In the introductory course, we will look at the sounds of French, leading, where possible, their exemplary sounds in Russian and showing for each sound, which French letters or letters it is transmitted.

Introductory phonetic The course consists of 12 lessons and not Includes grammar

Sounds [a], [p], [b], [t], [d], [f], [v], [m], [n]

Update / change the browser when problems with the audio player occur below.

Exercise number 1. Clearly and vigorously say:

[RA - BA - TA - DA - FA - VA - MA - Na].

Exercise number 2. Opposite the letter or letterproof write transcription. Check yourself on the table above.

Exercise number 3. Read the sounds on transcription, not forgetting about their clear and comprehensive pronunciation. Check yourself on the table above.

[n], [b], [m], [d], [a], [f], [p], [v], [t].

Consonant sounds at the end of words

Rule concerns all those consonants that you read further: at the end of the words, they do not undergo any changes and sound just as distinctly, as in front of the vowel sound.

Watch yourself: Read out loud Russian words R. b., R. d., Ro. in. What do you hear at the end of the words? You hear: [R. p], [ra t.], [ro f.]. Never admit such replacements in your French speech!

Exercise number 4. Say, clearly opposing the end sounds:

, [RAR - PAB] ,,,.

If the word ends on the sound [v], then any shock vowel
in front of him, as a rule, extends, for example.
The colon in transcription indicates the longitude of the vowel.

Exercise number 5. Say, distinguishing the final [f] and [v]:

, , .

Letter e. At the end of words. French stress. The clarity of French vowels

Letter e. At the end of words, in most cases, it is not read, for example:
dAM. e. - lady, arab e. - Arabic ,y ,y.

The emphasis in French words falls on the last syllable, for example: PAPA - dad. Next it will not be indicated in transcription.

All French vowels sound the same distinctly and brightly as under the emphasis,
so in an unstressed position, for example: Panama - Panama.
All three [a] are pronounced equally energetically, not "swallow" and do not change.

Exercise number 6. Read, not forgetting that the emphasis in French words always falls on the last syllable:

Sound [R]

It is believed that the sound [R] in the Paris pronunciation is one of the most difficult French sounds for Russians. However, Paris, according to Academician Scherba, is not all France, and since in the province there is a pronunciation of this sound, close to Russian, in addition, the Russians may remain at their [R]. It is only necessary to observe the general rule of the pronunciation of French consonants: at the end of the words [R], it sounds as distinctly and tense, as in other positions. Listen to yourself: Slide out loud words raB - Ba. r, rhell - yes r, ran - B. r. You will hear that [p] at the end of words in each pair sounds much weaker than at the beginning of the words. So, achieve the final [p] did not differ from the initial, - and do so in your French speech!

Those who still want to get closer to the Paris pronunciation, we advise you to do the following. Loudly, with pressure, as if you were an angry with someone answered, - say Russian words but g.a, D. g.oh and watch how you pronounce the sound [g]. Then calmly, as if thoughtfully, say the words A g.a!, O. g.about! - And you will notice that in place the letter g. A completely different sound is pronounced - this, as if on his paths in the oral cavity, no obstacles are formed. Pretty remember this sound - it is still like that [g], which we hear in the Russian speech of people talking to the Ukrainian accent. Pronounce Ukrainian sound [g] on the spot of French [R] - This is an option, quite acceptable for beginners.

Finally, those who dissellivate the Russian sound [P] of the Karto - from the nature of whether, in a joke, - can transfer this skill and in their French speech. Martial Russian [P] Instead of French [R], it is also suitable.

So, we offer you three variants of the pronunciation of French [R] - the choice is yours!

Exercise number 8. Read:

If the word ends on the sound [R], then any shock vowel
in front of him, as a rule, extends, for example:
bar - bar, amarre - anchor chain.

Exercise number 9. Read:

Exercise number 10. Practice in the letter, rubbing the pencil (not on the monitor!) The contours of French letters. The French are more often writing printed letters - Learn this and you.

