Personality speech portrait

• 1) One of these parameters is the lexicon of the linguistic personality - the level that reflects the mastery of the lexical and grammatical fund of the language. At this level, the vocabulary of words and phrases used by a particular linguistic personality is analyzed.
• 2) Researchers call the next step the thesaurus. When describing a speech portrait, emphasis is placed on the use of colloquial formulas, speech turns, special vocabulary that make a person recognizable.
• 3) The third level is a pragmaticon, which includes a system of motives, goals, communicative roles that a person adheres to in the process of communication.

The activities of TV presenters are familiar to everyone who watches television. They pose questions to their on-screen interlocutors as representatives of the audience on the screen. At the same time, TV journalists regularly influence public opinion, the minds and hearts of their viewers. A TV journalist forms his style, image, according to certain principles, rules, tastes, in accordance with his own ideas about what a person who is spiritually and morally full of value, about the role of this person in society. A person speaking on television shows his attitude to a particular problem. The coincidence of the positions of the personality of the informant and the source of information does not impoverish, but enriches the information, since the audience knows: the opinion expressed by the TV presenter expresses something more than the opinion of one person. Having created a fundamentally new form of communication, people expanded its boundaries to an unprecedented scale.

Ivan Andreevich Urgant - Russian actor, TV presenter, musician. Each of us can safely call the TV presenter Ivan Urgant an ironic person with an excellent sense of humor. Ivan himself says:

"A share of healthy irony generally brightens up our gray, gloomy everyday life."

Urgant also draws attention to the fact that he lacks live broadcasts on our television:

“The fact is that during a live broadcast, people who work in the frame have completely different feelings. I think you can feel it. All the flaws are compensated by the pleasure that you get when you see what is happening right in front of your eyes "

In conclusion, I would like to remind you what a SPEECH PORTRAIT is. This is a person viewed from the point of view of his ability to perform speech actions- generation and understanding of statements.

By carefully listening to the speech of a stranger, observing him in different communicative situations, we can compose a portrait of a linguistic personality. HUMAN SPEECH IS HIS BUSINESS CARD. It carries information about the most diverse personality traits of the speaker: about his origin, about his age, profession, education, intelligence.

speech portrait personality grammatical

Bibliography

• 1) Matveeva G.G. Speech activity and speech behavior as components of speech. - Pyatigorsk, 1998 .-- 14p.
• 2) Rozanova N.N. Russian speech portrait: Phono-restomacy / M. V. Kitaygorodskaya, N. N. Rozanova. - M., 1995
• 3) http://www.hqlib.ru/st.php?n=101
• 4) http://englishschool12.ru/publ/interesno_kazhdomu/interesno_kazhdomu/rechevoj_portret_politika/57-1-0-3810

