Scientists began to deal with the issues of assessing the consequences of a possible nuclear war only in 1982. The research was carried out by large groups of scientists from the USSR, USA, Great Britain, Canada, Sweden and France. The first scientific report of the USSR Academy of Sciences was published in 1987. In the United States, research was carried out by scientific institutions of the Ministry of Defense, the National Academy of Sciences, individual institutes, groups of scientists in the fields of ecology, biology, economics, etc.

It is known that scenarios of a nuclear war can be different, therefore, the most probable ones have been selected. If we consider the most "sparing" options for a large-scale nuclear war, when within a few days in the northern hemisphere about 40% of the available nuclear weapons with a total capacity of about 5000 Mt will be detonated, then there will be the following consequences, with which most agree world scientists:

1. Direct losses from the damaging factors of nuclear explosions. In the first days, about 1 billion 150 million people will die, the same number will be seriously wounded, of which at least 70% will die. Taking into account radioactive contamination, the losses will amount to 30-50% of the world's population.

2. The "nuclear night" will come due to the smoke and dust raised into the atmosphere. Since in this case, the flow of solar energy will be blocked by 90%. The "nuclear night" will last from 1.5 to 8 months in the northern hemisphere, and from 1 to 4 months in the southern. Photosynthesis will stop both on land and in the world's oceans. As a result, all food chains will be disrupted: plants will die, then animals, there will be famine for humanity.

3. There will come " nuclear winter". The temperature will drop in the northern hemisphere by 30–43 0 С (according to the scientists of the USSR - by 15–20 0 С), in the southern hemisphere - by 15–20 0 С. it will last up to a year in the northern hemisphere, up to 10 months in the southern hemisphere, all agricultural crops will die, the earth will freeze to a depth of 1 m, fresh water will not, there will be hunger.

4. As a result of climate change in various parts of the world, the number of natural disasters will increase, primarily storms, hurricanes, droughts and floods.

5. Fires will break out. Forests will burn out (sources of oxygen and utilization carbon dioxide) on an area of ​​at least
1 million sq. Km. Fires in cities will cause the release of toxic gases in concentrations that will lead to the poisoning of all living things. The gas composition of the atmosphere will change with unpredictable consequences for the biological world.

6. The ozone layer will decrease by 17–70%. It will take at least 10 years to restore it. During this time ultraviolet radiation The sun will be 100 times more intense than under normal conditions, and it is detrimental to all life.

Severe genetic consequences, mass death of people and animals from cancer, and the degeneration of mankind are expected. True, in the first months after nuclear strikes, the ultraviolet radiation of the Sun will be absorbed by dust and soot and its influence will be insignificant.

7. According to the Swedish Academy of Sciences due to lack of fuel, drinking water, as a result of hunger, the collapse of medical supplies, etc. pandemics with unpredictable consequences will arise.

A large number of geological, paleontological and archaeological evidence indicates that about 13,000 years ago something terrible happened on the entire planet, which destroyed not only many representatives of the animal world, but also the developed civilization that existed at that time, and almost led humanity to death.

The fact that Plato attributed the death to the same time is clearly not an accidental coincidence ... Many attribute the famous Flood to approximately the same period. A total of about 200 animal species die out at this time. At the same time, when there is a mass extinction of such animals as mammoths, saber-toothed tigers, woolly rhinos, etc., there is evidence of various geological cataclysms - strong earthquakes and volcanic eruptions, giant tidal waves, rapid melting of glaciers and, as a result, a rise in the level oceans.

The finds belong to the same time. huge amount quickly frozen animal carcasses in, western Alaska and eastern Siberia. This suggests that something terrible has happened on the planet, with the Northern Hemisphere being hit more than the Southern Hemisphere appears to be.

In the 40s of the last century, American archaeologist Frank Hibben led a scientific expedition to Alaska to search for human fossils. He did not find them, but he found them in the permafrost vast spaces filled with the corpses of mammoths, mastodons, bison, horses, wolves, and lions. Many animal corpses were literally torn to pieces. And such fields permafrost with the remains of animals spread for hundreds of kilometers around ... There were trees, animals, layers of peat and moss, mixed together, as if some giant space mixer had sucked them all 13,000 years ago, and then instantly froze, turning into a solid mass.

North of Siberia whole islands are formed from animal bones carried from the continent into the Arctic Ocean. According to some estimates, 10 million animals could be buried along the rivers of northern Siberia. This indicates that a huge tsunami swept through these lands, mixing animals and plants, which then quickly froze.