Is there an exception word in French, in which the emphasis is not on the last syllable? And got the best answer

Answer from ReloNika [Guru]
French can be attributed to the examples of single strict stress with a large reservation: if we consider a separate word. The reason is the syntagmatic essence of French strokes: with it, the intonation object is not a syllable, but a chain of words. In fact, in french wonderful stress There is no speech in the speech.
In the "IMIMI" with the intelligent Dictionnaire de Notre Temps near the word "emphasis" there is an example of the sentence:

What does it indicate en général? - "Usually." And what would it mean? So, exceptions are possible?
All the French speak goodbye from Italian Tchao! (or Ciao!). Something even in the TV shows never heard, so that at least someone said with an emphasis on the last syllable: Chao! (All pronounce CHAO!)
Here you can listen: link
There are even written transcriptions that they need to pronounce with an emphasis on the first syllable!
I think that in some borrowings, too, there are such examples, it is certainly modern Anglicizms, in Perpignan, I met the words Spanish and Catalan with an emphasis of Nephrantssky, and as in the original language (all the French know our "Kalinka", although perhaps, and right To pronounce Kalinka, but constantly hear this word with "our" stress.
- - ---
Or here is another example: when, for example, the child will get with his "Pourquoi?", The parent will burn with the stress not on the last syllable: "Parce Que!" (I wanted to bring the answer from one word, something to mind does not come 🙂 (that is, when on the last, "en Français, Quand On Parle Sans Émotion, Sans Affectation, Sans Insistance Expressive Ou Didactique, L'Accent Touche Toujours La Dernière Syllabe du Mot. "
- -----
In the area of \u200b\u200bToulouse colloquial peculiar, including pronunciation, for example, ultimate vowel "e", which literary language not read, they have a duck please -
Parisians have no difference between "Poil" and "Poëlle": both words are pronounced equally, and in Toulouse - "Poil" will be so, but "Poëlle" - with the ultimate voice - the vowel becomes "pronounced" and emphasis comes out, in There are no such words on the last, but in the penultimate syllable.
But it cannot be considered in relation to the language as a whole - the dialect!
- ----
i-MA-GE - in this word, 3 syllables, the shock in such words is not the last, but the penulty.
- ----
Spanish chroizo sausage for sale (maybe to hit the last syllable correctly, but often hear with an emphasis on and)

Answer from Eleni.[guru]
No, but theoretically can say foreign surname.

Answer from 3 response[guru]

Hey! Here is a selection of themes with the answers to your question: is there in the French sense words in which the emphasis is not on the last syllable?

in French

French is famous for its complex spelling. There is such a number of dumb letters, that is, letters that are not pronounced, as well as combinations of several letters, which are read by one sound, there is not in any other European language. This is due to the history of the development of the language and the national features of his people - the French do not want to forget their ancestors and in the tribute to them retain their complex writing, but constantly simplify their oral speech.

If you come to accept the fact that part of the letters do not need to read, then read in French is quite simple, but it is much more difficult to write. Yes, and on the rumor very little chance to write down the word on french That's right, if you have never seen it is written, so it is so important to read books in French. Only books can help learn French spell.

For Russian-speaking, there is a certain difficulty when mastering french pronunciationSince it has a number of sounds, which are no analogues in Russian. But these sounds a little and master them are quite simple.

In French, the Latin alphabet is used, there is no own letters, but there are letters with so-called diacritics (invasses, chopsticks, checklocks and dots above the letters), which we consider below

Let us turn to the reading rules.

Vowels and their combinations

In general, vowels read quite standard: a [a], E [e], i [and], o [o], u [o], y [and]

But they have some Features

1. Letter e.:

• in open unstressed syllable Reading as [œ] - something average between Oh, E and E (we put lips as to pronounce oh, but trying to pronounce e)
• at the end of the word from several syllables, it is not read at all

2. Letter u. read as something average between y and yu (as in the word tulle)

3. Letter y:

• between vowels is read as [th] ( royal).
• between consonants is read as [and] ( stylo).

