The famous American writer Jerome David Salinger became one of the most influential authors of the 20th century. The novel of the writer became the novel of the writer "above the abyss of rye". As for volumes, the contribution to the literature cannot be called great, but few of the writers could be put on one step with him.

Childhood and youth

Jerome David Sallinger was born on January 1, 1919 in the city of New York. The father of the boy, Solomon Sallinger, by nationality was the Jew of Lithuanian origin, which was engaged in the wholesale trade with smoked and cheeses. Mom Miriam, who was called the name of Mary Gillik to the wedding, who had Scottish Irish origin, adopted Judaism. In the family, except Jerome, his older sister Doris was brought up. The difference between children is 8 years and 2 months.

Father sought to grow her son to an educated person. In 1936, the young man graduated military school In the city of Valley Fortj. His debut took place in the literature: Jerome wrote 3 stanzes for the School anthem, which is still fulfilled.

In the summer of 1937, Sallinger listened to lectures at the New York University, and after a year was in Poland, where in the city of Bydgoszcz, at the request of the father, the manufacture of sausages studied. Returning home, attended lectures in Ursinus College, in Pennsylvania, and in 1939 he entered the Columbia University, where he listened to the course of lectures on the short history, he read W. Bernett.

As a result, David did not finish any educational institution And did not show career aspirations. By this, he caused Father's discontent, with whom in the end it turned out forever.

In the spring of 1942, Jerome called on the army, where he graduated from the officer-sergeant school of communication troops. IN next year In the rank of sergeant, a man was transferred to counterintelligence and sent to Nashville (Tennessee).

Creation

The main characters most of the works of Salinger are children under 17 years old. Nevertheless, it is unlikely that it can be called a "children's" writer. In the work, the author raises the theme of opposition to the teenager and the surrounding world. Heroes of works enclose the existence that does not find certain boundaries.

The debut story "Young people" in 1940 published the magazine Stori. As for the first serious fame, she came after the publication "Fish-Bananka", which describes the day of Simra Glass and his spouse.

11 years after the publication of the first work, July 16, 1951, was printed the only novel "Above the abyss of rye", the author worked on this story for 10 years.

The literary critics of that time approved the novel, still not losing popularity. Nevertheless, the book was banned in some countries and the states of the United States due to depressiveness and grave vocabulary.

On the output of the novel in various publications published 26 works of Jerome, including 7 out of 9 novel. In 1953, they made a separate compilation called "Nine Story". In the 60s, the work of "Franni and Zui" and "above rafters, carpenters" comes out.

Personal life

In 1942, Jerome began to meet with the Yaan, the daughter of the playwright of Yujina O'Neill. But soon she met and subsequently married him.

The first wife of Sallinger became German Silvia Weltter. He first arrested the Nazi, and then married her. Together they returned to America, where for some time they lived in the house of the parents of Jerome. But the marriage turned out to be short-lived - without living and years, the couple broke up.

According to the daughter of Sallinger, the reason for the break was the incompatibility of opinions: later the author came up with a contemptuous nickname "Salva" for the girl, which "Saliva" translates from English.

The second wife of the writer became a student Claire Douglas, the daughter of art criticism of Robert Langton Douglas. The meeting occurred in 1950, at that time Claire was 16 years old, and the author is 31 years old. A girl from a respected British family went through the Atlantic away from the war.

Some sources claim that the author seduced by young Claire, but this is not exactly accurate. At that time, Jerome spiritually improved and refrained from intimate proximity. His mentor was the Indian Guru, and the practices were reflected in the works of the writer.

Claire and Jerome got married in 1955, the daughter of Margaret and Son Matthew was born in the family. Salinger insisted that the wife threw training for 4 months before the release and moved to him. The girl succumbed to persuasion and did, as the beloved asked.

The house in which the young family lived, only with the stretch could be called suitable for housing. Nevertheless, as Margaret reports from the words of the mother, the already famous writer demanded exquisite dishes from his wife and shifting bed linen 2 times a week.

