Academician Petrovsky Boris Vasilievich: biography, contribution to medicine. History of medicine Boris Petrovsky his scientific school
(born in 1908) - Soviet scientist-surgeon and public figure, academician of the Academy of Sciences (1966) and the Academy of Medical Sciences (1957), Honored Scientist of the RSFSR (1959) and Azerbaijan SSR (1962), laureate of Lenin (1960) and State ( 1971) prizes, Hero of Socialist Labor (1968), deputy of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR, (6, 7, 8, 9 and 10 convocations). Member of the CPSU since 1942
In 1930 he graduated from honey. Faculty of Moscow University, worked as a surgeon in the city of Podolsk, and since 1932 - a researcher at the Moscow Oncological Institute, which was headed by PA Herzen. Member of the Great Patriotic War, during which he worked as a leading surgeon in army and front-line hospitals. Since 1945 he was the deputy director for scientific work of the Institute of Surgery of the USSR Academy of Medical Sciences. In 1947 he defended his doctoral dissertation "Gunshot wounds of large blood vessels in the front-line area." In 1949-1951 - Director of the Surgical Clinic of Budapest University. Since 1951 he headed the Department of Faculty Surgery of the 2nd MMI, since 1956 he has headed the Department of Hospital Surgery at the 1st MMI and since 1963 - the Research Institute of Clinical and Experimental Surgery M3 of the USSR (in 1973 it was transformed into the All-Union Scientific Center of Surgery of the Academy of Medical Sciences THE USSR).
As the Minister of Health of the USSR (1965-1980), BV Petrovsky participated in the development and implementation of the most important measures of the Party and the Soviet government in the field of protecting the health of the people. Elected as a candidate member of the Central Committee of the CPSU at the XXIII, XXIV and XXV Congresses of the CPSU. B.V. Petrovsky has repeatedly headed Soviet delegations at various international forums on health issues, was president international conference WHO on problems of primary health care (Alma-Ata, 1978).
BV Petrovsky published St. 250 scientific works, including 29 monographs. In the 40s. BV Petrovsky carried out fundamental research on surgery of the esophagus, proposed original methods of surgery for cancer of the esophagus, cardiospasm, diverticula of the esophagus, for hernia of the esophageal opening of the diaphragm, etc.
BV Petrovsky develops the problems of surgical treatment of congenital and acquired heart defects, aneurysms of the heart and aorta, diseases of large vessels.
In particular, he proposed an original method of resection and plasty of a postinfarction heart aneurysm with a diaphragm flap, for the first time in the USSR, operations were performed for aneurysms of the heart and aorta, and access to the vessels was developed. Under his leadership, Soviet designs of ball valves were created and successful operations were performed for prosthetics of heart valves, shunting and prosthetics of vessels with their occlusive lesion, as well as with Chiari malformation (see Chiari malformation). For the development of new operations on the heart and large vessels, B.V. Petrovsky, together with P.A.Kupriyanov, A.A.Vishnevsky and E.N. Meshalkin, was awarded the Lenin Prize in 1960.
In 1965, BV Petrovsky for the first time in the USSR successfully performed a kidney transplant to a person. For the development of the problem of kidney transplantation to humans, he, together with N.A.Lopatkin, Yu.M. Lopukhin, G.M.Soloviev, and V.I. Under the leadership and with the direct participation of B.V. Petrovsky, the problem of hyperbaric oxygenation is being developed at the All-Union Center for Hyperbaric Oxygenation.
Under the leadership of B.V.Petrovsky in 1973, the first wedge in the USSR was created, the department of microsurgery (see), methods of restoring blood flow in vessels with a diameter of less than 2 mm were developed, which made it possible to successfully carry out replantation of fingers and hands during their traumatic amputation, apply lymphovenous anastomosis for surgical treatment of elephantiasis. In the field of thoracic surgery, he developed a combined access to the intrathoracic goiter, methods for removing the retrosternal goiter from the cervical access, and a number of plastic surgeries on the bronchi and trachea.
BV Petrovsky created a large surgical school; among his many students are heads of departments and a number of major surgical scientific institutions. The scientific and editorial activity of BV Petrovsky is widely known. Since 1967 BV Petrovsky is the editor-in-chief of Soviet medical encyclopedias, including the 3rd edition of the Great Medical Encyclopedia (see). He is the editor of the 12-volume Manual of Clinical Surgery and the Atlas of Thoracic Surgery. Since 1965 B.V. Petrovsky - Chairman of the All-Union Society of Surgeons.
BV Petrovsky was elected a member of 6 foreign academies of sciences, the presidium of the International Society of Surgeons, vice-president of the European Society of Cardiovascular Surgeons, an honorary doctor of 8 foreign high fur boots, an honorary member of 14 foreign surgical societies. In 1971 he was the president of the XXIV Congress of the International Society of Surgeons, which was held in Moscow. In 1975, BV Petrovsky was awarded the WHO International Prize. Léon Bernard (see Bernard Léon Prize).
BV Petrovsky was a delegate to the XXII, XXIII XXIV and XXV Congresses of the CPSU. He was awarded four Orders of Lenin, orders October revolution, World War II degree, the Red Star and medals, as well as many foreign orders and medals.
Compositions: Surgical treatment of vascular gunshot wounds (At the stage of G.BF), dissertation, M., 1946; Surgical treatment of vascular injuries, M., 1949; Surgical treatment of cancer of the esophagus and cardia, M., 1950; Mediastinal surgery, M., 1960; Surgical treatment of patent ductus arteriosus, M., 1963 (collective, with Keishsheva A.A.); Blood transfusion in surgery, M., 1964; Aneurysms of the heart, M., 1965 (joint work, with Kozlov I. 3.); Prosthetics of heart valves, M., 1966 (collective, with others); Resection and plastic of the bronchi, M., 1966 (collective, with others); Diaphragm surgery, L., 1966 (collective, with others); Medical anesthesia, M. - Budapest, 1967 (with Efuni SN); Selected lectures on clinical surgery, M., 1968; Surgery of the branches of the aortic arch, M., 1970 (sovm, with others); Fundamentals of hyperbaric oxygenation, M., 1976 (joint work, with Efuni SN); Microsurgery, M., 1976 (joint work, with V. S. Krylov); Tracheo-bronchial surgery, M., 1978 (collective, with others); Surgery of chronic ischemic heart disease, M., 1978 (sovm, with others); Reconstructive surgery for lesions of the extrahepatic bile ducts, M., 1980 (sovm, with others); X-ray radio-isotopic studies of microcirculation in the clinic, M., 1980 (sovm, with others); Surgical diseases, M., 1980; A new stage in the development of public health in the USSR, M., 1981.
Bibliography: Academician B.V. Petrovsky is 70 years old, Vestn. Academy of Sciences of the USSR, no. 10, p. 140, 1978; B. V. Petrovsky, in the book: Anchelevich V. D. Outstanding. active owls. hir., p. 241, Irkutsk, 1975; Scienziati etecnologi contemporanei, red. per A. Mondadori, V. 2, p. 350, Milano, 1974.
H. H. Malinovsky.
Academician of the USSR Academy of Sciences
Academician of the USSR Academy of Medical Sciences
Military Medical Academy named after S. M. Kirov;
I.M.Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University
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Boris Vasilyevich Petrovsky (June 14 (27) ( 19080627 ) , Essentuki, Tersk region, Russian Empire - May 4, Moscow, Russian Federation) - a prominent Soviet and Russian surgeon, scientist and clinician; health care organizer and public figure. Doctor of Medical Sciences, Professor. Minister of Health of the USSR (- years), Director of the All-Union Scientific Center of Surgery of the USSR Academy of Medical Sciences. Academician of the USSR Academy of Sciences, USSR Academy of Medical Sciences. Honored Scientist of the RSFSR (). Hero of Socialist Labor (). Laureate of the Lenin Prize () and the USSR State Prize ().
Biography
In 1916-1924 he studied at the 2nd grade school in the city of Kislovodsk. After leaving school, he started working as a disinfector at the disinfection station in Kislovodsk. Here he graduated from accounting courses, stenography, health courses and began to work as a messenger in the department of the trade union "Medsantrud", at the same time he was intensively preparing for entering the university.
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Petrovsky's grave at the Novodevichy cemetery in Moscow.
A large cycle of research, intensively continued in the post-war years, Petrovsky formalized for a doctoral dissertation, which he defended in 1947 (the topic "Surgical treatment of vascular gunshot wounds in the front-line area"). In 1949 the dissertation was published in the form of a monograph ("Surgical treatment of vascular injuries").
Lived in Moscow. Died on May 4, 2004, at the age of 96. He was buried at the Novodevichy cemetery in Moscow, where he rises above the grave.
Memory
- BV Petrovsky published over 500 scientific works, including about 40 monographs. He created one of the largest scientific surgical schools (more than 150 doctors of sciences, of which more than 70 are heads of clinics and large hospitals).
- In 2011, a Russian postage stamp dedicated to Petrovsky was issued.
Merit
Awards
- Hero of Socialist Labor (Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR of June 26, 1968, the Order of Lenin and the Hammer and Sickle Medal) - for great services in the development of Soviet medical science and health care, training of scientific personnel and in connection with the sixtieth birthday
- Order of the Holy Apostle Andrew the First-Called (June 4, 2003) - for outstanding achievements in health care and medical science
- Order of Merit to the Fatherland, II degree (May 28, 1998) - for an outstanding contribution to the development of medical science and the training of highly qualified personnel
- Order of Lenin (1961) - for great services in the field of health care Soviet people and the development of medical science
- Order of Lenin (1965) - for great services in the training of personnel, the development of medical science and in connection with the 200th anniversary of the founding of the 1st Moscow Medical Institute. I.M.Sechenov.
- Order of Lenin (1978) - for merits in the development of health care and medical science and in connection with the seventieth birthday
- Order of the October Revolution (1971)
- two Orders of the Patriotic War, 2nd degree
- first - April 29, 1943 - for the exemplary performance of combat missions of the command on the front of the fight against the German invaders and the valor and courage shown in this
- the second - April 6, 1985 - for the courage, perseverance and courage shown in the struggle against the German fascist invaders, and in commemoration of the 40th anniversary of the victory of the Soviet people in the Great Patriotic War of 1941-1945
- Order of the Red Banner of Labor (June 24, 1988)
- Order of Friendship of Peoples (May 27, 1993) - for a great contribution to the development of domestic surgery and the training of highly qualified specialists for public health
- Order of the Red Star (May 26, 1942) - for the exemplary performance of combat missions of the command on the front of the struggle against the German fascist invaders and for the courage and heroism shown at the same time
- Medal "For Victory over Germany in the Great Patriotic War 1941-1945." (1945 year)
- Medal "In Commemoration of the 800th Anniversary of Moscow" (1948)
- Medal “For Valiant Labor. In commemoration of the 100th anniversary of the birth of Vladimir Ilyich Lenin "(1970)
- Honored Scientist of the RSFSR (1957)
- Honored Scientist of the Azerbaijan SSR (1957)
- medals
Foreign awards and titles:
- Order of the Banner (VNR) (1970)
- Medal "Friendship", MPR (1972)
- Medal "Excellent teacher of the Institute for Advanced Medical Studies", Hungary (1977)
- Order of Friendship (Czechoslovakia) (1979)
- Commander with a star ()
- Commander of the Order of Merit of the Republic of Poland (1985)
- Order of Merit, Hungary (1951)
- other orders and medals
Prizes
- Lenin Prize () - for work on surgery of the heart and blood vessels
- USSR State Prize () - for kidney transplant work
- N.N.Burdenko Prize of the USSR Academy of Medical Sciences () - for a monograph on the treatment of esophageal cancer
- World Health Organization Léon Bernard International Prize () - for the development of public health
Rank
- Member of 34 international societies, associations, academies and colleges, as well as an honorary member of 14 foreign surgical societies.