4. Before consonant sounds [P], [s], [F], [in], [BP], shock vowels are becoming long: b.aSE [BAAZ].

Vowels with diacritics (dashes and chopsticks)

Over French vowels, we often see different drops, sticks, ticks, dots, etc. This is again the tribute of the French with their ancestors, since these characters mean that there was some consonant next to this letter earlier, which is no longer written. For example, the word holiday Fête happened from the Latin word and lost the letter S in the middle, but in the Russian word of the same origin of the Festival and Spanish "Fiesta" this letter remained.

In most cases, these characters do not affect pronunciation, and help distinguish with similar words, but you will not hear this difference for the rumor!

Remember only the following options are needed:

• è and ê Read as [ɛ] (as Russian E): tête.
• é Reading as [E] (like e in a smile): télé.
• if there are two points over the vowels, it is necessary to simply pronounce separately from the previous one: Noël, Egoïst

Special combinations of vowels

• oi. Reading as [UA]: trois [True].
• uI Reading as [UI]: N uIT [NUE]
• ou. Reads as [U]: cour [chickens].
• eAU I.aU. Read as [o]: Beaucoup [side], AUTO [OTO].
• eU, œu and letter e.(in an open unstressed syllable) are read as [œ] / [Ø] / [ǝ] (something mean between O and E): neuf [Neof], Regarder [Ryugarde].
• aI and eI Read as [E]: mAIS [ME], Beige [Baj].

Consonants and their combinations

Most of the consonants are read standard:

b - [b]; C - [K]; d - [d]; F - [F]; G - [g]; h - [x]; j - [j]; L - [l]; m - [m]; n - [n]; P - [P]; R - [p]; S - [s]; t - [t]; V - [in]; W - [UE]; X - [COP]; z - [s]

Features of french consonants:

• h. Never read
  
• l.always read soft
• n. At the end of the syllable is always read in the nose
• r. Always read by Karto

But, of course, there are other readings of these consonants:

1. The consonants are not read (silent consonants):

• At the end of the words are not read: t, d, s, x, z, p, g, eS, TS, DS, PS (rose, Nez, Climat, Trop, Heureux, Nid, Sang; Roses, Nids, Cadets)
• At the end of the word is not read c. after n.: unbanc..
• Not read by the end of verbs -Ent: iLS.parlent.
• At the end of the word, it is not read after E (- eR): parler.

Exceptions: in some nouns and adjectives, for example: HIVER [IVER] , Cher. [Sher] , mer. [mayor], hier [JER], FER [Fair.] , ver [WER] .

2. Special Consignment Conscious Cases

• double consonant letters are read as one sound: pOMME [POM],cLASSE [class].
• c. read as [s] before I, E, Y And, if written with the tail below ç : cirquegarçon , in Other cases read as [K]
• g. read as [F] before i, E, Y: courage, B. Other cases read as [g]: garçon [Garson]
• s. between vowels read as [z]: Vase [WAAZ]
• x.reading:

1. at the beginning of the word between vowels as [GZ]: eXOTIQUE [Egzotic ]
   
2. in quantitative numerals as [s]: siX [SIS], dIX. [dis].
3. in ordinal numerals as [z]: Sixième [Size], Dixième[Diem]
4. in other cases, as [COP]

• t. Reading as [C] before I + vowel: national [Nacional]

3. Special combinations of consonants

• ch Reading as [Sh]: chercher [Sherche].
• pH Reading as [F]:photo [photo].
• gN. Reading as [n]: ligne [Lin].

Special combinations of vowels and consonants

• qU. Reading as [K]: qui [ki].
• gU Before the vowel is read as [g]: guerre [GER].
• iland il Reading as [th]: travail [Take], Famille [Families].

Exceptions: Ville [Wille], Mille [miles], Tranquille [Trankl], Lille [Lill].