The study of the concept of "speech portrait" historically begins with a phonetic portrait, important methods of describing which were developed in the mid-60s of the twentieth century by M.V. Panov. According to S.V. Leorda, “a speech portrait is a linguistic personality embodied in speech” [Leorda 2006], and the problem of a speech portrait is a particular area of ​​research of a linguistic personality. E.V. Osetrova notes the great role of the speech portrait as a component of the speaker's appearance in the formation of an integral personality image. T.P. Tarasenko defines the concept of a speech portrait as "a set of linguistic and speech characteristics of a communicative person or a certain society in a particular period of existence" [Tarasenko 2007: 8]. The researcher identifies a number of personality characteristics that are reflected in the speech portrait: age, gender, psychological, social, ethnocultural and linguistic. G.G. Matveeva understands by a speech portrait “a set of speech preferences of the speaker in specific circumstances to actualize certain intentions and strategies of influencing the listener” [Matveeva 1998: 14]. The researcher notes that with the help of a speech portrait, speech behavior is recorded, which is “automated in the case of a typical repetitive communication situation” [Matveeva 1993: 87]. The character of a work of art can also become an object of study. In literature, a speech portrait is a means of creating an artistic image. M.N. Panova. The speech structure of the artistic image is considered by L.K. Churilina, E.A. Goncharova, E.A. Ivanova, Yu.N. Kurganov, M.V. Pyanova, A.K. Zhunisbaeva. Analysis of a speech portrait is a characteristic of different levels of realization of a linguistic personality. At the same time, it is possible to describe not all layers of the language, since “linguistic paradigms, from phonetic to word-formation, turn out to be quite consistent with general normative parameters” [Nikolaeva 1991: 73]. Researchers talk about the need to “fix bright diagnostic spots” [Nikolaeva 1991: 73]. Few adhere to a rigorous model in describing the speech portrait. Usually, a separate aspect is subjected to consideration, most often these are the features of phonetics and word usage. There are several schemes that reveal the structure of a speech portrait and make it possible to describe it. M.V. Kitaygorodskaya and N.N. Rozanov calls the speech portrait a “functional model of a linguistic personality” [Kitaygorodskaya, Rozanova 1995: 10] and identifies the parameters by which this model is analyzed. One of these parameters is the lexicon of the linguistic personality - the level that reflects the mastery of the lexical and grammatical fund of the language. At this level, the vocabulary of words and phrases used by a particular linguistic personality is analyzed. Researchers call the next step the thesaurus, which represents the linguistic picture of the world. When describing a speech portrait, emphasis is placed on the use of colloquial formulas, speech turns, special vocabulary that make a person recognizable. The third level is the pragmaticon, which includes a system of motives, goals, and communicative roles that a person adheres to in the process of communication. All three levels of this model correspond to the levels of the linguistic personality in the model of Yu.N. Karaulova: verbal-semantic, cognitive and pragmatic. Features of the use of language units

Specific phonetic and lexical units can be easily recorded in the speech of speakers of non-literary forms of the language. The existence of a single norm in a literary language reduces, but does not exclude, the likelihood of the appearance of specific linguistic units in the speech of its speakers.

For example, L.P. Krysin notes the elements of speech of the intelligentsia that distinguish this class from other social strata: the specific pronunciation of certain sounds, especially in the speech of the older generation, characteristic lexical units, and features of word use. The researcher believes that no less important is the conscious or unconscious disuse of any lexical means, “and this applies not only to words belonging to uncodified subsystems of the language - vernacular, slang or dialectal, but quite literary words” [Krysin 2001: 95].

Many researchers pay attention to only one side of speech. M.V. Kitaygorodskaya and N.N. Rozanov in the phono-restomacy "Russian speech portrait" focuses on the description of pronunciation features. Based on tape recordings, researchers identify specific traits, in which speech individuality is reflected. However, the work stipulates that the description is purely individual characteristics speech associated with speech therapy deviations is not included in the research objectives. Speech preferences of a person in preference for a certain orthoepic variant, in a phonetic ellipsis, in the choice of methods of accentuating are considered. The nature of the material also makes it possible to judge the dynamics of the orthoepic norm.

Along with phonetic, the study examines and lexical features: lexical repetitions, the use of diminutives, stylistically reduced, evaluative vocabulary.

In the study "Linguistic personality" in a literary text "L.N. Churilin, on the example of the character of the novel by F.M. Dostoevsky's "Demons", examines the reflection of the verbal-semantic level of the linguistic personality in the individual vocabulary. L.N. Churilina reveals the relationship between the concepts of "mental lexicon", "internal lexicon" and "individual lexicon" and presents the character's dictionary - "a list of words in the aggregate that make up his discourse" [Churilina 2006: 21]. The individual vocabulary in her work is described as “a system serving the communicative needs of an individual” [Churilina 2006: 22], with the help of which it is possible to reconstruct “fragments of the individual image of the world” [Churilina 2006: 22].

The lexical level, more precisely, one part of it - the use of jargon - is described by B. Maksimov. In the article “Speech portrait of youth against the background of our life,” the researcher makes an attempt to define, through youth jargon, the moral image of the new generation.