- Honorary Citizen of the city of Kislovodsk.
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An excerpt characterizing Petrovsky, Boris Vasilievich
- Wanderer ... You will still meet me. Goodbye Star ...Suddenly the wondrous crystal slammed shut ... The miracle ended as unexpectedly as it had begun. It immediately became chilly and empty all around ... As if it was winter outside.
- What was that, Radomir ?! This is much more than we were taught! ..- Magdalene asked in shock without taking her eyes off the green “stone”.
- I just opened it a little. So you can see. But this is just a grain of sand that he can. So you have to keep it, no matter what happens to me. At any cost ... including your life, and even the life of Vesta and Svetodar.
Glaring at her with his piercing blue eyes, Radomir persistently waited for an answer. Magdalene nodded slowly.
- He punished it ... the Wanderer ...
Radomir just nodded, clearly understanding who she was talking about.
- For thousands of years people have been trying to find the Key of the Gods. Only no one knows what he really looks like. And they don’t know its meaning, ”Radomir continued much softer. - The most incredible legends go about him, some are very beautiful, others are almost crazy.
(True, different legends are circulating about the Key of the Gods. In what languages have they not tried to paint the largest emeralds for centuries! .. In Arabic, Jewish, Hindu and even Latin ... But for some reason nobody wants to understand that from this the stones will not become magical, no matter how much someone wants it ... The proposed photographs show: the Iranian pseudo Mani, and the Great Mogul, and the Catholic "talisman" of God, and the Emerald "tablet" of Hermes (Emeral tablet) and even the famous Indian Cave of Apollo from Tiana, which, according to the Hindus themselves, was once visited by Jesus Christ.
- It just worked, apparently, someone once had a generic memory, and the person remembered - there was once something unspeakably great, given by the Gods. But I cannot understand WHAT ... So the “seekers” have been walking for centuries for some unknown reason and are circling in circles. As if someone had punished: “go there - I don’t know where, bring that - I don’t know what” ... They only know that a hefty strength is hidden in him, unprecedented knowledge. The smart ones chase after knowledge, but the "dark" ones, as always, try to find it in order to rule the rest ... I think this is the most mysterious and most (in their own way) desired relic that has ever existed on Earth. Now everything will depend only on you, my dear. If I’m gone, don’t lose him for anything! Promise me this, Maria ...
Magdalene nodded again. She understood that this was the sacrifice that Radomir asked her. And she promised him ... She promised to keep the amazing Key of the Gods at the cost of her own life ... and the lives of children, if need be.
Radomir carefully put the green miracle in her palm - the crystal was alive and warm ...
The night was running too fast. It was already daylight in the east ... Magdalene took a deep breath. She knew that soon they would come for him to hand Radomir into the hands of jealous and deceitful judges ... who hated this, as they called, "foreign messenger" with all their callous souls ...
Curled up in a ball between the strong hands of Radomir, Magdalena was silent. She just wanted to feel his warmth ... as far as possible ... It seemed that life was leaving her drop by drop, turning a broken heart into a cold stone. She could not breathe without him ... This, such a dear person! .. He was her half, a part of her being, without which life was impossible. She didn't know how she would exist without him? .. Didn't know how she could be so strong? .. But Radomir believed in her, trusted her. He left her a DEBT that did not allow her to give up. And she honestly tried to survive ...
Despite all the inhuman composure, Magdalene hardly remembered further ...
She was on her knees right under the cross and looked into Radomir's eyes until the very last moment ... Before his pure and strong soul left its already useless, dead body. A hot drop of blood fell on Magdalena's mournful face, and merged with a tear, rolled to the ground. Then the second fell ... So she stood, motionless, frozen in deepest grief ... mourning her pain with bloody tears ...
Suddenly, wild, more terrifying than an animal, a cry shook the surrounding space ... The cry was shrill and prolonged. The soul froze from him, squeezing the heart in an icy grip. It was Magdalene screaming ...
The earth answered her, shuddering with all its old mighty body.
Afterwards, darkness fell ...
People scattered in horror, not making out the road, not understanding where their disobedient legs were being carried. As if blind, they bumped into each other, darting in different directions, and again stumbled and fell, not paying attention to their surroundings ... Screams rang everywhere. Crying and confusion enveloped Bald Mountain and the people who watched the execution there, as if only now allowing them to see clearly - to truly see what they had done ...
Magdalene stood up. And again a wild, inhuman cry pierced the tired Earth. Drowning in the roar of thunder, the cry snaked around with evil lightning, frightening the cold souls ... Having freed the Ancient Magic, Magdalene called on the old Gods for help ... She called on the Great Ancestors.
The wind ruffled her wonderful golden hair in the darkness, surrounding her fragile body with a halo of Light. Terrible bloody tears, still scarlet on her pale cheeks, made her completely unrecognizable ... Something like a formidable Priestess ...
Magdalene called ... With her hands behind her head, she called her Gods again and again. She called the Fathers who had just lost their wonderful Son ... She couldn't just give up ... She wanted to return Radomir at any cost. Even if it is not destined to communicate with him. She wanted him to live ... no matter what.
But then the night passed, and nothing changed. His essence spoke to her, but she stood dead, hearing nothing, only endlessly calling on the Fathers ... She still did not give up.
Finally, when it was light in the yard, a bright golden glow suddenly appeared in the room - as if a thousand suns shone in it at the same time! And in this glow, a tall, higher than usual, human figure appeared at the very entrance ... Magdalena immediately understood that it was the one whom she had so vehemently and persistently called all night ...
- Get up Joyful! .. - the newcomer said in a deep voice. - This is not your world. You have outlived your life in it. I will show you your new path. Get up, Radomir! ..
- Thank you, Father ... - Magdalene, who was standing next to him, whispered softly. - Thank you for hearing me!
The old man gazed at the fragile woman standing in front of him for a long time and attentively. Then he suddenly smiled brightly and said very kindly:
- It's hard for you, woe! .. Afraid ... Forgive me, daughter, I'll take your Radomir. It is not destiny for him to be here any longer. His fate will be different now. You yourself wished it ...
Magdalene just nodded to him, showing that she understood. She could not speak, her strength was almost leaving her. It was necessary to somehow endure these last, most difficult moments for her ... And then she will still have enough time to grieve over the lost. The main thing was that HE lived. The rest was not so important.
A surprised exclamation was heard - Radomir stood looking around, not understanding what was happening. He did not yet know that he already had a different fate, NOT EARTH ... And he did not understand why he was still living, although he remembered for sure that the executioners had done their job superbly ...
- Farewell, my Joy ... - Magdalene whispered softly. - Goodbye, my dear. I will fulfill your will. You just live ... And I will always be with you.
The golden light flashed brightly again, but now for some reason he was already outside. Following him, Radomir slowly walked out the door ...
Everything around was so familiar! .. But even feeling completely alive again, Radomir for some reason knew that it was no longer his world ... And only one thing in this old world was still real for him - it was his wife. .. His beloved Magdalene ....
- I will return to you ... I will definitely return to you ... - Radomir whispered to himself very quietly. A whiteman hung over her head, a huge "umbrella" ...
Bathing in the rays of golden radiance, Radomir slowly but surely followed the sparkling Elder. Just before leaving, he suddenly turned around to see her for the last time ... To take her amazing image with him. Magdalene felt a dizzying warmth. It seemed that in this last look, Radomir was sending her all the love accumulated over their long years! .. He sent her so that she would also remember him.
She closed her eyes, wanting to stand ... Wanting to seem calm to him. And when I opened it, it was all over ...
Radomir left ...
The earth lost him, being unworthy of him.
He stepped into his new, still unfamiliar life, leaving Maria with Duty and children ... Leaving her soul wounded and lonely, but still the same loving and the same steadfast.
Sighing convulsively, Magdalene stood up. She just didn't have time to grieve yet. She knew that the Knights of the Temple would soon come for Radomir to betray his dead body to the Holy Fire, thus escorting his pure Soul into Eternity.
The first, of course, as always, was John ... His face was calm and joyful. But in deep gray eyes, Magdalene read sincere sympathy.
- Great thanks to you, Maria ... I know how hard it was for you to let him go. Forgive us all honey ...
- No ... you do not know, Father ... And no one knows this ... - choking on her tears, Magdalene whispered softly. - But thank you for your participation ... Please tell Mother Mary that HE is gone ... That he is alive ... I will come to her as soon as the pain subsides a little. Tell everyone that HE LIVES ...
Magdalene could not stand it any longer. She had no more human strength. Having collapsed right to the ground, she burst into tears loudly, childishly ...
I looked at Anna - she stood petrified. And tears ran down the stern young face in streams.
- How could they allow this ?! Why didn't they all together convince him? It's so wrong, mom! .. - Anna exclaimed indignantly looking at us and the North.
She still demanded answers to everything in a childishly uncompromising way. Although, to be honest, I thought in the same way that they should have prevented Radomir's death ... His friends ... Temple Knights ... Magdalene. But how could we judge from afar what was right for everyone then? .. I just humanly really wanted to see HIM! Just as I wanted to see Magdalene alive ...
This is probably why I never liked to dive into the past. Since the past could not be changed (in any case, I could not do it), and no one could be warned about the impending disaster or danger. The past - it was just the PAST, when everything good or bad happened to someone long ago, and I could only observe someone's life, good or bad.
And then I again saw Magdalene, now sitting alone on the night shore of the calm southern sea. Small light waves gently washed her bare feet, quietly whispering something about the past ... Magdalena looked intently at the huge green stone that lay calmly in her palm, and thought about something very seriously. A man came up silently from behind. Turning abruptly, Magdalene immediately smiled:
- When will you stop scaring me, Radanushka? And you are still the same sad! You promised me! .. Why be sad if HE is alive? ..
- I do not believe you, sister! - Smiling affectionately, said Radan sadly.
It was he, still the same handsome and strong. Only in the extinct blue eyes now lived no longer the former joy and happiness, but a black, ineradicable longing nestled in them ...
“I don’t believe you’ve put up with this, Maria!” We had to save him despite his wishes! Later I myself would have realized how much I was mistaken! .. I cannot forgive myself! - Radan exclaimed in his hearts.