Nasal sounds (N at the end of the syllable always read in the nose):

• aN, AM, EN, EM [An]: enfance, Ensemble.
• oN, OM. [is he]: bon, NOM.
• iN, IM, EIN, AIM, AIN, YN, YM [En]: jardin.
  
• un, Um. [en]: brun., Parfum
• oIN. [Wen]: coin.
• iEn. [en]: bien.

Emphasis

Here you are waiting for just wonderful news! In French, the emphasis always falls on the last syllable. There are no more rules. There is no such gift for learning a language in any other European language.

But remember, if words are connected or adhered, then the emphasis falls on the last syllable of the last word of this design.

Coupling and taking words in French

• Clutch: The ultimate pronounced consonant one word forms with the initial vowel next word one syllable: el. l.e AIME [ELEM]
  
• Binding: The ultimate unprofitable consonant begins to sound, contacting the initial vowel next word: c'es. t. ELLE [SE TEL], À neu f. Heures [and Newer].

Apostrophe

Apostrof is a comma on top.

Pronouns and articles ending with vowels lose it and replace on the apostrophe if after them is the word novice

Instead c. e. EST - C'EST [SE], L e. Arbre - L'Arbre [Lranbr], j e. ai - j'ai [ze], je t e. AIM - Je T'aim [TEM]

If you doubt how to read some word, enter it into any free online translator And click "Listen". Such a translator has Google. The French-Russian version of the translator is so-so, but he voiced by him well :)

Typical Russian-speaking mistakes in the pronunciation of French words:

Usually the Russian person speaking in French is the easiest way to determine the wrong pronunciation of those French sounds, which are not in Russian:

• russians utter sound [œ] As [e], and it is necessary as something among the average between Oh, E and E (we put lips as to pronounce o, but trying to pronounce E). This sound appears when reading EU and E at the end of the word consisting of one syllable (QU e., F. eUP. eUx, M. e.T. e., C. e., V. oEU., nerv eUx, S. eUl, L. eUr, C. oEU.r, S. oEU.r)
• we pronounce sound [u] As an ordinary [y] or [Yu], and it is necessary for something mean between y and yu (as in the word "tulle")
• karaty french R.pronounce neartavo
• and the nasal sounds say as simple [H].
• also among Russians in French often the lack of difference between long and short vowels
• and too solid pronunciation letter l.
  

But even if we say this way, you will still understand you. It is better to talk with the Russian accent in French than not to speak at all.

Friends, let's talk with you about such a phonetic phenomenon, like emphasis in French. As you know, the emphasis is the allocation of one of the components of speech by any acoustic agent: sound, intonation. Newbies, just started to study French, may experience difficulties, wondering how the stress in French words fall on the syllable?

Those who have already managed to make friends with French, managed to notice that the emphasis in French words always falls on the last syllable. In general, emphasis in French is a thing, quite curious, and, it means that interesting for those who study this language. Because in this language there is not only sound, but also graphic, that is, a written emphasis, which has its own, very important function in words. It is about this that we will talk today.

So, dear readers, as we said, in French, the emphasis in words falls on the last syllable. And words with an emphasis on the last syllable and are called oxitones - les.oxytons.Pay attention to examples of French words. We specifically highlighted the letter with the word so that you notice how the stress falls on the syllable:

• parler - talk, talk
• demander - ask
• rAISONNABLE - rational
• chanson - Song
• rougir - Blurry

In French, oxytons can be whole phrases and suggestions. This means that the emphasis falls on the last word in the proposal (and, of course, on the last syllable of the last word). For example:

• Je Vais à l'école. - I I go in school.
• Tu.parles.avec.tA.m.È re. - You are talking to your mom.
• Charles Cherche Son Ami. - Charles Looking for His friend.

Such a phenomenon is very convenient for those who study French. Because you can never be mistaken in what emphasis say words. Just hit all the words on the last syllable, and there are no problems!