M.N. Panova speaks of portraying an official in literature as “a semi-literate bourgeois who has learned several phrases, topical slogans and considers them as a guide to action” [Panova 2004: 103]. In the study "The linguistic personality of a civil servant" M.N. Panova pays attention to vocabulary, noting the presence in speech of expressions characteristic of a certain historical time. As part of the style of business documentation, syntax is affected, for example, the use of complex sentences with separate definitions and phrases. Thus, the description of the language level of the speech portrait includes the characteristics of units of one or more levels of language. In many studies, preference is given to the lexical and syntactic level; there are works devoted to a deep description of one of them. The object of research, covering all linguistic levels, is often the collective speech portrait. When analyzing the speech of the carrier literary language one aspect of the analysis is conformance to orthological norms. Features of speech behavior

IN AND. Karasik defines verbal behavior as “a conscious and unconscious system of communicative actions that reveal the character and lifestyle of a person” [Karasik 2004: 84]. According to T.M. Nikolaeva, three stereotypes can be distinguished in speech behavior: speech, which is someone else's speech used by the speaker, communicative - clichéd phrases used in the same situations, and mental, implying habitual reactions in linguistic and non-linguistic form. In the classification of L.P. Rat's use of precedent phenomena corresponds to a speech stereotype, communication formulas correspond to a communicative one, and the phenomenon language game correlates with speech and mental stereotypes.

Introduction

Analyzing our speech, we must rely on theoretical material. The culture of speech is a concept in itself ambiguous. In fact, speech culture deals with the qualitative analysis of utterances and considers the following issues:

How a person uses speech for communication purposes;

What is his speech (correct, incorrect);

How to improve your speech.

In addition, the culture of speech is the ability to use linguistic means in different situations of communication. The subject of this discipline is the language structure of speech in its communicative impact. This discipline is theoretically applied in nature. The theoretical part studies the structure of the language; practical - based on style and rhetoric. Tasks:

Language protection

To teach native speakers to competently apply the proposed norms of speech and the rules for its construction. For the culture of speech, the concept of speech culture is important. The main aspect of the culture of speech is the normative language aspect (knowledge of the norms of the literary language). The central concept of the culture of speech is the linguistic norm.

Aspects of the culture of speech:

1. Normative

2. Ethical

3. Communicative

The study of the text from the point of view of the correspondence of its linguistic structure to the tasks of communication in the theory of speech culture was called the communicative aspect.

The ethical aspect involves knowing and applying the rules of conduct in specific situations. In the 60s of the last century, the linguist Golovin defined the communicative qualities of good speech. These qualities were singled out on the basis of the ratio of speech with separate, non-speech, situations: language, speech, thinking, consciousness, reality, a person (as an addressee of speech), speech conditions.

This complex of non-speech structures requires the following qualities from speech:

Correctness (normativity)

Frequency

Consistency

· Accuracy

Expressiveness

Imagery

· Availability

Relevance

Reality

Each sphere of communication, in accordance with the communicative tasks that are posed in it, require the choice of linguistic means in accordance with the communication situation.

Main part

Correctness of speech, i.e. observance of the norms of the literary language is one of the main communicative properties, since it is the correctness of speech that determines its intelligibility to the addressee, its unity.

Orthoepic correctness of speech is the observance of the norms of literary pronunciation and stress.

Correct, literary pronunciation is an important indicator of the general cultural level of a person. For an oral presentation to be successful, it must be expressive, and expressiveness is achieved by clear and clear pronunciation, correct intonation. Important role at the same time, the normative pronunciation and stress play. Pronunciation errors distract listeners from the content of the speech, thereby making communication difficult, reducing the degree of impact on the listeners.

Stress is one of the means of sound organization of words and speech in general. This is a very important phonetic means, since a word does not exist without stress.

Based on the above, I can analyze my speech. I will not hide, but I really have problems with the placement of stress in some words. It's really not that easy to follow the stress rules. It is the lessons of the culture of speech, taking place in our academy, that help get rid of this flaw in my speech. The teacher of this discipline gives us special exercises to teach us how to place stress or to remember which syllable is stressed. In fact, such work helps, and I began to emphasize pronunciation units more correctly.

