22 june 1941 of the year

- the beginning of the Great Patriotic War

On June 22, 1941 at 4 am, without declaring war, fascist Germany and its allies attacked the Soviet Union. Parts of the Red Army were attacked by German troops throughout the border. Bombarders were subjected to Riga, Window, Libava, Schauliai, Kaunas, Vilnius, Grodno, Lida, Volkovysk, Brest, Kobrin, Slonim, Baranovichi, Bobruisk, Zhytomyr, Kiev, Sevastopol and many other cities, railway junctions, airfields, USSR naval databases The artillery shelling of border fortifications and distlocation areas of Soviet troops near the border from the Baltic Sea to the Carpathians were carried out. The Great Patriotic War began.

Then no one knew that in the history of mankind she would be included as the most bloody. No one guessed that the Soviet people would go through inhuman tests, pass and defeat. Raise the world from fascism, showing everyone that the spirit of the Red Army soldier is not given to break the invaders. Nobody could assume that the names of the city-heroes will be known to the world that Stalingrad will become a symbol of the persistence of our people, Leningrad - a symbol of courage, Brest - a symbol of courage. What, on a par with warriors, the land from the fascist plague of the heroic will protect the old men, women and children.

1418 days and nights of the war.

Over 26 million human lives ...

These photos unites one thing: they are made in the first hours and the days of the beginning of the Great Patriotic.

On the eve of the war

Soviet border guards in the dosor. The photo is interested in the fact that it was made for the newspaper on one of the removal on the Western border of the USSR on June 20, 1941, that is, two days before the war.

Next German aviation

The first hit the border guards and fighters of cover parts. They not only defended, but also passed into counterattacks. A whole month in the rear of the Germans fought a garrison of the Brest Fortress. Even after the enemy managed to master the fortress, its separate defenders continued to resist. The last one was captured by the Germans in the summer of 1942.

The picture was made on 06/24/1941.

For the first 8 hours of war, the Soviet aviation lost 1200 aircraft, of which about 900 were lost on earth (66 airfields were bombarded). The greatest losses of the Western Special Military District - 738 aircraft (528 on Earth). Having learned about such losses, the head of the District Air Force General Major Copets I.I. Shot.

On the morning of June 22, the Moscow radio passed the usual Sundays and peaceful music. Soviet citizens learned about the beginning of the war only at noon, when Vyacheslav Molotov spoke on the radio. He said: "Today, at 4 o'clock in the morning, without presenting any claims to Soviet Union, without a declaration of war, the German troops attacked our country. "

Poster 1941.

On the same day, the Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR on the mobilization of the military-rich 1905-1918 births on the territory of all military districts was published. Hundreds of thousands of men and women received the agenda, were in the military registration and enlistment office, and then they went to the front at the front.

The mobilization capabilities of the Soviet system, multiplied during the Great Patriotic War for Patriotism and the sacrifice of the people, played an important role in organizing energies, especially at the initial stage of war. Call "Everything for the front, everything for victory!" Was perceived by all the people. Hundreds of thousands of Soviet citizens voluntarily went to acting army. Over the week since the beginning of the war, over 5 million people were mobilized.

The line between the world and the war was invisible, and the change of reality people perceived not immediately. It seemed to many that this is just some kind of masquerade, misunderstanding and soon everything will be resolved.

Stubborn resistance Fascist troops met in battles near Minsk, Smolensk, Vladimir-Volynsky, Mamolemb, Lutsk, Dubno, Rivne, Mogilev, etc.And yet, in the first three weeks of the war, the troops of the Red Army left Latvia, Lithuania, Belarus, a significant part of Ukraine and Moldova. Six days after the start of the war, Pal Minsk. The German army has advanced in various directions from 350 to 600 km. The Red Army lost almost 800 thousand people.

The turning point in the perception of the residents of the Soviet Union of the War, of course, became August 14. It was then that the whole country suddenly learned that the Germans took Smolensk. It really was thunder among the clear sky. While the battles went "somewhere there, in the West," and the city flashed in the reports, the location of which many could imagine with great difficulty, it seemed that all the same, the war was still far away. Smolensk is not just the name of the city, this word meant a lot. First, it is already more than 400 km from the border, secondly, only 360 km to Moscow. And thirdly, in contrast to all sorts of wine, Grodno and Molodechno, Smolensk is an ancient purely Russian city.

The resistance of the Red Army in the summer of 1941 disrupted Hitler's plans. The fascists failed to quickly take any Moscow nor Leningrad, and since September the long defense of Leningrad begins. In Polar, the Soviet troops in cooperation with the Northern Fleet defended Murmansk and the main database of the fleet - polar. Although in Ukraine in October - November, the opponent seized Donbass, she mastered Rostov, broke into the Crimea, nevertheless, and here his troops were sought by the defense of Sevastopol. The connections of the Army Group "South" could not through the Kerch Strait to reach the rear of the Soviet troops remaining in the lower reaches of Don.

Minsk 1941. Execution of Soviet prisoners of war

September 30thwithin operations "Typhoon" Germans began general attack on Moscow. Its beginning was unfavorable for Soviet troops. Pali Bryansk and Vyazma. October 10, the commander of the Western Front was appointed G.K. Zhukov. October 19, Moscow was declared in siege. In bloody fights, the Red Army still managed to stop the enemy. Strengthening the "Center" armies group, the German command in mid-November resumed an offensive to Moscow. Overcoming the resistance of the Western, Kalinin and right wing of the South-Western fronts, the strike groups of the enemy went around the city from the north and south and by the end of the month they went to the Moscow-Volga channel (25-30 km from the capital), approached Kashira. On this, German offensive choked. The explosion group of the Army Center "Center" was forced to go to defense, which also contributed to the successful offensive operations of the Soviet troops near Tikhvin (November 10 - December 30) and Rostov (November 17 - December 2). December 6 began counteroffensiveThe Red Army, as a result of which the enemy was discarded from Moscow at 100 - 250 km. Kaluga, Kalinin (Tver), Maloyaroslavets, etc. were liberated.

On guard of Moscow sky. Autumn 1941

The victory near Moscow had a huge strategic and moral and political importance, since she was the first since the beginning of the war. The immediate threat to Moscow was liquidated.

Although as a result of the summer-autumn campaign, our army moved to 850 - 1200 km deep into the country, and in the hands of the aggressor, the most important economic areas were the plans of Blitzkrieg. The Nazi leadership was before the inevitable prospect of a protracted war. The victory near Moscow has also changed the placement of forces in the international arena. The Soviet Union began to look at how the decisive factor of the Second World War. Japan was forced to refrain from the attack on the USSR.

In the winter of the Red Army, there was an offensive on other fronts. However, consolidated success failed primarily due to spraying forces and means at the front of a huge length.

During the offensive of German troops in May 1942, in 10 days, the Crimean Front was defeated on the Kerch Peninsula. May 15 I had to leave Kerch, and July 4, 1942 After stubborn defense fell Sevastopol. The enemy completely mastered the Crimea. In July - August, Rostov, Stavropol and Novorossiysk were captured. Stubborn battles were conducted in the central part of the Caucasian ridge.

Hundreds of thousands of our compatriots turned out to be more than 14 thousand concentration camps, prisons, ghetto scattered throughout Europe. Infectious figures testify about the scale of tragedy: only in the territory of Russia, the fascist invaders shot, stroke in gas chambers, burned, hung 1,7 million. Man (including 600 thousand children). In total, about 5 million Soviet citizens died in concentration camps.

But, despite the stubborn battles, the fascists failed to solve their main task - to break through in the Transcaucasus to master the oil reserves Baku. At the end of September, the offensive of the fascist troops in the Caucasus was stopped.

To deterrence the enemy Natius in the Eastern direction, the Stalingrad Front was created under the command of Marshal S.K. Tymoshenko. On July 17, 1942, an opponent under the command of General Background Paulus inflicted a powerful blow to the Stalingrad Front. In August, the fascists in stubborn battles broke through the Volga. Since the beginning of September, the heroic defense of Stalingrad began. The battles were literally for each place of the Earth, for each house. Both sides carried colossal losses. By mid-November, the fascists were forced to stop the offensive. The heroic resistance of the Soviet troops made it possible to create favorable conditions for the transition of them into a counteroffensive under Stalingrad and thereby putting the start of the indigenous transference during the war.

By November 1942, almost 40% of the population was in German occupation. The regions captured by the Germans submitted to the military and civil administration. In Germany, a special ministry was established in the case of occupied regions headed by A. Rosenberg. Political supervision was provided by the SS and Police services. In places, the invaders have formed the so-called self-government - urban and district councils, the posts were introduced in the villages. To cooperate was attracted by persons displeased Soviet power. All residents of the occupied territories, not looking at age, were obliged to work. In addition, they participated in the construction of roads and defensive structures, they were forced to neutralize the mine fields. The civilian population, mainly youth, was also sent for forced work to Germany, where they were called "Ostarabeiter" and used as cheap labor. In total during the war years, 6 million people were hijacked. More than 6.5 million people were destroyed from hunger and epidemics in the occupied territory, more than 11 million Soviet citizens were shot in camps and at the place of residence.

November 19, 1942 Soviet troops switched to counteroffensive under Stalingrad (Operation "Uranus").The structures of the Red Army were surrounded by 22 divisions and 160 separate parts of the Wehrmacht (about 330 thousand people). The Hitler's command has formed a group of the Don Army as part of 30 divisions and tried to break through the environment. However, this attempt was not crowned with success. In December, our troops, defeating this grouping, began an offensive on Rostov (Saturn Operation). By the beginning of February 1943, our troops eliminated the grouping of the fascist troops that were in the ring. 91 thousand people led by the commander of the 6th German army of General - Field Marshal von Paulus, headed by the commander of the 6th German army. For 6.5 months of the Battle of Stalingrad (July 17, 1942 - February 2, 1943), Germany and its allies lost up to 1.5 million people, as well as a huge amount of equipment. Military power fascist Germany It was significantly undermined.

The defeat near Stalingrad caused a deep political crisis in Germany. Three-day mourning was announced in it. Fell the fighting spirit of German soldiers, the affected moods covered the broad layers of the population, which less believed to the Führer.

The victory of the Soviet troops near Stalingrad marked the beginning of a native fired during World War II. The strategic initiative finally passed into the hands of the Soviet Armed Forces.