We figured out with sound stress, we now turn to the graphic stress. There are four of these stresses in French. Do not be surprised, now you will learn everything!

Les Accents En Français

Graphic signs french words And called les. or stress. They are only four, and they are called l 'accent.gravel 'accent.aigu,l 'accent Circonflexe. and le.tRÉmA.

Now let's see how they are indicated by the letter:

• l'Accent Grave. (à, è etc.) - FR è re, M. è re, P. è re.
• l'Accent Aigu. (é )) - Piti é , Charit. é , Enchant. é
• l'Accent Circonflexe. (î, ô, â, ê etc.) - Thé â tre, S'il Vous Pla î t.
• le Tréma. (ï etc.) - MA ï s, Citro. ë n.

Friends, pay attention to the table in which we give general rules and functions of graphic strokes of French:

And now pay attention to the use of graphic strokes with letters and basic letters of french:

Newbies in French mistakenly think that these sticks, points and hats over vowels are absolutely not needed. But, missing such an emphasis in that word in which it should be, you allow a coarse error. Yes, friends, the omission of graphic strokes is a grammatical error. Because all these we are needed and important in French.

The fact is that l 'accent.grave.indicates a closed syllable in the word. It needs to be pronounced with a more open mouth. L. ’ accent.aigu.indicates an open syllable. When uttered the mouth should be slightly covered. Le.tRÉmA.indicates that non-promotable vowel should pronounce . Well and l 'accent.circonflexe.- This is a whole separate conversation.

All you want to know about L'Accent Circonflexe

L 'accent.circonflexe.may stand over any vowel letter of French: â, ê, î, ô, û or letterpart: aî, Eî, Oî, Eû, Oû, Oê \u003d, In addition to y, Au, Eau.

Here are a few rules relating to this hats over vowels:

• L 'accent.circonflexe.never over the vowel, which precedes two consonants (except indivisible groups: tr,cl. etc.) and letter x. Exceptions: a) before double sS. in words châ.sSIS chassis,châ.sSIS-oblavaand in the forms of verb croître.; b) in Passé Simple verbs venir,tenir. and their derivatives: nous.vînanmesvous.vînantes. etc.
• L 'accent.circonflexe. Never over a vowel letter, followed by another vowel, regardless of whether this last or not, for example, is pronounced: cRû (m. r.), BUT: crue. (g. r.). An exception: bâiller..
• In combination of two vowels l 'accent.circonflexe.it is always over the second: traître, Théâtre..
• He is not put on the last letter of the word. Exception: Communion Dû, CRû, Mû, Interdomietia ô, allla and foreign words, and names ( Salammbô etc.), sound resistance ( mê-ê.!).
• L 'accent.circonflexe. Do not stand above e.If this is the first letter in the word. An exception: être.
• L 'accent.circonflexe. Never put over nasal vowels. Even when l in this root is used ’ accent.circonflexe., he disappears if the vowel receives the bowrel: traînerentraîner.But: trainentrain;jeû.ner.But: à jeun.. Exceptions: nous Vînmes, Vous Vîntes etc.
• L 'accent.circonflexe. never breaks off lettering unlike l'Accent Aigu. and le Tréma.

Presence in the Word l 'accent.circonflexe. Explained by several factors.

• Etymological factor - it replaces the disappeared letter.
• The phonetic factor - it denotes the duration of the vowel in combination with the change in its timbre.
• Morphological factor - it participates in some types of word formation.
• Differentiating factor - it serves to distinguish between homonyms.

Most often l 'accent.circonflexe.in words, the letter disappeared from one or another word. It all depends on the origin this word. This suggests that once these letters were in these words, but with the development of the language, they abolished or disappeared as unnecessary, and in their place arose l 'accent.circonFlexe,to remind you of the disappeared letter.

For example: fê.tE -festival - Festival; âme -anima - Soul;sû.r -sEUR -securum is reliable, confident.

