In the Soviet Union, with great respect, they treated generals of the royal army, which moved to the side of the Bolsheviks. Each of them had their own reasons to break the oath to the emperor.

Mikhail Bonch-Broevich

Mikhail Dmitrievich Bonch-Bruevich became the first tsarist Generalwho swallowed to the "red" after October revolution. One of the reasons why he, who switched to the loyalty to the king and Fatherland, turned away from the old regime and took the direction of the enemy of his sovereign, was the inconsistency of the ideals that the royal power preached, and the reality in which the Russian people lived. Bonch-Broyevich himself wrote: "The dedication to the monarchical system assumed the confidence that we have, in Russia there is the best image of the board and because we are all better than anywhere else. "Kvass" patriotism was inherent in all people of my profession and a circle, and therefore, every time the true situation of things in the country was found, the crack expanded in the soul. It became clear that royal Russia It can not live anymore, but to fight and eat ... ".

According to Mikhail Dmitrievich, "the interests of Russia and the dynasty are not the same thing; The first should have been unconditional to sacrifice the last. " Since the Romanov Dynasty was closely related to relationship with the German princes and the emperor of the German Empire, Romanovs were forgated, according to Bonch-Bruevich, even the most frank betrayal during the war, if they were made by people close to the Imperial Yard. In the "Red" Bonch-Broyevich saw "the only force capable of saving Russia from collapse and complete destruction."

Alexey Brusilov

Alexey Alekseevich Brusilov, famous for his famous "Brusilovsky breakthrough", after the February and October revolution, firmly decided not to separate from the soldiers and remain in the army, "while she will exist or still not change me." Later, he said that he considereds the duty of every citizen not to give up his people and live with him, whatever he was worth it.

The general past was the cause of Brusylov's arrest of the CC authorities in August 1918, but thanks to the petition of the colleagues of the general who had already been in the Red Army, Brusilov was soon released. While he was before 1918 under house arrest, his son, a former cavalid officer, was called in the ranks of the Red Army. Fighting at the fronts of the Civil War, during the onset of the troops of General Denikin to Moscow, he was captured and he was hanged.

For his father, it was the last straw. Judging by his memoirs "My memories", he never had trusted the Bolsheviks to the end. But he fought on their side to the very end.

Vasily Altfater.

Council Admiral of the Russian Fleet Vasily Mikhailovich Altfater, who participated in the defense of Port Arthur during russian-Japanese war And worked in naval administration during the First World War, became the first commander of the RKKF. That's what he wrote in his statement to the Bolsheviks: "So far I served only because I considered it necessary to be useful Russia. I did not know you and did not believe you. Even now, much is not clear to me, but I was convinced - you love Russia, more than many of our. "

Altfater succumbed to the overall disappointment in the previous mode, which was not able to bring the country out of the crisis. On the one hand, he saw corruption and the decomposable fleet control apparatus, on the other - new power, the power of tips, which is loud slogans with ease conquered the hearts of sailors, soldiers and ordinary people. If you believe sources, for Altfatera, the fleet service was not a means of existence, and the profession of "Defender of the Motherland". The feeling for a long time for the future of Russia pushed him to go to the side of the "red".

Alexander von Taube

Alexander Alexandrovich von Taube, Lieutenant-General russian armyHe moved to the side of Soviet power and became famous as "Siberian Red General". He, like Altfater, one of the first moved to the side of the Bolsheviks, guided by the personal conviction of the right thing of the communist. A non-last role in his choice was played by destruction that reigned in the army, with which neither the emperor or the temporary government could not cope. During civil War He participated in the creation of a combat-ready red army, actively and successfully led to the fight against the White Guard forces.

Dmitry Shuvayev

Dmitry Savelyevich Shuvayev - General from Infanteria, Military Minister of the Russian Empire during the First World War, was arrested by HCC immediately after the October Revolution and could not emigrate from the country. Therefore, after liberation, he decided to take advantage of the proposal of the Soviets and join the Red Army.

Shuvayev took the position of chief military internant in Petrograd, as well as the place of the teacher of the highest tactical rifle school "Shot" in Moscow. But in 1937 he was twice charged in counter-revolutionary activities and anti-Soviet agitation, and shot in Lipetsk.

Vasily Iosifovich Gurko

In this article we will tell about one of the best generals of the Russian Empire, which is the first world War He began the head of the division, and finished it by commander-in-chief forces Western Front.

Vasily Iosifovich Gurko (Romeyko-Gurko) was born in 1864 in the royal village. His father - Feldmarshal General Iosif Vasilyevich Gurko, the hereditary nobleman of the Mogilev province, is known for his victories in the Russian-Turkish war of 1877-1878.

He studied V.I. Gurko in Richelian gymnasium. After graduating from the Piece Corps, in 1885 he began the service in the Leib Guard Grodno Gusar Regiment. Then he studied in the Nikolaev Academy of the General Staff, consisted of an officer for instructions, an Ober-officer with the commander of the Warsaw Military District.