As a child, the daughter often sick, but a man, based on his conviction, refused to cause a doctor. Later, Claire confessed to his daughter, which literally walked around the edge, thinking to commit suicide during pregnancy.

According to Margaret's convictions, she and her brother were born by chance, the girl believes that for Ji Di they were unlikely to be desirable children. But the writer turned out to be a good father: he often played with babies and fascinated by the stories of his own essay.

Nevertheless, it constantly enthusiastically attracted to women. In 1966, the writer divorced Claire, and soon her place was taken by a journalist Joyce Mainard, who was 18 years old at that time.

Colin became the last wife of Salinger, she was 50 years old.

Death

After the novel "Above the Pelia in rye" became popular, Sallinger led a novel life. After 1965 the author stopped printed - I composed the story only for myself.

In New Hampshire, Jerome David Sallinger died a natural death in his house on January 27, 2010. The writer's literary agent said that in 2009, Sallinger damaged the pelvic bone, but he felt well for a long time.

Documentary "For the abyss of rye" tells about the personality and life of the Salinger.

• At school over Jerome, they often mumbled because of his second name - David. In order to avoid trouble, Sallinger banned teachers to contact him on the second name. By the way, the boy studied very badly, only expressive performances on the performances of the dramatic circle can be distinguished from school success.
• In 1942, the writer went to the service, where he participated in the famous operation on landing paratroopers in Normandy. Returning home, Salinger hit the hospital with a diagnosis of "nervous breakdown".
• The author was not easy to experience his popularity after the publication "over the abyss of rye". Jerome did not want to communicate with journalists, led the recovery life. A categorical refusal to the writer responded to an attempt to create a meeting of his letters.

• The writer was engaged in the study of alternative medicine, Hinduism and Buddhism. His worldview was very peculiar.
• Despite the fact that Sallinger bought himself a house in the distance, near the forest, hesitated him with a fence and hung the signs of "outsiders are prohibited", the writer could be regularly seen in the bar with different girls.
• One interview with Sallinger was still - a high school student for the newspaper "Clermont Dale Negl". When the writer found out that the text of the article fell on the first lane of the local newspaper, he came into rage. It was after this occasion that the feeling of his dedicated jero fenced the house with a high fence.

• Salinger bequeathed to publish his unnecessary works in the period from 2015 to 2020. Among them are autobiographic information about interrogations conducted by him during World War II.
• In the story "Lost Letter" was published by the real number of the author's telephone: 603-675-5244.
• At the end of 2016 education Centre The Center for Cartoon Studies opened applications from artists who wish to live in the former Salider's residence. For the winner, a small scholarship was allocated, which made it possible to concentrate on creating a special work.

• Once a literary critic Jan Hamilton, obviously not looking for light paths, tried to write the author's biography. But Jerome was so furious that he filed to Hamilton to impose a ban on the use of non-previously published letters.
• 3 "numbered" cats lived in Salfier's house: Kitty-1, Kitty-2 and Kitty-3.

Quotes

Because a person died, he could not stop loving him, damn it, - especially if he was better than everyone else, you know?

It would be better for some things not changed. Well, if they could be put in a glazed showcase and not touch.

The body of a woman is a violin, you have to be a wonderful musician to make it sound.

The day will come, and you will have to decide where to go. And immediately need to go there where you decided. Immediately. You do not have the right to lose a minute. You can not it.

I presented myself as little children play in the evening in a huge field, in rye. Thousands of kids, and a circle - nor soul, no adult, except me. And I stand on the very edge of the rock, over the abyss, you know? And my business is to catch the children so that they do not break into the abyss. You see, they play and do not see where they run, and then I run up and catch them so that they do not break down. That's all my work. Hearing guys over the abyss of rye. I know it's nonsense, but this is the only thing I want to truly. I guess I am a fool.