How to cope with these graphic symbols above french words? There is no other way out - you just need to memorize, remember the words in which they are present. And for this you need to work with French texts as much as possible and then the emphasis in French will not cause difficulties. Good luck!

Description of the presentation on individual slides:

1 Slide

Slide description:

2 Slide

Slide description:

Highlighting the emphasis in the Word in Russian, the emphasis in the Word may fall on any syllable and move depending on the change in the form of the word: the essence (1st syllable), the nationality (4th syllable), the hand, head, head. French is characterized by constant stress: In an isolated word, emphasis always falls on the last pronouncing syllable: Administratif.

3 Slide

Slide description:

Accent in the speech stream Rhythmic group and rhythmic accepted accent distribution in speech flow In French, it is radically different from the distribution of accents in Russian. In Russian when combining words into semantic groups, each word retains his stress: "I chi" Tay "I Chi" Tay | Ho "Rosha" book. In the French language in the speech stream, the emphasis is not every word inside the semantic group, but a sense group as a whole. Thus, the semantic group is simultaneously a group of one stress, a rhythmic group, and the number of accents in the phrase is determined not by the number of words (both in Russian), but by the number of rhythmic groups: Je Lis. [Ĵĵ - "Li] JE LIS | UN BON LIVRE. [Ĵĵ-" Li | ǽ-Bõ- "LI: VR]

4 Slide

Slide description:

The binding of sounds in a speech stream in French in a speech stream is difficult to catch the border between the words: the words are not separated from each other, as it takes place in Russian. This is due to the French clutch (Liaison Vocalique) and binding (Liaison) sounds characteristic of the French language (Liaison) and binding (Liaison) in a speech stream, thanks to which there is a continuous back of the syllables from the pause to a pause.

5 Slide

Slide description:

Clutch. Enchaînement If the word ends on the pronounced consonant or group of indivisible consonants, and the word that follows him begins with a vowel, the final pronouncement of the previous word forms a syllable with the initial vowels of the next word. Thus, in the speech stream, the syllables may consist of elements belonging to two different words: ELLE ^ EST Malade. [ε-Lε-Ma- "LAD] The clutch is mandatory both within the rhythmic group and between the rhythmic groups, inside the syntagma: ELLE ^ AIME. Claire ^ ET Michel ^ Habitent Orleans..

6 Slide

Slide description:

Binding. Liaison If, inside the rhythmic group, one word ends on an unprofitable consonant, and the second begins with a vowel or with a silent H, this unprofitable final consonant first word becomes uttering, merging with the initial vowels of the next word and forming one syllable with him. When binding, the consonants S and x are spinning and transmitted to [z], the consonants D is stunned and goes into [T]: Les__enfants Deux__eves un Grand__arbre [ǽ-GRÃ- "TarBr].

7 Slide

Slide description:

Binding is required: 1. Between artikle, assisting or indicative adjective and next word for them: Les__eleves Mes__amis Cet__eleve. 2. Between the definition, pronounced or numeric, and nouns: UN Grand__ami [ǽ-GRÃ-TA- "MI] Mes Deux__amis Mes Vieux__amis Ses Elegantes__amies. 3. Between pronoun-subject and verb or between the verb and pronouns-adverbs EN and Vous__êtes Parlez-en ILS__AIMENT JE LES__AIME [ĵĵ-1E- "zε: M] ils__habitent allez-y.

8 Slide

Slide description:

4. Between the verb and pronoun-subject to inversion: Parlent-ILS? Fait-Elle? . 5. Between auxiliary verb 3rd face of the only and multiple number and commander of the past time: Il Est__alle ILS Sont__ALles. 6. Between the verb ligament in the 3rd face of the only one and the set number and registered part of the facid: IL EST__ETUDIANT ILS Sont__Heureux. 7. Between DANS, EN, CHEZ, SOUS, SANS, DES pretexts, and the following word: en__te [Ã-ne- "te]