But animal extinction was not limited to the Arctic. Huge piles of mixed mammoth and saber-toothed tiger bones are found in Florida. Mastodons and other animals were found quickly frozen in mountain glaciers as well.

It was a global event. Siberian mammoths and bison disappeared at the same time as giant rhinos in Europe, mastodons in Alaska and American camels. It is fairly obvious that the cause of all this extinction was a common one, and it did not happen gradually.

What could have caused such a global cataclysm?

The theory of "glacial floods" was proposed by Graham Hankock ... What could have caused such a catastrophically rapid melting of glaciers? According to American scientists Richard Firestone and William Topping, the entire Great Lakes region of North America was the site of a "nuclear catastrophe" about 12,500 years ago.

Dr. Paul LaViolette, in his book Earth Under Fire, states that he has found evidence of a different kind of cataclysm, caused by a stream of high-energy particles that hit the Earth as a result of an explosion in the core of our Galaxy. This is yet another attempt to explain the cause of the "nuclear catastrophe" in North America.

There are also suggestions that the collision of the Earth with a sufficiently large celestial body (called the figure - at least 50 meters) at a "critical angle" can also lead to a catastrophically rapid shift of the earth's crust.

The fall of the ancient Moon to the Earth led to a displacement of its axis. Otto Mack in his book "The Secret of Atlantis" (Muck, Otto, The Secret of Atlantis) writes about numerous mysterious bays in the states of North and South Carolina, which, in his opinion, are the remnants of meteorite craters. They are oval in shape and oriented in the same direction. Some researchers believe that these craters are the result of a "meteor shower" that happened about 13 thousand years ago. Amazes the number of such craters is more than 500 thousand located on the coastal plain from Georgia to Delaware.

But could even such a massive "shelling" of the Earth cause a global catastrophe with a kilometer-long tsunami, etc.? Of course, if this was in fact a consequence of the disintegration of a satellite, even not too large in comparison with the present Moon, then debris and larger ones must have come across ...

On the ground found over a hundred craters with a diameter of 2-3 kilometers, among which there are two huge: in South America(diameter - 40 km) and in South Africa(diameter - 120 km). If they formed in Paleozoic era(350 million years ago), then nothing would have been left of them long ago, since the thickness of the Earth's upper layer increases by about a meter in a hundred years.

And the funnels are still intact. This suggests that the nuclear strike occurred 25-35 thousand years ago. Taking 100 craters for 3 km, we get that 5000 Mt of bombs were detonated during the war. These facts confirm that it was. The fire blazed for "three days and three nights" (as the "Code of Rio" of the Mayan people narrates) and caused a nuclear rain - where the bombs did not fall, radiation fell. Another terrible phenomenon caused by radiation is light burns to the body. They are explained by the fact that the shock wave propagates not only along the ground, but also upward. Reaching the stratosphere, she destroys ozone layer that protects the Earth from harmful ultraviolet radiation. Ultraviolet light is known to burn unprotected skin. Nuclear explosions have resulted in a significant drop in pressure and gas poisoning of the atmosphere, killing the survivors.

People tried to escape from death in their underground cities however, downpours and earthquakes destroyed the shelters and drove the inhabitants back to the surface of the earth. Previously, scientists believed that the "pipes" operating in our time, going from caves to the surface of the earth, are of natural origin. In fact, they are made with. These "pipes" have the correct rounded shape, which is unusual for funnels of natural origin (there are many of them in the caves of the Perm region, including in the vicinity of the city of Kungur).

In Antarctica, high in the mountains, the American scientist Joseph Skipper discovered a mysterious hole. Where it leads is unknown. According to legend, inside Antarctica there are warm cavities, which contain the remains of aliens or extinct advanced civilizations... Other legends claim that Antarctica was once Atlantis.

Of course, it's hard to believe in it, but how to explain then the entrance and the oases uncovered by ice with non-freezing lakes and a rather mild climate? A team of scientists from Japan, China and radar illuminated the 5-kilometer layer of ice. It turned out that earlier on the site of permafrost there were mountains and plains with flowering meadows. Frozen plants and trees are still hidden under the ice. It's just that getting to them is almost impossible.

Atlantis before the disaster was huge state, which is why traces of this country are found on different continents. It is often mistakenly attributed to it the artifacts left over from, of which Atlantis was once a part. This is directly stated in the records of Plato, in a dialogue with the Egyptian priest.