In January-February 1943, the Red Army is offensive on all fronts. In the Caucasian direction, Soviet troops advanced by the summer of 1943 by 500 - 600 km. In January 1943, Leningrad blocade was broken.

The command of the Wehrmacht planned in the summer of 1943 to hold a major strategic offensive operation in the area of \u200b\u200bKursk (Operation "Citadel"), defeat the Soviet troops here, and then strike into the rear of the South-Western Front (Operation "Panther") and subsequently, developing success, to re-establish a threat to Moscow. To this end, up to 50 divisions, including 19 tank and motorized, and other parts are only over 900 thousand people, were concentrated in the Kursk Arc area. This group was opposed by the troops of the Central and Voronezh fronts, who had 1.3 million people. During the battle on Kursk Dug. The largest took place tank Battle Second World War.

From July 5, 1943, a massive offensive of Soviet troops began. Within 5 - 7 days, our troops, stubbornly defending it, stopped the enemy, stunned by 10 - 35 km behind the front line, and moved to counteroffensive. It began on July 12 in the area of \u200b\u200bProkhorovka, where the oncoming tank battle in the history of Wars occurred (with the participation of up to 1,200 tanks on both sides). In August 1943, our troops mastered the eagle and Belgorod. In honor of this victory in Moscow for the first time, the salute of the 12th artillery volley was produced. Continuing the offensive, our troops caused a crushing defeat.

In September, left-bank Ukraine and Donbass were liberated. On November 6, the compounds of the 1st Ukrainian Front entered Kiev.

Throwing the enemy by 200 - 300 km from Moscow, the Soviet troops began to liberate Belarus. From that moment on, our command kept the strategic initiative until the end of the war. From November 1942 to December 1943, the Soviet Army has advanced to the West by 500 - 1300 km, freeing about 50% of the territory occupied by the opponent. 218 divisions of the enemy were defeated. During this period, the Enemy's big damage was caused by partisan compounds, in the ranks of which up to 250 thousand people fought.

Significant success of the Soviet troops in 1943, the diplomatic and military-political cooperation of the USSR, the United States and the UK was activated. On November 28 - December 1, 1943, the Tehran Conference "Big Three" with the participation of I. Stalin (USSR), W. Churchill (United Kingdom) and F. Roosevelt (USA) took place. The leaders of the leading powers of the anti-Hitler coalition determined the deadlines for opening the second front in Europe ( amusement operation "Overlord" was scheduled for May 1944).

Tehran Conference "Big Troika" with the participation of I. Stalin (USSR), W. Churchill (United Kingdom) and F. Roosevelt (USA).

In the spring of 1944, he was cleared of the enemy of the Crimea.

At these favorable conditions, Western allies, after two-year training, opened the second front in Europe in the north of France. On June 6, 1944, the United Anglo-American Forces (General D.Aizenhauer), who had over 2.8 million people, up to 11 thousand combat aircraft, over 12 thousand combat and 41 thousand transport vessels, crushing through the strait of La Mans And Pa de Calate, began the largest over the war years asphant Norman surgery (Overlord)and in August joined Paris.

Continuing to develop a strategic initiative, Soviet troops in the summer of 1944 launched a powerful offensive in Karelia (June 10 - August 9), Belarus (June 23 - August 29), Western Ukraine (July 13 - August 29) and in Moldova (August 20 - 29).

In the course Belarusian operation (code name "Bagration") The group of army "Center" was defeated, the Soviet troops liberated Belarus, Latvia, part of Lithuania, the eastern part of Poland and went to the border with East Prussia.

The victories of the Soviet troops in the southern direction in the autumn of 1944 helped Bulgarian, Hungarian, Yugoslav and Czechoslovak nations in their liberation from fascism.

As a result of the hostilities of 1944, the State Border of the USSR, treacherously disturbed by Germany in June 1941, was restored throughout Barentshev to the Black Sea. The fascists were expelled from Romania, Bulgaria, from most areas of Poland and Hungary. In these countries, the proper regimes were overthrown, patriotic forces came to power. The Soviet army entered the territory of Czechoslovakia.

While the block of fascist states was collapsed, the antihytler coalition was streaked, as evidenced by the success of the Crimean (Yalta) conference of the heads of the USSR, the United States and the United Kingdom (from 4 to 11 February 1945).

Nevertheless, the Soviet Union played a decisive role in the defeat of the enemy at the final stage. Thanks to the titanic efforts of the entire people, the technical equipment and armament of the army and the USSR fleet by the beginning of 1945 reached the highest level. In January - early April 1945, as a result of a powerful strategic offensive on the entire Soviet-German front forces of ten fronts, the Soviet army resolutely defeated the main forces of the enemy. During the East Prussian, Visol-Oder, West Carpathian and Completion of Budapest operations, Soviet troops created conditions for further strikes in Pomerania and Silesia, and then for the attack on Berlin. Almost all Poland and Czechoslovakia were liberated, the whole territory of Hungary.

The capture of the capital of the Third Reich and the final defeat of fascism was carried out during the Berlin Operation (April 16 - May 8, 1945).

On April 30, Hitler committed suicide in the Reichskancellery Bunker.

On the morning of May 1, over Reichstag Sergeants M.A. Egorov and M.V. Cantarium was driving a red banner as a symbol of victory to the Soviet people. On May 2, Soviet troops fully mastered the city. Attempts by the New German Government, which on May 1, 1945 after suicide A. Hitler was headed by Gross - Admiral K. Denitz, to achieve a separate world with the United States and the UK failed.

May 9, 1945 at 0 h. 43 min. In the suburb of Berlin, Karlshorst was signed an act on the unconditional surrender of the Armed Forces of Fascist Germany. From the Soviet side, this historical document signed the hero of war, Marshal G.K. Zhukov, from Germany - Feldmarshal Kaitel. On the same day, the remnants of the last major grouping of the enemy were defeated in Czechoslovakia in the Prague area. The Day of Liberation - May 9 - became the day of the victory of the Soviet people in the Great Patriotic War. The news of the victory with lightning speed was separated worldwide. The Soviet people, who suffered the greatest losses, met her in nationwide. Truly, there was a great holiday "with tears in the eyes."

In Moscow on Victory Day, a festive salute from a thousand guns was produced.

Great Patriotic War 1941-1945

Material prepared Sergey Shalyak

Information from Hram-troicy.prihod.ru

VL / Articles / Interesting

As it was: with what Hitler was actually encountered on June 22, 1941 (1 part)

22-06-2016, 08:44

On June 22, 1941, at 4 am, Germany was treacherously, without an announcement of war attacked the Soviet Union and, having started to bomb our cities with peacefully sleeping children, immediately declared itself as a strength of a criminal, not having a human face. The very bloody war began in the entire history of the existence of the Russian state.

Our fight with Europe was deadly. The German troops 22.06.1941 began an offensive on the USSR in three directions: East (Army Group "Center") to Moscow, Southeast (Army Group "South") for Kiev and Northeast (Army Group North) for Leningrad . In addition, the German army "Norway" occurred in the direction of Murmansk.

Together with the German armies, the USSR of Italy, Romania, Hungary, Finland and Volunteering Formations from Croatia, Slovakia, Spain, Holland, Norway, Sweden, Denmark and other countries of Europe were attacked.

On June 22, 1941, 5.5 million soldiers and officers of Hitler's Germans and her satellites were invited to our land and they were invited to our land and her satellites, but for the number of troops, the Armed Forces of only one Germany exceeded the USSR's armed forces 1.6 times, namely: 8.5 Million people in the Wehrmacht and a little more than 5 million people in the working and peasant Red Army. Together with the armies of the Allies, Germany on June 22, 1941 had a minimum of 11 million trained, armed soldiers and officers and could very quickly fill the loss of their army and strengthen their troops.

And if the number of only German troops exceeded the number of Soviet troops 1.6 times, together with the troops of European allies, it exceeded the number of Soviet troops at least 2.2 times. This is such a monstrously huge force opposed the Red Army.

In Germany, the industry of Europe united Europe worked with a population of about 400 million people, which almost 2 times exceeded the population of the USSR, who had 195 million people.

The Red Army at the beginning of the war compared to the Germans who attacked the USSR and its allies had for 19,800 units more tools and mortars, on 86 units more of the combat ships of the basic classes, as well as the RKKU exceeded the opponent's attacked enemy by the number of machine guns. Rifle weapons, guns of all calibers and mortars on combat characteristics not only did not inferior, but in many cases and exceeded the weapons of Germany.

As for armored troops and aviation, our army had them in quantity, much superior to the number of units of this technique, which is at the beginning of the war from the enemy. But the main number of our tanks and aircraft compared to German was a weapon of the "old generation", obsolete morally. Tanks for the most part were just with anti-counter-booking. A considerable percentage was and faulty to write off airplanes and tanks.

At the same time, it should be noted that the Red Army received 595 units of heavy tanks KB and 1225 units of average T-34 tanks, as well as 3719 aircraft of new types: Yak-1 fighters, Lagg-3, MiG-3, Il- bombers 4 (dB-zf), PE-8 (TB-7), PE-2, IL-2 attack aircraft. We mainly designed and produced the specified new, expensive and high-tech equipment from the beginning of 1939 to the mid-1941, that is, mostly, during the action of the non-aggression agreement concluded in 1939 - "Molotov-Ribbentrop Covenant".

It is the presence of a large number of weapons allowed us to survive and defeat. For with the huge loses of weapons in the initial period of the war, we still had a sufficient amount of weapons for resistance during the retreat and for the offensive under Moscow.

It must be said that in 1941, the German army had no equipment similar to our hard tanks KB, armored attack aircraft IL-2 and jet artillery, such as BM-13 (Katyusha), which may affect targets at a distance of more than eight kilometers.

Due to the bad work of Soviet intelligence, our army did not know the head of the main blows planned by the enemy. Therefore, the Germans had the opportunity to create a multiple superiority of military forces and break through our defense in the breakthrough sites.

The possibilities of Soviet intelligence are greatly exaggerated to derive the military merit and technical achievements THE USSR. Our troops retreated under the onslaught of superior enemy forces. Parts of the Red Army had to or quickly disappear to avoid surroundings, or fight surrounded. Yes, and the troops were not so easy, because in many cases the mobility of German mechanized compounds broke through our defense exceeded the mobility of our troops.

