The Russian Guard is the flower and pride of the Russian Armed Forces, the personification of indestructible military power, mass heroism and military valor. Her combat traditions serve as a model of loyalty to military duty and the Fatherland for the soldiers.

History and traditions of the Imperial Guard

"Guard" in translation from Italian - guard, guard, the elite privileged part of the troops. It arose with the emergence of slave states, when special guards (bodyguards) appeared under the monarchs and military leaders. For example, in ancient Greece it was called a “sacred detachment”, in Ancient Persia it was a 10-thousandth corps of “immortals”, in the army of Alexander the Great - a 6-thousandth corps, which included heavy infantry (giraspists) and heavy cavalry (getters). In ancient Rome, Guy Marius had a cohort of praetorians.

In the Middle Ages, special units of selected warriors existed in many armies. They were owned by the generals of Byzantium, Charlemagne, Genghis Khan and others.

The term "guard" first appeared in the 12th century in Lombardy (Italy). Initially, it meant an elite military detachment that guarded the state banner. With the creation of standing armies, the guard was divided into palace (to protect the monarch) and military (elite army units). It existed in almost all European states - in France, Italy, Prussia, England and others.

The Russian Guard (Russian Imperial Life Guard) existed from 1721 to March 1917. It was created by Peter I in 1696-1700 on the basis of the Preobrazhensky and Semenovsky "amusing" regiments. The Russian guard received its baptism of fire in the battle of Narva in 1700, where it saved the Russian army from complete destruction. For this feat, the officers of the regiments were awarded a badge with the inscription "1700 November 19". Peter I ordered the guardsmen to wear red stockings instead of green ones as a sign that they fought knee-deep in blood.

In the 18th century, the Russian Guard took part in all the wars of the Russian Empire. Guards regiments trained officers for the entire army and were staffed almost exclusively by nobles, for whom military service was compulsory. From the mid-30s of the 18th century, the rank and file of the Guard also began to be replenished with recruits from the tax-paying estates, and after the publication in 1762 of the manifesto on the liberty of the nobility, this method became the main one. The social composition of the guard provided it with great political influence. The support of the guard predetermined the success of all the palace coups of that time. As an elite part of the Russian army, the guard enjoyed great privileges. For example, according to the Table of Ranks in 1722, officers of the Guard had a seniority over army officers of two ranks. With the formation of the Young Guard in 1813, its officers received a seniority of one rank. This order existed until the end of the 19th century, when Alexander III curtailed the privileges of the guards.

In the 19th century, the full force of the Guards participated in all the wars that Russia waged with Napoleon. She especially distinguished herself in the Austerlitz (1805) and Borodino (1812) battles, in the battles at Kulm (1813) and Gorny Dubnyak (1877).

At the beginning of the 20th century, individual units of the guard took part in the Chinese campaign (1900) and the Russian-Japanese war (1904 -1905). During the First World War (1914 - 1918), the troops of the Guard successfully operated in the Battle of Galicia, Warsaw-Ivangorod, in Lodz in some operations. In the summer of 1916, as part of the Special Army, the Guard participated in the Brusilov breakthrough.

During the First World War, significant changes took place in the organization of the guard. In connection with serious personnel losses, representatives of the peasantry and the working class began to be called up to replenish it. The soldier masses of the Guard bore the hardships of the war on a par with the entire Russian army and ceased to be a stronghold of tsarism. This seriously affected the political mood in the guards environment. As a result, after the victory of the February Revolution of 1917 and the tsar's abdication from the throne, the guard did not even attempt to intervene in the course of events. The Provisional Government kept it, abolishing the prefix "leib" and the name "Imperial". After the conclusion of the Brest Peace Treaty in 1918 and the demobilization of the old tsarist army, the guard was disbanded.

During the 1917 revolution, the Red Guard appeared in many large cities of Russia. It was recruited from workers on a voluntary basis on a territorial basis (by factories) and was the main force of the Land of Soviets. On the basis of the detachments of the Red Guard at the beginning of 1918, the first units and formations of the Workers 'and Peasants' Red Army were formed, many of whose fighters and commanders later became; prominent Soviet military leaders. After the introduction of compulsory military service on July 10, 1918, the Red Guard as a form of organization of the armed forces was gradually abolished.

The military uniform of the Guardsmen has always been a symbol of honor, dignity, discipline, and the expression "the honor of the uniform" was identical to the concept of "honor deserved on the battlefield." After all, they, the guards, the only one in the Russian army, were granted not only red stockings, but also a white edging. It was considered the property of sailors and reminded the guards infantry of its valiant participation in the naval battles of Peter I. In memory of the Narva Victoria in 1704, officers of the Preobrazhensky and Semenovsky regiments wore special badges.

It should be noted that with the introduction of new types of weapons in the army, they first of all went to the guard. So, in the Russian-Turkish war of 1877-1878. the guards regiments were already armed with the improved Berdan No. 2 rifle, while the army units were still armed with old rifles.

