73) The problem of unscrupulousness.

Chekhov's essay “Gone” tells about a woman who completely changes her principles in one minute.

She tells her husband that she will leave him if he does at least one despicable act. Then the husband explained to his wife in detail why their family lives so richly. The heroine of the text “went ... to another room. For her, living beautifully and richly was more important than deceiving her husband, although she says quite the opposite.

In Chekhov's story "The Chameleon" of the police overseer Ochumelov, there is also no clear position. He wants to punish the owner of the dog who bit Khryukin's finger. After Ochumelov learns that the possible owner of the dog is General Zhigalov, all his determination is lost.

74) The problem of the influence of music.

What does the music tell you about? What feelings does she express? What is its role in human life? The outstanding Russian prose writer Viktor Petrovich Astafiev reflects on this in his work.

The author's position is that music can tell stories, complain, get angry, evoke love, hatred, remorse, teach kindness and love for the homeland. Music can force a person to act to change the world, "so that these fires would go out, so that people would not huddle in burning ruins, so that the sky would not throw up explosions." The author also comes to the conclusion that with music that sounds like a reminder of the homeland, a person will never be left an orphan.

I agree with the opinion of V.P. Astafieva. The importance of music in human life cannot be overestimated. The entire history of mankind is closely related to music. Music was born before the mind and therefore is closely related to feelings and subconsciousness. Song and dance among primitive people played an organizing role. An echo of this is, for example, singing on camping trips, soldiers' songs, the music of regimental bands. In the Middle Ages, music became a philosophical category, an abstract concept. Much has been attributed to her. Ancient Greece is a perfect example: Orpheus was able to make stones cry; Pythagoras mathematically calculated the impact on the human psyche of various musical modes and sound combinations; perky flutes of Spartan boys who accompanied the brave warriors of Tsar Leonidas to death. At the present time, the realm of human feelings is given over to music.

Even in the life of animals, music plays a significant role, affects it in a special way: cows are milked better, chickens begin to rush better, plants are drawn to the receiver with Mozart's music. It was not for nothing that Leo Tolstoy wrote that "music is a shorthand for feelings."

Thus, music is of great importance in our life. V. Klyuchevsky said: "Music is an acoustic composition that evokes an appetite for life in us, just as well-known pharmaceutical compositions induce an appetite for food."

The influence of the teacher on the fate of the student is the most important problem that is often raised by the authors of texts to prepare for the Unified State Exam in the Russian language. For each of its aspects, we have selected arguments from the literature. They can be downloaded in the form of a table, the link is at the end of the collection.

1. The teacher often influences the future life of his students. The role of the teacher is on par with the importance of parental care and the impact of the environment. A striking example can be found in the story of Ch. Aitmatov "The First Teacher"... The main character, himself reading by syllables, without special knowledge, is trying to turn the old barn into a school. In severe winters, he helps children cross icy rivers and tries to give them knowledge in every possible way. Once he saves an orphan Altynai from rape and her aunt's desire to forcefully marry the girl. The hero, overcoming obstacles, sends her to study in the city, thereby saving her life. In the future, Altynai will become a doctor of sciences and during the construction new school will call her after his first teacher - Duchene.
2. The teachers who helped us in childhood are remembered for a long time. So it is for V.G. Rasputin his wise teacher played crucial role in the life of the author. He devotes his autobiographical story to her. "French lessons". main character, having learned that with the help of gambling, one of her students is trying to earn a living, does not punish the boy. On the contrary, she tries to talk to him and help. Secretly, she sends the boy a package with food and even with the help of a little trick gives him money so as not to hurt his pride. Of course, having learned about her methods of upbringing, namely about gambling with a student, the director fires the teacher, but she still does not leave the hero in trouble, helping him to get a decent education.