Of course, not all groupings of Soviet troops were able to mobile German connections. The main part of the German infantry occurred in the foot rank, as mostly retired and our troops, which allowed many parts of the Red Army to go to new referees of defense.

The surrounding troops of the cover until the last opportunity was restrained by the offensive of the German-fascist hordes, and the parts retreating in the battles, connecting with the troops of the 2nd echelon, significantly slowed down the promotion of German armies.

In order to stop the German armies broken the border, they needed large reserves equipped with moving connections that could quickly approach the place of breakthrough and discard the enemy back. We did not have such reserves, since there was no economic opportunity for the country to contain 11 millionth army in peacetime.

It is unfair to blame in such a development of the Events of the USSR government. Despite the desperate resistance of industrialization on the part of certain forces within the country, our government and our people did everything they could have to create and armared the army. It was impossible to do more in the time intervals released by the Soviet Union.

Our intelligence, of course, was not at the height. But this is only in the cinema scouts produce drawings of airplanes and atomic bombs. In real life, such drawings will take far from one railway car. There was no opportunity to receive the plan "Barbarossa" in 1941. But even knowing the directions of the main blows, we would have to retreat before the monstrous force of the enemy. But in this case we would have less losses.

For all theoretical calculations, the USSR had to lose this war, but we won it, because they knew how to work and fight like no one on the ground. Hitler Europe, except Poland, conquered in the desire to unite and subordinate to the will of Germany. And he sought us to destroy and in battles, and the peaceful population, and our prisoners of war. About the war against the USSR Hitler said: "We are talking about a fighter war."

But everything went from Hitler not as it was conceived: Russians more than half of the troops left far from the border, they declared mobilization after the start of the war, as a result of which people had people for the acquisition of new divisions, the military factories were taken to the east, the Holy Plant was taken away, and they did not fight the Spirit For each place of the Earth. The German general headquarters terrified the loss of Germany in humans and technique.

The losses of our retreating army in 1941, of course, were more German. The German army has created a new organizational structure, including tanks, motorized infantry, artillery, engineering parts and parts of communication, which allowed not only to carry out the enemy defense breakthrough, but also to develop it deep into the tens of tens of kilometers. The proportions of all kinds of troops were carefully calculated and tested in battles in Europe. With such a structure, tank compounds became a strategic means of struggle.

We needed time to create such troops from newly manufactured equipment. In the summer of 1941, we did not have any experience in creating and using such compounds or the number of trucks necessary for transportation of infantry. Our mechanized corps created on the eve of war were significantly less perfect than German.

German General Headquarters The Attack Plan on the USSR was awarded the name "Barbarossa" named the German emperor of terrifying cruelty. On June 29, 1941, Hitler said: "Four weeks later we will be in Moscow, and it will be repached."

None of the German general in his forecasts was expressed about the seizure of Moscow later than August. For all, August was a deadline for capturing Moscow, and October - the territory of the USSR to the Urals along the line Arkhangelsk - Astrakhan.

The US military believed that in the war with Russian Germany will be occupied from one to three months, and military England - from three to six weeks. They expressed such forecasts, as they knew the strength of the strike, which Germany wrapped in the USSR. How much we will be launched in the war with Germany, the West assessed by itself.

The German government was so confident in the fast victory, which did not even consider it necessary to spend money on warm winter uniforms for the army.

The enemy troops fell from Barents to the Black Seas on the front with a length of more than 2000 thousand kilometers.

Germany hoped to blitzkrieg, that is, a lightning strike on our armed Forces And their destruction due to this lightning strike. The location of 57% of Soviet troops in the 2nd and 3rd echelons initially contributed to the breakdown of the calculation of the Germans to blitzkrieg. And in combination with the resistance of our troops in the 1st echelon defense, the German calculation of blitzkrieg completely broke.

And what kind of blitzkriege can be spent, if the Germans could not destroy our aviation in the summer of 1941. Luftwaffe from the first day of the war paid a huge price for the desire to destroy our aircraft on the airfields and in the air.

The People's Commissar of the USSR Aviation Industry since 1940 to 1946, A. I. Shahurin wrote: "For the period from June 22 to July 5, 1941, the German Air Force lost 807 aircraft of all types, and for the period from July 6 to 19 another 477 more aircraft. A third of the German air force they had before attacking our country was destroyed.

Thus, only for the first month of battle in the period from 22.06. On 07/19/1941, Germany lost 1284 aircraft, and for incomplete five months of battles - 5180 aircraft. It's amazing about such glorious victories in the most unsuccessful period of war for us today know the units of people for the whole of Russia.

So who and what weapon destroyed these 1284 Luftwaffe aircraft for the first month of war? These aircraft destroyed our pilots and anti-aircraft people just like the enemy tanks destroyed our artilleryrs, because the Red Army had anti-tank guns, airplanes and anti-aircraft gunners.

And in October 1941, the Red Army had the number of weapons sufficient to keep the front. At this time, the defense of Moscow was carried out at the limit of human strength. So only Soviet, Russian people could fight. Deserves the good word I. V. Stalin, in July 1941, organizing the construction of concrete bobs, sucks, anti-tank barrage and other barrier military-building structures, fortified areas (level) on the approaches to Moscow, which was able to give weapons, ammunition, food and uniform Fighting army.

The Germans stopped near Moscow, first of all, because in the fall of 1941, our fighting men had a weapon with the enemy to shoot down airplanes, burn the tanks and mix the enemy's infantry from the earth.

On November 29, 1941, our troops were released in the south of Rostov-on-Don, and in the north on December 9, Tikhvin was released. After koving the battles of the South and Northern Grouping of German troops, our command created favorable conditions for the onset of the Red Army near Moscow.

Not Siberian divisions provided the possibility of transition to the offensive under Moscow of our troops, and the reserve armies created by the bid and touched to Moscow before the transition of our troops in the offensive. A. M. Vasilevsky recalled: "A large measure was the completion of the preparation of the next and extraordinary reserve formations. At the turn of Vytegraph - Rybinsk - Gorky - Saratov - Stalingrad - Astrakhan created a new strategic line for the Red Army. Here, on the basis of the decision of the GKO, adopted on October 5, ten reserve armies were formed. The creation of them throughout the Moscow battle was one of the main and everyday worries of the Central Committee of the Party, GKO and rates. We, the leaders of the General Staff, daily at the reports of the Supreme Commander-in-Chief of the Status on the fronts reported in detail about the progress of these formations. Without exaggeration, we can say: in the outcome of the Moscow battle, it was crucial that the party and the Soviet people were formed in a timely manner, armed, taught and transferred new armies under the capital. "

The battle of Moscow can be divided into two parts: defensive from September 30 to December 5, 1941 and offensive from December 5 to April 20, 1942.

And if in June 1941, German troops suddenly attacked us, in December 1941, in Moscow, our Soviet troops suddenly attacked Moscow. Despite deep snow and frost, our army successfully occurred. Panic began in the German army. Only Hitler's intervention prevented the full defeat of German troops.

The monstrous force of Europe, faced with Russian power, could not overcome us and running back under the blows of Soviet troops, to the west. In 1941, our great-grandfather and grandfathers defended the right to life and, meeting the new 1942, proclaimed toasts for victory.

In 1942, our troops continued to adopt. Moscow and Tula oblasts were liberated, many districts of Kalininskaya, Smolensk, Ryazan and Oryol regions. Losses in the lively only Army Center "Center", who has recently stood under Moscow for the period from January 1 to March 30, 1942 amounted to over 333 thousand people.

But the enemy was still strong. Already by May 1942, the German fascist army had 6.2 million people and superior to the Red Army Arma. Our army consisted of 5.1 million people. Without military air defense and navy.

Thus, in the summer of 1942, against our land forces, Germany had the number of soldiers and officers per 1.1 million people more. Superiority in the number of troops Germany with allies retained from the first day of the war until 1943. In the summer of 1942, 217 divisions and 20 enemy brigades operated on the Soviet-German front, that is, about 80% of all ground Forces Germany.

In connection with the specified circumstance, the rate did not move troops from the Western to the south-west direction. Such a decision was correct, as well as the decision to place strategic reserves in the Tula, Voronezh, Stalingrad and Saratov.

More than our forces and funds were focused on the southwestern, but in the west direction. Ultimately, such a distribution of forces led to the defeat of German, or rather the European Army, and in this regard, it is inappropriate to talk about the wrong distribution of our troops by the summer of 1942. It is thanks to this distribution of troops that we had the opportunity in November to collect strength under Stalingrad, sufficient to defeat the enemy, and had the opportunity to replenish our troops when conducting defensive battles.

In the summer of 1942, we could not keep defense in the summer of 1942 in the summer of 1942 for a long time, and were forced to move under the threat of a surroundings.

It was impossible to compensate for the missing number of artillery, aviation and other types of weapons, since evacuated enterprises only started working at full capacity, and the Military Industry of Europe was even superior to the military industry of the Soviet Union.

The German troops continued to attack along the Western (right) bank of Don and sought, by all means to go into a greater radiation of the river. Soviet troops retreated to the natural borders, on which they could gain.

By mid-July, the enemy captured Valuyki, Rossosh, Boguchar, Kantemirovka, Millerovo. In front of him, the Eastern road was opened - on Stalingrad and South - in the Caucasus.

The Stalingrad battle is divided into two periods: defensive from July 17 to November 18 and the offensive, ended with the elimination of a huge grouping of the enemy, from November 19, 1942 to February 2, 1943.

The defensive operation began on distant approaches to Stalingrad. From July 17, the advanced detachments of the 62nd and 64th Army for 6 days had an enemy fierce resistance at the turn of the Chir and Timl rivers.

To take Stalingrad the troops of Germany and its allies could not.

The offensive of our troops began on November 19, 1942. The troops of the South-Western and Don Fronts switched to the offensive. This day entered our story as an artillery day. November 20, 1942 switched to the offensive of the troops of the Stalingrad Front. On November 23, the troops of the South-West and Stalingrad fronts were connected in the Kalach-on-Don area, Soviet, closed the ring of the environment of German troops. Very good, the rate and our general staff were calculated, tied by the army of Paulus by hand and legs with a large distance from our upcoming troops, the 62nd army located in Stalingrad, and the onset of the troops of the Don Front.

New Year's Eve 1943 Our courageous soldiers and officers met as the New Year's Eve of 1942 by the winners.

A huge contribution to the organization of victory near Stalingrad was made by the Bet and the General Staff at the chapter with A. M. Vasilevsky.