The pronunciation norms of the Russian language are determined primarily by the following basic phonetic laws:

1. Reduction of unstressed vowels, i.e. quantitative and qualitative changes in sounds as a result of weakening of articulation;

2. Stunning voiced consonants facing the deaf (assimilating them) at the junction of morphemes (assimilation);

3. The loss of some sounds in combinations of consonants (diaresis).

Speaking about this norm of speech, I want to note that some difficulties also arise with pronunciation, but over time, when they began to teach the subject of speech culture, my speech became much more correct and more literate: I learned to pronounce correctly foreign words, consonant sounds (stunning , voicing, etc.), correctly use the letters "E" and "E".

Also, I would like to talk about how my vocabulary... Undoubtedly, he was replenished with a lot of new words. I heard many of these words for the first time, therefore the tasks we perform in the lessons include an explanation of the lexical meaning of the word. This is done so that we can use these words in our speech. Another way to improve your vocabulary is reading.

It's time to analyze your speech from the point of view of "defilements" (argos, dialectisms, etc.).

Argo (from the French argot) is the language of a socially closed group of persons, characterized by the specificity of the vocabulary used, the originality of its use, but does not have its own phonetic and grammatical system.

Unfortunately, I sometimes use argot in my speech. This is due to the fact that in a team (in this case, in a group) specific names of ordinary objects appear, but they are understandable only to us. It may be convenient to use argo in some situations, but we must not forget that the speech of the future manager must be literate and understandable to everyone, so I am actively fighting with this.

Dialectisms are other contaminants.

Dialectisms, linguistic features characteristic of territorial dialects, interspersed into literary speech. They stand out in the stream of literary speech as deviations from the norm. Phonetic dialectisms differ: for example, clatter, that is, the pronunciation of "dotska", "nots"; yakanye: "five", "ryaka", "syastra"; "x" instead of "g" at the end of the word: "snekh", "drukh", "vrah"; grammatical ending "t" in verbs of 3 persons: "go", "sit", "take"; the ending "e" in the genitive forms of the type: "from the wife", "from the sister"; special use of prepositions: “I came from Moscow”, “I left for bread”, “go to the hut”; word-formation: for example, "side" - "side", "blueberry" - "blueberry", "especially" - "especially". Lexical dialectisms can be of several types: words that name objects, phenomena characteristic of everyday life, the economy of a given area and have no parallels in the literary language: "poneva" is a kind of skirt, "tuyos" is a vessel made of birch bark; words-synonyms corresponding to the literary ones: "kochet" - "rooster", "hefty" - "very"; words that have a different meaning than in the literary language: "thin" - "bad", "weather" - "bad weather". Used in the language fiction as a means of stylization, speech characteristics of characters, creating local color, can also be found in the speech of persons who have not completely mastered the norms of the literary language.

In the main stream of my speech, dialectisms are absent, but still sometimes words slip that do not correspond to the norms of the literary language.

Communication skills - important element in our speech.

Elementary communication is based on the transfer of any information through speech, in order to do this most clearly and clearly, you need to be able to consistently express your thoughts.

Speech culture lessons help me to develop this ability. We perform various kinds of tasks that help to develop the sequence of speech to a greater extent. For example, we compose words of praise for a subject, we write essays on unusual topics using specific words - this is directly related to the development of the ability to consistently express our thoughts.

In addition to all this, the discipline of speech culture develops the ability to breathe correctly, which is very important for a person who wants to have correct speech. We memorize poems and tongue twisters, then we answer them to the teacher with a certain point for taking a breath, and he controls the correctness of this action. I find this exercise very useful because it improves our speech even more.

Conclusion

After analyzing my speech, I can say that I realize the usefulness of my attending speech culture lessons. The exercises that took place there helped me in many ways: improve my vocabulary, learn the lexical meaning of many words, correctly place stress, correctly pronounce difficult words, develop correct breathing, and, of course, find flaws in your speech.