Apparently, the pain of the loss of his brother firmly settled in his kind, loving heart, poisoning the coming days with irreplaceable sadness.
- Stop it, Radanushka, don't bother the wound ... - Magdalena whispered softly. - Here, look better what your brother left me ... What Radomir ordered to keep for all of us.
Reaching out her hand, Mary opened the Key of the Gods ...
He again began to slowly, majestically open, striking the imagination of Radan, who, like a small child, was dumbfounded, unable to tear himself away from the unfolding beauty, unable to utter a word.
- Radomir ordered to take care of him at the cost of our lives ... Even at the cost of his children. This is the Key of our Gods, Radanushka. The treasure of the Reason ... There is no equal to it on Earth. Yes, I think, and far beyond the Earth ... - Magdalena said sadly. - We will all go to the Valley of the Magicians. We will teach there ... We will build a new world, Radanushka. Light and Kind world... - and after a pause, added. - Do you think we can handle it?
“I don’t know, sister. Have not tried it. - Radan shook his head. - I have been given another order. Svetodar would be saved. And then we'll see ... Maybe your Good World will turn out ...
Sitting down next to Magdalene, and forgetting for a moment his sorrow, Radan enthusiastically watched how the wonderful treasure sparkles and "builds" with marvelous floors. Time stood still, as if taking pity on these two people, lost in their own sadness ... And they, huddled closely to each other, sat alone on the shore, fascinatedly watching how the sea sparkled ever wider with emerald ... And how wondrously burned on Magdalene's hand The Key of the Gods - left by Radomir, an amazing "smart" crystal ...
Several long months have passed since that sad evening, which brought another grievous loss to the Knights of the Temple and Magdalene - the Magus John, who was their indispensable friend, Teacher, faithful and powerful support, died unexpectedly and cruelly ... The Knights of the Temple sincerely and deeply grieved for him. If the death of Radomir left their hearts wounded and indignant, then with the loss of John their world became cold and incredibly alien ...
Friends were not even allowed to bury (according to their custom - burning) the warped body of John. The Jews simply buried him in the ground, which terrified all the Knights of the Temple. But Magdalene managed to at least redeem (!) His severed head, which the Jews did not want to give for anything, since they considered it too dangerous - they considered John a great Magician and Sorcerer ...
So, with a sad burden of heavy losses, Magdalene and her little daughter Vesta, guarded by six Templars, finally decided to embark on a long and difficult journey - to the wondrous country of Occitania, so far familiar only to Magdalene ...
Further - there was a ship ... There was a long, difficult road ... Despite her deep grief, Magdalene, during the entire endlessly long journey with the Knights was invariably friendly, collected and calm. The Templars reached out to her, seeing her bright, sad smile, and adored her for the peace they experienced being with her ... And she happily gave them her heart, knowing what cruel pain burned their tired souls, and how They were severely executed by the misfortune that happened to Radomir and John ...
When they finally reached the coveted Valley of the Mages, everyone, without exception, dreamed of only one thing - to rest from troubles and pain, as much as possible for everyone.
Too much dear has been lost ...
The price was too high.
The Magdalene herself, who had left the Valley of the Magi, being a little ten-year-old girl, now with trepidation was "recognizing" her proud and beloved Occitania, in which everything - every flower, every stone, every tree, seemed to her family! .. Longing for the past, she greedily inhaled the Occitan air raging with "good magic" and could not believe that she had finally come Home ...
It was her motherland... Her future Light World, which she promised to build to Radomir. And now she brought her grief and sorrow to her, like a lost child seeking protection, sympathy and peace from the Mother ...
Magdalene knew that in order to fulfill Radomir's order, she had to feel confident, collected and strong. But while she only lived, locked in her deepest sorrow, and was madly lonely ...
Without Radomir, her life became empty, worthless and bitter ... He lived now somewhere far away, in an unfamiliar and wondrous World, where her soul could not reach ... And she missed him so insanely as a human, as a woman ! .. And no one, unfortunately, could help her in any way.
Then we saw her again ...
Magdalena sat alone on a high cliff, completely overgrown with wildflowers, pressing her knees to her chest ... She, as has already become customary, saw off the sunset - another regular day lived without Radomir ... She knew that there would be many more days like this ... so many. And she knew she would have to get used to it. Despite all the bitterness and emptiness, Magdalena understood well that a long, difficult life awaited her ahead of her, and she would have to live it alone ... Without Radomir. What so far she could not imagine, because he lived everywhere - in every cell of her, in her dreams and wakefulness, in every object that he once touched. It seemed that the entire surrounding space was saturated with Radomir's presence ... And even if she wished, there was no salvation from this.
The evening was calm, calm and warm. The nature reviving after the heat of the day raged with the smells of warmed up flowering meadows and pine needles ... Magdalene listened to the monotonous sounds of the ordinary forest world - it was surprisingly so simple, and so calm! .. Swollen by the summer heat, bees were loudly buzzing in the nearby bushes. Even they, hardworking, preferred to get away from the burning rays of the day, and now they were happily absorbing the invigorating evening coolness. Feeling human goodness, the tiny colored bird fearlessly sat down on Magdalena's warm shoulder and in gratitude burst into sonorous silvery trills ... But Magdalene did not notice this. She again flew into the familiar world of her dreams, in which Radomir still lived ...
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Petrovsky Boris Vasilievich
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Petrovsky Boris Vasilievich
God! Do not let the thirst for profit and fame guide me in my practical work. Strengthen the strength of my heart so that it can equally respond to the suffering of the poor and the rich, good and evil, to help equally friend and foe. Teach me, Almighty, patience and calmness when the patient is disobedient or offending, make me moderate in all my judgments and actions, but not in knowledge, for in the latter I want to remain insatiable, and let the thought that I know and can do everything. "
These words of the daily prayer of a doctor, created in the XII century, have been and are being repeated today by a great many ministers of medicine. After all, a doctor, like a priest for believers, is the most trusted person with whom, more openly than with relatives and friends, they share their griefs and sorrows. We, doctors, especially surgeons, are convinced of this every day. By agreeing to an operation, even the simplest one, a person hands over his life to the surgeon. activity surgery petrovsky
Boris Vasilievich Petrovsky was born on June 27, 1908 in the family of a zemstvo doctor Vasily Ivanovich Petrovsky, who lived with his family in the village of Blagodarnoye, Stavropol Territory (now Blagodarny). Due to the illness of the only midwife in the village, for the safety of childbirth, the father took his wife to the maternity hospital in Essentuki. Therefore, the city of Essentuki is considered the birthplace of Boris Vasilyevich, although he lived there for only about four weeks.
The name of Vasily Ivanovich Petrovsky was widely known among the population of Stavropol. In 1903, Vasily Ivanovich graduated from the University of Derpt (now Tartu, Estonia, having received a doctor's diploma with honors, began working as a chief physician in the 25-bed zemstvo hospital in the village of Blagodarnoye, which he headed for 13 years. A talented doctor, a good organizer, an active public figure , an erudite with encyclopedic knowledge, Vasily Ivanovich did a lot for the formation and development of healthcare in the Stavropol region.
Doctor Petrovsky V.I. led a decisive struggle against infectious diseases: typhus, tuberculosis, trachoma. On his initiative, a tuberculosis dispensary was opened at the zemstvo hospital, and an operating room was equipped. Vasily Ivanovich was engaged in large and small surgery, did hundreds of complex urological, gynecological, oncological and other operations.
In 1916, V. I. Petrovsky and his family moved to Kislovodsk, worked as a chief sanitary inspector, then as a senior doctor at the Central Executive Committee “Krasnye Kamni” rest house, where patients were N. K. Krupskaya, M. I. Ulyanov, A. I. Rykov, V.R. Menzhinsky, Clara Zetkin, D.Z. Manuilsky and others.
In 1980, a memorial plaque was erected on one of the buildings of the former Blagodarny Zemstvo hospital, and one of the city streets was named after V.I. Petrovsky. In recent years, a national memorial museum of the Petrovsky father and son has been created and opened in the town of Blagodarny.
In 1916-1924. B.V. Petrovsky studied at the II stage school in Kislovodsk. Family traditions have shaped Boris Vasilievich's desire to follow in his father's footsteps. After leaving school, he immediately went to work as a disinfectant at the disinfection station in Kislovodsk. Here Boris Vasilyevich graduated from accounting courses, stenography, sanitary courses and began to work as a messenger in the department of the trade union "Medsantrud", at the same time he was intensively preparing for admission to the university.
“... In the summer of 1926, my father told me that I needed to go to Moscow and try to enter the medical faculty of the university. I was able to get a business trip to take exams only at the Moscow Higher Technical School - prestigious university, but I was attracted by the medical faculty of the 1st Moscow State University, where I dreamed of going.
Finally, Mokhovaya, Manezh and the University. Trembling in my legs - a dream is near, but I could not believe that I would enter this famous temple of science. I went into the courtyard, went up the steps to the admissions office. There are plenty of people, young people of all nationalities. All are modestly dressed, but cheerful, noisy and sociable. I immediately met several guys who, as it turned out, also want to enter the medical faculty. The competition is large: there are seven candidates for one place. First of all, they accept workers' faculty, and then on business trips, without business trips - no one. When I showed my commander, I was advised to contact the People's Commissariat for Education, since university applications are not accepted with a business trip to the MVTU.
The next day I went to Myasnitskaya in the RSFSR People's Commissariat for Education. I waited for an appointment for ten hours, did not wait. On the second day, I received a disappointing answer: business trips do not change, apply for a free competition, but that one is already overcrowded. On the third day I went to university and applied for a competition. Everyone is surprised why I don’t want to apply to the Moscow Higher Technical School - after all, this is the best university in the country, everyone wants to go there, but they don’t have business trips. There are few chances to go to Moscow State University. Some of the guys advised: "You are the son of a doctor, you are eager to become a doctor, you have a good business trip. Go to see Nadezhda Konstantinovna Krupskaya, Deputy People's Commissar of Education, she is very kind."
Youth is always optimistic. In the People's Commissariat for Education, he sought an appointment for two days (N.K. Krupskaya was not there). Finally she accepted me. This technique engraved itself in the memory - after all, it was a meeting with a bright, extraordinary personality. N.K. Krupskaya received me sitting. I immediately noticed that her face was kind, tired and sad. I asked in detail, but dryly, never smiled, because the tragedy of the loss of Ilyich was still close. She remembered about my father, who treated her. She said that I would get an answer from the office of the rector of the University A.Ya. Vyshinsky in five days.
Every day I ask the secretary A.Ya. Vyshinsky the fate of his statement. Finally, the secretary - an elderly, pretty woman, apparently from the "former", said: "Andrei Yanuaryevich will receive you tomorrow. You should be here at five minutes to ten in the morning. I came earlier and I see that the elderly are already sitting in the waiting room. , well-dressed people - professors, young students, some in uniform pre-revolutionary caps. I decided that I would have to wait a long time. However, at exactly 9 o'clock they let me into the office. At the table was an average height man of about forty, blond, dry and stern. Without holding out his hand, Andrei Yanuaryevich said: “Your application has been accepted. You can take exams. Goodbye. "I was very embarrassed, turned pale, sweaty, I don't remember what I answered, and left without feeling my legs under me. Is there really hope?