Anglo-Board War

The second English-Board War is 1899-1902. - War of the Borsk Republic: the Republic of South Africa (Republic of Transval) and the Orange Free State (Orange Republic) against Great Britain. She ended with the victory of Great Britain, but world public opinion was mainly on the side of small republics. In Russia, the song "Transval, My Country, you are all right on fire, was very popular in Russia. In this war, the British first applied the tactics of the scorched land on the Earth of the bers (the total destruction of any objects of industrial, agricultural, civilian destination during the retreat so that they do not get the enemy) and concentration campswhere about 30 thousand bursk women and children and an unidentified number of black Africans died.

Anglo-Board War

In 1899 V.I. Gurko was sent to the army of the drills in Transvaal by the observer for the course of hostilities. He fulfilled the mission successfully and was awarded the Order of St. Vladimir 4th degree, and for the difference in service in 1900, made in Colonels.

Russian-Japanese war

With the beginning of the Russian-Japanese war V.I. Gurko is in the Manchurian army, performing various tasks: covered the retreat of the detachment to Liaoyan; During the Liaoyan battle, provided a breakthrough between I and III by Siberian corps and protected the left flank of the army; took part in the organization of attacks of Putilovskaya Sopov, and then he was appointed head of the Putilov section of the defense; formed the headquarters of the corps at the detachment of General Rennencup, which was standing in Cino; Organized the defense of the left left flank and the connection with the rear and others. For the battle under Liaoyan 17-21 August 1904. V. I. Gurko was awarded the Order of St. Anna 2nd degree with swords, and for the battle on the Shah eek River on September 22 - October 4, 1904 and the capture of Putilovsk Schooga - golden weapons with the inscription "For courage".

Battle with Loyana. Picture of an unknown Japanese artist

At the end of the Russian-Japanese war, in 1906-1911, V.I. Gurko was Chairman of the Military Historical Commission on the description of the Russian-Japanese war. And in March 1911, he was appointed Head of the 1st Cavalry Division.

World War I

The first battle, in which part of the Gurko participated - Markburgh, on August 1, 1914, the battle lasted half an hour - and the Russian divisions were traded by Marcbrov. Comda Gurko showed personal courage in him.

Capturing the city, V.I. Gurko organized intelligence and destroyed the detected communications tools of the enemy. An opponent's correspondence was captured, which was useful for the command of the 1st Russian Army.

IN AND. Gurko

When the German army passed into the offensive, during the first battle of the Mazur lakes in August 1914 from two German cavalry divisions (48 squadrons), who went to the rear of the 1st Russian army, were keen during the day cavalry Division Gurko 24 squadron. All this time, part of V. I. Gurko reflected the attacks of superior forces of the German cavalry, which the infantry and artillery was supported.

In September, Connee V. I. Gurko covered the retreat from Eastern Prussia compounds of the 1st Army. In October 1914, for active actions during the battle in East Prussia, the General was awarded the Order of St. George 4th degree.

In Eastern Prussia, Gurko showed all his abilities of a warlord capable of independent active actions.

In early November V.I. Gurko was appointed corpus commander during the Lodz operation.

Lodz operation - This is a major battle on Eastern Front First World War, one of the most complex and heavy in 1914 on the Russian side, 1st Army (Commander - P. K. Rennenkopf, 2nd Army (Commander - S. M. Sheideman) and 5th Army (commander - P. A. Plevie). This battle had an uncertain outcome. German plan The surroundings of the 2nd and 5th Russian armies failed, but also the planned Russian offensive deep into Germany was torn.

After the completion of the operation, the commander of the 1st Army Rennekampf and the commander of the 2nd Army Sheideman was removed from their posts.

The 6th Army Corps V.I. Gurko was the main compound of the 1st Army in the Lovichi Battle (the final stage of the Lodz battle). The first battles of the part of V. I. Gurko were successful, the counterattacks of the enemy were reflected. By mid-December, the hull Gurko took a 15-kilometer part of the front at the confluence of the Bzura rivers and the zervka, and here his troops first encountered a German chemical weapon.

The 1915th year began with the hardest battles in the Wince Shidlovskaya estate area. This military operation Weakly prepared, counterattacks of opponents replaced each other, the troops carried large losses, but the fights ended with nothing. Gurko warned about it in advance, but was forced to obey the command. Although his protests still had consequences - they led to an accelerated collapse of the operation.

From June 1915, the 6th Army Corps Gurko became part of the 11th Army of the South-Western Front in the R. Dniester. Under the command of V. I. Gurko turned out to be at least 5 infantry divisions.