Bibliography

• 1940 - Teens
• 1940 - Watch with Eddie
• 1941 - to blame, correct
• 1941 - Shower of unhappy story
• 1942 - Lucky Debut Lois Taggett
• 1942 - Informal report about one infantry
• 1943 - Varioni Brothers
• 1943 - Tilted Forest
• 1944 - by mutual agreement
• 1944 - Soft-hearted sergeant
• 1944 - the last day of the last dismissal
• 1944 - once a week - you will not be lost
• 1945 - Elaine
• 1945 - I'm crazy
• 1945 - soldier in France
• 1945 - Herring in Barrel
• 1945 - Strying
• 1946 - Easy Riot on Madison Avenue
• 1948 - Familiar Girl
• 1949 - a man who laughed
• 1949 - in the boat
• 1951 - And these lips, and the eyes of green
• 1952 - Blue Dead Smith period
• 1953 - Teddy
• 1955 - above rafters, carpenters
• 1959 - Simor: Introduction
• 1965 - 16th day of Hapworth

Reading time: 4 min

Jerome David Sallinger is a famous American novelist and the novelist, born in 1919 in a wealthy Jewish family. After graduation, the forge was sent to the Military Academy in 1934-1936. Later, Sallinger studied at the New York University and Columbia University, it was then that the writer first published several short stories.

A little about the writer

D.D. Sallinger for writing the novel "Above the Pelvi in \u200b\u200brye"

Since then, Sallinger has been published in many well-known magazines, including in the famous news "New York". But the most popular product was the novel "Above the Pelvi in \u200b\u200brye" (1951), although critics were highly appreciated and his prose miniatures. When the book became a bestseller, Salinger began to lead the recovery lifestyle in the forest, in this hut, the writer spent most of his life. He died on January 27, 2010 at the age of 91. More Salinger never published his works, but continued to write. Some interesting facts from the life of a Salliner who will inspire you to familiarize yourself with a small procure of the writer and re-read the reasonable bestseller.

Sausage tycoon

Salinger's father dreamed that his son will continue a family business - the production and sale of sausages. Jerome still really went to study the secrets of meat production in 1937, but quickly realized that his purpose was to create art, and not different kinds sausages.

Friendship with Hemingway

Many may seem that Sallinger and Hemingway absolutely different people According to the worldview, according to the writers managed to make friends at the time of the army service. Writers carried their warm friendship through all their lives.

Sallinger fought in World War II

In 1942, the writer went to the front, participated in the Norman operation as part of the famous infantry regiment. Jerome was one of the first who participated in liberation concentration camp. During the war, most of the novel was written "Above the Absurement in rye". As a result, the war negatively affected the nervous state of the writer, Sallinger in 1945 was in the hospital for nervous. After the war, the writer continued state activities And he worked as an employee of American counterintelligence.

The daughter of the writer in his memoirs talks about the insane hatred of Jerome to the Nazis. But at an amazing coincidence of circumstances, Sallinger falls in love with the Nazi Silvia arrested by him, the marriage launched no more than a year.

Love in juvenile girls

Salfier's biography researchers pay attention to the wisdom of the writer with young girls aged 14-16 years. Salinger began to meet with Jean Miller when she was 14 years old. They didn't have sex, while the girl was not fulfilled 20, only after this long-awaited night Salinger on the very next day he broke up with Jean. The former wife of the writer is convinced that after the birth of daughter Margaret Jerome lost his sexual interest to her, Claire became too adult for him.

American hermit

Researchers argue that Sallinger was not a particularly replacement. Yes, the writer bought himself a house in the distance near the forest, hesitated him with a high fence, hung the signs of "outsiders are prohibited". But regularly Sallinger could be seen in the bar pulling a cocktail in the company with cute girls (every time different). Maybe the fact that Sallinger did not like excessive attention of the press to his person that he decided to proclaim himself a hermit (as the French say "let the duck"). The last publication in the life of the writer was in 1965, the last interview - in 1980.