The exams began a week later. All this is a well-known hard time. Waiting in front of audiences, endless questions of each other, reading textbooks, assessing the severity of teachers, their characters. Exams at the university in those days were very difficult, they asked for a long time.
Finally, everything is over - all that remains is to wait for the coveted order. It was the most difficult time. Doubts gave way to pessimism, then there was hope, and everything was repeated again. These 10 days will be remembered for the rest of my life. And here are the results - the first lists of persons admitted to various faculties are posted. My last name is not on the first, second and third lists. It's a shame to tears, even the dream is completely gone. New friends console me, advise not to go home, but to stay to work in Moscow. They are thinking of enrolling next year if they are not admitted to college this year.
But now the happiest day in my life is coming - "Petrovsky BV" is on the fourth list. - admitted to the medical faculty of Moscow State University. Darkened in his eyes, dizzy. I walked away from the wall, read it again, went to eat a sandwich, again went up to the blackboard and made sure that this was not a dream - I was admitted to the medical faculty! .. "
According to BV Petrovsky himself, the years of studying at the university strengthened his interest in surgery, showed the need for versatile and deep training, first of all as a doctor, and then as a “narrow” specialist. Well aware that one can become a surgeon only by being a versatile and fundamentally trained doctor, B.V. Petrovsky thoroughly studied clinical disciplines, physiology, spent many hours in the anatomical theater, mastered and improving surgical techniques, was on duty a lot in the clinic and was present on rounds of senior colleagues , performed the first independent operations.
Among the professors and teachers of B.V. Petrovsky were prominent scientists: remarkable surgeons - A.V. Martynov, N.N. Burdenko, P.A. Herzen, anatomist P.A. Karuzin, chemists V.S. Gulevich and A. Stepanov, histologist B.I. Lavrent'ev, physiologist M.N. Shaternikov, pathologist A.I. Abrikosov, therapists D.M. Rossiyskiy, D.D. Pletnev, M.I. Konchalovsky, E.E. Fromgold , urologist R.M. Fronshtein, obstetrician-gynecologist M.S. Malinovsky, pediatrician V.I. Molchanov, psychiatrist P.B. Gannushkin, neuropathologist G.I. Rossolimo, pathophysiologist S.I. Chechulin, hygienist and health care organizer . A. Semashko.
A wonderful school for the future surgeon was participation in operations with A.V. Martynov, and later with P.A. Herzen, night shifts in the Yauzskaya hospital, work in a scientific student circle. Boris Vasilievich often visited the laboratories of S.I. Chechulin and S.S.Bryukhonenko, in which the first in the world a heart-lung machine - "auto-light" was created.
During his studies, BV Petrovsky was active in public work, was the chairman of the trade union committee of the institute, was fond of playing chess, hiking, always took an active part in the Komsomol events. One of the vivid impressions was the acquaintance with the great physiologist I.P. Pavlov, the meeting at the chessboard with the future multiple world champion Mikhail Botvinnik.
Transfer to senior courses - to Pirogovka, where the clinics and laboratories of the 1st Moscow State University were located, the legendary Devichye Pole, where the Russian medical intelligentsia studied, was a new stage in our life, accompanied by a restructuring of thinking. We passed from inanimate objects and inanimate matter to people, patients, we had to learn to understand their suffering - in a word, to prepare ourselves for the profession of a doctor.
However, this transition was not a calm one for everyone. As in the first years, where work in the "anatomical" unsettled individual young people, so at the patient's bedside many at first were lost and exaggerated the difficulties of studying clinical disciplines. Time required not only cramming, but also the development of the ability to speak with patients, find out the symptoms of the disease, and carefully identify the anamnesis strong points that precede the disease. All this repulsed some of the students from the clinic, and they left, preferring to work in the laboratory.
These wonderful times passed imperceptibly - 1928, 1929; 1930s My passion for surgery did not disappear, but, on the contrary, intensified. I did not miss a single meeting of the surgical circle, which was led by assistants Boris Vladimirovich Milonov and Joseph Moiseevich Chaikov. We took part in the shifts at the P.A. Herzen and even assisted usually at night during operations. The window of our dorm room on Malaya Pirogovskaya was opposite the dome of the P.A. Herzen. Waking up at night and seeing the illuminated dome, he quickly dressed and ran to the clinic, where they needed the hands of the students who were not yet experienced, but eager to join the operating team. I remember one of P.A. Herzen. They brought a patient with a huge spleen (splenomegaly). They already tried to operate on her in another hospital, but the organ could not be removed due to the danger of bleeding threatening death. This heroic intervention was undertaken by Pyotr Alexandrovich. It was impossible to "approach" the blood vessels (the organ was enormous), but he isolated the leg of the spleen with the fingers of his left hand, blindly crossed the vessels. A stream of blood gushed out. Herzen quickly closed it with his fingers, and then calmly, orienting himself in the depths of the wound on his fingers, stitched and bandaged an artery and vein, each as thick as a finger.
Pyotr Alexandrovich's eyes were shining when, moving away from the operating table, he told us: "Here, it is not a surgeon who is afraid of blood, but blood should be afraid of a surgeon."
About P.A. Herzen (Department of General Surgery) - my teacher and his school - has been written a lot, in particular, in my articles. Broadly educated, brought up in a European way, he, like his famous grandfather, was a democrat in the broadest sense of the word. A brilliant surgeon and lecturer, P.A. Herzen gained fame, the people loved him, and we, the students, also loved him. I consider myself one of his followers and have always performed and continue to carry out my main work in the field of oncology, surgery of the esophagus, vascular surgery and such general biological problems as shock, infection, resuscitation in surgery, in accordance with the principles of the Herzen school. The schools of N.N. Burdenko (faculty surgery) and A.V. Martynov (hospital surgery). I want to emphasize that without teachers like P.A. Herzen, N.N. Burdenko and A.V. Martynov, who had a different understanding of surgery, various scientific programs, differently related to the ethics of a doctor, we would not have formed surgeons - students of Moscow University.
Not all professors were friends with each other. So, sometimes at a lecture by P.A. Herzen, we heard ironic and humorous remarks and the address of N.N. Burdenko, and he, in turn, let go of sharp words addressed to Herzen. However, both outstanding surgeons, as I think now, did not wear "a stone in their bosoms", and their discussions were not harsh, offensive. Stories about his life, trips abroad at lectures were always listened to with special attention.
I remember once, having arrived from Germany and Poland, Alexei Ivanovich Abrikosov figuratively described the congress of doctors in Warsaw, spoke about the sympathies of Polish and other scientists for Soviet medicine, about the craving of professors who once worked and studied in Russia, to their homeland.
After the lecture, Nikolai Nikolayevich Burdenko often left students interested in surgery and talked about a number of interesting meetings, about a tragic episode in the clinic of F. Sauerbruch. Applying a new method of anesthesia with a Rot Draeger high-pressure apparatus, the anesthesiologist made a mistake, the apparatus exploded, the patient died on the table, and several doctors, including N.N. Burdenko, after falling to the stone floor and concussions were carried out of the operating room on a stretcher.
By the way, with N.N. Burdenko is connected with one curious episode. Once our subject commission on surgery (five people) came to Nikolai Nilovich Burdenko and calmly, but directly expressed his opinion about the harshness and even rudeness that he allowed during the operation. Smiling with his special sly smile "Nilych", he thanked us and said: "Of course, I will take into account your remarks, but believe me, and forgive me - after all, I was brought up in a bursa, and you know what a bursa is, at least from the works of Pomyalovsky." ... We left embarrassed, but at the same time pleased with our courage.
Professor Nikolai Aleksandrovich Semashko gave us a lot of important and necessary things at the lectures of the People's Commissar of Health. Students loved him very much for his availability, kindness and practical information that he always brought into lectures. Fighting epidemics, prevention - he illustrated these sections with examples from his life. We asked him to also tell us about his work in emigration, about his meetings with V.I. Lenin. Nikolai Aleksandrovich recalled with great warmth Lenin, who saved him in Switzerland, in exile, when Semashko was arrested. Only V.I. Lenin, finding a reputable lawyer, achieved the expulsion of Semashko not to Russia (where he was threatened with hard labor), but to Bulgaria. A prominent statesman, N.A. Semashko, even after leaving the post of People's Commissar, heading the Department of Social Hygiene, always remained himself, treated us young with love and attention. In 1929 he was dismissed from the post of people's commissar in connection with his overestimation of medical examination and underestimation of the priority medical care for workers in industrial enterprises.
After graduating from his studies, BV Petrovsky has been working as a surgeon in the Podolsk regional hospital for about one and a half years.
Arriving in Podolsk, I began to think about future plans. Of course, you can stay and take care of industrial sanitation, occupational diseases, healthcare organization. But then what about the surgery, which he fell in love with from his youthful years and could not imagine his life without it? There was a passionate desire to master surgery from my mentor of student years - the ideal of students who chose surgery as their future profession - Peter Alexandrovich Herzen.
I quickly packed up and came to Moscow to visit my sister Nadya, who together with her husband (the old Bolshevik M.N. Abolin) lived in the hostel of the Higher Party School on Nikitsky Boulevard. The next day I went to the Oncological Institute (P.A. Herzen's clinic) and had the courage to turn to my teacher. It turns out that he remembered me from the student circle, greeted me warmly, joked, talked about military service. I was directed to the senior assistant Alexander Ivanovich Savitsky. He received me along with doctors Buivolov, Anfilogov, Shmelev, who had also returned from military service. We were all in military tunics and trousers, boots, soldier's greatcoats. They wore budenovka.
Alexander Ivanovich is a tall, stately man with a small brown, carefully trimmed mustache and a hard gaze of brown eyes. After closely examining each and getting acquainted with our documents, he said: "Yes, comrades yellow-chicks, you came on time, since we received several rates of junior research workers for the clinic. We can take you on a trial period, and then we will see. But you should know that you came to the famous clinic and here they do not tolerate idlers. I myself went through the school of difficult youth and I recognize only strict discipline. I strongly recommend you: first, work a lot, from morning to evening, you are workhorses, and you must do everything in the clinic without question. Second, I do not recommend that you get married for two years. Third, you must visit the library every day. Fourth, it is imperative to study German, since Russian and German surgeons have achieved the greatest success in the world. And fifth, be sure to take a topic for scientific work. " We sat, instinctively pressed against each other. Having said goodbye with a nod of his head, Alexander Ivanovich let us go, and we, leaving the office, exchanged views. This is how a new stage of my life began.
Since 1932, scientific activity begins - as a researcher at the Moscow Oncological Institute (the first stage under the leadership of P.A. Herzen). The abilities of the researcher and the talent of the surgeon found fertile ground - for several years of hard work, Boris Vasilyevich completed research on important issues of oncology (treatment of breast cancer), transfusiology (the technique of long-term massive transfusions and drip blood transfusions), shock.