General V.I. Gurko

In an offensive operation at Zhuravino on May 27 - 2 June 1915, the troops of the 11th Russian army caused a major defeat of the Southern German army. In these successful actions, the central place belongs to V. I. Gurko: his troops defeated two enemy buildings, 13 thousand military captured 6 artillery guns, more than 40 machine guns. The enemy was discarded on the right bank of the Dniester, the Russian troops approached the major railway node western Ukraine The city is strict (12 km remained before it). The enemy was forced to turn off the offensive in the Galich direction and engage in regrouping forces. But the victorious offensive of the Russian army was twisted as a result of a Gorlitsky breakthrough. The period of defense began.

But the merits of General V. I. Gurko were assessed: for battles on Dniester, he was awarded in November 1915 by the Order of St. George 3rd degree.

In the autumn of 1915, the Russian front stabilized - the position war began.

In December 1915, Gurko was appointed commander of the 5th Army of the Northern Front, in the winter of 1915/16. He was engaged in the improvement of defensive positions and combat training of troops. March 5-17, 1916, his army participated in one of the unsuccessful offensive operations According to the breakthrough of the echelonized defense of the enemy - the Narvar Operation of the Northern and Western Fronts. The main task of Russian troops was to facilitate the position of the French at Verden. The 5th Army applied auxiliary strikes. The offensive took place in hard weather conditions. Gurko wrote about this: "These battles with clarity demonstrated the fact that the offensive undertaken in the conditions of a trench war during the periods of frosts or winter thaws, in our climate puts the attacking troops in extremely unprofitable compared with the defendant opponent, the situation. In addition, from personal observations of the actions of the troops and their bosses, I concluded that the preparation of our parts and headquarters is completely insufficient for the conduct of offensive actions in a positional war. "

IN AND. Gurko

By the end of May, the 5th Army of General V. I. Gurko included 4 corps. Preparing for the summer campaign. Special attention to the teamarm paid artillery and aviation preparation of the upcoming offensive.

From August 14, 1916, V. I. Gurko was appointed commander of the military army of the Western Front, but the offensive of 1916 was already exhausted. Gurko understood it, but it came to the case creatively: paid special attention to the seizure of key points of the opponent's position, which was well fortified, as well as artillery training. On September 19-22, the special and 8th Army conducted an unsuccessful 5th Kovel Battle. Lacked hard shells. Gurko said that when they were absence of September 22, he will be forced to suspend operation, although he perfectly understood that the Germans had a stubborn and continuous operation of the operation, considering that every break would start to start everything first and makes the losses incurred. "

Termination of active operations were dangerous - the German reserves were focused mainly in the strip of a special army. An important task was to reduce their ability to active actions. This goal was achieved: the Germans could not be removed from the front of a special army not a single division, they even had to strengthen this section with fresh parts.

Military historian of Russian abroad A. A. Kershnovsky considered General Gurko The best of the commanders of the armies in the 1916 campaigns. He wrote: "Of the commanders of the armies, General Gurko should be put on the first place. Unfortunately, he appeared on Volyn too late. The volitional, energetic and intelligent chief, he demanded a lot from the troops and commanders, but a lot and gave them in return. His orders and instructions are brief, clear, imbued with the offensive spirit, put the troops in best status With the most seriously difficult and disadvantageous atmosphere. Harbor Gurco Lutsk breakthrough, it is difficult to say where the victorious shelves of the 8th Army would stop, and they would stop at all. "

During leave for sickness M. V. Alekseeva Gurko from November 11, 1916. Until February 17, 1917, he performed the responsibilities of the headquarters of the Supreme Commander.

IN AND. Gurko together with General A. S. Lukovsky developed a 1917 campaign plan, which provided for the transfer of a strategic decision to Romanian front and Balkans. But with the plan of Gurko-Lukovsky, except A.A. Brusylova, no one agreed. "Our main enemy is not Bulgaria, but Germany," considered the other commander-in-chiefs.

The February coup of 1917 found V. I. Gurko at the front, in a special army. It began to clean the army from the disagreeable new power of the military managers, and on March 31, 1917 he was appointed commander-in-chief of the Western Front's armies, whose headquarters was located in Minsk. But the army has already decomposed in the revolutionary ugar. The policy of new authorities led to the death of the army.

On May 15, 1917, the Declaration of Rights of Servicemen was published. Gurco filed the Supreme Commander and the Minister of Chairman of the Provisional Government to the report that he "removes all responsibility for prosperous business." During the preparation of this document, he wrote: "The proposed rules are completely incompatible with the life of troops and military discipline, and therefore their use will inevitably lead to a complete decomposition of the army ...".

On May 22, Gurko was shifted from office and sent to the supreme commander-in-chief with the prohibition of holding posts above the chief of division, i.e. The position with which he began war. It was an insult for a combat general.