Salinger's daughter in his memoirs talks about the nasty life in the father's hut. Jerome decided to become a hermit of age for 40 years, but his wife and two children suffered from this. There was no heating in the house or conditions for normal life. As a result, with his wife Claire Jerome divorced in 66 years, and he himself continued to live in his favorite hut.

Passion for theology and mysticism

Salinger deeply became interested in philosophy, I was interested in Zen Buddhism, Scientology, Christian teachings. At times, Jerome sat down the hungry weeks - either only vegetables, or was fed exclusively by proteins. The daughter of Margaret says that her father was convinced that urine is able to heal from any ailments, so I drank my urine in the form of a medicinal drug.

"Silence is a wonderful world for a writer, not glory. When you publish your works, the world thinks that you are obliged to something. If you are hiding your creations from the public, you preserve them for yourself. "

Sensual indication

Another interesting fact About Salgere - Writer published his real phone number in the story "Lost Letter" - "If what, this is my phone number - 603-675-5244."

Frame from the movie " Poor Lisa"(2000)

In the vicinity of Moscow, the once young Lisa girl lived near Simonov Monastery with his old mother. After the death of the lysine father, a rather wealthy postlane, a wife and daughter doused. The widow day from the day became weaker and could not work. One Lisa, without sparing its delicate youth and rare beauty, worked day and night - the canvas fabrics, knitted stockings, collected flowers in the spring, and in the summer of berries and sold them in Moscow.

Once in the spring, two years after the death of the Father, Lisa came to Moscow with Lrangess. Young, well dressed man met her on the street. Having learned that she sells flowers, he suggested her ruble instead of five kopecks, saying that "Beautiful lilies, torn by the hands of a beautiful girl, stand Ruble." But Lisa refused the proposed amount. He did not insist, however, he said that he would continue to buy flowers from her and would like her to rush them only for him.

Having come home, Lisa told Mother's Lisa, and the next day narrowed the best lonsters and came to the city again, but this time did not meet this time. Throwing flowers to the river, she and sadness in his soul returned home. The next day, the stranger himself came to her house. Already envying him, Lisa rushed to Mother and excitement, who goes to them. The old woman met the guest, and he seemed to her a very kind and pleasant man. Erast - so called a young man - confirmed that she was going to buy flowers in Lisa in the future, and she does not have to go to the city: he himself can travel to them.

Erast was a rather rich nobleman, with a fairious mind and kind from nature with a heart, but weak and windy. He led the scattered life, thought only about his pleasure, looking for him in secular fun, and not being missed and complained about fate. Immaculate beauty of Lisa at the first meeting shocked him: it seemed to him that he found exactly what he was looking for a long time ago.

So it was the beginning of their long dates. Every evening they saw each other on the banks of the river, or in a birch grove, or under the shadow of centenary oaks. They hugged, but their hugs were chicted and innocent.

So passed a few weeks. It seemed nothing could prevent their happiness. But once in the evening, Lisa came on a dating sad. It turned out that she was woven by the groom, the son of a rich peasant, and Mother wants her to come for him. Erast, comforting Lisa, said that, by the death of his mother, he would take her to himself and would live with it inseparably. But Lisa reminded the young man that he would never be able to be her husband: she is a peasant, and he is a nobleman. You offend me, Erast said, for your friend is the most important than your soul, sensitive, innocent soul, you will always be closest to my heart. Lisa rushed into his arms - and in this hour to dwell to death.

The error passed in one minute by giving way to the surprise and fear. Lisa cried, saying goodbye to the erast.

Dating them continued, but how everything changed! Lisa was not already for ERAST an indity angel; Platonic love gave way to the feelings that he could not "be proud" and who were not new to him. Lisa noticed a change in it, and it was sad.