The subject of speech culture is very useful, and I sincerely regret that it is not taught in educational institutions giving secondary education.

15. Sokolova T.M. Expression of the speaker's subjective position as one of the typological signs of Russian colloquial speech // Russian language: historical destinies and the present: materials of the II Intern. Congr. researchers rus. lang. Moscow, March 18-21, 2004 [site]. URL: http: // www.philol.msu.ru/~rlc 2004 / ru / decision / (date of access: 12.03.2010).

16. Ter-Minasova S.G. Languages intercultural communication... - M .: Slovo, 2008 .-- 262 p.

17. Yagubova M.A. Lexico-semantic field "assessment" in Russian colloquial speech: author. dis. ... Cand. philol. sciences. - Saratov, 1992 .-- 21 p.

Atlas Irina Anatolyevna - post-graduate student of the Department of German Philology, GOUVPO IGLU. Address: 664025, Irkutsk, st. Lenin, 8, e-mail: [email protected]

Atlas Irina Anatolyevna - post-graduate student, Irkutsk State Linguistic University. Address: 664025, Irkutsk, Lenin str. 8, e-mail: [email protected]

UDC 811.111.-81.342 © E.A. Babushkina

SPEECH PORTRAIT OF PERSONALITY: PHONETIC CHARACTERISTICS

The article is devoted to the description of the phonetic portrait of a person to determine those speech characteristics of the speaker that characterize him as a person. Among the phonetic characteristics that influence the creation of the correct speech image, a number of segment and, especially, over-segment units, such as speech melody, speech tempo and pause, are noted.

Key words: speech portrait, linguistic personality, pronunciation features, speech melody, speech rate, pause.

SPEECH PORTRAIT: PHONETIC CHARACTERISTICS

The article presents a description of the speaker’s phonetic portrait aimed at identification of speech characteristics which specify their personality. Some phonetic features both segmental and suprasegmental, including speech melody, tempo, pausation, are labeled to have an influence on the coherent image of the speaker.

Keywords: speech portrait, linguistic personality, pronunciation features, speech melody, tempo, pausa-tion.

The problem of creating a speech portrait of the speaker has been worrying the minds of linguists for more than a dozen years. The active development of the anthropocentric approach to the interpretation of the linguistic personality, which united the efforts of many related sciences, such as sociolinguistics, psycholinguistics, pragmalinguistics, ethnolinguistics and others, put the human factor at the forefront, namely, the personal characteristics of a person that affect the processes of speech production and speech perception.

Many researchers note the individuality and uniqueness of the speech portrait of an individual person who has knowledge of linguistic semantics, the system of concepts of her picture of the world and the laws of speech behavior. Yu.N. Karaulov, for example, interprets a linguistic personality as “a set of human abilities and characteristics that determine the creation and perception of speech works (texts), which differ in: a) the degree

structural and linguistic complexity; b) the depth and accuracy of the reflection of reality; c) a certain target orientation ”. This definition combines the abilities of a person with the characteristics of the texts generated by him.

On the other hand, scientists note the promise of creating a collective speech portrait of a person, which would make it possible to judge the speech characteristics of the society, of which the individual is a part, and generalized the phenomena inherent in this community. Defining a speech portrait as "a set of linguistic and speech characteristics of a communicative person or a particular society in a particular period of existence", T.P. Tarasenko identifies a number of personality characteristics that are reflected in the speech portrait: age, gender, psychological, social, ethnocultural and linguistic.

Thus, a speech portrait is a linguistic personality embodied in speech, united with other personalities into one social community (national, demographic, professional, etc.).