One of the cities of Atlantis was recently discovered in Spain

A group of researchers claims that it was possible to finally establish the location of one of the Atlantean cities. He, scientists suggested, was buried under the water column as a result of the devastating tsunami. The data obtained from radar, digital mapping and other technical innovations allowed specialists to identify an entire city hidden under the swamps of Dona Ana Park, a place north of Cadiz. The complex of structures is built in the form of concentric rings - in strict accordance with the description of the ancient Greek philosopher Plato.

Historical records dating back to 360 BC became the main guide from which scientists started in their research. The Greek philosopher Plato 2.6 thousand years ago described Atlantis as “an island located opposite Pillars of Hercules". According to him, civilization was destroyed in just one day, and the city of Atlantis disappeared forever under the water column. According to these descriptions, a group of archaeologists and geologists focused their attention on the Atlantic and in the region Mediterranean Sea- and, in the end, they were lucky. According to the representatives of the research group, a natural disaster led to the death of Atlantis. An important piece of the historical puzzle is the elevated methane gas over the ancient ruins. The release of gas, scientists said, indicates that a huge number of people died at this place overnight.

7. The victorious side saved many of the red race and resettled them to the American continent.

8. After the elimination of most of the environmental consequences of nuclear war, the representatives of the white race began to actively help other peoples in raising their evolutionary levels of development, through the transfer of some knowledge and training.

Nikolai Levashov: Antlan, Atlantis. Thermonuclear war 13 thousand years ago.

As everyone knows, on this moment there is only one superpower in the world - the USA. shows that all powerful powers tried to expand their possessions as much as possible (or, as they say now, the sphere of their interests). This was the case with the Roman, British and Russian empires... America is no exception: those in power are well aware that stopping the expansion of the sphere of influence in the world means the imminent demise of a superpower.

The difference between the United States and other empires lies in the fact that, firstly, the Americans have a huge nuclear reserve, and also in the fact that the government still retained strong power within the country, and, most importantly, the foreign policy appetite that has always been inherent in our overseas "partners".

Meanwhile, two other powerful countries, Russia and China, are rising to their feet, and they do not want to give up their national interests one iota. Like two storm fronts or two tectonic plates, the interests of the great powers of our time will clash. No matter how smart a person is and no matter what brain centers are working on both sides of the fronts, a person is not yet able to overcome the old natural instincts in himself. To understand this, it is enough to look at what is happening in the world.

Why will a catastrophe happen in the near future? Let's look first at the financial markets, which, like ebb and flow, go down and up. Such cyclicality is inherent in the markets, but not only. Similarly, we observe cyclicality in wars: a crisis is followed by a war, after which a period of formation begins. Etc. The same is with earthquakes in seismically unstable regions. Considering that for quite a long time in general, mankind lived without big wars or shocks, it is logical to assume that we have come just to the very precipice, when a rapid fall comes. Financially speaking, the market is hitting a resistance level, which in most cases means a bounce down. And the stronger the growth was, the faster the fall will be.

So, there are historical, natural and even financial signals that a catastrophe is coming. But why, if in Caribbean crisis nuclear war has been avoided, then won't it happen now? Paradoxically, the answer lies in the advances in technology and knowledge that have accumulated since then. The fact is that both the Americans and the Russians realized one simple thing: a nuclear war does not always mean the complete disappearance of mankind or the death of the planet. The damage from radiation or the consequences of nuclear attacks is too overestimated due to the fact that this area is unknown to mankind. And all the unknown is overgrown with myths and horror stories.

Evidence of this is the Chernobyl disaster or the nuclear bombing of Japanese cities in 1945. Few people know that as a result of the Chernobyl accident, only 31 people died in the first 3 months, and up to 100 more during the year. These were the heroes who visited the epicenter of the radioactive fire. And, for example, life quickly returned to Hiroshima and Nagasaki, and now about 1.6 million people live there with an average life expectancy of 80 years.

In addition to these facts, one should not forget that a certain part of ballistic missiles or warheads will be shot down. A missile warning will be given in advance and most of the inhabitants will be able to hide underground. If we consider the territories of two potential adversaries - the United States and the Russian Federation, then it is also easy to come to the conclusion that after the strikes have been delivered, there will be a place where it will be possible to start new life... In addition, there are now quite effective methods on the decontamination of territories after nuclear strikes, after which you can safely return back like the same Japanese.