Once, during a meeting, Erast reported Lisa that he was called upon to serve in the army; They will have to part for a while, but he promises to love her and hopes on returning never to part with it. It is not difficult to imagine yourself how hardly worried Lisa separation with your beloved. However, Hope did not leave her, and every morning she woke up with the thought of Eraste and their happiness on his return.

It went about two months. Once Lisa went to Moscow and at one of the big streets saw Erast, passing by in a magnificent carriage, which stopped near a huge house. Erast came out and wanted to go to the porch, as suddenly felt herself in lysine arms. He turned pale, then, not to mention a word, spent her in the office and locked the door. Circumstances changed, he announced a girl, he was engaged.

Before Lisa could come to his senses, he brought it out of the office and said the servant to spend it from the yard.

Update on the street, Lisa went where the eyes look, unable to believe the heard. She came out of the city and for a long time Brela, until he suddenly found himself on the shores of a deep pond, under the canopy of the ancient oaks, which in a few weeks before that were silent witnesses of her delights. This memory shocked Lisa, but in a few minutes she plunged into deep thoughtfulness. Seeing a neighbor girl, walking on the road, she clicked her, took out all the money from his pocket and gave it to that asking to convey to Mother, kiss her and ask for forgive the poor daughter. Here she rushed into the water, and they could no longer be saved.

Lysina Mother, having learned about the terrible death of his daughter, could not stand the blow and died on the spot. Erast was unhappy until the end of the life. He did not deceive Lisa when he told her that she was going to the army, but instead of fighting his enemy, played the card and lost everything. He had to marry him in an elderly rich widow, which was in love for him for a long time. Having learned about lysine fate, he could not comfort himself and read himself as a killer. Now, maybe they have already been reconciled.

Repeated

Karamzin N M.

Poor Lisa

Maybe none of those living in Moscow knows so well the surroundings of the city of this, as I, because no one else happens in the field, no one wanders on foot, without a plan, without a goal - where you look - in the meadows and groves , by hills and plains. Any summer I find new pleasant places or in old new beauty. But everything is more pleasant for me, the place on which the gloomy, Gothic towers of SI ... Nova Monastery are tested. Standing on this grief, you see on the right side almost all of Moscow, this terrible bullfight of houses and churches, which seems to be the eyes in the form of a majestic amphitheater: a magnificent picture, especially when the sun shines on it when the evening rays flashes on countless devoted dips, in countless Crosses, to the sky crazy! Downstairs, fat, dense-green flowering meadows, and behind them, in yellow sands, flows a light river, worn by light oars of fishing boats or noisy cargo stips, which float from the fruitful countries Russian Empire And you give all the bread with bread.

On the other side of the river, the oak grove is visible, the numerous herds graze; There are young shepherds, sitting under the shadows of trees, sing simple, sad songs and reduce those summer days, such for them are uniform. Female, in the thick greenery of the ancient elites, shines the golden-headed Danilov Monastery; Even further, almost on the edge of the horizon, the sparrows of the mountains are shine. On the left side are visible extensive, bread-covered fields, wood, three or four villages and a village of Kolomenskoye with a high palace.

Often I come to this place and almost always meet there in spring; There I come to the gloomy days of autumn to grieve along with nature. The winds are scary in the walls of the empty monastery, between the coffins, overgrown with a high grass, and in the dark conversations of Kelii. There, leaning on the ruins of sobric stones, I will listen to a deaf moan time, the vastly missing absorbed, - moan, from which my heart shudders and trembles. Sometimes I enter the kesels and imagine those who lived in them - sad paintings! Here I see a gray-haired senior who kept knee in front of the crucifixion and praying for the soon resolution of his earthly shackles, for all the pleasures disappeared for him in life, all the feelings were died, except for a sense of illness and weakness. There is a young monk - with a pale face, with languid eyes - looks into the field through the lattice of the window, sees merry birds, freely floating in the sea of \u200b\u200bair, sees - and sheds bitter tears from their eyes. He languishes, sluggish, dries - and the sad ringing of the bell emanates me a missing death of him. Sometimes on the gates of the temple, I consider the image of miracles, in the seaside of the monastery of what happened, there the fish are falling from the sky to saturate the inhabitants of the monastery, deposited by numerous enemies; Then the image of Our Lady draws enemies to flight. All this updates in my memory the history of our Fatherland in my memory - a sad story of those times when the fierce Tatars and Lithuanians fire and the sword devastated the surroundings of the Russian capital and when unfortunate Moscow, as a defenseless widow, was expected from one of God to help help their disasters.