Negative influence

1. We are accustomed from childhood that a teacher is a noble profession. However, do not forget about human nature, which can manifest itself negatively anywhere. The difference in attitudes towards students in different people in the work DI. Fonvizina "Minor"... Three teachers are trying to teach the main character in different sciences: Tsiferkin, Kuteikin and Vralman. Soon realizing that the hero is very stupid, lazy and hopeless in his studies, they stop trying and only pretend that they are teaching the boy. The teachers themselves are also poorly educated, but the education of her son is not particularly important to the mother of Mitrofan. When Starodum denounces dishonest teachers, only Tsiferkin refuses to take money for training. After all, he was never able to transfer his knowledge to the student.
2. Children quickly and easily adopt behavior, moral principles from their teachers. Unfortunately, such upbringing is not always positive. Let's remember the main character of the same name novel by A.S. Pushkin's "Eugene Onegin". Talking about the upbringing of a young man, the author mentions that his teacher was a Frenchman who treated everything "jokingly". He tried to present the material to him in an easy manner, did not particularly strain, did not force him to work. Onegin was never severely punished, did not talk about morality, but only took him to stroll through the summer gardens. As a result, we see a superficial man who is used to enjoying life in an easy way and does not care about others.

Feat of the teacher

1. A teacher is not only a mentor, for many he is a hero, ready to do much for the sake of his students. In the story "Obelisk" by V. Bykov Morozov does not abandon his students with the onset of war, he continues to teach. When five of his guys are captured by the Nazis, he agrees to come after them, realizing that he is going to his death. He realized that if he refused, then the enemies could use this situation for evil. And Morozov sacrifices himself for the good of his school and country. Even if he cannot save the children, he will at least encourage and support them in this test.
2. The desire to convey to others the foundations of a correct, noble life can already be considered a feat. In the novel by Chingiz Aitmatov "Plakha" the main character Avdiy gets a job at a newspaper. On one of the assignments of the editorial office, he is sent to investigate a drug trafficking case. On the way, he meets Petrukha and Lyonka - two ragamuffins with a dark past who went to get marijuana. Obadiah, based on his past training at the seminary, tries to instruct the children on the true path, he encourages them to live by the rules, to turn to God. However, all the nobility of the hero does not save him, because of the righteous speeches he finds his death. And yet his attempt shook the worldview of these people, because for the first time in their life someone tried to pull them out of the abyss of moral decline.

The role of the teacher

1. In F. Iskander's story "The Thirteenth Feat of Hercules" the author talks about the teacher's unusual approach to teaching. He never punished children, but only joked with them. One of the students was so afraid of becoming a laughingstock because of the unfulfilled homework, which turns out to be a whole "scam" with vaccinations. Despite all his efforts, he is nevertheless called to the board, where he cannot cope with the task. The teacher calls this whole situation the thirteenth feat of Hercules, committed out of cowardice. Only years later, the main character realizes that the teacher wanted to show them that they should not be afraid to be funny.

There are many professions in the world that can be mastered by learning and gaining experience. But there are those in which perfection can be achieved only with a special calling. One of them is the teaching profession. You can learn the program, read the outstanding works of famous teachers and educators, work at school for many years, but you cannot learn love and respect for a person, the ability to see in little boys and girls as self-valuable and unique personalities, learn to carefully and carefully penetrate the vulnerable and bright world of the nursery. souls. Such a teacher, a teacher from God, was Lidia Mikhailovna - a young, not very beautiful teacher French... She faces a difficult choice: to punish a student addicted to the forbidden gambling, or to help a capable and purposeful, but poor boy continue his studies and not die of hunger. The first way is easy and simple, it will seem to many for granted. However, for Lydia Mikhailovna there is no such choice at all. She objectively assesses the abilities and inclinations of all her students, penetrates deeply into their souls and therefore perfectly understands that this boy, emaciated from hunger, was not playing for money for the sake of profit: “How many well-fed loafers in our school who understand nothing and they will probably never think, but you are a talented boy, you can’t drop out of school ”.

The unconventional act of the teacher remains incomprehensible to everyone who finds out about it. "It is a crime. Deposition. Seduction ... "- says the angry director, learning that the French teacher is playing" wall "with his student. Can you prove to him that for an anemic boy this is the only way to get money for bread and saving milk ?!

It is not so important that the teacher had to leave school. Much more important is the fact that she left a bright, unforgettable trace in the student's soul, faith in herself and in people, helped him in the bitter moments of loneliness and homesickness, supported him in the hungry post-war time. The image of a teacher has forever remained in the soul of a modest, patient, kind and purposeful boy and, probably, more than once helped him in achieving his bright and lofty goals.

Option 2

Everyone knows how important the work of teachers is. They open the doors for us to a wonderful and fascinating world of knowledge, instill in us the most important human qualities - kindness, hard work, purposefulness, mercy. It is difficult to overestimate their role in the life of every child.