Exile

IN AND. Gurko in emigration

On July 21, 1917, he was arrested for correspondence with the former emperor Nikolai II and placed in the Trubetskaya bastion of the Petropavlovsk fortress, but soon released. And on September 14, 1917, V. I. Gurko was dismissed from service and with the assistance of the British authorities through Arkhangelsk he arrived in England. Then he moved to Italy. Here V.I. Gurko actively participated in the Russian Promotional Union (Ross), which united military organizations and unions of white emigration in all countries, collaborated in the "Clock" magazine.

Cover magazine "WEP" in 1831

This magazine was rightly called the chronicles of the Russian military in emigration, the encyclopedia of military thought abroad.

Book V.I. Gurko

Vasily Iosifovich Gurko was died on February 11, 1937; He was buried at the Roman noncatolic cemetery of Doughchcho.

Awards V.I. Gurko

• Order of St. Stanislava 3rd Art. (1894);
• Order of St. Anne 3th Art. (1896);
• Order of St. Vladimir 4th Art. (1901);
• Order of St. Stanislav 2nd Art. with swords (1905);
• Golden weapon (1905);
• Order of St. Vladimir 3rd Art. with swords (1905);
• Order of St. Anne 2nd Art. with swords (1905);
• Order of St. Stanislav 1st Art. (1908).
• Order of St. George 4th Art. (25.10.1914).
• Order of St. Vladimir 2nd Art. with swords (06/04/1915);
• Order of St. George 3rd Art. (11/03/1915).

It remains only once again to amaze the fact that it is easy to soviet authority She said goodbye to those who brought the glory of Russia and who did not gentle their lives for her. Getting acquainted with the biographies of military commander of the Russian Empire, partly understand the causes of the heavy results of the Great Patriotic War - all old Guard Was or destroyed, or expelled abroad.

Family V.I. Gurko

In Italy V.I. Gurko married a French frangian tragrio. His only daughter of Catherine was a nun (in Mary's monastics). Died in 2012 and buried in the Russian cemetery of St. Geneviev de Boua in Paris.

Every 10th general and officer of the Russian Empire was Armenian by nationality

Armenians in the Russian tsarist army for special study. In total, during the existence of the Russian Empire, there were about 1300 generals in the Russian army, of which 132 General (10%) were Armenians by nationality.

In terms of generals, a similar percentage is observed among the officer. As for ordinary soldiers of Armenian origin, they, by the beginning of the 20th century, there were 250 thousand people, with total number royal army -5 million soldiers (i.e. 5% of all ground Forces Russia).

We present you a list of Armenian generals in the royal army of Russia:
1. Alexander Vasilyevich Suvorov (Manukyan) (1729-1800) Armenian on Mother.)
2. Abamelak David Semenovich (1774-1833), Major General (1818).
3. Abamelek Ivan Semenovich (1768-1828), Major General (1817).
4. Abamelak Solomon Iosifovich (1853-1911), Lieutenant-General.
5. Abamelak - Lazarev Artemiy Davidovich (1823-1885), Major General.
6. Abamelak - Lazarev Semen Davydovich (1815-1888), Major General (1859).
7. Akimov Nikolai Agafonovich (1842-1913), General of Cavalry (1906).
8. Alkazz Yakov Kaihosrovich (1826-1896), General from infanteria ( full of general Infantry) (1891).
9. Amirov Solomon Artemievich General Major.
10. Arapetov Pavel Ivanovich (1780-1853), Major General (1813).
11. Argutinsky-Dolgorukov David Luarsabovich (1843-1910), Gen.-Lieutenant (1903).
12. Argutinsky-Dolgorukov Moses Zakharovich (1797-1855), Gen.-Adjutant (1848).
13. Aruutinov Tigran Danilovich (1858-1916), Lieutenant-General (1915).
14. Arzruni Egor Semenovich (1804-1877), Major General.
15. Arzruni Eremia Georgievich (1804-1877), Major General (1861).
16. Atabekov Andrei Adamovich (1854-1918), General from Artillery (1916).
17. Akhverdov Gabriel Vasilyevich General Major (1917).
18. Akhverdov Ivan Vasilyevich (1873-1931), Major General (1916).