But only more often attracts me to the walls of the SI ... Nova Monastery Memories of the deplorable fate of Lisa, poor Lisa. Oh! I love those items that touches my heart and make me shed tears of tender grief!

Seeds in seventy from the monastery wall, beside the birch grove, among the green meadow, there is an empty hut, without doors, without an end, without floor; The roof has long shown and collapsed. In this hut for years in thirty before the sim lived, the beautiful, kind of Lisa with an old woman, his mother.

Father Lizin was pretty promotional village, because he loved the work, smelling well the land and led a sober life. But soon, by death, his wife and daughter dinner. The lazy hand of the mercenary wuddly processed the field, and the bread stopped born well. They were forced to give their land in Vince, and for very little money. In addition, the poor widow, almost indiscriminately shedding tears about the death of her husband's husband - because the peasants can love themselves! - The day from the day I became weaker and could not work at all. One Lisa, which remained after the Father Fifteen, is one Lisa, without sparing their tender youth, without a rare beauty of her, she worked day and night - the canvas tails, knit stockings, the flowers rode flowers, and in the summer he took berries - and sold them in the summer Moscow. Sensitive, kind of old woman, seeing the tirelessness of his daughter, often pressed her to a slightly tagged heart, called God's delicate, feeding, and the old age and praying God so that he was awarded her for all that she was doing for the mother.

"God gave me hands to work," Lisa said, "you fed me with my breast and walked me when I was a child; now I came to go for you. Stop it only to eat, stop crying; our tears will not be revived by the father" .

But often a tender Lisa could not keep his own tears - ah! She remembered that she had a father and that he did not become, but to calm the mother tried to hone the sadness of his heart and seem tricky and fun. "In that light, kinda Lisa, - answered the sorting old woman, - in that light I stop crying. There, they say, there will be all fun; I, right, I will be fun when I see your father, just now I don't want to die - that with you Without me it will be? Who leave you? No, God forbid you to attach you to the place! Maybe a good man will soon be reached. Then, blessing you, the lovely children of my children, crossed and calmly a flair in raw land. "

Two years have passed after the death of lysine's father. The meadows were covered with flowers, and Lisa came to Moscow with valley. Young, well-dressed man, pleasant view, met her on the street. She showed him flowers - and flashed. "Do you sell them, girl?" He asked with a smile. "I sell," she answered. "What is needed?" - "Five kopecks?". - "It's too cheap. Here's the ruble." Lisa was surprised, dared to look at the young man, - even more painted and, having filled his eyes to Earth, told him that she would not take the ruble. "Why?" - "I am not needless." - "I think the beautiful lilies, torn by the hands of a beautiful girl, stand ruble. When you do not take it, here are five kopecks. I would always buy flowers from you; I would like to rush them only for me," Lisa gave flowers, took five kopecks, bowed and wanted to go, but the stranger stopped her hand; "Where can you go, a girl?" - "Home", - "Where is your home?" Lisa said where she lives, said and went. The young man did not want to hold her, maybe for the fact that those who have started to stop and, looking at them, they smiled cunningly.

Poor Lisa (Tale)

History of creation and publication

Plot

After the death of the Father, the "wealthy postlane", the young Lisa is forced to work without stopping hands to feed himself and mother. In the spring, it sells the valley in Moscow and there meets a young noble entrant, who falls in love with her and ready to leave the light for her love. Loves spend together all evening, share bed. However, with the loss of innocence Lisa lost to Erast and its attractiveness. Once, he reports that he must make a goal with the regiment and they will have to part. A few days later, Eraste leaves.