VG Rasputin tells about all this in the story "French Lessons". The French language teacher Lidia Mikhailovna is a wonderful, attentive teacher, a sensitive woman. She respects children, tries to understand them, knows how to value honesty, pride, perseverance. She tries “not to take herself seriously, to understand that ... she can teach very little *. Lydia Mikhailovna played a huge role in the life of one of her students - an eleven-year-old boy who came to the city to study. She managed not only to instill in him a love for her subject, a thirst for learning everything new, but also made every effort to help the boy survive in the hungry post-war years. Learning that the constant feeling of hunger pushed him to play for money, the teacher did not scold him and drag him to the director, but began to act in a different way: she collected the parcel for the boy, and then even decided to play "wall" with him, so that honestly won penny he was able to buy himself milk.

I was delighted with the dedication, sensitivity and kindness of Lydia Mikhailovna, who sacrificed her reputation and a profitable place of work for the sake of a student's life. I am sure that the boy was able to appreciate the teacher's deed and draw the correct conclusion regarding what is the highest life values and what to strive for.

Acquaintance with the profession of a teacher in a literature lesson. Valentin Rasputin "Lessons of French" Teacher of Russian language and literature Likhobabenko Natalya Nikolaevna Topic of the lesson V.Rasputin "Lessons of French". How I see a modern teacher Valentin Grigorievich Rasputin I wrote this story in the hope that the lessons taught to me in due time will fall on the soul of both a small and an adult reader! The objectives of the lesson are to reveal the spiritual values, moral laws by which the heroes of V. Rasputin live  Create the image of a modern teacher  Valentin Grigorievich Rasputin Born on March 15, 1937 in the village of Ust-Uda, Irkutsk Region. After graduating from Ust-Uda secondary school, he enters the Faculty of History and Philology of Irkutsk State University. While still a student, he collaborates in the newspaper "Soviet Youth". Valentin Grigorievich Rasputin After university he worked as a correspondent for "Soviet Youth", editor at the Irkutsk television studio, in Krasnoyarsk newspapers. The birthplace of the writer is a small village on the banks of the famous Angara River. From the history of the story ... The story, the heroine of which was Lydia Mikhailovna, I dedicated to another teacher, Anastasia Prokopyevna ... The story "French Lessons" was first published in 1973 in the Irkutsk Komsomol newspaper "Soviet Youth" in the issue dedicated to the memory of Alexander Vampilov. Anastasia Prokopyevna is his mother. Looking into the face of this amazing woman, more than once I remembered my teacher and knew that the children were good with both. Lidia Mikhailovna "There was no cruelty in her face ..." All neat, smart, beautiful both in clothes and in appearance. The scent of her perfume reached me, which I took for the very breath; besides, she was not a teacher of some kind of arithmetic or history, but of the French language, from which there was also something special, fabulous, beyond the control of. The main character An eleven-year-old boy for the first time, by the will of circumstances, is torn away from his family, torn out of his usual environment. However, the little hero realizes that he is entrusted with the hopes of not only his relatives, but also the entire village: after all, according to the unanimous opinion of his fellow villagers, he is called to be “ a scientist ". The hero makes every effort, overcoming hunger and homesickness, so as not to let his fellow countrymen down. Mark Sergeev   "What do you want?" - life asked me. And I answered her: "I want everything: heights that are not easy, like kindness, forests that surround, like doubts, roads, sometimes leading nowhere, palms that, when they meet, give a heart." Life in the regional center The mother of the protagonist sent him food and money. But the boy was still starving due to the fact that the master's children carried from him everything that was sent to him from the village. Lesson questions   What feelings does the hero feel when he is in the regional center? Why didn't he come home? Because of hunger, he got involved in a gambling game. He was invited by the son of the owner of the apartment. At first he just watched, and then, having delved into the game, he began to play. He won and lost. If he won 1 ruble, he immediately ran home. The authoritative Vadik did not like this and the boys decided to beat the main character. Waking up, the boy saw in the mirror that his nose was swollen, there were many abrasions and a black eye. He did not want to go to school, but the boy did not dare to miss classes. The first was a French lesson. Before the lesson, Lydia Mikhailovna carefully examined all the students, and immediately noticed the boy's bruises. He did not tell what happened to him, and lied that he fell. But Tishkin (classmate of the protagonist), told about the fight Lydia Mikhailovna. After school, the teacher talked to the boy and found out that he was starving and was playing to buy himself milk. First, she sent him a parcel containing pasta, sugar, hematogen. The boy decided that his mother had sent the package, but later realized that it was Lydia Mikhailovna, and went to her. She tried to help the boy, but he stubbornly refused to accept any help. Then Lydia Mikhailovna decided to help the boy in another way. Lydia Mikhailovna plays for money with the main character to help him survive. Once, immersed in the game, they did not hear a knock on the door. It was the headmaster of the school. Soon Lydia Mikhailovna left. And in the middle of winter, after the January holidays, the boy received a package. There were pasta and 3 red apples. Before he saw apples only in pictures ... Lesson questions     Having exhausted the possibilities to help the hero legally, Lydia Mikhailovna decides on a desperate act. What rules does she break? Is she doing the right thing? Did the director behave fairly in this situation? What lessons did Lydia Mikhailovna teach the hero? Kindness Lessons Lydia Mikhailovna is an unusually kind and sympathetic person. the teacher deliberately, sacrificing her reputation, violated all school, traditional rules - she began to play with her student for money. Lessons of Kindness The boy combines the light, cheerful carelessness characteristic of childhood, faith in the kindness of people and childish serious reflections on the troubles brought by the war. Lessons of Kindness The story helped Rasputin find that very teacher. She read the story and recognized herself in it; I just didn’t remember sending him a parcel of pasta. True good on the part of the one who creates it has less memory than on the part of the one who accepts. Valentin Grigorievich Rasputin “The reader learns from books not life, but feelings. Literature, in my opinion, is, first of all, the education of feelings. And above all, kindness, purity, nobility ”What should be a good teacher? 1. Kind 2. Responsive 3. Attentive 4. Fair 5. Wise Excerpts from the essays of 6b grade students “I will try to be like Lydia Mikhailovna, because in our time there are very few such amazing people” “I believe that the director did the right thing with Lydia Mikhailovna. There must be order in the school "