During the Stalingrad battle, which lasted 200 days and nights, Germany and her allies lost ¼ part of the forces operating at the time on the Soviet-German front. " Common losses Enemy troops in the Don, Volga region, Stalingrad amounted to 1.5 million people, up to 3,500 tanks and assault guns, 12 thousand guns and mortars, up to 3 thousand aircraft and a large number of other equipment. Such losses of forces and means were catastrophically reflected in the overall strategic environment and shocked the entire military machine of Hitler's Germany, "K. Zhukov wrote.

In two winter months of 1942-1943, the crushed German army was thrown into those positions from which the occurrence of 1942 began. This big victory of our troops attached extra forces and fighters, and the toilet workers.

Passed the troops of Germany and their allies defeat and under Leningrad. On January 18, 1943, the troops of the Volkhovsky and Leningrad fronts were connected, the ring of the blockade of Leningrad was broken.

A narrow corridor of 8-11 kilometers wide, adjacent to the southern coast of Lake Lake, was cleared of the enemy and tied Leningrad with the country. Long-distance trains began to walk from Leningrad to Vladivostok.

Hitler was going to take Leningrad in 4 weeks by July 21, 1941 and the liberated troops send to the storm in Moscow, but could not take the city and January 1944. Hitler ordered the proposals for the delivery of the city of German troops not to take and erase the city from the face of the earth, but in fact, the German divisions standing near Leningrad were erased from the face of the Earth to the troops of the Leningrad and Volkhov fronts. Hitler stated that Leningrad would be the first large city, captured by the Germans in the Soviet Union and did not regret the forces for his seizure, but did not take into account that he was not fighting in Europe, but in Soviet Russia. I did not consider the courage of the Leningraders and the forces of our weapons.

The victorious completion of the Stalingrad battle and the breakthrough of Leningrad's blockade became possible not only thanks to the resistance and courage of fighters and commanders of the Red Army, the smelling of our fighters and the knowledge of our military leaders, but, above all, thanks to the heroic labor of the rear.

To be continued...

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In the nightlife for the first time, a summary of the chief command of the Soviet Army appears: "With a dawn on June 22, 1941, the regular troops of the German army attacked our border parts at the front from the Baltic to the Black Sea and drought themselves during the first half of the day. In the afternoon, German troops met with the advanced parts of the field troops of the Red Army. After the fierce fighting, the opponent was removed with big losses. Only in the Grodno and Krisopolian directions, the enemy managed to achieve minor tactical success and take the place of Calvaria, standing and Ceghanovets (the first two 15 km and the last 10 km from the border).

Aviation of the enemy attacked a number of our airfields and settlements, but everywhere I met a decisive rebuff of our fighters and anti-aircraft artillery that caused the big losses to the enemy. We are shot down 65 opponent aircraft. "

It is known that for the first day of the war, the troops of the Wehrmacht advanced throughout the border by 50-60 km deep into the territory of the USSR.

The Chief Military Council of the Red Army sends to the troops of the Directive, ordering in the morning on June 23 to put the groupings of the enemy decisive conformers in the territory of the USSR. For the most part, the fulfillment of these directives will only lead to even greater losses and worsen the situation of the parts of the army entered into the war.

Prime Minister of British Winston Churchill performs with a radio in which the USSR promises all the assistance that the United Kingdom can give: "Over the past 25 years, no one has been a more consistent opponent of communism than me. I will not take back not a single word that I said about him. But all this pale before the spectacle deployed now. Past with his crimes, madness and tragedies disappears. ... I have to declare the decision of His Majesty's government, and I am sure that the Great Dominions will agree with this decision, because we have to speak immediately, without a single delay day. I have to make a statement, but can you doubt what our policy will be? We have only one-only unchanged goal. We are determined to destroy Hitler and all traces of the Nazi regime. Nothing can dismiss us from this, nothing. We will never negotiate, we will never join the negotiations with Hitler or with someone from his hacks. We will fight with him on land, we will fight him to the sea, we will fight him in the air, while with God's help, do not relieve the Earth from the very shadow of him and do not free the peoples from his yoke. Anyone or state fighting against Nazism will receive our help. Anyone or the state that goes with Hitler is our enemies ... Such is our policy, such is our statement. From here it follows that we will provide Russia and the Russian people all the assistance as they can. We turn to all our friends and allies in all parts of the world with a call to adhere to the same course and spend it as fast and steadily to the end, as we will do ...

This is not a class war, and the war in which the entire British Empire and Commonwealth of Nations is drawn, without the difference in races, religion or party. I do not talk about the actions of the United States, but I will say that if Hitler imagines that his attack on Soviet Russia will cause the slightest discrepancy in order or weakening the efforts of great democracies that decided to destroy it, he is deeply mistaken. On the contrary, it will strengthen even more and encourage our efforts to save humanity from its tyranny. It will strengthen, and not weaken our determination and our capabilities. "

The People's Commissar of Defense Semen Tymoshenko signs the directive about aviation strikes per 100-150 km deep into Germany, orders to bomb Komenigsberg and Danzig. These bombardments really happened, but in two days, June 24th.

The Kremlin left the last visitors to Stalin: Beria, Molotov and Voroshilov. On this day, nobody met with Stalin and there was practically no connection with him.

The documents recorded the first atrocities of the fascist troops on the territory captured just the territory. The Germans, coming, broke into the village of Albing Klaipeda district of Lithuania. Soldiers robbed and burned all at home. Residents - 42 people - drove into the barn and locked. During the day, the fascists killed several people - scored to death or shot. The next morning the planned destruction of people began. Groups of peasants were removed from the barn and coolly shot. At the beginning of all men, then the turn reached women and children. Attempting to run to the forest was shot in the back.

Italy declares the War of the USSR. More precisely, the Minister of Foreign Affairs Ciano informs the Ambassador of the USSR in Italy Gorelkin that the war is declared from 5.30 in the morning. "In view of the current situation, due to the fact that Germany declared the War of the USSR, Italy, as the Ally of Germany and as a member of the Triple Covenant, also announces the war to the Soviet Union from the moment the German troops joined the Soviet territory, i.e. From 5.30 June 22. In fact, Italian, and the Romanian parts attacked the Soviet borders along with the German allies from the first minutes of the war.

People's Commissar of Foreign Affairs of Molotov speaks on the Soviet radio with a speech about the beginning of the war. "Soviet government and his head of com. Stalin instructed me to make the following statement:

Today, at 4 o'clock in the morning, without presenting any claims to the Soviet Union, without declaring the war, German troops attacked our country, attacked our borders in many places and subjected to bombing from their aircraft our cities - Zhytomyr, Kiev, Sevastopol, Kaunas And some others, more than two hundred people were killed and injured. The raids of enemy aircraft and the artillery shelling were also committed from the Romanian and Finnish territory.

This unprecedented attack on our country is unparalleled in the history of civilized peoples of treachery. The attack on our country was made, despite the fact that the nonsense agreement was concluded between the USSR and Germany and the Soviet government with all the good faith fulfilled all the conditions of this contract. The attack on our country was committed, despite the fact that for all the time the actions of this contract, the German government never could have been prepedential for the USSR to fulfill the contract. All responsibility for this robbery attack on the Soviet Union fully and completely falls on Germanic Fascist rulers ... (Full text of speech) Our right thing. The enemy will be broken. Winning will be behind us. "

So the whole country recognized about the beginning of the war. It was in this speech, on the first day, the war was called Patriotic War, "Parallel was held with the Patriotic War of 1812. Almost immediately, reservists went to the calls - military-ridden, which remained in the reserve and did not serve in peacetime. Soon the record of volunteers began.

The Baltic Military District comes an order for the elimination of national buildings of the Red Army beyond the limits of the front-line zone, deep into the country. Lithuanian, Latvian and Estonian national corps were created a year before, by order of Stalin, after the occupation of the Baltic countries. Now these parts do not trust.

German aviation inflicts crushing blows on the USSR aircraft. For the first hours of war on 66 bases, 1,200 aircraft were destroyed, most of them are more than 800 - right on Earth. Therefore, many pilots remained alive and aviation was gradually restored, including due to converted civilian aircraft. At the same time, the first German aircraft was destroyed in air combat in the first hour of war. The Germans lost on June 22 about 300 aircraft - the biggest losses per day for the whole war.

Stalin confirms the signing of decrees on the mobilization, the introduction of a military situation in the European part of the USSR, a decree on military tribunals, as well as on the formation of the commission of the Main Command. Signs Decrees Mikhail Kalinin, as chairman of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR. Mobilization was subject to all military-ridicated, born from 1905 to 1918 inclusive.

Ribbentrop holds a press conference for German and foreign journalists, where he declares that the Führer decided to take measures to protect Germany from the Soviet threat.

In the Kremlin Molotov and Stalin work on the draft of Molotov's speech about the beginning of the war. In half of the ninth morning, Zhukov and Tymoshenko with the draft Decision of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR on universal mobilization are coming.

Goebbels acts on German radio with a statement about the beginning military operation against the USSR. Including it says: "At the time when Germany leads war with Anglo-Saxons, the Soviet Union does not fulfill its obligations, and the Führer regards it as a blow to the German people. Therefore, German troops have just crossed the border. "

The first order of wartime, signed by Tymoshenko, but approved by Stalin appears. This order prescribed the USSR Air Force to destroy all the opponent's aviation and allowed aviation to overcome the border per 100 km. Ground troops received an order to stop the invasion and go to the offensive on all fronts, then go to battles on the enemy territory. This order, already a little connected with what is happening on the border, the troops do not get immediately and not all. Communication with border zones is bad, periodically the main headquarters loses control over what is happening. The Germans at this point are the airfields together with airplanes, who did not have time to climb into the air. But, while many units are still, according to Directive No. 1, are not amenable to provocations, dispersed and disguised, in separate sections of troops go to counter-project. So the 41st Rifle division hit the attack, went to the territory of the enemy by 3 km and stopped the movement of the five divisions of the Wehrmacht. The 5th Tank Division All June 22 did not miss the German tank division of the North Army Group near the city of Alitus, where he was crossing over Nemman, the most important strategic point for the promotion of Germans into the depths of the country. Only on June 23, the Soviet division was broken by an airline.