The guardsmen sacredly cherished the honor of their regiment, its ancient traditions. The regiment's name was on the battle banner and was a matter of special pride for all personnel. The naming of the regiment in memory of its military merits was considered an outstanding event. The first duty of every guardsman was to protect the regiment's military banner. These and other glorious traditions of the Russian Guard were continued by the Soviet Guard.

History and traditions of the Soviet and Russian guards

The Soviet guard was not born in the thunder of salutes and honors. The first guards formations arose during the Battle of Smolensk in 1941 - at a time of mortal danger for the Fatherland, at the most difficult, most difficult stage of the Great Patriotic War, when our army, in unfavorable conditions for itself, stubbornly, at the cost of incredible efforts and great sacrifices, held back the sudden, treacherous, gradually prepared enemy invasion. There, near Yelnya, as a result of the counterattack of the Western and Reserve fronts, for the first time a large enemy grouping was defeated, and the city was liberated.

On September 18, 1941, the People's Commissar of Defense of the USSR issued order No. 308, which noted the special military valor of the 100th, 127th, 153rd and 161th rifle divisions, which showed massive heroism, examples of courage, courage in battles for the Motherland, discipline, organization, high military skill of the personnel. By this order, distinguished formations, which were commanded, respectively, by Major General I.N. Russiyanov, Colonels A.Z. Akimenko, N.A. Hagen, P.F. Moskvitin, were renamed the 1st, 2nd, 3rd and 4th Guards Rifle Divisions. At the same time, by decision of the Supreme Command Headquarters, the formation of guards mortar units began.

One of the first in the Red Army on November 18, 1941, the title of 8th Guards was given to the legendary 316th Rifle Division under the command of Major General Ivan Vasilyevich Panfilov, who bravely fought against the Nazi invaders on the outskirts of Moscow in the Volokolamsk direction. 28 Panfilov heroes performed an unparalleled feat at the Dubosekovo junction, stopping the advance of 50 enemy tanks. And the words of the political instructor V.G. Klochkova: "Russia is great, but there is nowhere to retreat - Moscow is behind!" have become synonymous with courage, heroism and fortitude.

The Soviet Guards became irresistibly stronger and matured in all branches of the Armed Forces and branches of the armed forces. The name "guards" was given to units, ships, formations and formations that distinguished themselves in the battles and battles of the Great Patriotic War, as well as newly formed according to special states. Over the four years of the Great Patriotic War, 11 combined-arms and 6 tank armies, dozens of rifle, cavalry, tank, mechanized, aviation corps, divisions and individual units, 18 warships were awarded the honorary title of "guards".

The Great Patriotic Guard is a galaxy of heroes whose names will never fade. Among them is Yuri Vasilyevich Smirnov, the junior commander of the Red Army, who performed a heroic feat as part of the 77th Guards Rifle Regiment of the 26th Guards Rifle Division, forever enlisted in his lists. On the night of June 24, 1944, being part of a tank landing when breaking through the enemy defense in the Orsha direction in the battle for the village of Shalashino, he was seriously wounded and captured by the enemy. During interrogation, despite cruel torture, the courageous warrior did not give the enemy military secrets. The embittered Nazis crucified him on the wall of the dugout, and stabbed his body with bayonets. For his courage, loyalty to the soldier's duty, military oath and heroism, he was awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union.

The guardsmen were full holders of the Order of Glory, Heroes of the Soviet Union, guard senior lieutenant Ivan Grigorievich Drachenko and guard foreman Pavel Khristoforovich Dubinda. I.G. Drachenko, a talented air attack fighter, named after the loss of one eye by air admiral Nelson, fought as part of the 140th Guards Assault Aviation Regiment of the 8th Guards Assault Aviation Division. P.Kh. Dubinda fought after escaping from captivity, first as a squad leader, then as a platoon commander of the 293rd Guards Rifle Regiment of the 96th Guards Rifle Division on the 1st and 3rd Belorussian Fronts.

All of them revived and multiplied the best fighting traditions of the Russian Guard. In the feats of arms of their ancestors, our guardsmen set high examples of steadfastness and fearlessness, loyalty to their people. For successful actions, many guards units (ships), formations, and formations were repeatedly noted in the orders of the Supreme Commander-in-Chief, were awarded state awards, were awarded honorary titles for the capture of cities, forcing rivers.

For servicemen of the guards units, in May 1942, the "Guard" badge was established. In the Navy until 1943, they were served by a rectangular plate (gilded for the commanding staff and silvered for the private) with an orange moire ribbon with black longitudinal stripes. The sailors and foremen of the guard ships wore moire tape on their peakless caps. For all servicemen of the guards units, ships and formations, distinctive military ranks were established, which were formed by adding the word "guard" before the corresponding military rank, and an increased salary was established for them.