Everyone knows this, both the military and the politicians, so the line of starting a nuclear war has become more vague than before. They are ready to step over the red line more readily. And if the western tectonic plate continues and further its planned movement to the east, then earthquakes with nuclear fallout are definitely inevitable. Which, based on my observations, will happen in the next couple of years.

The war has become absolutely real. Scientists have studied in detail the possible consequences of more powerful explosions: how the radiation will spread, what will be biological damage, climatic effects.

Nuclear War - How It Happens

A nuclear explosion is a huge fireball that completely burns or charred objects of animate and inanimate nature, even at a great distance from the epicenter. A third of the explosion energy is released in the form of a light pulse, which is thousands of times greater than the brightness of the sun. This ignites all flammable materials such as paper and cloth. People get third-degree burns.

Primary fires do not have time to flare up - they are partially extinguished by a powerful air blast wave. But due to flying sparks and burning debris, short circuits, explosions of household gas, burning oil products, long and extensive secondary fires are formed.

Many separate fires combine into a deadly one that is capable of destroying any metropolis. Similar firestorms destroyed Hamburg and Dresden during World War II.

In the center of such a tornado, an intense release of heat occurs, due to which huge masses of air rise upward, hurricanes are formed at the surface of the earth, which support the fiery element with new portions of oxygen. Smoke, dust and soot rise to the stratosphere, and a cloud forms, which almost completely obscures sunlight. As a consequence, a deadly nuclear winter begins.

Nuclear War Leads to Long Nuclear Winter

Due to giant fires, a huge amount of aerosol will be released into the atmosphere, which will cause a "nuclear night". According to calculations, even a small local nuclear war and the explosions of London and New York will lead to a complete absence sunlight over for several weeks.

For the first time, Paul Krutzen, a prominent German scientist, pointed out the devastating consequences of massive fires that will provoke a further cascade of irreversible changes in the climate and biosphere.

That a nuclear war inevitably leads to a nuclear winter was not yet known in the middle of the last century. Tests with nuclear explosions were carried out single and isolated. And even a "soft" nuclear conflict presupposes explosions in many cities. In addition, the tests were carried out in such a way that no large fires were provoked. And only not so long ago, when working together specialists in biologists, mathematicians, climatologists, physicists managed to put together a general picture of the consequences nuclear conflict together. studied in detail what the world could become after a nuclear war.

If only 1% of the production to date is used in the conflict nuclear weapons, then the effect will be equal to 8200 "nagasaki and hiroshima".

Even so, a nuclear war would have the climatic effect of a nuclear winter. Due to the fact that the sun's rays cannot reach the Earth, there will be a long cooling of the air. All living nature that will not be defeated in fires will be doomed to freezing.

Significant temperature contrasts will arise between land and ocean, since large accumulations of water have significant thermal inertia, so the air there will cool much more slowly. Changes in the atmosphere will suppress and on the continents, immersed in the night and shackled by absolute cold, the most severe droughts will begin.

If a nuclear war had occurred in the summer in the Northern Hemisphere, then within two weeks the temperature there would have dropped below zero, and the sunlight would have disappeared altogether. Moreover, in the Northern Hemisphere, all vegetation would have died completely, and on Southern hemisphere- partially. The tropics and subtropics would become extinct almost instantly, since the flora there can exist in a very narrow temperature range and a certain illumination.

Lack of food will result in the birds having little or no chance of survival. Only reptiles can survive.

Dead forests that form over vast areas will become the material for new fires, and the decomposition of dead flora and fauna will cause the release of huge amounts of carbon dioxide into the atmosphere. Thus, the global carbon content and exchange will be disrupted. The disappearance of vegetation will cause global soil erosion.

Practically complete destruction those ecosystems that now exist on the planet. All agricultural plants and animals will die, however, seeds may remain. A sharp increase in ionizing radiation will cause serious radiation sickness and lead to the death of vegetation, mammals and birds.

Emissions of nitrogen and sulfur oxides into the atmosphere will cause destructive acid rain.

Any one of the above factors would be sufficient to destroy many ecosystems. Worst of all, after a nuclear war, they will all act together, feeding and reinforcing each other's actions.

To pass the critical point, after which catastrophic changes in the Earth's climate and biosphere will begin, a relatively small nuclear explosion - 100 Mt. For irreparable trouble, it will be enough to activate only 1% of the existing arsenal of nuclear weapons.

Even those countries on whose territory not a single nuclear bomb explodes will be completely destroyed.

Nuclear war in any form poses a real threat to the existence of mankind and life on the planet in general.