In Berlin, Ribbentrop raises the USSR ambassador in Germany Vladimir Deanozov and the first secretary of the Valentina Berezhkova Embassy and informs them about the beginning of the war: "The hostile attitude of the Soviet government and the concentration of Soviet troops on the eastern border of Germany, which represents a serious threat, forced the Government of the Third Reich to accept military countermeasures " At the same time, making an official statement, Ribbentrop catches the Decanozov on the threshold and quickly tells him: "Tell me in Moscow, I was against." The ambassadors are returned to the Soviet Residence. Communication with Moscow is converted, the building is surrounded by the PS parts. Everything that remains for them is to destroy the documents. The monetary generals report Hitler about the first successes.

Ambassador Shilenburg arrives in the Kremlin. He officially reports on the beginning of the war of Germany from the USSR, the word for the word repeating the Ribbentrop telegram: "The USSR focused on the German border all his troops in full combat readiness. Thus, the Soviet government violated contracts with Germany and intends to attack Germany from the rear, while she struggles for their existence. Führer, therefore ordered the German armed forces to confront this threat to all means at their disposal. " Molotov returns to Stalin and retells his conversation, adding: "We do not deserve it." Stalin will stop for a long time in the chair, then says: "The enemy will be broken throughout the front line."

Western and Baltic special districts reported on the start of the hostilities of the German troops in the land plots. On the border territory of the USSR, 4 million soldiers of Germany and allies were invaded. 3,350 tanks were involved in the battles, 7,000 different guns and 2,000 aircraft.

Nevertheless, Stalin, taking in 4.30 In the morning, Zhukov and Tymoshenko still insists that Hitler is most likely nothing knows about the beginning of a military operation. "We must come into contact with Berlin," he says. Molotov calls Schulenburg Ambassador.

IN 04.15 The tragic defense of the Brest Fortress begins - one of the main outposts of the Western border of the USSR, the fortress, where a joint parade of the USSR and Germany's military parade arrived in honor of the seizure and partition of Poland. The troops that occupied the fortress were absolutely not ready for battle - among other things, in all Western cross-border districts at about 2 o'clock in the morning there was a coupling, which was restored about half the fourth in the morning. By that time, when the Brest fortress came to the report on Directive No. 1, that is, the attack of the Germans had already begun on the bringing troops into combat readiness. In the fortress at that moment, 8 rifle and 1 reconnaissance battalion, 3 artillery divisions and several more detachments were deployed, and about 11 thousand people, as well as 300 families of servicemen. And although in all the instructions of the detachments were supposed to go outside the territory of the Brest Fortress and lead martialctions Around Brest, they failed to break through the fortress. But the German troops did not give way fortress. The siege of the Brest Fortress continued until the end of July 1941. As a result, more than 6,000 military and their families were captured, as many died.

In 3.40 in the morning, Tymoshenko's drug defense orders the head of the General Staff Zhukov to call Stalin to the nearby Dacha to report the beginning of aggression from Germany. Zhukov struggled to wake Stalin's duty officer. He listened to Zhukov and told him along with Tymoshenko to arrive in the Kremlin, after calling Prakrebyshev, so that he collected the Politburo. By this time, the bombardments have already undergone Riga, Window, Libava, Shauliai, Kaunas, Vilnius, Grodno, Lida, Volkovisk, Brest, Kobrin, Slonim, Baranovichi, Bobruisk, Zhytomyr, Kiev, Sevastopol and many other cities, railway junctions, airfields, military -Muric bases of the USSR.

The Commander of the Baltic District, General Kuznetsov reported on the Row on Kaunas and other cities.

The chief of staff of the Kiev District, General Purrian, reported on aviation raids on the cities of Ukraine.

The head of the Western District, General Klimovsky, reported on the raising of enemy aviation on the city of Belarus.

IN 03.15 The commander of the Black Sea Fleet Admiral Oktyabrsky called Zhukov and said that German aviation bombed Sevastopol. After hanging the phone, Oktyabrsky said that "in Moscow they do not believe that Sevastopol bombat," but he gave an order to open the response artillery fire. Commanding navy Admiral Kuznetsov after receipt of the declaration number 1 not only led the fleet to combat readiness, but also ordered to enter into combat. Therefore, the fleet suffered on June 22 less than all other types of troops. The reports begin to come with a difference in two or three minutes. All of them are about bombing cities, including Minsk and Kiev.

The first salts of German artillery are heard. The next 45 minutes invasion goes along the entire border. The most powerful artillery shelling, bombing of cities, then - the transition of the boundaries of the ground troops. Bridges through almost everything, large and small, rivers on the border are captured. Border foreheads are crushed, some of them even before the operation began with special sabotage groups.

German Ambassador to the USSR Schulenburg receives a secret telegram from the Minister of Foreign Affairs of Germany Joachima von Ribbentrop with a detailed explanation that he must say, reporting on the beginning of war to the Soviet government. Telegram begins with words: "I ask you to immediately inform Mr. Motokov that you have an urgent message for him and that you so would like to immediately visit it. Then, please make Mr. Molotov the following statement. " In the telegram, the Comintern is accused of subversive activities, the Soviet government - in support of the Comintern, the Breastsee of Europe, the conclusion of the Soviet-Yugoslav Treaty on Friendship and Cooperation and the Casting Troops on the border with Germany.

Head of the General Staff of Georgy Zhukov reports Stalin about the report of Liskov. Stalin causes him and the addict of the defense of Tymoshenko seeds in the Kremlin. They are joined by the People's Commissar of Foreign Affairs Vyacheslav Molotov. Stalin refuses to believe in the report and claims that the Defector appeared not by chance. But the beetles and Tymoshenko insist. They have in their hands the prepared directive on bringing troops in combat readiness. Stalin says: "Early. No need to succumb to provocations. " At the same time, on June 16, it was reported from Berlin: "All German military events for the preparation of armed performances against the USSR are completely finished and a blow can be expected at any time." Stalin requested confirmation, but the war began earlier. For the o'clock Night, Zhukov and Tymoshenko managed to convince Stalin to release Directive No. 1. She contained an order to lead troops in combat readiness, but at the same time not to succumb to provocations and "no other events without special orders do not hold." It was this directive as a result that became the main order for the first half of the day on June 22. As a result, many parts of the Soviet Army did not resist Wehrmachut until the right attack was on them. Stalin argues, and Tymoshenko signs a declaration. Stalin leaves for the near country in Kuntsevo.

A passenger train "Berlin-Moscow" is passing across the border around Brest. In the opposite direction, compositions with food and industrial goods are moving - providing supplies according to contracts between countries. At the same time, the Soviet border guards detained the soldiers who had to capture bridges: through the Narev River, railway on the road of Bialystok-Chizhov and the car on the highway Bialystok-Belsk.

The border guards detained a delayer from the German side, the stoolear from Kolberga Alfred Liskov, who left the location of his part and smashed the Bug. He reported that at about 4 am the German army will go to the offensive. The translator was not immediately found, so his message was transferred to the main headquarters Georgia Zhukov only around midnight. Alfred Liskov became the hero of the beginning of the war, wrote about him in newspapers, he became an active figure of the Comintern, then presumably shot by the NKVD in 1942. He was the third for this day a reprimand reporting on the beginning of a military operation.

Ambassador of Germany in the USSR, Count Schulenburg declared a protest about numerous violations of the state border of the USSR by German aircraft. The conversation between Molotov and Schulenburg is strange. Molotov asks questions about aircraft crossing the border, Schulenburg responded to the answer that the Soviet aircraft turn out to be regularly regularly. Molotov asks several questions about the complications of Soviet-German relations. Schulenburg says that absolutely not aware, since he from Berlin does not report anything. Finally, the question about the withdrawable officers of the German Embassy (by 21 June, part of the Embassy workers returned to Germany) Schulenburg replies - these are all minor shapes that are not part of the main diplomatic corps.

For a number of sources, at this time, Adolf Hitler signs an order for the immediate enabling plan "Barbarossa", according to which the USSR should be occupied within 2-3 days. By the border at this point, 190 German divisions were torn. At the same time, the USSR formally have an advantage: although at the border of 170 divisions, but three times more than tanks and one and a half - aircraft. All the army of the invasion of the Wehrmacht, which by the time they were closed to the border of the USSR, received an order about the start of the operation for another 13.00 on Berlin time.

From this point on, German troops begin to go out on the starting position along the border. On the night of June 22, they should begin an offensive in three general directions: North (Leningrad), Center (Moscow) and South (Kiev). Planned the lightning risk of the main forces of the Red Army west of the rivers Dnipro and Western Dvina, in the future it was planned to seize Moscow, Leningrad and Donbass, followed by an exit to the Arkhangelsk - Volga line - Astrakhan. Barbarossa operation The German generals under the leadership of Paulus were developed from July 21, 1940. The operation plan was fully prepared and approved by the Directive of the Supreme Commander-in-Chief of Wehrmacht No. 21 of December 18, 1940.

The history of the day, which forever changed the lives of tens of millions of people.

"They do not suspect anything about our intentions"

June 21, 1941, 13:00. German troops receive the Dortmund code signal confirming that the invasion starts the next day.

The commander of the 2nd tank group of the Army Center "Center" Geinz Guderian writes in his diary: "Careful observation of the Russians convinced me that they say nothing about our intentions. In the courtyard of the Brest fortress, which was viewed from our observation points, they spent the sounds of Karaulov under the sounds of the orchestra. Coastal fortifications along the Western Bug were not busy with Russian troops. "

21:00. Fighters of the 90th border detachment Sokalskiy commandant detained the German soldier, crossed the border river Bug. The rank is aimed at the headquarters of the town of Vladimir-Volynsky.

23:00. German mine chargers who were in Finnish ports began to minimize the exit from the Gulf of Finland. At the same time, Finnish submarines began to produce mines off the coast of Estonia.

June 22, 1941, 0:30. The rank is delivered to Vladimir-Volynsky. At the interrogation, the soldier was called by Alfred Liskov, military personnel of the 221st regiment of the 15th Infantry Division of the Wehrmacht. He said that at dawn on June 22, the German army will go to the offensive throughout the Soviet-German border. Information is transferred to the upstream command.

At the same time, the transfer of Directive No. 1 of the Defense People's Commissariat for parts of Western military districts begins. "During June 22 - 23, 1941, there is a sudden attack of the Germans on the fronts of the LVA, Pribovovo, Zavodovo, Coo, ODO. The attack may begin with provocative actions, "said the directive. - "The task of our troops is not to succumb to any provocative actions that can cause major complications."
Parts were prescribed to lead to combat readiness, secretly take firepoints of fortified areas at the state border, aviation dispersed on field airfields.