The first scientific article by BV Petrovsky "On the assessment of long-term results of surgical treatment of breast cancer" was published in 1937 in the journal "Surgery".
Subsequent articles of the young scientist showed that he is able to see the main thing, to determine the angle of studying the issue. A fairly voluminous list of publications, taking into account the complexity of the topic and the timing of preparation, is undoubtedly associated with other qualities of the researcher: the ability to organize work, to choose the right ways to achieve the goal. It is not without reason that BV Petrovsky often repeats that it is important not only to choose a problem, but also to correctly determine the search methodology, because the "trial and error" method is too expensive.
In the cycle of the first scientific works, the principles of his creative activity are also traced - special attention to urgent problems of surgery, in close connection with physiology and other fundamental sciences, the search for a new, heightened understanding of the urgent tasks of the time.
In the 20-30s, blood transfusion as a problem in surgery was going through the time of its youth, demanded the solution of many scientific, practical and organizational issues. Of course, BV Petrovsky was also interested in the problem. In 1937 Boris Vasilievich defended Ph.D. thesis on the topic: "Drip transfusion of blood and blood-substituting fluids in oncological practice." In a revised form, it was published in the form of a monograph in 1948. Petrovsky retained his interest in blood transfusion in subsequent years, in particular, in methods of introducing blood into the body, the effect of transfusions on body functions.
At the Institute of Oncology, I met a researcher in the experimental laboratory, a student of Academician A.A. Bogomolets, very beautiful, sweet and kind Ekaterina Mikhailovna Timofeeva. On Sundays, my comrades and I went out of town, picking mushrooms, enjoying the nature near Moscow, visiting palaces and ancient monuments. We also went to theaters, movies, talked a lot about ourselves, dreamed of the future and fell in love with each other. We got married in 1933, but there was essentially no wedding. At five o'clock in the evening, they came to the registry office, which was already closed, signed the book and received a certificate of marriage registration.
It was warm and cozy in Ekaterina Mikhailovna's room in Godeinsky Lane. A communal four-room apartment was located on the third floor. The neighbors were nice. It was fun and very good for us to spend our significant day together. Pre-bought cakes, snacks, liqueur. This is how our family life began.
I moved from my room, which I rented on Frunze Street, to Arbat. We had about 11.5 meters of area. A bit dark (the window overlooked a narrow courtyard), but warm, quiet, cozy. Ekaterina Mikhailovna turned out to be a wonderful hostess, a neat, energetic and at the same time calm wife and mother.
Life at that time was difficult, we somehow formed our family budget. We met late, because in addition to the main job, I had to take a part-time job: Katya - at the Institute of Blood Transfusion, me - at the oncology center of the 1st United Dispensary on Usachevka. We were happy, although we met at home late at night, and sometimes at night, and left for work at 7 o'clock in the morning. Of course, we rested together on Sunday. Relatives, friends, acquaintances came to visit us. We drank tea, talked a lot, sang and then walked along the Moscow boulevards, along the Arbat and its quiet lanes.
For two years in a row, we went on vacation to Kislovodsk, where my relatives welcomed us very well. In 1934, in the summer, we crossed the Klukhorsky pass. First, we took a bus from Essentuki along the gorge of the Kuban River to Teberda, and after crossing Klukhor and going down the Kodor River and the gorge of the same name down to Tsebelda, we again got to Sochi by bus. In this seaside town, we spent several days with the parents of my sister's husband, Nina. After this unforgettable journey, Moscow came tired, tanned and happy.
Marina's birth (November 1936) was an important event in the life of our family and, of course, made Katya's work difficult. She completed her postgraduate studies and worked as an assistant at the 2nd Moscow medical institute... I had to, no matter how hard it was, to hire a nanny and put her in a cramped room with us. This is how we lived, and this is how the majority of Muscovites lived in those years.
Marina grew up a lively, cheerful child and delighted her parents. In the summer Katya went with her daughter to Vyazma, where her parents lived, and then we began to rent a dacha in the village along the Northern road. Our grandmothers came to visit us - Maria Semyonovna and Lydia Petrovna - my mother. After a serious illness in 1937, my mother passed away. The family's grief was difficult to describe - after all, she was 49 years old.
But I had to live and work. In 1937 I defended my Ph.D. thesis on drip transfusion of blood and solutions. Opponents on the defense were S.S. Yudin and M.Ya.Skundina. The defense was successful, I received a Ph.D. diploma, and then the second - a senior researcher. He began to write articles on surgery and oncology. Ekaterina Mikhailovna also successfully worked on her dissertation, published scientific articles on pathophysiology. One of her interesting articles was devoted to blood research, she and her comrades were donors during a mountaineering trip to the top of Kazbek (she was there several years before her marriage).
In 1938, BV Petrovsky was awarded the title of senior scientific worker (associate professor). However, peacetime was over. In 1939-1940 Boris Vasilievich participated as a leading surgeon and deputy head of a field hospital active army, in the military events on the Karelian Isthmus.
The Great Patriotic War (1941-1945) found B.V. Petrovsky at the Department of General Surgery of the 2nd Moscow Medical Institute named after N.I. Pirogov as an associate professor. From the operating table of the clinic, he went to the active army.
From the first days of the war, B.V. Petrovsky was a leading surgeon at front-line and army hospitals. Thousands of soldiers and officers owe their lives to his skill as a surgeon. The military work of BV Petrovsky was marked with military awards - the Order of the Red Star, two Orders of the Patriotic War of the II degree, and medals.
Once a 38-year-old soldier was delivered. A fragment of a projectile, as if in the form of a piece of a saw, got stuck in the right supraclavicular space, and a pulsating swelling appeared there. The pulse on the right radial artery was not determined, but a systolic-diastolic murmur was heard above and below the collarbone; paresis of the limb and very severe pain in the arm. The wounded man was extremely agitated, screaming from pain, which subsided only for 1-2 hours after a large dose of morphine.
I knew that surgery on the subclavian artery was extremely dangerous. I remembered P.A. Herzen, who operated on five aneurysms of the subclavian artery and lost four wounded, an experience that did not inspire optimism. I looked through the anatomy textbook, got acquainted with the access to this vessel, which in military conditions is clearly inappropriate (flaps, for a long time, etc.). The idea arose about the need to quickly go through the wound and at the same time provide breadth of access.
The hour of the operation has come. With a T-shaped incision through the wound, he exposed and removed the inner end of the right clavicle, dissected its posterior periosteum, bandaged and cut the subclavian muscle. Immediately, the subclavian vein became clearly visible, and deeper - the artery and brachial plexus. The aneurysm the size of a chicken egg ruptured, stopped the bleeding with his left index finger, and stitched the central and peripheral ends of the vessel through it from the inside. I felt a splinter with a diameter of 2 cm between the nerve trunks, with its sawtooth edge resting on the nerves. Removed the shard. The postoperative course was good. This case helped in further work. There was courage, confidence that a direction had been found in vascular surgery - accesses, a technique for stopping bleeding during an operation, eliminating an aneurysm through a bag ...
An evacuation and sorting hospital was formed in Tula. The evacuation has also been established, even at night. They began to send seriously wounded to the rear, to unload the hospital, Now you can fulfill your dream - to go to the operating room. He washed his hands thoroughly, put on a robe and gloves. On the table are soldiers of 30-35 years old. The bullet passed near the navel and exited from the back in the lumbar region. All signs of injury to the abdominal cavity (twelve hours ago): "the face of Hippocrates", pain, muscle tension, blood in the lateral canals of the abdomen, rapid pulse. She was given anesthesia and started a blood transfusion. Laparatomy - there is a lot of blood in the abdomen, intestinal contents, which are carefully removed. Resection of 20 cm of the small intestine, suturing of four more holes in the intestine, lavage and closure of the abdominal wall were performed. And on the second table there is another wounded man with a similar injury. After the second operation, I take off my gloves, and at this time my sister brings a young pale soldier who presses his right half of his neck with his hand. The soldier said that after the shell burst, he felt a blow to the neck, then a scarlet stream of blood began to beat from a small wound - "a fountain with a whistle." Since the soldier went to the front from the third year of the medical faculty, he diagnosed himself with a wound of the carotid artery. And he was right. They quickly laid him down on the operating table. The wounded's right index finger went deep into the wound hole in the center of the right half of the neck, like a plug closing the wound. I quickly washed my hands, put on gloves and asked doctor N. Petrova to wear gloves as well. I treated the soldier's hand, finger, neck with iodine. Then he performed local anesthesia with novocaine around the wound. On command, the soldier immediately removed his finger, and a powerful jet of scarlet blood escaped from the wound with a whistle, flooding us all and even the operating lamp. The assistant quickly but carefully inserted his gloved finger into the wound and the bleeding stopped. A blood transfusion was made, dissection of the neck tissues above and below the wound, exposure of blood vessels. A hole 1 cm in diameter can be seen in the common carotid artery; a shell fragment was lying nearby. The artery is temporarily turned off, interrupted vascular sutures are applied to the walls of the hole, and a splinter is removed. Full patency of the vessel, no bleeding is noted. Soon, in good condition after the operation and transfusion of 1.5 liters of blood, the soldier was evacuated to the rear. This technique was taught to all nurses, they saved the lives of many wounded by wearing a rubber glove and covering the hole in the wounded vessel with their finger. They were awarded medals for this, as described in the 19th volume of "The Experience of Soviet Medicine in the Great Patriotic War of 1941-1945." (The volume was published under my editorship and is devoted to vascular injuries.) The front line has stabilized, shelling and bombing have become a rare occurrence. I wanted to "go home" - to Tula. After saying goodbye to his new friends on the U-2 ambulance plane, he took off from the completely destroyed town "Pogoreloe Gorodische", which left in his memory the memories of the hardest days of the struggle for the lives of many hundreds of people.
On the second stretcher, we took out the wounded colonel, who was weak and kept silent all the time. We fly calmly, the weather is rainy, but there is no fog. Suddenly, near Volokolamsk, the pilot took the plane abruptly down. A sharp crack of a machine gun was heard, and tracer lines of machine-gun bursts began to be seen. Several times we saw the "Messer" overtaking us, but the unarmed "maize", possessing excellent gliding properties, all the time went down to the glades, circled along the edge of the forest and was not given to the enemy.
I don’t remember how we got to the Volokolamsk airfield. We taxied to the buildings, got out of the plane, the pilot and I, both pale and sweating. The pilot said: "Happy is your God, doctor. We were on the verge of death," and pointed to the wing pierced by a bullet. The wounded man was carried out, and we again took to the air.
We landed safely at the Tushino airfield. They embraced, kissed the pilot and went on, each on their own path of war. I was to receive my first Order of the Red Star in the Kremlin. Therefore, I immediately went to Red Square, received a pass and an invitation to present the order.