19. Akhverdov Nikolay Alexandrovich (1800-1876), Lieutenant-General (1855).
20. Akhverdov Nikolai Isaevich (1755-1817), Lieutenant-General (1807).
21. Akhverdov Nikolai Nikolaevich General Major (1898).
22. Akhverdov Fedor Isaevich (1773-1820), Major General (1808).
23. Ahsharumov Veniamin Ivanovich General Lieutenant (1873).
24. Ahsharumov Dmitry Ivanovich (1792-1837), Lieutenant-General.
25. Bagram Ivan Sergeevich (1860-1921), Major General (1912).
26. Bagratuni Yakov Gerasimovich (1879-1943), Major General (1917).
27. Bebutov Arseny Ivanovich (1834-1913), Major General (1904)
28. Bebutov Vasily Osipovich (1791-1858), General from infanteria (full generated infantry) (1856)
29. Bebutov David Grigorievich (1855-1931), Major General (1917)
30. Bebutov David Osipovich (1793-1867), Lieutenant-General (1856)
31. Bebutov Nikolay Vasilyevich (1839-1904), Major General (1895)
32. Bejabek Pavel Petrovich (1869-1956), Major General (1917)
33. Bektabekov Alexander Evseevich (1819-1876), Major General (1869)
34. Bektabekov Solomon Ivanovich (1803-1860), Major General (1848)
35. Budagov Grigory Ivanovich (1820-1882), Admiral
36. Vartanov Artemy Solomonovich (1855-1937), Lieutenant-General (1913)
37. Warsham Ivan Sergeevich (1828-1907), Major General (1878)
38. Vakhramov Ivan Grigorievich General Major (1886)

39. Vekovilov Avvakum Gerasimovich General Lieutenant (1911)
40. Gadzhaev Alexander Beck Agabian-Beck General Major (1917)
41. Grigorov Mikhail Gavrilovich General from artillery (1878)
42. Delyanov David Artemyevich (1763-1837), Major General (1813)
43. Dolukhanov Arseny Sergeevich General Major (1916)
44. Dolukhanov Hozre Mirzabekovich General Lieutenant (1893)
45. Calantar Stepan Gerasimovich (1855-1926), Lieutenant-General (1915)
46. \u200b\u200bCalantar Stepan Isaevich General Major (1900)
47. Kalachev Nikolai Khristorovich (1886-1942), Major General (1913)
48. Kalustov Nikita Makarovich, Lieutenant-General (1864)
49. Kamsarakan Arshak Petrosovich (1851-1936), Major General (1913)
50. Kamsarakan Konstantin Petrosovich (1840-1922), Lieutenant-General
51. Karangozov Konstantin Adamovich (1852-1907), Major General (1902)
52. Karganov Alexander Alexandrovich, Major General (1884)
53. Kasparov Ivan Petrovich (1740-1814), Lieutenant-General (1808)
54. Kethudov Alexander Egorovich General Major
55. Kishmishev Stepan Osipovich (1833-1897), Lieutenant-General (1888)
56. Corganov Adam Solomonovich General from Cavalry (1911)
57. Korganov Gabriel Grigorievich (1880-1954), Major General (1917)
58. Korganov Gavril Ivanovich (1806-1879), Major General
59. Corganov Grigory Gavrilovich (1844-1914), Major General (1906)
60. KORGANOV Osip Ivanovich (1811-1870), Major General (1858)
61. Lazarev Alexander Ivanovich (1858-1913), Major General (1910)
62. Lazarev Ivan Davidovich (1820-1879), Lieutenant-General (1860)
63. Lazarev Lazar Ekimovich (1797-1871), Major General.
64. Lalaev Matve Stepanovich (1828-1912), General from Artillery (1896)
65. Lissev Daniel Christforovich General Major.
66. Loris-Melikov Ivan Egorovich (1834-1878), Major General (1875)

67. Loris Melikov Mikhail Tarielovich (1825-1888), General from Cavalry (1875)
68. Madatov Avram Petrovich General Major (1880)
69. Madatov Valerian Grigorievich (1782-1829), Lieutenant-General (1826)
70. Mardanov Alexander Yakovlevich General Major (1904)
71. Marcarov Ivan Khristorovich (1844-1931), Adjutant General
72. Marcosov Vasily Ivanovich (1838-1908), General from infanthery (full of infantry general) (1908)
73. AMESALOM IVANOVICH Lieutenant-General (1914)
74. Melik-avanyan Enthan Gukasovich General Major (1734)
75. Melik-Allahverdov Alexander Romanovich General Major (1918)
76. Melik-Pondunov Shaamir-Khan Fridunovich General Major.
77. Melik-Gaikaz Isaac Osipovich General Major (1895)
78. Melik-Shahnazarov Mikhail Intermovich (1838-1898), Major General.
79. Melik-Shahnazar Nikita Grigorievich General Lieutenant (1898)
80. Melik-Shahnazarov Nikolai Interlumovich (1851-1917), Gen.-Lieutenant (1917)
81. Melik-Shahnazar Pavl Dmitrievich (1854-1910), Gen.-Lieutenant (1917/1918)
82. Melikov Ivan Grigorievich General Major.
83. Melikov Levan Ivanovich (1817-1892), General of Cavalry (1869)
84. Melikov Nikolay Levanovich (1867-1924), Major General.
85. Melikov Pavel Moiseevich (1781-1848), Major General (1829) 86. Melikov Peter Levanovich (1862-1921), Major General (1909)
87. Sergey Nikolayevich Malov, General from infanteria.