To bring the Directive to military units before starting hostilities, as a result, the measures specified in it are not implemented.

"I realized that this Germans opened fire on our territory"

1:00. The commandants of the 90th frontier sections report the head of the detachment by Major Bychkovsky: "Nothing suspicious on the adjacent side is not selected, everything is calm."

3:05. A group of 14 German bombers JU-88 resets 28 magnetic mines from the Kronstadt raid.

3:07. The commander of the Black Sea Fleet Vice-Admiral Oktyabrsky reports the head of the General Staff General General Zhukov: "The system of [air surveillance, alert and communications] of the fleet reports on the approach from the sea of \u200b\u200ba large number of unknown aircraft; The fleet is in full combat readiness. "

ten past three. UNKB in the Lviv region has a telephone message in the NKGB of the Ukrainian SSR, information obtained during the interrogation of the Alfred Liskov's deferment.

From the memories of the chief of the 90th frontier of Major Bychkovsky: "Without ending the interrogation of a soldier, heard a strong artillery fire in the direction of Ustilug (the first commandanttry). I realized that these Germans opened fire in our territory, which was confirmed by the interrogated soldier. Immediately began to call the commandant, but the connection was broken ... "

3:30. The head of the Western District, General Klimovsky, reports on the tax of enemy aviation on the city of Belarus: Brest, Grodno, Lida, Kobrin, Slonim, Baranavichi and others.

3:33. The chief of staff of the Kiev District, General Perkarev reports to the airborne tax on the city of Ukraine, including Kiev.

3:40. The commander of the Baltic Military District General Kuznetsov reports on raids of enemy aviation in Riga, Schauliai, Vilnius, Kaunas and other cities.

"The enemy flaw is repulsed. Attempt to strike on our ships

3:42. Head of the General Staff of Zhukov calls Stalin and reports the beginning of Germany's fighting. Stalin orders Tymoshenko and Zhukov to arrive in the Kremlin, where the emergency meeting of the Politburo convenes.

3:45. The 1st frontier of the 86th of the August border detachment is attacked by a reconnaissance-sabotage group of the enemy. The personnel of the head, under the command of Alexander Sivachev, enters into battle, destroys the attackers.

4:00. The Commander of the Black Sea Fleet Vice-Admiral Oktyabrsky reports Zhukov: "The enemy falling off. Attempting to strike on our ships is Torn. But in Sevastopol there is a destruction. "

4:05. The heads of the 86th of the August Border Council, including the 1st border guard of Senior Lieutenant Sivachev, are subjected to a powerful artillery shelling, after which a German offensive begins. Border guards, devoid of communication with the command, come into battle with superior enemy forces.

4:10. Western and Baltic special military districts report on the start of the hostilities of the German troops in the land plots.

4:15. Nazis open massive artillery fire on the Brest Fortress. As a result, warehouses were destroyed, the connection was broken, there is a large number of killed and wounded.

4:25. The 45th Infantry Division of the Wehrmacht begins an offensive to the Brest Fortress.

"Protection of non-individual countries, but to ensure the safety of Europe"

4:30. The Kremlin begins a meeting of the Politburo Members. Stalin expresses doubt that what happened is the beginning of the war and does not exclude the version of the German provocation. The drug defense of Tymoshenko and Zhukov insist: this is a war.

4:55. In the Brest Fortress, the Hitlerians manage to capture almost half of the territory. Further progress is stopped by a sudden counterattack of redarmeys.

5:00. German Ambassador to the USSR Count Von Schulenburg presents the People's Commissar of Foreign Affairs of the USSR Molotov "note of the German Ministry of Foreign Affairs to the Soviet Government", which says: "The German government cannot indispensively refers to a serious threat on the eastern border, so the Führer gave orders to the German armed forces by all means take this threat. " An hour after the actual start of hostilities, Germany de Jura declares the war to the Soviet Union.

5:30. In German Radio Reichsministra Propaganda Goebbels read the appeal Adolf Hitler to the German people in connection with the beginning of the war against the Soviet Union: "Now it has come for an hour, when the Jewish-Anglo-Saxon War Ancestors and the Jewish Reliefs of the Bolshevik Center are also needed to speak ... at the moment The greatest troops on its length and volume is carried out, which only seen the world ... The task of this front is no longer the protection of individual countries, but ensuring the safety of Europe and thereby salvation of all. "

7:00. ReichSminister foreign Ribbentrop Starting a press conference, which announces the start of hostilities against the USSR: "The German army invaded the territory of the Bolshevik Russia!"

"The city burns, why don't you pass anything on the radio?"

7:15. Stalin approves the Directive on the reflection of the attack of Hitler's Germany: "The troops with all their forces and means to fall into the enemy forces and destroy them in areas where they violated the Soviet border." The transfer of "Directive No. 2" due to violation by the saboteurs of operation of communication lines in Western districts. In Moscow, there is no clear picture of what is happening in the combat zone.

9:30. It was decided that at noon, with the appeal to the Soviet people in connection with the beginning of the war, the People's Commissar of Foreign Affairs of Molotov will speak.

10:00. From the memories of the speaker Yuri Levitan: "Call from Minsk:" enemy aircraft over the city ", call from Kaunas:" The city burns, why don't you pass anything on the radio? "," Over Kiev enemy aircraft. " Female crying, excitement: "War really? .." Nevertheless, no official posts before 12:00 Moscow time is not transmitted.

10:30. From the report of the headquarters of the 45th German division about the battles on the territory of the Brest Fortress: "Russians are fiercely resisting, especially behind our attackers. In the Citadel, the enemy organized defense by infantry parts with the support of 35-40 tanks and armored cars. The fire of enemy snipers led to great losses among officers and non-Officers. "

11:00. Baltic, Western and Kiev special military districts are transformed into northwest, Western and South-West fronts.

"The enemy will be broken. Victory will be ours"

12:00. The People's Commissar of Foreign Affairs Vyacheslav Molotov reads the appeal to citizens of the Soviet Union: "Today at 4 o'clock in the morning, without presenting any claims to the Soviet Union, without declaring the war, German troops attacked our country, attacked our borders in many places and subjected to bombing Our cities - Zhytomyr, Kiev, Sevastopol, Kaunas and some others, more than two hundred people were killed and injured. The raids of enemy aircraft and the artillery shelling were also committed from the Romanian and Finland territory ... Now that the attack on the Soviet Union has already been made, the Soviet government provides orders to our troops - to beat off the robbery attack and expel the German troops from our homeland ... The government calls you, citizens and Citizens of the Soviet Union, even closer to rally their ranks around our glorious Bolshevik party, around our Soviet government, around our great leader, Comrade Stalin.

Our business is right. The enemy will be broken. Victory will be ours".

12:30. Advanced German parts break into the Belarusian city of Grodno.

13:00. The Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR issues a decree "On Mobilization of Military Racheled ..."

"On the basis of Article 49 of the Point" O "of the Constitution of the USSR, the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet Council of the USSR announces mobilization on the territory of military districts - the Leningrad, Baltic special, Western special, Kiev special, Odessa, Kharkov, Oryvsky, Moscow, Arkhangelsk, Ural, Siberian, Volga, North -Cava and Transcaucasian.

Militibilities are subject to military-bred, born from 1905 to 1918 inclusive. The first day of mobilization is considered June 23, 1941. " Despite the fact that the first day of mobilization is named on June 23, calling points under the military commissocarters are beginning to work by the middle of the day on June 22.

13:30. The head of the General Staff General of Zhukov flies to Kiev as a representative of the newly created headset rate on the South-West Front.

"Italy also declares war to the Soviet Union"

14:00. The Brest Fortress is completely surrounded by German troops. Soviet parts blocked in the Citadel continue to provide fierce resistance.

14:05. The Foreign Minister of Italy Galeazzo Chiano states: "In view of the current situation, due to the fact that Germany declared War of the USSR, Italy, as the German alliance and as a member of the Triple Covenant, also announces the war to the Soviet Union from the moment the German troops joined the Soviet territory."

14:10. The 1st frontier of Alexander Sivacheva leads a fight for more than 10 hours. We had only small arms and grenades border guards destroyed up to 60 nazis and burned three tanks. The wounded head of the outpost continued to command the battle.

15:00. From the notes of the commander of the Army Group of the Center of Feldmarshal von Boca: "The question, whether the Russian systematic departures carry out, while remains open. Currently, there is plenty of evidence as "for" and "against" this.

It is surprising that anywhere is not noticeable to any significant work of their artillery. Strong artillery fire is conducted only in the north-west of Grodno, where the VIII Army Corps comes. Apparently, our air force has an overwhelming superiority over Russian aviation. "
Of the 485 attacked border crossing, no one moved without an order

16:00. After a 12-hour battle, the Nazis occupy the positions of the 1st frontier. It became possible only after all the border guards were killed, defending it. Head of the head Alexander Sivachev was posthumously awarded the Order Patriotic War I degree.

The feat of the head of the senior lieutenant Sivachev became one of the hundreds committed by border guards in the first hours and days of war. The state border of the USSR from Barentsheva to the Black Sea on June 22, 1941 was protected by 666 border stamps, 485 of them were attacked on the very first day of the war. None of the 485 making attacked on June 22 did not move without an order.

The Hitler's command was set to break the resistance of border guards, 20 minutes. 257 Soviet border guard kept defense from several hours to one day. Over one day - 20, more than two days - 16, over three days - 20, more than four and five days - 43, from seven to nine days - 4, over eleven days - 51, over twelve days - 55, over 15 days - 51 Zastava. Up to two months, 45 stamped.

Of the 19,600 border guards who met the Nazis on June 22 in the direction of the main strike of the Army Group "Center", in the first days of the war more than 16,000 were killed.

17:00. Hitler's units manage to take the southwestern part of the Brest Fortress, the North-East remained under the control of the Soviet troops. Stubborn battles for the fortress will continue for another week.