After a thorough check of documents at the side entrance of the Spassky Gate, the sentry let me through and told me how to get to the Sverdlovsky Hall. With excitement, he walked between the Kremlin wall and the grayish-yellow buildings, found an entrance, again presented his documents, undressed, combed his hair and climbed a beautiful staircase to the second floor. The corridor was already crowded with officers, mostly the defenders of Crimea, and among them was a familiar Moscow surgeon, like me, awarded the Order of the Red Star. Everyone was invited to the Sverdlovsk Hall. And in the Kremlin, and even more so in this historic hall, most of us were for the first time. We turn our heads, consider the stucco decorations, the beautiful forms of darkened windows and the sculpture of V.I. Lenin. And then the secretary of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR A.F. Gorkin. The awards ceremony has begun. AF, Gorkin read out the Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR, and MI Kalinin presented the red box with the order and the order book, congratulated and shook hands. Each of us answered: "I serve The Soviet Union"- and, turning in a military-like" circle ", returned to his place.
In the difficult years of the war, B.V. Petrovsky acquires not only a huge practical experience, but also subjects it to analytical analysis, i.e. is actively engaged in scientific activities: military field surgery, surgery of wounds of the heart, lungs, pericardium, blood vessels, transfusiology, etc. Published works by BV Petrovsky "Pericarditis after gunshot injuries of the chest" (1943, 1945), "Gunshot wounds of blood vessels" (1944), "Subphrenic abscesses after gunshot wounds" (1945) and others reflecting the surgeon's extensive experience in the treatment of gunshot wounds of blood vessels and their consequences.
During the Great Patriotic War, an innovator surgeon tested his ideas on methods of blood transfusion, successfully applying the injection of blood into the carotid artery, and then directly into the thoracic aorta. The experience was summarized in 1943 in two articles: "Blood transfusion into the common carotid artery" and "A simple suction apparatus in surgical practice" (journal "Surgery" No. 4), and then in reports at the Congress of Hungarian doctors (1951), International Congress in Rome (1954) and others. This group of works was continued by BV Petrovsky's monograph "Blood Transfusion in Surgery" (1954), "Transfusion Therapy in Surgery" (1971) and others. whole research teams are working on blood transfusions. This area of medicine, which was born in the depths of surgery, in a sense owes to the works of B.V. Petrovsky.
On the basis of military experience, Boris Vasilievich also wrote works on wounding the pelvic bones, subphrenic space, published his original method of hip disarticulation surgery, etc.
This large cycle of research, intensively continued in the post-war years, was formalized in 1947 into a doctoral dissertation "Surgical treatment of vascular gunshot wounds in the front-line area." In 1949 it was published in the form of a monograph "Surgical treatment of vascular injuries" (Moscow, USSR Academy of Medical Sciences, 1949).
1944 was characterized by the advance of the Red Army on all fronts. The hospital in Ostashkov was again preparing for redeployment, which was to take place in a month in the area of the Second Baltic Front - the town of Rezekne. In the meantime, we continued to operate, treat the wounded, train the medical staff, especially the new replenishment.
One evening I was finishing an operation for a stomach wound. It remained to put stitches on the abdominal wall. A nurse quickly entered the operating room and said that I was being summoned to the head of the hospital. In N.G. Vyazemsky, there were many military men, and among them was Mikhail Nikiforovich Akhutin. We hugged and kissed, exchanged our impressions of the work, and proceeded to dinner. Mikhail Nikiforovich was in a sad mood, apparently unwell. However, as always, he was joking, told a number of funny frontline stories, and then asked to go to the next room for a "separate conversation."
Sitting on the sofa, he said: "Dear Boris Vasilyevich, fate tied us together during the war, we have only thoughts about medicine, about surgery, the war is coming to an end, and we need to think about the future. As you know, my life is restless, I I don’t think that the one who connects his life with my destiny will choose an easy road. But even under these circumstances I want to offer you an excellent job for a surgeon. Burdenko is ill) and at the same time give the department of hospital surgery of the Military Medical Academy in Leningrad, a department that has always remained the dream of my whole life. "
I asked for a week for a trip to Moscow and advice with Ekaterina Mikhailovna, who had already returned from Chelyabinsk.
I quickly packed up and drove to Moscow without incident. The meeting with his wife and daughter was very hot, they recalled the peaceful years, talked about the future. Katya again worked as an assistant at the 2nd Medical Institute at the Department of Pathophysiology under Professor G.P. Sakharov. As it turned out, Katya indirectly found out about the conversation of G.P. Sakharov with one military doctor, who told him about my alleged death: he saw me covered in blood in a ditch near the railway line. In reality, when our train was bombed in 1943, I was covered with earth.
Life in Moscow at that time was difficult, but gradually it was getting into a rut. We discussed our future and my position. Pyotr Alexandrovich Herzen was ill all the time, but I have not worked for him since 1940. M.N. Akhutin was tempting - a professorial position, a real opportunity to formalize the results of military experience with chest wounds, the design of the book "Gunshot wounds of large blood vessels", the materials of which were fully prepared.
In general, it was time to draw conclusions from the colossal experience of surgical treatment of wounds, which can be tested in such an institution as the Military Medical Academy. CM. Kirov, which worked in Leningrad as a large military hospital. And at the end of the war, the Academy's clinics were overwhelmed with wounded. So, it was decided to move to work in Military Medical Academy them. CM. Kirov
I had to work a lot on the book "Gunshot Wounds of Large Blood Vessels", which I did with great interest in Leningrad until October 1945. And in October M.N. Akhutin was appointed director of the Institute of Clinical and Experimental Surgery of the USSR Academy of Medical Sciences in Moscow. M.N. Akhutin invited me to the position of deputy director for scientific affairs. Of course, I wanted to return to the capital. My home, family, teachers, friends and comrades were there. By order of M.N. Akhutin was soon demobilized. Farewell to new friends was very warm. Leningrad remained in my heart as a wonderful hero city, a city of science, a city of medicine. All these years I have kept the closest ties with Leningrad. Every time I come to this wonderful city, I remember its military fate and a part of my wartime life.
As you know, after the war, by decision of the government, a multivolume (34 volumes) work "The Experience of Soviet Medicine in the Great Patriotic War of 1941-1945" was published. E.I. was appointed its executive editor. Smirnov - Head of the Military Medical Directorate Soviet army, and the editors of the volumes are major clinicians and epidemiologists of the country.
E.I. Smirnov invited me to be the executive editor of the 19th volume, devoted to vascular injuries. I accepted the offer and selected a team of authors. The main chapters were assigned to me. Some chapters include my personal photographs of the wounded. For four years I had to work with a million case histories brought to the Leningrad Military Medical Museum.
A huge number of tables and punched cards were compiled into combined graphs, sigma M and sigma D were calculated, and representative indicators were determined. They were to be included in all chapters of the volume. Thorough editing of the entire volume was required, approval of the drawings with the chairman of the commission on illustrations Yu.Yu. Janelidze. Many times I had to go to Leningrad, work in a museum. It took a lot of time, but the volume turned out to be good and was awarded a first degree diploma.
The rich experience of military field surgery in the treatment of vascular injuries is also summarized in the 19th volume of the unique publication "The Experience of Soviet Medicine in the Great Patriotic War 1941-1945." The author of the sections and the editor of the 19th volume was B.V. Petrovsky. These works of the scientist influenced the development of the theory of gunshot wounds of blood vessels; Boris Vasilievich developed in detail the operations of intra-bag elimination of aneurysms and pulsating hematomas, transvenous suture and lateral suture of arteries; performed operations unique for its time for gunshot arteriovenous aneurysms, in particular, with aneurysm of the aortic arch, vena cava, unnamed vein. He developed approaches for the most difficult and difficult to access gunshot wounds and aneurysms of the anonymous, carotid and subclavian arteries.
Personal experience of more than 800 operations for gunshot wounds of blood vessels put B.V. Petrovsky among the largest vascular surgeons and created the basis for the development of the most important issues of reconstructive and reconstructive vascular surgery in the next decades.
In the post-war decades, issues of military surgery remain invariably in the center of Boris Vasilyevich's attention in the post-war decades, as evidenced by his numerous reports and publications in recent years and the book "Lectures on military field and military-urban surgery", in which the author puts forward, in particular, concepts special tactics in the provision of medical care in the context of modern military operations.
After finishing the Great Patriotic War as an established independent surgeon and researcher, BV Petrovsky began in 1945 to work as Deputy Director for Science of the Institute of Surgery of the USSR Academy of Medical Sciences, began to develop the problems of thoracic surgery and, especially, the esophagus - new for that time and developing sections.
Having received a new wide field of activity, an energetic scientist at the Institute of Surgery developed and for the first time in the country (in 1946) performed successful operations for cancer of various parts of the esophagus with simultaneous intrathoracic plastic surgery. A milestone in the development of the problem was the article by BV Petrovsky, published in 1947: "Success in the surgical treatment of esophageal and cardiac cancer" and "Intrapleural resection of the esophagus, cardia and total gastrectomy with simultaneous esophagogastro- and esophagojejunoanastomosis in cancer."
Boris Vasilievich summed up his research and experience in surgery of esophageal cancer in 1950 in the monograph "Surgical Treatment of Esophageal and Cardiac Cancer", which was awarded the NN Burdenko Prize of the Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR in 1953.
From the Institute of Surgery of the USSR Academy of Medical Sciences, he moved to the Department of General Surgery of the II Moscow Medical Institute, headed by prof. V.P. Voznesensky, where in 1948 he received the title of professor.
In 1949, a new turn in the life of the scientist - BV Petrovsky, by the decision of the Government, was sent to the Hungarian People's Republic. For two years (until 1951) he is in charge of the 3rd Surgical Clinic of the Faculty of Medicine of the University of Budapest.
In August 1949 the whole family had a good rest on the Black Sea. Returning to Moscow, one day they decided to go to the cinema for the film "Spring on Ice". We look at the picture with pleasure, suddenly a song was lit in the hall and the administrator announced: Professor Petrovsky was asked to go to the directorate.
It turned out that they were calling from the Central Committee of the CPSU (b) and invited to the International Department. There I was told that the Hungarian government is asking to send a surgeon to Hungary. It was assumed that he should head the surgical clinic and department of the University of Budapest. The reason for the request was the lack of well-organized surgical care and trained surgeons in the country. A wish was expressed for the establishment of a school of specialist surgeons in Hungary.
The offer was completely unexpected, and, I must admit, it upset our family very much. I didn't want to part with Moscow and work. In our clinic at that time, complex operations were successfully performed on the liver, organs of the chest cavity, on the esophagus and lungs, new directions were outlined in organizing the Institute of Surgery of the USSR Academy of Medical Sciences.
Of course, such an assignment was difficult to refuse. I understood the full responsibility of the case, its definite significance in the development of friendly relations between our countries.