88. Nazarbekov Foma Ivanovich (1855-1931), General from infanteria
89. Nazarov Konstantin Alekseevich General Major.
90. Ohanovsky Petr Ivanovich General Lieutenant (1910)
91. Pirates Konstantin Andreevich General Major (1911)
92. Posoev Georgy Avetikovich General Major (1915)
93. Poseev Leon Avetikovich Lieutenant-General (1913)
94. Rosev Ruben Avetikovich General Major (1915)
95. Salags Semen Ivanovich (1756-1820), Lieutenant-General (1800)
96. Sanjanov Israel Agaparunovich General Major (1888)
97. Sarajev Vasily Alexandrovich General Major (1903)
98. Serebryakov Lazar Markovich (1792-1862), Admiral Fleet.
99. Serezryakov Semen Osipovich General Major (1856)
100. Silikov Movses Mikhailovich (1862-1937), Major General (1917)
101. Simonov Ivan Iosifovich General Major (1911)
102. Sumbatov Georgy Louarsabovich General Major (1877)
103. Sumbatov David Aleksandrovich General Lieutenant (1888)
104. Sumbatov Mikhail Louarsabovich (1822-1886), Major General (1883)
105. Tamamshzhev Vasily Mikhailovich General Major (1913)
106. Tanutrov Zakhar Egorovich General Major (1854)
107. Tahatelov Isak Artemievich Lieutenant-General

108. Ter-Akopov Ter-Marcossian Vagarshak General Major (1916)
109. Ter-Asaturov Dmitry Bogdanovich General Lieutenant (1886)
110. Ter-Asaturov Nikolai Bogdanovich General Major (1910)
111. TERGUCASOV ARZASAS ARMEMEVICH (1819-1881), Lieutenant-General (1874)
112. Tigranov Leonid Faddeevich General Major (1916)
113. Tumanov Alexander Georgievich (1821-1872), Lieutenant-General (1871)
114. Tumanov Georgy Aleksandrovich (1856-1918), General of Cavalry (1916)
115. Tumanov Georgy Evseevich (1839-1901), General from Infanteria (full generated infantry) (1891)
116. Tumanov Isaac Shioshievich (1803-1880), Lieutenant-General (1871)
117. Tumanov Konstantin Aleksandrovich (1862-1933), Gen.-Lieutenant (1917)
118. Tumanov Mikhail Georgievich (1848-1905), Major General (1902)
119. Tumanov Nikolai Georgievich General Lieutenant (1911)
120. Tumanov Nikolay Evseevich (1844-1917), General Engineer (1907)

121. Tumanov Nikolai Ivanovich General Lieutenant (1914)
122. Uzbashev Artemy Solomonovich General Major (1892)
123. Khastatov Akim Vasilyevich (1756-1809), Major General (1796)
124. Khojaminas Tarkhan Agamalovich Lieutenant-General (1882)
125. Christophers Lazar (1690-1750), Major General (1734)
126. Chilyaev Boris Gavrilovich (1798-1864), Major General.
127. Chilyaev Sergey Gavrilovich (1803-1864), Major General (1850)
128. Shaitanov Dmitry Avanesovich General Major (1877)
129. Shahatunyan Gevorg Oganesovich (1836-1915), Major General (1887)
130. Shelkovnikov Boris Martynovich (1837-1878), Major General (1876)
131. Solknikov Vladimir Yakovlevich General Major (1886)
132. Ebelov Mikhail Isaevich (1855-1919), General from infanteria (full generated infantry)

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In the chronicles of military glory Russian state inscribed names of more than 200 generals of Armenian origin. They all distinguished themselves to the martial spirit and determination, their courage and courage were marked by many awards and higher noble titles. Below are the names and titles of the Ten generals of the Russian Empire of Armenian origin:

1. David Delianov (David Arutyunovich Dalakyan (1763 -1837)) - Major General of the Russian Imperial Army. Born in Moscow. As part of the Sumy Gusar Regiment fought in Prussia against Napoleon's troops. It was distinguished in the battles near Friedland (1806-1807), Borodino battle, foreign campaigns of Russian troops in Prussia and France (1813-1814). The owner of a variety of orders and awards. Son - Ivan Davydovich Delianov, Minister of Enlightenment of the Russian Empire.

2. Valerian Madatov (Madatyan Gruzhievich (1782 - 1829)) - Prince, Lieutenant-General. Born in the Karabakh village of Avletaranin (Chanakhi) near Shushi. Participated in the Russian-Turkish war (1806 -1812), Patriotic War (1812) and foreign hits of the Russian army (1813-1814), after which he became Major General. Later, participated in the Russian-Persian (1826-1828) and Russian-Turkish wars (1828-1829). Awarded St. George Cross IV degrees and rank of lieutenant colonel for the battle battle, in which a four-thousandth equestrian squad of the Turks spread out of the noise broke with 2 squadron. Khachatur Abovyan wrote about him in the work of the "wounds of Armenia": "The world can turn over, but the memory of him is indelible in our people and in our country."