"Church of Christ blesses all Orthodox to protect the sacred borders of our Motherland"

18:00. Patriarchal location, Metropolitan, Moscow and Kolomensky Sergius, drawn by a message to believers: "Favoring robbers attacked our homeland. Pouring any contracts and promises, they suddenly hit us, and here the blood of civilians is already irrigated by their native land ... Our Orthodox Church has always shared the fate of the people. Together with him, she was tried, and comforted his successes. She will not leave the people of their own and now ... Church of Christ blesses all Orthodox to defend the sacred borders of our Motherland. "

19:00. From the notes of the headquarters of the General Staff of the Land Forces of the Wehrmacht General Colonel Franz Galder: "All the army, except for the 11th army of the Army Group" South "in Romania, transferred to the offensive according to plan. The offensive of our troops, apparently, appeared for the enemy on the entire front with complete tactical suddenness. Border bridges through the Bug and other rivers are captured by our troops without a fight and in complete safety. On the complete surprise of our offensive for the enemy shows the fact that the parts were captured by surprise in a barrack location, the aircraft stood on the airfields coated with tarpaulo, and the advanced parts suddenly attacked by our troops were requested by the command that they would do ... the command of the Air Force reported, With this day, 850 opponent aircraft, including entire squadrons of bomber, which, rising to the air without covering fighters, were attacked by our fighters and destroyed. "

20:00. Directive No. 3 of the Defense People's Commissariat of Defense, prescribing the Soviet troops to proceed with the task of defeating Hitler's troops in the USSR with further advancement to the enemy's territory. The directive prescribed to outcome on June 24 to master the Polish city of Lublin.

"We must provide Russia and the Russian people all the help, which we can only"

21:00. Summary of the Chief Command of the Red Army for June 22: "With a dawn on June 22, 1941, regular troops of the German army attacked our border parts at the front from the Baltic to the Black Sea and drove away by them during the first half of the day. In the afternoon, German troops met with the advanced parts of the field troops of the Red Army. After the fierce fighting, the opponent was removed with big losses. Only in the Grodno and Christopolian directions, the enemy managed to achieve minor tactical success and take the place of Calvaria, standing and Ceghanovets (the first two 15 km and the last 10 km from the border).

Aviation of the enemy attacked a number of our airfields and settlements, but everywhere I met a decisive rebuff of our fighters and anti-aircraft artillery, who caused the big losses to the enemy. We are shot down 65 opponent aircraft. "

23:00. Uinston Churchill Prime Minister's appeal to the British people in connection with the German attack on the USSR: "At 4 o'clock this morning, Hitler attacked Russia. All of its usual treachery formalities were observed with a scrupulous accuracy ... Suddenly, without the announcement of war, even without an ultimatum, the German bombs fell from the sky to Russian cities, the German troops broke the Russian borders, and the hour later the Ambassador of Germany, which was literally the on the eve of generously crushed his assurances In friendship and almost union, inflicted a visit to the Russian Foreign Minister and stated that Russia and Germany are in a state of war ...

No one has been a more resistant opponent of communism over the past 25 years than me. I will not take back not a single word about him. But all this pale in front of the spectacle, unfolding now.

Past, with his crimes, madness and tragedies, retreats. I see Russian soldiers as they stand on the border of their native land and protect the fields that their fathers plow from time immemorial. I see how they guard their homes; Their mother and wives pray, oh, yes, because at such a time everyone prayes to preserve their loved ones, about the return of the breadwinner, the patron, his defenders ...

We have to provide Russia and the Russian people all the help, which only we can. We must call all our friends and allies in all parts of the world to adhere to a similar course and conduct it as fast and steadily, as we will do it, to the very end. "

June 22 came to an end. Ahead were another 1417 days of the terrible war in the history of mankind.

Fighter air defense leads from the roof of the house on Gorky Street. Photo: TASS / Naum Granovsky

75 years ago, June 22, 1941, the troops of Nazi Germany invaded the USSR. The Great Patriotic War began. In Russia and some countries of the former Soviet Union on June 22 - the day of memory and grief.

On June 22, 1941, for the USSR and its capital of Moscow, it was determined in Berlin a week before this date - on Saturday, June 14, at a meeting of the Supreme Commander of the Armed Forces of Nazi Germany. On it, Adolf Hitler gave the last declarations of attack on the USSR from 04 am on June 22, 1941.

On the same day, the TASS message was distributed about the Soviet-German relations, which said:

"According to the USSR, Germany also steadily complies with the conditions of the Soviet-German Covenant on non-fire, as well as the Soviet Union, in view of which, according to Soviet circles, rumors about German's intention to break the pact and take an attack on the USSR, deprived of all soil."

However, on June 22, 1941, for the world's first states in the world, the workers and peasants could have occurred and a month from the week before. The leaders of the Third Reich initially planned the invasion of Russia at the end of Thursday May 15. But on April 6, together with the troops of allies - Italy and Hungary - the Germans entered Yugoslavia. The Balkan Campaign enclosed Hitler to postpone the deadlines for the conquest of Moscow.

Until noon on June 22, 1941 (and there are hundreds of archival certificates) Moscow did not know about the invasion of Germany.

04:30. On the streets (according to documents) 48 watering machines were revealed.
05:30. Almost 900 janitors began work. The morning was robbery, sunny, coloring "gentle light of the wall of the ancient Kremlin."
Approximately from 07:00. In parks, squares and other places of ordinary accumulation of people began to unfold "outbound" trading, summer buffets, beer and billiards - the coming Sunday promised to be very warm, if not hot. And in places of mass recreation were waiting for the influx of citizens.
07:00 and 07:30. (Sunday schedule - on ordinary days half an hour before). Dairy shops and bakery opened.
08:30 and 09:00. Grocery and groceries started. Prottovar shops, except Huma and Tsum, did not work on Sundays. The range of goods, in essence, the usual for the peaceful capital. In the "dairy" on Rochetel offered cottage cheese, cottage cheese, sour cream, kefir, procurement, milk, cheese, cheese, butter and ice cream. All products are two or three varieties and items.

In Moscow - Convent Sunday Day

Gorkogo Street. Photo: TASS / F. Kislov

Deli No. 1 "Eliseevsky", the main in the country, posted on the counter boiled, semi and smoked sausages, sausages, sausages from three to four items, ham, buckhenin of three items. In the Fish Department offered a fresh sterlet, a small-headed Caspian herring (hall), hot smoked sturgeon, path and red caviar. In the redundancy, there were Georgian wines, Crimean Madera and Jerez, Portweight, vodka and a rum of one, cognac of four items. At that time, there were no restrictions on the sale of alcohol.

GUM and Tsum put the entire set of domestic sewing and shoe industry, sits, drapes, bostones and other fabrics, jewelry, diverse fiber suitcases. And the jewelness, the cost of certain samples of which exceeded 50 thousand rubles - the fifth of the price of the legendary T-34 tank, the attack aircraft of the victory of IL-2 and three anti-tank guns - CIS-3 Caliber-3-Caliba guns on the price list of May 1941. No one that day could not assume that the central universal store of Moscow will turn into army barracks in two weeks.

From 07:00 to the large "mass event" began to prepare the Stadium "Dynamo". At it, at 12 o'clock, a parade and competitions of physical cultivities were held.
About 08:00 20 thousand schoolchildren were brought to Moscow from the cities and areas of the region - to a children's holiday, which at 11 o'clock began in Sokolniki Park.

No "fermented" graduates of schools in Red Square and in the morning of Moscow in the morning of June 22, 1941 was not. This is the "mythology" of Soviet cinema and literature. The last prom in the capital was held on Friday, June 20.

In short, all 4 million 600 thousand "simple" residents and about one million guests of the capital of the USSR before dinner did not know that the big and the most bloody war began from the night in the history of the country with invaders.

01:21. The border with Poland, absorbed by the Third Reich, crossed the last composition, loaded wheat, which the USSR was supplied under a contract with Germany dated September 28, 1939.
03:05. 14 German bombers, departing from Koenigsberg at 01:10, dropped 28 magnetic bombs at the raid near Kronstadt 20 km from Leningrad.
04:00. Hitler's troops crossed the border in the Brest area. After half an hour, a large-scale offensive began on all fronts - from the South to the Northern List of the USSR.

And when at 11 o'clock in the Pope "Sokolniki" Pioneers of the capital solemn ruler They met their guests - Pioneers of the Moscow Region, Germany advanced to 15, and in some places and 20 km deep in the country.

Summit

Moscow. V.M. Molotov, I.V.Stalin, K.E.Voroschilov (from left to right in the foreground), G.M. Malenkov, L.P.Beria, A.S. Sheerbakov (from left to right in the second row) and Other government members are sent to the Red Square. Photo chronic tass

The fact that the war goes, in the rear in the morning of June 22, 1941, he knew only the top leadership of the country, command of military districts, the first leaders of Moscow, Leningrad and some other major cities - Kuibyshev (now Samara), Sverdlovsk (now Yekaterinburg), Khabarovsk.

06:30. Candidate of Member Politburo, Secretary of the Central Committee and the First Secretary of the Moscow State Committee of the WCP (b) Alexander Sergeevich Shcherbakov gathered an emergency meeting of key leaders of the capital with the participation of senior officers of the NGO, NKVD and directors of the largest enterprises. He and Chairman of the city executive committee Vasily Prokhorovich Pronin had the general titles. At the meeting, priority measures to ensure the vital activity of Moscow in wartime were developed.

By phone directly from the city team, orders were given to strengthen the protection of water supply systems, thermal and electric energy, transport, and, above all, the metro, food warehouses, refrigerators, the channel name of Moscow, railway stations, defense enterprises and other major objects. At the same meeting, the Concept of Masking of Moscow, including the construction of layouts and ulues, protection of government and historical buildings, was formulated at the same meeting.

At the proposal Shcherbakov, from June 23 introduced a ban on entry into the capital to everyone who did not have Moscow regards. For him, the inhabitants of the Moscow region were also included, including those who worked in Moscow. Entered special skips. Even Muscovites were to strain them, gathering in the forest for mushrooms or to a suburban cottage - without skipping back to the capital were not allowed.

15:00. At the day meeting, which took place after speaking on Radio Molotov's radio and after Shcherbakov and Pronin visited the Kremlin, the power of the capital, in agreement with the MOVA general, decided to establish anti-aircraft batteries at all high-rise points. Later in the next day, on June 23, the bid of the Supreme Command, the armed forces of the USSR, such a decision was called "exemplary". And they sent the directive to the military district to provide anti-aircraft defense of cities in the example of the capital.