After the collapse of the USSR, many stopped taking the possibility of a nuclear war seriously. But the threat of a nuclear apocalypse exists and has not disappeared anywhere. At any moment, the powers with nuclear weapons can simply press one button and our world will change beyond recognition. But what will happen to our planet and to us if last war will it happen on Earth? Scientists have carried out various calculations, experiments and tests to find out how life on the planet will change after the bombing. Many people will survive, but their life in a shattered world will be completely different. So what's in store for us? Let's find out about this together.

Black rains

After a nuclear strike, a downpour will begin almost immediately. But the water falling from the sky will be thick (resembling oil) and black in color, and there will be so much radiation in it that it will be able to kill you. When the US dropped atomic bomb on Hiroshima, the rain began in about twenty minutes. The survivors, making their way through the remnants of their homes, were very thirsty, so much so that many opened their mouths trying to drink this strange liquid.

During a nuclear explosion, a powerful electromagnetic pulse that has arisen will disable all electrical appliances and turn off the country's electrical network. The lights will go out everywhere, all electrical appliances will turn off, sewage treatment plants will stop working ... Scientists have calculated that it will take about at least six months to partially return everything to its former course. Until that moment, you will have to live without electricity and water supply.

After a nuclear explosion, the epicenter area will receive a colossal amount of energy. Fires will break out everywhere. Everything will burn: buildings, forests. Smoke from the fires will rise into the stratosphere and a black cloud will appear at a height of fifteen meters from the surface of the Earth, which will cover the entire planet. For many years, the surviving people will not see the sun. Scientists believe that after a nuclear apocalypse, surviving humanity will see blue sky not earlier than thirty years later.

After smog and smoke block the sunlight, a nuclear winter will begin. Temperature environment can drop to twenty degrees Celsius. Plants and animals around the world will begin to die. People will begin to suffer from food shortages. Spring and summer will be like winter. This weather will last for about twenty-five years.

Due to atmospheric pollution, the destruction of the ozone layer of the Earth will begin. The planet will begin to die due to ultraviolet rays. Plants will die first, then the turn of living beings will come. Due to the destructive effects of ultraviolet radiation, the DNA of living beings will begin to mutate.

Mass famine

Due to the death of plants and animals, the surviving people will not have enough food. It takes at least five years after the end of a nuclear war to grow the right amount of food, despite frost, ultraviolet radiation and mutation. It will be a little easier for those who live near the oceans and the sea, the water in them will cool much more slowly, but still there will be a lack of meager food. In addition, without sunlight, plankton, which is the source of food for many inhabitants of the seas, will begin to die. In addition, radioactive contamination will accumulate in the water, killing the organisms living in it and making the surviving creatures dangerous for human consumption. This is why most of the surviving population of the Earth will die within the first five years.

To make it easier to survive the first five years, after a nuclear apocalypse, people can eat canned food and bottled water. Scientists conducting experiments have found that if you leave bottled water near the epicenter of the explosion, then despite the fact that the bottle of water will be covered with nuclear dust, its contents will be usable. Canned foods are believed to be just as safe as bottled drinks. In addition, the survivors can use water from deep underground wells to quench their thirst.

Despite the amount of food available, the surviving population of the planet will suffer from cancer. After a nuclear explosion, a large amount of radioactive dust will rise into the air, which will then begin to settle all over the world. This dust will be so small that it will be difficult to see, but the level of radiation in it will be high to kill living things. At the moment, it is not yet known how long the radioactive dust will begin to settle: the later this happens, the more chances we have of survival. For example, if the dust begins to settle after 15 days, then its radioactivity will decrease a thousand times.

The weather will turn bad

The first years after the war, the Earth was not expected by powerful hurricanes and typhoons. It will rain almost every day. Many survivors will die due to bad weather conditions.

Humanity will survive

In the event of a nuclear war, approximately five hundred million people will die immediately, and several billion more will die during the first years from hunger, cold and disease. But despite this, a certain number of people will survive. Yes, there will not be many of them, but this number will be enough to start a new era of humanity. Enough to start over.

About thirty years after the end of the nuclear war, the black clouds will dissipate, the ambient temperature will return to normal, new plants and animals will appear, and forests will grow again. Life will continue and humanity will be reborn. But our world will never be the same again. It will be new era humanity! We will again begin to invent devices to make our life easier (which we have already invented once), we will again begin to build our world, so that someday in hundreds or thousands of years we will again be on the verge of a new nuclear war!