3. Mikhail Lazarev (1788-1851) - Admiral, Adjutant General. Born in the noble family of Lazarev in Vladimir. In 1832 he became the commander of the Black Sea fleet and ports of the Black Sea. Two years later (1834) Governor of Sevastopol and Nikolaev. Thanks to Lazarev, the first iron steamer and steam vessels were created in Russia. He was a mentor of three Russian Flotovodians: P.Nakhimova, V. Kornilova and V.Tistinity. Antarctician discoverer.

4. Vasily Bebutov (Vasil Ovsepovich Babutyan (1791 - 1858)) - Prince, General from Infanteria. Born in Tiflis. It came from the princely kind of Bebutov. Participated in the Russian-Turkish War (1806-1812), the Patriotic War (1812) and the Crimean War (1853-1856). In 1830, he was appointed head of the newly conquered Armenian region, which was ruled by 8 years. In 1847-1858 he became the head of civil administration and chairman of the Chief Department of the Transcaucasian Territory. Bebutov was the first in the Caucasus who were awarded the Higher Order of the Russian Empire - the Order of the Holy Apostle Andrei First Called (1854).

5. Lazar of Serebryakov (Kazar Marcosovich Arzatogantsyan (1792 - 1862)) - Admiral of the Russian Fleet, nobleman. Born in Karasubazar (Belogorsk, Crimea). He participated in the battle under the fortress of Varna and takes the Varna heights, cities of Messemia, Musdi and Inada, Anapa Fortresses. As part of the Embassy Mission, General Nikolai Muravyov, Serebryakov visited Turkey and Egypt, contributing to the final expulsion of the Turks from the Caucasian coast. In 1851 he became the head of the entire Black Sea coastline and a member of the Caucasian Department of the Imperial Russian geographical society. During Crimean war (1853-1856) commanded ships on the eastern shore of the Black Sea and military expeditions to the southeast Turkish garrisons. In March 1855, in the midst of the bloody defense of Sevastopol received the news of the death of the eldest son of Marcos.

6. Moses Argutinsky-Dolgorukov (Movses Argutyan (1797 - 1855)) - Prince, Lieutenant-General, Patriarch's nephew of the Armenian Apostolic Church of Joseph Argutinsky-Dolgorukova. Born in Tiflis. For combat differences in persian War Was produced in lieutenant colonels. He took an active part in organizing the resettlement of Persian Armenians (1828). In 1829-1830 - Head of the Armenian Region. For 23 years of residence in the Caucasus, there was continuous expeditions on the harm of the revolving Mountain peoples of the Caucasus. In 1842 he led the Samurian detachment, having received the nickname "Samurian Lion." In 1847, he was appointed Derbent Military Governor, as well as commander of the troops in the Caspian region. Awarded the Order St. George IV degree.

7. Arzas Artemyevich Ter-Ghukasov (Arshak Ter-Ghukasyan (1819 - 1881)) - Lieutenant-General. The son of Shamhorsky Archpriest, the rector of the Tiflis Nizhne Avlabar Church ("Shamkhorunz Karmir Carmetaran"). Born in Tiflis. Participated in many Caucasian expeditions. Thanks to the colonical talent of Ter-Gukasov, his division defeated Turks in the Russian-Turkish war (1877-1878) and liberated the cities of Bayazet and Alashkert. Organizer and honorary trustee of the Grozny Gorskaya elementary school. Awarded 7 orders.

8. Ivan Lazarev (Zovanes Lazaryan (1820 - 1879)) - Lieutenant-General, nobleman. Born in Shushe. It took from the Karabakh Becks. He took part in the expeditions on the pacification of the mountain peoples of the Caucasus, all the ranks and Order received for exceptional combat merit. In 1850, he was appointed Managing Mehtulin Khanate, in 1854, Darginsky District, in 1859 - commander of the troops and the head of temporary management in average Dagestan. Becoming in 1860, Lieutenant General, Lazarev took part in the siege and taking Guniba. Ivan Lazarev was the successor to Mikhail Loris-Melikova as the commander of the Caucasus Corps. Awarded 9 orders.

9. Mikhail Tarielovich Loris Melikov (Mikael Tarielovich Loris-Melikyan (1825 - 1888))- Minister of Internal Affairs of the Russian Empire. From the kind of hereditary bailiffs and princes of the Lori region. Born in Tiflis. In the Caucasus served 32 years, took part in 180 battles with the mountaineers and the Turks. In 1865, Mikhail Loris Melikov became General Adjutant of Emperor Alexander II and the Okavna Ataman of Teresky cossack troops. Governor-General of the Astrakhan, Saratov, Samara and Kharkiv provinces. The Minister of Internal Affairs with extended authority, conducted a liberal policy called "heart dictatorship", planned the creation of a representative body with legitimate powers. Author of the First Constitution of Russia, Honorary Member Russian Academy science Awarded a variety of awards.