The trip changed the plans, but seemed very interesting, albeit difficult and dangerous. And now, after parting (for the umpteenth time!) With my family, I again go to the "front" - into the unknown! For the first time after the war, I left my homeland for a long time. On the train, I thought about the fierce battles that in the recent past were fought by Soviet troops for the liberation of Hungary from fascism, especially the battles for Lake Balaton, Szekesfehervar, for Budapest, about the well-known Hungarian art: the music of V. Bartok, I. Kalman, F. Liszt, who impressed with her temperament and lyricism, about Hungarian operettas, with great success, staged in theaters in our country. He remembered what was known about Hungarian medicine, which had a high level since the second half of the 19th century: surgeons Hultl and Petz developed a stapler for operations on the stomach and intestines, Koranyi, Rusnyak and others made a significant contribution to the development of therapy. Of course, I also remembered I. Semmelweis, the largest obstetrician of the 19th century, who, like N.I. Pirogov, was the predecessor of D. Lister in the discovery of the era of antiseptics.
In 1950, in Budapest, quite unexpectedly, I had to meet with K.E. Voroshilov. This was the second meeting. K.E. I knew Voroshilov from my student days - he often came to us at Moscow State University, especially at the club on Mokhovaya. He was then young, a little over 40 years old, energetic and cheerful, spoke a little, recalled episodes of the civil war. But we already knew about the legendary People's Commissar and were proud of our acquaintance with him, his sympathy for us and the handshakes that he generously and simply distributed to young people.
In subsequent years, his speeches were published in Pravda, we saw him receiving a parade of troops on Red Square. Of course, at that time the thought did not occur to me that years would pass and I would have to meet this man more than once in the tragic days of his life.
Once, during an operation at the Budapest clinic, I was told that I urgently needed to go to K.E. Voroshilov. I finished the operation, got dressed quickly and drove off. They excitedly explained to me that K.E. Voroshilov fell ill.
I go into the room, Kliment Efremovich, smiling in bed. The years did their job - Voroshilov turned gray, his face was covered with wrinkles. He greeted me and asked me to examine him, since he does not agree with the doctors, he feels better and today, on April 4, must make a report to the Parliament at the opening of the holiday. Acquaintance with the history of the disease, a thorough examination allowed us to make a diagnosis: functional intestinal paresis. Required a strict diet and bed rest. After a short discussion, we agreed that Kliment Efremovich would make a report and give me a signal from the presidium, we would go to him and he would go to bed.
This is how it all happened to K.E. Voroshilov recovered and invited me two days later to a farewell dinner. He proved to be an attentive conversationalist and listened well to others. He asked me for a long time about work. We said goodbye warmly.
On his next visit, in April 1951, I was planning to leave for Moscow. Clement Efremovich found out about this. He came to see me off, joked, danced, reproached me for not dancing, and said to my wife: "Why, Ekaterina Mikhailovna, chose a non-dancing husband - that's not good."
And many more times we talked with K.E. Voroshilov in Moscow in 1955 and later. He was then Chairman of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR. Once he invited me as the chief surgeon of the IV department to the Kremlin. I walked along the quiet corridors, opened the door of the waiting room, and after the report of the secretary I found myself alone with K.E. Voroshilov. He summoned me to ask me to personally operate on the 16-year-old daughter of the Afghan king, Mariam. She was operated twice in Cologne (Germany) for appendicitis. Adhesions formed, probably, they caused severe pain, prolapse of the kidney and other abnormalities in the abdominal cavity. Voroshilov said that "God forbid that something would happen to her, because today we have friendly relations with Afghanistan." The complex operation went well. The girl got rid of her pain, and during the five months of her stay in the hospital and sanatorium "Barvikha" she has noticeably put on weight. She began to speak a little Russian, learned to ski, but her father did not allow her to study in Moscow as a doctor. Later she got married and left with her family to Europe.
With the name B.V. Petrovsky is associated with the post-war formation of Hungarian surgery and, especially, thoracic surgery, as well as blood transfusion services, traumatology and oncology. During this period, his "Lectures on Surgery", the monographs "Surgical Treatment of Vascular Wounds" and "Surgical Treatment of Cancer of the Esophagus and Cardia" were published in Hungarian. These publications were highly appreciated by the Hungarian medical community. BV Petrovsky's fruitful activity as a surgeon, teacher, who in a short time trained his students and followers from among Hungarian surgeons, received high recognition: he was elected honorary chairman of the Hungarian Society of Surgeons, awarded the Hungarian Order of Merit, later, in 1964 - was elected an honorary member of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, and in 1967 - an honorary doctor of the University of Budapest.
Upon his return from a Hungarian business trip to Moscow in 1951, Boris Vasilievich was elected head of the Department of Faculty Surgery of the 2nd Moscow Medical Institute named after V.I. N.I. Pirogov, previously headed by the famous surgeon N.A. Bogoraz. At the department B.V. Petrovsky worked until 1956.
In 1951, BV Petrovsky for the first time participates in the work of the XIV Congress of the International Society of Surgeons in Paris, at which he made a presentation on surgery for esophageal cancer. At the same time, he participated in the Congress of Anesthesiologists, where he also made a presentation on local anesthesia in thoracic surgery.
The second time I visited Paris was in 1951. The XIV Congress of the International Society of Surgeons was held here on September 23-29. The Soviet delegation (besides me, still young surgeons, professors V.I.Struchkov and F.G. Uglov) took part in the work of the first International Surgical Forum after the Second World War.
We checked into a small hotel near the Soviet embassy. The embassy staff spoke about the difficult political situation in the country, the growth of the authority and activity of the French Communist Party and its leader, Maurice Torez, the need to take measures to expand scientific contacts with French surgeons, who at that time had great authority in the International Society of Surgeons. This Society, organized in Brussels in 1902, is the most representative among many scientific international organizations. More than 120 national surgical societies are part of it, and their number is increasing every year.
The XIV Congress was held under the influence of the works of the largest European humanist scientists - R. Leriche, D. Mono, K. Dennis, A. Desjardins and others, who believed that it was necessary to unite in the Society all the forces of world surgery and that without the participation of surgeons of the USSR and countries There can be no such unification of Eastern Europe. The Congress was opened by the President - a prominent French surgeon, Professor Rene Lerish. As always, the first was the president's keynote address highlighting the state of modern surgery. The Technical Congress of Surgery, according to R. Leriche, is ahead of the development of theoretical branches of medicine. He encouraged surgeons to study physiological problems more actively. However, the speaker emphasized, it is necessary to be extremely careful in transferring the conclusions of the experiment into practice. We must not forget about the individuality of the patient, the peculiarities of the pathological process.
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IN THE PHOTO: Minister of Health of the USSR Petrovsky Boris Vasilyevich in the city of Blagodarny, Stavropol Territory. 1980 year.
A PHOTO from the album of the Blagodarny District Hospital. Provided in December 2012. Blagodarny Stavropol Territory.
MINISTER OF HEALTH OF THE USSR (1965-1980)
PETROVSKY BORIS VASILIEVICH
Petrovsky Boris Vasilievich - Soviet surgeon, health care organizer and public figure, academician of the USSR Academy of Sciences (1966) and USSR Academy of Medical Sciences (1957), Hero of Socialist Labor (1968), was born on June 14 (27), 1908 in the city of Essentuki.
His father, Vasily Ivanovich Petrovsky, was a district rural doctor in the Blagodarinsky medical district of the Blagodarinsky district of the Stavropol province. It was he who had a significant impact on the formation of the personality and the choice of the profession of his son.
In 1930 Petrovsky Boris Vasilyevich graduated from the Medical Faculty of the 1st Moscow State University. He was married to Ekaterina Mikhailovna Timofeeva. In 1936, a daughter was born from their marriage - Petrovskaya Marina Borisovna.
In 1937 B.V. Petrovsky defended his Ph.D. thesis on the topic "Drip transfusion of blood and blood replacement solutions in an oncological clinic."
During the Great Patriotic War B.V. Petrovsky was the leading surgeon of the evacuation hospital No. 2068 in the army. He realized the experience of the war years in his doctoral dissertation "Gunshot wounds of large blood vessels in the conditions of a front-line area", defended in 1947.
In 1948, Boris Vasilievich was elected professor of the Department of Surgery at the 2nd Moscow State Medical Institute named after N.P. Pirogov. In 1949 B.V. Petrovsky became the director of the surgical clinic of the University of Budapest, where he worked for 2 years. On March 19, 1963, by decision of the government, the Research Institute of Clinical and Experimental Surgery of the Ministry of Health of the RSFSR was opened in Moscow, and Academician B.V. Petrovsky.
In 1965, he successfully performed the first kidney transplant operation in the USSR, for which he received the USSR State Prize. Boris Vasilievich created numerous works on surgical methods for the treatment of esophageal cancer, congenital and acquired heart defects. For the first time in the USSR, he used prosthetic heart valves, developed and introduced into practice methods of transplantation and plastic surgery of the bronchi and trachea.
B.V. Petrovsky wrote over 400 scientific papers. More than 30 monographs belonging to him in many languages of the world are textbooks for young scientists and attending physicians. On account of his more than 50 original operations, developed over almost 60 years of work at the operating table. For many years he was a member of the International Society of Surgeons, chairman of the Association of Surgeons of Russia, an honorary member of 19 surgical academies in Europe, Asia and America, the owner of 6 honorary royal academic robes.
Boris Vasilievich Petrovsky - Hero of Socialist Labor, laureate of Lenin and State prizes, awarded 3 Orders of Lenin, the Order of the October Revolution, foreign orders and medals.
In 1965 B.V. Petrovsky became the Minister of Health of the USSR. May 28, 1998 by Presidential Decree Russian Federation B.N. Yeltsin Academician B.V. Petrovsky was awarded the Order of Merit for the Fatherland, II degree.
By the decree of the head of the administration of the city of Grateful Vasily Andreyevich Rybalko of 20.11.1996, Boris Vasilyevich Petrovsky was awarded the title of "Honorary Citizen of the City of Grateful."
On July 25, 1998, the regional newspaper "Blagodarnenskie Vesti" published an article "The Legend of the 20th Century" by the chief physician of the Blagodarnensky TMO, Honored Doctor of Russia Dolgov Nikolai Ivanovich.
N.I. Dolgov wrote: “... With Boris Vasilyevich Petrovsky, I had a chance to meet five times. In 1980, in the summer, being the Minister of Health of the USSR, he came to Kislovodsk to see surgeons who worked in hospitals during the Great Patriotic War, providing medical assistance wounded.
Boris Vasilyevich then visited our central regional hospital, where he met with a team of medical workers, examined the medical buildings and, of course, went into the house where their family lived. Currently, this building houses the centralized accounting department of the TMO.
The second meeting took place three years later, when B.V. Petrovsky was celebrated 75 years from the date of birth at the Russian Scientific Center of Surgery (RSCH) in Moscow. The third and fourth times I saw and talked to him at the Pirogov congresses in 1996 and 1997.
On June 29, 1998, events were held at the Russian Scientific Center for Surgery of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, dedicated to the 90th anniversary of the birth of an outstanding Russian scientist, surgeon, teacher, public and statesman academician B.V. Petrovsky and the 35th anniversary of the founding of the RSCH.