It takes several months. Lisa, being in Moscow, accidentally sees Eras in a magnificent carriage and finds out that he is engaged (he lost his own estate and is now forced to marry rich widow). In despair, Lisa rushes into the pond.

Artistic peculiarity

Simonov Monastery

The story is borrowed by Karamzin from European love literature, but moved to the "Russian" soil. The author hints that he is personally familiar with Erast ("I met him a year before his death. He himself told me this story and led me to a lysine grave") and emphasizes that the action takes place in Moscow and its surroundings, describes, for example , Simonov and Danilov Monasteries, Sparrow Mountain, creating an illusion of reliability. For Russian literature of that time, it was an innovation: usually the work of the works unfolded "in one city". The first readers of the story took the story of Lisa as a real tragedy of contemporaries - it's not by chance that a pond under the walls of Simonov The monastery was named lysine pond, and the fate of Karamzin's heroine is a mass of imitation. The oaks grow around the pond were dressed with inscriptions - touching ( "In the jets, this poor crocheted Liza Days; If you are sensitive, passerby, reed! ") and caustic ( "Here I rushed into the Pond Erastov Bride. Tweet, Girls: Pretty Places in Pond! ") .

However, despite the apparent lobes, the world depicted in the story, idyllic: the peasant Lisa and her mother possess the sophistication of feelings and perception, their speech is literate, literary and no different from the speech of the nobleman Erast. The life of the poor Pasthalan reminds Pastoral:

Meanwhile, the young shepherd on the banks of the river chase herd, playing on the swirls. Lisa rushed his eyes to him and thought: "If the one who occupies now my thoughts was born, was a simple peasant, shepherd, - and if he had handed me a herd: ah! I would bow to him with a smile and would say a friendly: "Hello, kind shepherd! Where are you going a flock of your own? And here is growing green grass for your sheep, and here are flowers, from which you can weigh the wreath for your hat. " He would look at me with a kind of gentle - I would take it, maybe my hand ... Dream! " The shepherd playing on the swirls, passed by and with the pilot herd His hidden behind the Middle Hill.

The story became a model of Russian sentimental literature. In contrast to classicism with his cult of mind, Karamzin argued the cult of feelings, sensitivity, compassion: "Ah! I love those objects that touch my heart and make me shed tears tender grief! " . Heroes are important above all the ability to love, surrender to feelings. There is no class conflict in the story: Karamzin is equally sympathized with Erast and Lisa. In addition, unlike the works of classicism, "poor Lisa" is deprived of morality, didactism, editing: the author does not say, but is trying to call the reader with the heroes.

The story distinguishes both "smooth" language: Karamzin abandoned old-places, high pollution, which made a work easy to read.

Criticism about the story

"Poor Lisa" is because he was adopted by the Russian public with such a delight that in this work Karamzin the first one has expressed the "new word", which the Germans said to Goethe in his "vertier". Such a "new word" was in the leaders of the suicide of the heroine. The Russian audience, accustomed to the old novels to the comforting junction in the form of weddings, believed that virtue is always awarded, and the vice is punished, for the first time in this story met with bitter truth.

"Poor Lisa" in art

In painting

Literary reminiscence

Staging

Shielding

• 1967 - "Poor Lisa" (Telesplex), director Natalia Barinova, David Livnev, Cast: Anastasia Voznesenskaya, Andrey Soft.
• - "Poor Lisa", director Idea Garanina, composer Alexey Rybnikov
• - "Poor Lisa", director Glory Zuckerman, Cast Irina Kompyko, Mikhail Ulyanov.

Literature

• Toporov V.N. "Poor Lisa" Karamzin: Experience reading: to two hundred years from the date of release. - Moscow: RGGU, 1995.

Notes

Links

Wikimedia Foundation. 2010.

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