Composition of the Unified State Exam according to the text:"It seems that I was in the fifth grade, when we had several new young teachers who had just graduated from the university. One of the first to appear was Vladimir Vasilievich Ignatovich, a chemistry teacher ..."(after V.G. Korolenko).
(I.P. Tsybulko, option 36, task 25)

We all study at school, go through this important life period. What influence does the teacher have on us, on the formation of our characters? How are conflicts between teacher and students resolved? This is the problem that the Russian writer V.G.Korolenko raises in his article. There was a conflict in the class between teacher and student. The teacher was able to put himself in this situation in such a way that the student Zarutsky realized his mistake and asked for an apology from the teacher.

The position of the author is clearly expressed in the article. A respectful attitude on the part of the teacher creates conditions for the formation of the best qualities in the character of students: the ability to perform an honest act not under external pressure, but at the behest of their own conscience. The teacher influences the formation of the character of students by his behavior, personal example, manner of speech, attitude towards children.

I completely agree with the author of the article. Teachers must be respectful of students in order to build self-esteem in their characters. Disrespectful attitude of the teacher leads to conflict situations which can be very difficult to resolve.

You can recall works from fiction where this problem is revealed. M. Kazakova in her book "It's Difficult with You, Andrey" tells about a boy who was uncontrollable. He was rude to teachers, often ran away from lessons, did not give in to upbringing at all. But a young teacher of Russian language and literature could see in this boy a kind and sympathetic young man who is capable of heroic deed... The main thing is to see him in a person good qualities, to open them, not to let the door slam shut, which is often knocked on.

Or take Rasputin's short story "French Lessons." The teacher Lidia Mikhailovna, having learned that the student is in poverty, tries to help him. The boy is very proud and cannot accept help from the teacher. Then the teacher turns study into a game, moreover, a game of chance. The headmaster decides it is a crime and the teacher loses her job. She leaves for the Kuban to her native village. And even from there he sends parcels with fruit, tries to support him.

Yes, the teacher-student relationship is often dangerous. But the most important thing here is a sensitive attitude towards children. Only then will the child open up and not withdraw into himself.