With a great speech “Academician B.V. Petrovsky and His Scientific School ”was made by the Director of the Scientific Center, Academician BA Konstantinov. The celebration was attended by many guests from all over Russia, from near and far abroad: Armenia, Ukraine, Belarus, Uzbekistan, the Baltic states. The students of Petrovsky, his colleagues and friends gathered.
Welcoming speeches were made by the Minister of Health of the Russian Federation O.V. Rutkovsky, President of the RAMS Academician B.M. Pokrovsky, more than forty people in total. On behalf of fellow-gratitude fellows, I spoke as the chief physician of the Blagodarnensky region, and presented Boris Vasilyevich with a memorable address and a picture of Stavropol artists, which depicts a steppe and wheat. He was glad and grateful to all the grateful.
For four hours, greetings to Boris Vasilyevich continued to his students, colleagues and friends. Yes, B.V. Petrovsky is a legend of the 20th century. He is the founder and honorary director of the Russian Scientific Center for Surgery of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, Academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences and the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, a member of 30 foreign academies and scientific societies, including the Royal College of Surgeons of Great Britain, Scotland and Ireland, the French Academy of Surgery, societies of surgeons in Italy, Sweden, and Germany.
He is the author of more than five hundred scientific papers on reconstructive and reconstructive surgery of the heart, lungs, esophagus, blood vessels, stomach, military field surgery, initiator of the development of kidney transplantation, microsurgery, research in the field of anesthesiology, resuscitation, precision instruments, artificial organs in Russia.
Boris Vasilievich is the founder of one of the largest scientific surgical schools, numbering about four hundred doctors and candidates of sciences, the pride of Russian medicine. Several years ago, on the initiative of Russia, the USA, Sweden and other countries, it was decided to establish the International Award of Academician B.V. Petrovsky and the gold medal "Outstanding surgeon of the world" for "outstanding achievements and unprecedented personal contribution for mankind to the development of world surgery."
This award was given to: Michael De Beycky (laureate 1996) - a renowned American heart surgeon; IN AND. Shumakov (laureate 1996) - a prominent Russian transplantologist, academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences and the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences; Norman I. Shumway (laureate of 1997) - one of the pioneers of heart transplantation, the author of surgical techniques and a strategic program for the development of transplantology; V.S. Savelyev (laureate 1998) - one of the leading surgeons in Russia, academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences and the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, chief surgeon of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation.
B.V. Petrovsky admired everyone who worked with him with his amazing surgical technique. In addition, this is noted by many professionals, he has a "light hand", which makes him a "surgeon from God." Dear thanksgiving, we have someone to take an example from and someone to be proud of. One of the brightest role models is our fellow countryman BV Petrovsky - a legendary man of the XX century. "
In the late 90s of the last century, serious passions unfolded around the Petrovsky house. On May 14, 1997, freelance correspondent I.A. Ivanov wrote a letter to the regional newspaper Blagodarnenskie Vesti, in which he opposed the claims of the museum director P.F. Gribtsov to one of the ancient buildings of the Blagodarny district hospital - a house in which V.I. Petrovsky with his family.
I.A. Ivanov wrote: “... On May 3 and 5, 1997, in his speech on television, Pyotr Fedorovich Gribtsov made a reproachful reproach to the head physician of the TMO (Territorial Medical Association) Nikolai moment is a branch of the regional museum named after Prozritelev and Prave. "
P.F. Gribtsov, talking about the fact that in the pre-revolutionary years the head of the Blagodarny district hospital, Vasily Ivanovich Petrovsky, often invested his personal money on medicines for patients, he put it this way: "... It is unlikely that today's doctors will buy medicines at their own expense."
I.A. Ivanov was outraged by the statements of Pyotr Fedorovich to the doctors and described his stay in the regional hospital: “... I was in cardiology, ward No. 11, in March 1997. They immediately treated ischemia, influenza and bronchitis with medicines at the expense of local and regional budgets. I and thousands of other patients did not need funding from the pockets of doctors. I spent only on mustard plasters. In addition, when I was discharged from the hospital, doctor O.N. Troshchiev asked: "... Do you need a sick leave?" So, doctors and nurses do not need to spend money on medicines for patients! "
Further I.A. Ivanov wrote: “On the facade of the accounting office building there is a memorial plaque on which the text is carved:“ In this house in 1903-1915, the famous zemstvo doctor Vasily Ivanovich Petrovsky lived and worked, who laid the foundation for clinical surgery and anti-infective service of Blagodarnensky district. ”
Similar memorial plaques are installed on many historical buildings of our city, but this does not mean that a branch of the museum should be created under each plaque ... Yes, former minister Healthcare of the USSR Boris Vasilievich Petrovsky oversaw the construction of two buildings of the district hospital, but not in order to get the old building for the Petrovsky Museum. For two years I had to bother to assign B.V. Petrovsky of the title "Honorary Citizen of the City of Grateful."
I think he will not be offended by me after reading this article, and with his inherent modesty will give up pomp, will not deprive the TMO of the building, for the sake of a branch of the museum of his name ... "
On the territory of the district hospital, premises were never empty, as a rule, there were not enough of them. In the 60s, in the Petrovsky house of seven rooms, with an area of 202 square meters, the cardiology department was located. In the 70s, the administration of the district hospital with the office of the chief doctor and other services was located here. Since 1979, this building has housed the accounting department.
May 9, 1997 I.A. Ivanov went to the regional museum in order to see the stand in memory of Boris Vasilyevich Petrovsky, to which he was answered: “... You know, the stand has been dismantled. Will be open in a month and a half! " After a while he learns that “… instead of Petrovsky's stand, the museum is displaying the exhibition“ Orenburg downy shawls ”. Moreover, the cost of tickets for viewing the museum expositions without scarves is 1000 rubles, and with viewing - 3000 rubles. I.A. Ivanov made a caustic conclusion: "... Explicit commerce!"
Although, the museum workers did not deserve this reproach! The time has come for the museum staff to survive in market conditions, to earn money for their subsistence.
June 12, an article by I.A. Ivanova was read on local television by journalist Alexander Nikolayevich Zhdanov. Passions around the Petrovskys' house were heating up.
On June 17, the chief physician of the TMO N.I. Dolgov, and on June 26 - the director of the museum P.F. Gribtsov. N.I. Dolgov managed to defend the interests of the department, the accounting department of the district hospital is still located in the Petrovsky house, on which two memorial plaques are installed.
The second memorial plaque is embossed: "In the period from 1908 to 1916, the Minister of Health of the USSR, Doctor of Medical Sciences, Professor, Hero of Socialist Labor, laureate of State Prizes, surgeon Petrovsky Boris Vasilyevich, Honorary Citizen of Blagodarny lived in this building."
Probably, few people have not heard about one of the most famous and talented Soviet surgeons Boris Vasilyevich Petrovsky, because in addition to a brilliant career and his enormous contribution to medicine, he held the post of Minister of Health of the USSR for 15 years, and also became a laureate of many prestigious world medical awards.
Boris Vasilyevich was born in 1908 in the city of Essentuki, Stavropol Territory. His father was also a professional doctor, and at the time of his son's birth he held the important position of chief physician of the zemstvo hospital, so that young Boris Vasilyevich from an early age was able to decide on the work of his whole life. In 1916, his family moved to Kislovodsk, where his father began working at a local rest home. Boris Vasilievich himself, after graduating from school, graduated from several professional courses, including sanitary courses, in a couple of years he changed several jobs, in parallel with this, preparing for admission to a medical university. Soon he succeeded, and already in 1930 he graduated with honors, perhaps the most prestigious in the country Moscow State University named after Lomonosov.
Study and the period of professional development
During his studies, the future doctor of sciences finally decided that he would devote his life to surgery, as one of the most difficult and voluminous medical directions... And since a good surgeon must have a huge amount of knowledge from various fields, during his years of study, Boris Vasilyevich all his free time spent in libraries and additional practical exercises, with great interest and attention studying the mass of materials important for his future work. Also during his studies, he practiced a lot and talked with senior colleagues, adopting their practical experience, and by the time of receiving his diploma, he operated much better than all the students with whom he studied. Having become a certified doctor, he trained for almost two years in the city of Podolsk, where he became a very prominent figure, and his talent was highly appreciated by senior colleagues.
In 1932, after joining the Moscow Oncological Institute, a new chapter began in the life of Boris Vasilyevich Petrovsky, in which he demonstrated himself not only as a professional and productive surgeon, but also as a talented researcher dealing with the treatment of breast cancer and methods of transfusion ... In 1937 his article, dedicated to the topic his research was published in the journal "Surgery" and received a great positive response from the scientific community. In the same year, he defended his dissertation on blood transfusion, which he was actively interested in throughout his medical career, and became a Ph.D. candidate, and a year later, a senior research fellow.
For the next several years, he acted as a leading field surgeon during the hostilities between the USSR and Finland. At that time, he was able to practice in a wide variety of operations, moreover, they had to be done under conditions of limited time and with frequent shortages. necessary materials... But from 1941 to 1945, he worked as a leading surgeon and served evacuation hospitals, putting hundreds of soldiers and officers on their feet and returning back to the front. At this time, he was able to test in practice the technologies he was developing for blood transfusion into the aorta, which turned out to be very effective and efficient, especially in conditions of hostilities, when the priority was the fastest possible treatment of the military.
Postwar years
At the end of the war, the already very well-known and respected specialist Petrovsky received the post of deputy director of the Institute of Clinical and Experimental Surgery of the USSR, in which he was mainly engaged in numerous studies. Two years later, he defended his doctoral dissertation on the topic "Surgery of vascular gunshot wounds in frontline conditions." This material was revised and published two years later, as an independent scientific work... Over the next 7 years, Professor Petrovsky changed quite a lot of prestigious positions in large research institutes. And in 1957 he was awarded one of the highest medical titles, becoming an active member of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR, and also received the title of Honorary Scientist of the RSFSR and ASSR.
In 1963, Professor Petrovsky became director of the Research Institute of Experimental Surgery, and also worked as head of the Department of Hospital Medicine at the Sechenov Medical Institute. The next few years became significant in the work of Boris Vasilyevich, because in 1964 he was the first in the world to perform a successful mitral valve replacement operation, and a year later he performed the first kidney transplant in the USSR.
Working as Minister of Health
In 1965, Professor Petrovsky took the post of Minister of Health of the USSR, where he was for more than 15 years, and successfully dealt with a variety of issues. It is worth noting that it was at this time that Soviet medicine was experiencing its best years, and of course, in many respects, all this was achieved due to the hard work of Boris Vasilyevich Petrovsky. Under his leadership, administrative work was established throughout the country, relations with foreign medical professionals from all over the world, and Soviet medicine began to be deservedly considered one of the most progressive in the whole world.
During his life, Boris Vasilievich Petrovsky wrote and published a huge number of scientific and research works, many of which made a real breakthrough in their field. He also personally created the largest school of surgery in the USSR, having trained dozens and even hundreds of professional surgeons. This man made a huge contribution to the development of Soviet and Russian medicine, and earned the title of one of the world's most outstanding surgeons.