10. Boris Shelkovnikov (Babut Martirovich Metakhsyan (1837 - 1878) - Major General. The descendant of an old kind. Born in Nukh (Sheki, Azerbaijan). Military governor of the Erzermum region, participant of the Crimean War (1853-1856). During russian-Turkish war (1877-1878), the forces entrusted to him the troops of Slotkovnikov, the plans of the Turks on the seizure of Sochi, and then, going to the counter-offensive conquer Abkhazia (1877). It should be noted that Boris Slotkovnikov is a brother of the famous lieutenant colonel George Shelkovnikova.

Forgotten pages of the Great War

Generals of the 14th year

Academy of General Staff

Yes, Suvorov among the Russian generals of 1914 was not found. However, Napoleon was not found among the French generals, Caesar - among the Italian, Generalissimus Evgenia Savoy - among the Austrian. The German generals of Hindenburg and Ludendorff were certainly bright figures of the First World War, but they lost the war. So the statements seem to be Russia and its army more than others - and the allies, and opponents suffered from the progress of command, to put it mildly, are bodied.

Finally, it is worth noting that the military genius, like our Alexander Vasilyevich, are born on the planet extremely rare. The commander of this level can be tailored to the fingers. And most of the wars in history led military leaders from where less gifted.

What are you in our case? Who are they - generals of the 14th year?

To begin with, some statistics, which will help us determine the "passport details" of the command composition of the Russian Imperial Army. By 1914, the state was listed on the state of 1574: full (something average between the modern army general and Colonel-General) - 169, Lieutenant General - 371, Major General - 1034.

Higher Military Education (Nikolaev Academy of General Staff, Mikhailovskaya Artillery, Nikolaev Engineering, Alekseevskaya Legal, Intensdant Academy) had 56 percent. Among the complete generals, the percentage is higher - 62. In 1914, the army consisted of 36 Army buildings and 1 Guards. Of the 37 commander of the corps 33 had a higher military education, in the overwhelming majority graduated from the General Staff Academy. Interestingly, among those who did not have higher education - the commander Guards corps General of the disgraces and the future heroic commander of the South-Western Front, and in 1914 the commander of the 12th Army Corps of Brusilov.

If we compare the highest officers of Russia in front of the Russian-Japanese and First World War in the educational category, the variables are stripped. Among the commanders of the regiments higher education Could boast 9 percent more. It was 30%, it became 39%. But among commander's commander was 57%, it became 90%!

Changes touched and age qualifications. In 1903, 67% were 67% among corpus commanders, in 1914, only 10% remained. Among the regimental commanders who have overloaded a 50-year-old frontier, 28% remained from 49%. The bulk of the commanders of infantry divisions was aged 51-60 years, cavalry - 46-55 years. In absolute figures - 65 and 13 lieutenant-general, respectively.

As you know, the "nationality" graphs in the formation of the empire was not available. She was replaced by the graph "Religion". However, statistics were carried out on the "National Thread". The overwhelming majority of the generals were Russians: 86%. Each tenth general was either an ethnic German or a Pole (7 and 3 percent, respectively).

As for class times, again, the overwhelming majority of the generals were from the nobles. Almost 88%. But the nobility of the service, and not local. At the beginning of the twentieth century, few representatives of the noble estate remained landowners. And among the officers, especially. So, among the corpus commanders, only five had land ownership. The same is among the division commanders. Even among the commanders of the Guards regiments, and the Guard - the military elite of the country, less than 40% owned land and estates. Lived on salary. It, by the way, was noticeably inferior to the salary of civil officials who occupied the same positions in the table of ranks as the generals.

In addition to buildings, divisions and regiments, generals before 1914 served in the military ministry, military educational institutions, artillery, engineering and railway troops, a separate building of gendarmes, border guard, on a fleet. By the way, 60 admirals served in the Imperial Fleet.

Nicholas II and Son of the Grand Duke Nikolai Nikolayevich-senior, the grandson of Emperor Nicholas I

It's time to submit several people of the highest general general of the Russian army. Ten days before Russia's accession to the First World War, the Uncle of the Emperor was appointed Supreme Commander Grand Duke Nikolai Nikolaevich Jr. Among the members of the surname, his name was Nikolai, in the army - Lucava (from the prayer "Our Father" - "... Yes, you save us from the oval").

The grounds for such a nickname in the troops were there. The son of the Grand Duke Nikolai Nikolayevich-senior and grandson of Emperor Nikolai I inherited some features of the character of grandfather and great-grandfather Paul I. was quick-tempered and terrible in anger. What did not contribute to the desire of commanders of the compounds and parts to meet with the Grand Duke once again at parades, teachings and other events.