In recent decades, the problem of personality identification by voice and speech has attracted the attention of both domestic ones (A.A. Leontiev, R.K. Potapova, E.I. Galyashina, F.E. Yakovlev, V.P. Belyanin, E.A. , A. M. Shakhnarovich, V. I. Batov, S. L. Koval, P. V. Labutin, V. R. Zhenilo, F. I. Yakovlev, T. S. Pekhovsky, E. A. Proshchina , etc.) and foreign linguists (J. Crawford, J. Honey, K. Scherer, A. Broeders, P. French, J. Baldwin, P. Foulkes, A. Barron, P. Ladefoged, J. Laver , F. Nolan,

D. Reynolds, B. Bower, Ph. Rose).

The founder of the concepts of speech and phonetic portrait of a person was M.V. Panov, who described the pronunciation of a number of politicians, scientists and writers of the past. In his model for creating a phonetic portrait, the scientist relied on social characteristics of people, such as belonging to a certain social stratum, the presence of dialectal features in speech, age, profession, etc. Despite the fact that each of the portraits represented the manner of pronunciation of a particular person, he combined in itself, individual and collective properties, since it was a reflection of the speech of its social environment (theatrical, poetic, everyday, etc.).

These ideas were developed by other researchers who set the goal of constructing such speech, or, as T.M. Nikolaev, sociolinguistic portraits, in which there would be an element of choosing options for speech behavior depending on the communication situation. Asking the question of the need to represent all levels of the language system when using a sociolinguistic portrait as a method of describing speech characteristics, she answers it in this way: “Many linguistic paradigms, from phonetic to word-formation, turn out to be quite consistent with general normative parameters and therefore are not of interest. On the contrary, it is important to fix bright diagnostic spots ”.

Analysis of a speech portrait is a characteristic of different levels of realization of a linguistic personality, among which one of the key aspects is phonetic features, in particular, the intonational characteristics of the personality: the rate of speech, its melody,

pause and highlight words that carry a semantic and expressive load. Speech and phonetic portraiture of a personality makes it possible, through the analysis of systems of consonantism, vocalism and intonational characteristics of speech, to reveal the features of a linguistic personality, which carry signs of group belonging.

Human voice being part of his image, serves to create a holistic impression of the personality, which is formed under the influence of the individual characteristics of the quality and range of the voice, its loudness and melody, as well as emotional state speaker, speech normativity, possible defects affecting articulation, and a number of other factors. It is important to remember that the assessment of a person by other people is also conditioned by social stereotypes of speech communication. Nevertheless, knowledge of these objective connections can greatly facilitate the process of communication in both native and foreign languages.

In his fundamental research Russian speech portrait of M.V. Kitaygorodskaya and

N.N. Rozanov examined the pronunciation features of individuals, relying on the phonorecording of speech, in which characteristic features reflecting the speech individuality were manifested. The authors described the speech predilections of the individual regarding the choice of the orthoepic variant, in the phonetic ellipsis, in the choice of accent highlighting techniques. Interesting conclusions about the dynamics of the pronunciation rate, made on the basis of the studied material.

The problem of interaction between the individual and the general language in intonation is central to the research of a group of linguists representing scientific school E.A. Bryzgunova, V. Ya. Trufanova, having analyzed the actor's speech, comes to the conclusion that the speaker's individual preferences are manifested in the nature of the change in tone within the intonation structure (IC), in the originality of the IC combinations and characteristics of the speech rate. In her opinion, the ratio of the individual and the general in intonation is presented as the ratio of the individual choice to the general means available to the intonation system of the language, while "... the impression of originality in intonation is created due to the peculiarities of selection, use and combination of means common to all."

This idea is supported by G.N. Ivanova-Lukyanova, who believes that speech should be considered on the basis of individual characteristics that can be expressed: a) in the simplicity or complexity of the intonation model; b) in the preference of the intonation structure at the beginning, middle or end of a sentence; c) in the direct or indirect use of intonation structures; d) in the peculiarities of the use of expressive intonation; e) in the transitional types of IK, characteristic of the speech of one or another speaker.

The analysis of the general and individual on the material of the sound portrait of politicians determined the parameter of the main tone movement (PFR) as the main diagnostic feature among the considered acoustic parameters of the prosody of political speech. In addition, the variation in the size and direction of the FHT interval conveys the phono-stylistic (genre) characteristics of the speech of Russian politicians.