Ban on photography

One of the remarkable solutions of the second meeting of the management of Moscow on June 22, 1941: an appeal was formulated for a call to the population for three days to surrender to the personal use of cameras, other photographic equipment, film and reagents. Only accredited journalists and special services workers could be used by phototechnics.

In part, therefore, Moscow's photographs of the first days of the war a little. Some of them are at all staged, as, for example, the famous shot of Evgenia Haldey "Muscovites are listening on the radio appeal Tov. Molotova about the beginning of the war on June 22, 1941." In the first military day in the capital of the Union for 12 o'clock in the afternoon (time of direct broadcast speech Commander Molotov) was +24 degrees in C. And in the photo - people in a coat, hats, in one word, dressed in autumn, as in the twenties of September, when , presumably, this picture is made.

By the way, the robes of people on the stage shot are very different from Majs, white canvas shoes and trousers, in which on the other photo of June 22, 1941, Muscovites buy gas on Gorky Street (now - Tver).

At the same morning meeting on June 22, 1941, which Alexander Shcherbakov held a special decree - "warn and stop panic sentiment" in connection with the invasion of Hitler's troops in the USSR. Party secretary and the actual owner of the capital advised to all managers and, especially, artists, writers, newsmens "stick" the position that the war will end in a month, a maximum of one and a half. And the enemy will be broken down on its territory. "And paid special attention to the fact that in the speech of the Molotov war named" sacred ". Two days, 06/24/41, overcoming the protracted depression, Joseph Jugashvili (Stalin) from the filing of Laurentia Beria appointed Shcherbakov (In addition to existing posts and regaliaries), the head of the Sovinform Bureau - the main and, in fact, the only source of information for the masses during the Great Patriotic War.

Stripping

Muscovites are recorded in the rows of folk militia. Photo: Tasse

One of the outcomes of the latter after 21:00, the meeting of the Moscow leadership was the decision to create fighter battalions. They, apparently, were initiated in the Kremlin, because after a day, the general leadership of the divisions were assigned to the Deputy Chairman of the Council of People's Commissar, the head of the NKVD of Lavrentia Beria. But the first fighter battalion in the country began under the gun in Moscow, on the third day of war, June 24, 1941. In the documents, fighter battalions were designated as "voluntary formation of citizens capable of owning weapons." The prerogative of the reception in them remained behind the party, Komsomol, trade union activists and other "verified" (as in the document) by persons not subject to military service. The task of the fighter battalions included the fight against saboteurs, spies, hitler accomplices, as well as gangsters, deserters, marauders and speculators. In short, by all who threatened about the cities and other settlements in military time.

On the fourth day of the war, the Moscow fighter committed the first raids, choosing to begin working camorks and satellite closets, barracks of Marina Grove. "Cleaning" was quite effective. 25 gangsters with weapons are taken. Five particularly dangerous representatives of criminality are eliminated in a shootout. Seating foods (stewing, bumps, smoked, flour, cereals) and industrial goods stolen before the start of the war from one of the warehouses in the area of \u200b\u200bthe fillets.

The reaction of the leader

Secretary General WCP (b) Joseph Stalin. Photo: Tasse

In Moscow, not only the Gorka CBP (b) and the city executive committee, but all the highest power of the USSR. According to the "reflected" documents, Stalin reported on the invasion of the Hitler's troops almost immediately - about 04: 35-04: 45. He, as usual, did not go to bed, and, on one of the versions, was located on the "near dacha".

The subsequent (second) report on the promotion of the Germans throughout the front produced a strong impression on the leader. He locked in one of the rooms and did not leave it about two hours, after which I allegedly went to the Kremlin. The text of the speech Vyacheslav Molotov did not read. And demanded to report to him about the setting on the fronts every half hour.

According to evidence of a number of military leaders, it was all difficult to make it difficult - the connection with the current parts leading the fierce battles with the German troops was weak, and there was no weight. In addition, already by 18-19, on June 22, 1941, surrounded by Nazis, according to various data, a total of 500 thousand to 700 thousand soldiers and Officers of the Red Army, which are incredible efforts, with terrible intelligence deficit, technology and weapons, Tried to break through the "rings" of the Nazis.

However, according to others, also "reflected" documents, on June 22, 1941, the leader was on the Black Sea, at the cottage in Gagra. And, according to the USSR ambassador in the United States Ivan Mayski, "after the first report on the attack of Germany, he fell into prostration, completely cut himself from Moscow, for four days remained out of connection, drinking to the stupor."

So it? Or not? Take it difficult. It is not possible to check no longer - the documents of the CPSU Central Committee since that time massively burned and destroyed at least 4 times. For the first time in October 1941, when Panic began in Moscow after the entry of the Nazis motorcyclists on the Leningrad Prospect in the Sokoli area began in Moscow. Then later in late February 1956 and late October 1961, after the exposure of the cult of the personality of Stalin at the XX and XXII CPSU congresses. And finally, in August 1991, on the defeat of the GCCP.

Yes, and is it necessary to check everything? It remains the fact that in the 10 first days of war, the most difficult for the country of time, Stalin was not heard, and not visible. And all the orders, orders and directives of the first week of war are signed by Marshals and generals, addresses and deputies of the USSR SCC: Lavrenting Beria, George Zhukov, Semyon Tymoshenko, George Malenkov, Dmitry Pavlov Vyacheslav Molotov and even the "party granule" of the capital Alexander Shcherbakov.

Appeal of the cloth Molotov

12:15. From the Central Telegraph Studio, one of the leaders of the Soviet state by the People's Commissar of Foreign Affairs Vyacheslav Molotov spoke on the radio with the appeal.

It began in words: "Citizens and citizens of the Soviet Union! The Soviet government and his head of Comrade Stalin entrusted me to make the following statement. Today, at 4 o'clock in the morning, without presenting any claims to the Soviet Union, without an ad by the war, German troops attacked our country ... "The performance ended with the most famous words, turned into idioms of the whole of the Great Patriotic War:" Our business is right! The enemy will be broken! Winning will be behind us! ".

12.25. Judging by the "visiting magazine", Molotov returned from the Central Telegraph to Stalin's Cabinet.

The speech of the Muscovites Commissar listened mainly on the reproductors installed on all the streets of the city, as well as in parks, in stadiums and other places mass accumulation of people. In the execution of the speaker Yuri Levitan, the text of the speech of Molotov was repeated 4 times at different times.

Muscovites are listening to a message about the attack of Hitler's Germany on our homeland. Photo: TASS / Evgeny Khalday

At the same time from about 09:30. Until 11:00 in the Kremlin, allegedly was a serious discussion about who should come up with such an appeal? On one of the versions, everything as one, members of the Politburo believed that it was to do Stalin himself. But he actively unlored, repeating the same thing: the political situation and the position on the fronts are not yet clear, and therefore it will appear later.

As time went. And tightening information about the beginning of the war became dangerous. At the proposal of the leader, those who inform the people about the beginning of the Holy War, became Molotov. According to another version, there was no discussion, because in the Kremlin it was not Stalin himself. Want, it was, to instruct the people about the war "All-Union Steel" by Mikhail Kalinin, but he even read on a piece of paper, knocking on the syllables.

Life after the start of the war

The news of the invasion of Hitler's troops on June 22, 1941, judging by the documents of archives (reports of employees and freelance agents of the NKVD, the protocols of the police), as well as memoirs of eyewitnesses, did not belong to the inhabitants and guests of the capital in despondency and did not change their plans too much.

Already after reporting the beginning of the war, the passenger trains of Moscow-Adler moved along the schedule from the Kursk station. And under the night of June 23 - on Sevastopol, which Hitler's aviation was harshly bombed another 05:00 on June 22. True, passengers who had tickets to the Crimea, landed in Tula. And the train itself was allowed only to Kharkov.

During the day in the parks played brass bands, in theaters with full halls there were performances. Before the evening, hairdressers worked. Were practically clogged by visitor beer, billiards. In the evening, the dance flooring was not empty. The famous Melody of Fockey "Rio Rita" was heard in many corners of the capital.

A distinctive feature of the first military day in Moscow: mass optimism. In conversations, in addition to the strong words of hate to Germany and Hitler, sounded: "Nothing. For a month. Well, one and a half. We will break, spread Gadina!". Other metropolitan sign on June 22, 1941: after the attack of people's Nazis in military form Everywhere, even in beer, began to pass without a queue.

Anti-aircraft artillery on guard of the city. Photo: TASS / Naum Granovsky

An impressive example of the efficiency of the Moscow authorities. At their disposal on sessions in cinemas after 14 hours of the same on June 22, 1941 in front of art films (and these were "Shchors", "if tomorrow", "Professor of Malka", "Family Oppenheim", "Boxers") began to show learning Short films like "light-disconstruction of a residential building", "Take care of gas masks", "the simplest shelter from the air bombs."

In the evening, in the garden "Hermitage" sang Vadim Kozin. In the restaurants "Metropol" and "Aragvi", judging by the "Consumers" sheets "of the kitchen and a buffet, the sandwiches with a path (black) caviar, a herring with a bow, fried wine sauce, a pork korean, soup haircer, Chanahi (Barania Schwow ), Baranya Cutlet on the bone with a complex side dish, vodka, KV Cognac and Herez wine.

Moscow did not fully realize: big War already goes. And on the fields of her battles, thousands of RKKA fighters have already been launched, hundreds of civilians of Soviet cities and villages died. After a day, in the passages of the city, they will celebrate the influx of fathers and mothers with a request to replace the name Adolf to Anatoly, Alexander, Andrei in the birth certificates of their sons. Being adolphal (in the surprise - adikiki), massively appeared in the second half of 1933 and at the end of 1939, in June 1941 it became not only disgusting, but not safely.

A week later . In the capital of the USSR, gradually begin to introduce cards for food, household goods, shoes and fabric.
In two weeks. Muscovites will see the newsreel personnel on which the Soviet villages are burning, the village and the city and the women and young children who are shot by the Nazis and young children.
Exactly in a month. Moscow will survive the first lard of Hitler's aviation, and in humilia, not in the cinema, will see the disheveled bodies of fellow citizens, destroyed and burning houses.

In the meantime, on the first day of the war, in Moscow, everything is as follows how in the textbook poem Gennady Schapalikova "on the site of dance forty first year": "Nothing that Poland is not. But the country is strong. A month later - and no more - war will end ... "

Evgeny Kuznetsov