengineer,

11 - doctor

12 - brigade doctor.

These insignia existed in the Internal Guard for a very short time - from October 1935 to July 1937. Many military personnel of the Internal Troops did not even have time to put them on, since they did not switch to new insignia at one time, but as they were awarded ranks. And this was not a mechanical process. For each serviceman, the issue of assigning one or another rank was decided individually in the order of certification. And the junior command staff generally switched to new insignia only in March 1936.

At the same time, I found it necessary to describe in detail these insignia and shape, so that the reader does not get stumped when he sees a photograph with strange, very rare buttonholes. For the same purpose, and also in order for the reader to see the differences in the signs, in the appendices I give the insignia of the personnel of the NKVD and the GULAG of the NKVD

Internal troops of the NKVD 1937-1942

Previously, it is necessary to recall what the internal troops of the NKVD were in 1937.

In 1937, the Main Directorate of the Border and Internal Security (GUPVO of the NKVD) was renamed the Main Directorate of the Border and Internal Troops of the NKVD of the USSR.

On February 2, 1939, the Council of People's Commissars of the USSR adopted a Resolution "On the reorganization of the management of border and internal troops", in accordance with which the Main Directorate of the Border and Internal Troops of the NKVD of the USSR was divided into six main directorates:

Main Directorate of Border Troops of the NKVD of the USSR;

Main Directorate of the NKVD Troops of the USSR for the Protection of Railway Structures;

Main Directorate of the NKVD Troops of the USSR for the Protection of Particularly Important Industrial Enterprises;

Main Directorate of Convoy Troops of the NKVD of the USSR;

Main Directorate of Military Supply of the NKVD of the USSR;

The Main Military Construction Directorate of the NKVD of the USSR.

November 20, 1939 The order of the NKVD of the USSR introduced the "Regulations on the convoy troops of the NKVD of the USSR". They carried out the tasks of escorting persons in custody, carried out external security in individual prisons. This Regulation provided for tasks for war time associated with the escort and protection of prisoners of war.

I must note that the convoy troops carried out their functions interspersed with the paramilitary guards of the GULAG (VOKHR GULAG NKVD). Some places of detention were guarded by fighters from convoy units, others by VOKhR.

Below we will talk about the form of clothing and insignia:

Troops of the NKVD SSR for the protection of especially important industrial enterprises,

NKVD troops for the protection of railway structures,

Convoy troops of the NKVD.

In addition, before the start and in the first weeks of the war, several rifle divisions of the internal troops of the NKVD were formed, whose staffs, numbers, weapons hardly differed from the rifle divisions of the Red Army. These divisions took part in the battles at the front on a par with the divisions of the Red Army.

Yesterday's brigade commanders, in the order of recertification, were assigned, depending on the position, either rank of colonel, or major general. However, this process dragged on and by the time the war began, there were still several brigade commanders in the NKVD troops, who still wore one diamond in their buttonholes.

With regard to the brigade commissars, the then head of the Main Political Directorate of the Red Army achieved a decision according to which the title of "brigade commissar" was no longer awarded, but the existing brigade commissars retained their rank and insignia until they were assigned the next rank (divisional commissar). Thus, some brigade commissars bore their rank until the complete abolition of the scale of political workers' ranks. in the fall 1942 year.

In accordance with the changes in titles, new ones are introduced insignia... For the highest command personnel of the NKVD troops (as in the Red Army), the shape of the buttonholes now becomes the same on both an overcoat and a jacket and tunic. The field of buttonholes is maroon, stars are metal or embroidered in golden color. Along the upper edge of the buttonholes there is a commanding gold galunchik 3 mm wide. The generals of the NKVD troops did not have emblems in their buttonholes.

The sleeve insignia are similar to the chevrons of the generals of the Red Army. and major generals and lieutenant generals wear the same chevrons .

The rest of the top commanding staff did not have any changes in the insignia in comparison with 1937. They continued to wear their rhombs in their buttonholes.

Insignia of the middle and senior command staff of the NKVD troops from July 1940:

For the newly introduced rank " corporal"The insignia was a horizontal red stripe on a 1 cm wide overcoat buttonhole, 5 mm on a tunic buttonhole. The same strip on the buttonholes has, in addition to triangles, all other persons of the junior command and command staff.

Insignia and rank of private and junior command and command personnel:

1 .Red Army. Infantry of the NKVD troops.

2 . Lance-corporal. Infantry of the NKVD troops.

With the beginning of the Great Patriotic War in August 1941 (Order of the NKO of the USSR No. 253 dated 1.8.1941) in Active army field buttonholes of green color were introduced without edging and without galunches. Triangles, cubes, sleepers also purchased green Colour. However, in units that do not belong to the Army in the field, the pre-war insignia .