All these data serve as confirmation that phonetic characteristics an individual's speech is a reflection of the personal characteristics contained in his speech portrait, and includes age, gender, psychological, social, ethnocultural and linguistic characteristics of a person.

The results of numerous experiments conducted by British sociolinguists indicate that a significant amount of information about the speaker's personality depends on the perception of his accent. At the same time, data of a geographical nature, such as the place of birth and place of permanent residence of the speaker, are fundamental. As for the social features of speech, most of them are found only against the background regional specificities, which proves the primacy of regional features in relation to the social characteristics of pronunciation, and, in general, demonstrates a close relationship of social characteristics of speech with territorial ones. It is known that the higher the social status and level of the speaker, the less regional features in his speech, despite the fact that the territorial features of pronunciation are inherent in almost all native speakers.

From the point of view of the interaction of the main prosodic components, melody and dynamics, the dynamic component is the leading means of accent emphasis in dialectal speech, which gives reason to talk about the dynamic nature of phrasal stress in

a number of socio-territorial types of pronunciation. For normalized speech, unity, one-pointedness of the action of melody and dynamics is more characteristic, with the leading role of the tonal component. The phonetic nature of the timbre of voices associated with the socially established articulatory mode of the inhabitants of various regions of Great Britain is revealed through the distribution of the spectrum energy, the total amount of energy spent per unit of time and other indicators.

In contrast to the melodic and dynamic components, the temporal characteristics of regional speech are more susceptible to factors of individual variation and are difficult to generalize. With the exception of some nuances related to the social status of speakers, including their professional level, gender, age, as well as ethnicity and stylistic variation, the rate of speech of speakers of British socio-territorial types of pronunciation is within the normal range and cannot serve as a basis for their opposition.

Belonging to a certain social class as a limited group of people, along with being included in a certain social network with a hierarchy of connections inside and outside it, have a significant impact on the formation of the type of speech behavior, including the type of pronunciation. According to T.I. Shevchenko, “.social differentiation of pronunciation reflects social differentiation in society,” and the type of pronunciation is associated with the lifestyle of the people who own it, therefore the accent has value as a symbol of class.

As studies of regional speech have shown, "the intonation contour in the aggregate of its melodic, temporal and dynamic characteristics is a socio-cultural, territorial and historically determined category." All of the above convinces us that the social and regional in the prosodic characteristics of the speech of individual groups of speakers is inseparably united, and it seems possible to consider the melody, dynamics, tempo, rhythm and timbre of speech as the means of social-territorial identification of speakers.

The purpose of communication in a native or foreign language is to achieve mutual understanding, due not only to semantic categories, but also to the situational nature of production.

and the perception of texts at the phonetic level. When communication takes place in the native language, the perception and transmission of information is carried out using a single linguistic code within a single language system. Phonetic variability of speech is regulated by this system, without violating the generally accepted norms of its implementation. A native speaker quickly deciphers the information he perceives, coping well enough with the variability of pronunciation units. Optimal processing of a sound signal is provided by several cognitive conditions, namely: linguistic and speech abilities brought up in an individual from childhood by this language system and a set of linguistic knowledge on the use of the rules of phonetic design of speech.

Since the teaching of foreign languages ​​is traditionally implemented in conditions of artificial (classroom) bilingualism, the mastery of the norms of a foreign language occurs outside the natural linguistic environment... The result of this process invariably becomes a foreign accent, which is an integral part of the phonetic portrait of an artificial bilingual. Inconsistency with system requirements and regulations foreign language most often caused by phonetic interference native language when two or more languages ​​come into contact.

Linguists and psychologists have been dealing with the problem of interference for more than a decade. However, despite the active development of research paths in the field of interference of language systems in various directions, many of its aspects remain insufficiently studied. In particular, the works of linguists indicate the absence of factors that determine the prerequisites for the phenomena of interference at all language levels, the lack of a complete and comprehensive description of the speech phenomena of this phenomenon, the scatter in the interpretation of the basic concepts in the theory of language contacts, the lack of uniformity in the methodology and methodology of studying the phenomena of interference.

One cannot but agree with the opinion of G.M. Vishnevskaya that, along with the colossal experience of teaching English, in domestic science the phenomenon of interference remains a key issue in teaching a language in school, student and any other classrooms. Modern international contacts urgently require the training of specialists who are proficient in English.

in the Lie language, and especially the language that is as close as possible to the pronunciation norm of native speakers. This will allow you to be proud of domestic scientific achievements in teaching of English language... Hence, the desire to understand the complex mechanisms of the appearance of phonetic interference arises not only from the standpoint of neuro- and psycholinguistics, taking into account the acoustic-physiological factor of speech perception and speech production, but also from the standpoint of the cognitive sphere of a person, which is a set of mental processes of perception of the world.

In his speech behavior, each speaker, guided by the goal of being understood, focuses on communicative cooperation with the addressee of his speech, on the search for such forms of communication that would be most effective for mutual understanding. Hence the need for communicators to find mutual language not only in the terminological sense of this phrase, but also figuratively: to succeed in making such a linguistic selection for an utterance that would indicate the speaker's ability to actualize skills that meet the expectations of the listener.

Meanwhile, in the specific conditions of communication, the absolute identity of the code used by all participants in communication is an extremely rare phenomenon. On the contrary, the heterogeneity of the language code is common, and the degrees of such heterogeneity are different. Having considered the theory of language codes by L.P. Rat, we will give their brief classification:

1. Speakers own different languages: each side speaks only its own language and understands only it; verbal communication is impossible.

2. The speakers each speak their own language, and in addition, they understand the language of the interlocutor; verbal communication is limited.

3. Speakers speak common languages ​​for them, which are not native to them; communication can take place in one or another language.

4. Speakers each speak their own language and, moreover, the same intermediate language in which communication takes place.

5. One of the communicants speaks the language of the interlocutor, and the other does not; verbal communication is carried out only in the language of the interlocutor.

6. All participants in speech communication use a common National language, while communicative failures are possible due to the dissimilarity of language signs in content,

expressive and stylistic coloring, functional and stylistic affiliation, as well as the presence of differences in communicative stereotypes and communicative tactics.

From this brief characteristics different sides verbal communication, it is clear that an adult has a certain set of socialized norms of communication, including both language norms and the rules of social interaction. These norms and rules are mandatory for people living in a given speech community; they manifest themselves with particular force during verbal communication in a heterogeneous social environment. Thus, we can talk about three types of factors that affect the nature of speech communication in a heterogeneous human environment: linguistic, social and situational.

Since each person is a social person, whose activity is inextricably linked with the surrounding speech community, the speaker's territorial, social and ethnic identity, his gender and age can be attributed to the main factors affecting the phonetic characteristics of an individual's speech, and thus helping to create the correct speech portrait of a person in the course of intercultural communication.

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Babushkina Elena Alekseevna - Cand. philol. Sci., Associate Professor of the Department of English Language, BSU, 670000, Ulan-Ude, st. Smolina, 24 a. Email: [email protected]

Babushkina Yelena Alekseyevna - cand. of philology, assistant professor of English language department of BSU, 670000, Ulan-Ude, Smolin str. 24a. E-mail: babe [email protected]

UDC 81.34 © E.A. Babushkina

ANNOUNCER'S SPEECH PROPHY

The article examines modern pronunciation tendencies in the speech of television announcers, taking into account the factors of social variability of intonation, and also summarizes the results of an experimental study of the melody and speech rate of announcers of news programs from the American channels CNN and NBC.

Key words: television, communication, announcer, prosody, pronunciation rate, social variability, speech melody, speech rate.

PROSODIC FEATURES OF NEWS READING

The paper focuses on the current pronunciation trends of TV news reading with regard to some factors of social variation of intonation. It also presents the results of some experimental studies into melodic and temporal features of the CNN and NBC newscasters.