Thus, in the NKVD troops, field insignia actually switched only in the rifle divisions of the NKVD troops, who fought at the front on a par with the divisions of the Red Army.

Distinguish a soldier rifle division The NKVD from a Red Army serviceman, while wearing both the same field insignia, is impossible at all.

Shoulder straps command staff:

1 -colonel (rifle units of the NKVD Internal Troops)),

2 - Lieutenant Colonel (cavalry units of the Internal Troops of the NKVD),

3 Major (armored units of the NKVD Internal Troops),

4 -captain (cavalry units of the Internal Troops of the NKVD).

5 - Senior Lieutenant (armored units of the Internal Troops of the NKVD).

6 Lieutenant (cavalry forces of the NKVD).

8 - junior lieutenant (rifle units of the NKVD Internal Troops).

Note. The same shoulder straps were worn in the NKVD (state security officers, officers of the internal service). But there, shoulder straps were worn without any emblems. But in the VV NKVD, emblems were required.

Shoulder straps commanding staff (examples):

1 -engineer-colonel,

2 - lieutenant of the quartermaster service,

3 - lieutenant of the medical service.

Veterinary officers have a silver emblem.

By the way, in 1943, there are galloons of officer shoulder straps with various weave patterns. Obviously, the patterns of the interlacing of the shoulder straps of the tsarist army (in which there were more than 20 different patterns of braid) were taken as a basis, different factories produced braid with different patterns, there was a process of searching for a single pattern of braid, which approximately ended only by 1955.

I would like to draw the attention of uniformitarianism lovers to two more not very noticeable, but very significant details.

The first is the arrangement of stars on the shoulder straps of the colonel and lieutenant colonel. The stars are not located in the gaps, but shifted to the edge of the shoulder strap. This is approximately how the stars were worn on the shoulder straps of the tsarist army, placing them on the sides of the encryption. But the fact is that in the tsarist army all the stars were of the same size -11 mm (1/4 vershok), and they were perfectly placed between the gap and the edge of the shoulder strap. And the stars of the 1943 model for senior officers were much larger than -20 mm in size, and when placed between the gap and the edge of the shoulder strap, the sharp ends of the stars often went beyond the edge of the shoulder strap and cling to anything - for example, the lining of the overcoat.

These stars will only shift into the clearances around 1947. Apparently, the displacement of the stars into the gaps was at first largely spontaneous, and later standardized.

And the second - up to the beginning of the sixties, the emblems were made of brass and, accordingly, either gilded or silver-plated. From the beginning of the sixties, they began to be made of white metal, which was anodized to give a golden color (if necessary).

All shoulder straps were attached to the uniform with a longitudinal belt loop sewn on the back of the shoulder strap. These epaulettes were designed to be worn on casual and dress uniforms.

Shoulder straps generals of the Internal Troops.

Unlike the army, there were few generals in the Internal Troops. During the Great Patriotic War, even the commanders of the Internal Troops of the NKVD did not rise in ranks higher than the "major general":

A.I.Guliev (1941-1942)

I.S.Sheredega (1942-1944).

And only A. N. Apollonov, who commanded the Internal Troops in 1944-1946, rose to the rank of "Colonel General".

Shoulder straps Generals of the Internal Troops differed from army generals only in the color of the shoulder straps edging (cornflower blue), adopted at that time in the Internal Troops.

Only everyday shoulder straps are known. There is no information about field shoulder straps for the generals of the Internal Troops.

In the picture on the left:

1 . Major General of the Internal Troops.

2 . Lieutenant General of the Internal Troops.

3 . Colonel General of the Internal Troops.

In subsequent years, the uniform and insignia of the Internal Troops more and more approached the army.

In 1955, with the abolition of the colored edging on the shoulder straps of soldiers and sergeants of the Soviet Army, cornflower-blue edging and the shoulder straps of soldiers and sergeants of the Internal Troops were leaving.

In 1970, with the introduction of a new uniform in the Soviet Army, a similar one was adopted for the Internal Troops. The cornflower blue color completely and completely leaves the objects of the form and insignia of the BB. It remains the main color of the KGB military. This department is already in the early fifties completely separated from Ministry of Internal Affairs and becomes completely independent.

From that time on, the military officer can be distinguished from the army officer only by the maroon color of the gaps on the shoulder straps, and the same maroon color of the buttonholes, edging on the uniform, and the soldiers and sergeants by the maroon color of the epaulettes and the letters BB on the shoulder straps.

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