On June 11, 1943, a sample of the Guards Red Banner was established, which became the military insignia of the unit. The Regulations on Guards Red Banners said: "The Guards Red Banner obliges all personnel of the Guards armies and corps to be a model for all other units and formations of the Red Army." The ceremony of presenting the Guards Banners included a new tradition - the oath of personnel to the Guards Banner. Not knowing fear, the guardsmen fought heroically under their banners.

The creation of the Soviet guard has become one of the important measures in the field of military development. It played a huge role in strengthening the combat capability of the army and navy. Guards regiments, ships, divisions, corps and armies inflicted crushing blows on the enemy, served as an example of selfless devotion to the Motherland, unshakable will to victory, fortitude and perseverance. The Soviet guards were sent to the most difficult sectors of the front and everywhere carried out combat missions with honor. It was not for nothing that they said during the war: “Where the guards are advancing, the enemy cannot resist. Where the guards defend themselves, the enemy cannot pass. "

People of high duty - such were the front-line guardsmen. Those who are entrusted to serve in the guard today strive to be such. With their military labor, they continue the glorious traditions of previous generations of guardsmen and make a worthy contribution to strengthening the might of the Russian Armed Forces.

In peacetime, the transformation of military units and formations into guards is not carried out. In order to preserve military traditions, the guards ranks of units, ships, formations and formations are transferred to new military units during reorganization with direct succession in terms of personnel.

So, in October 1986, he returned to his homeland, having exemplarily fulfilled his international duty in Afghanistan, the guards motorized rifle regiment, in which the company commander served as the Hero of the Soviet Union, senior lieutenant N.M. Akramov. During the Great Patriotic War, the soldiers of the regiment as part of the famous 13th Guards Rifle Division, commanded by General A.I. Rodimtsev, fought to death in Stalingrad, participated in the Battle of Kursk, the crossing of the Dnieper, distinguished themselves in the liberation of the Polish city of Czestochowa and celebrated Victory Day in Prague.

The children and grandchildren of the front-line soldiers had a chance to provide international assistance to the Afghan people. The war work of the young guardsmen was not easy. During their stay in the Republic of Afghanistan, the soldiers of the regiment, guarding the columns carrying fuel and food to the cities and villages, removed and destroyed more than two thousand dushman mines and land mines. Many soldiers, sergeants and officers of the unit were awarded Soviet and Afghan orders and medals.

The soldiers-guards showed examples of courage and heroism in the performance of their international duty in Afghanistan. At a critical moment, they deliberately sacrificed themselves in order to save the subordinates entrusted to them. So, saving the lives of the soldiers of the company, the guard senior sergeant Alexander G. Mironenko and two of his subordinates entered into battle with the dushmans. The moment came when the cartridges ran out. Twice wounded, Alexander lay with a grenade in his hand behind a stone. He waited for the spooks to come closer. With the last grenade, he blew up himself and his enemies. For this feat, committed on February 29, 1980, the deputy platoon commander of the reconnaissance company of the guards parachute regiment A.G. Mironenko was posthumously awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union. He is forever enlisted in the lists of the Guards military unit.

Will we ever forget about the feat of contemporaries of the 6th Company of the 104th Guards Parachute Regiment near Ulus-Kert? It is inscribed in a golden line in the modern history of the Armed Forces of Russia, in the centuries-old chronicle of its guard.

In the battles for the freedom and independence of the Motherland, guard military traditions have developed, which have been helping commanders to educate courageous and skillful fighters for more than a decade, and the Guard of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation is the successor and continuer of the military traditions of their predecessors.

Guards units and ships are true laboratories of combat experience: creative daring, tireless search for new methods of fighting, effective use of weapons - these are what always distinguishes guardsmen. Serving under the banners of the Russian Guard is both a great honor and a great responsibility.

The traditions of the Russian Guard, its unfading glory are the legacy and heritage of every warrior, of all our units and ships. To serve as a guard today means to have the highest combat qualifications, to master equipment and weapons. The covenant of the front-line guardsmen - to keep the powder dry, to be ready at any moment to join the battle and heroically fight for the freedom and independence of the Fatherland - should be fundamental for the current defenders of the Fatherland.

Each military rank has a number of nuances that are characteristic only of this step in the hierarchy, and the senior sergeant is no exception. This rank is awarded to the soldier who is the second most important in the platoon - the deputy commander. Most often, such a person has closer ties with subordinates than the command, and solves small and medium problems. He also knows quite well what the soldiers under his command live and can predict their behavior in different situations.

General information

Senior sergeant is a military rank applied to junior officers in the army of the Russian Federation and is found in a number of other post-Soviet countries. To clarify the type of troops, or official position, it is customary to add additional words to the rank.

How to call art. sergeant, depending on the place of performance:

1. "Guards" are added to the rank if a person is currently working in a land military unit or serving on a ship.
2. After the rank, add "medical service" if Art. the sergeant is in the reserve, but has a medical degree.
3. After the title, add "justice" when a person in the reserve has an education in the legal field.
4. Supplement "in reserve" if the officer is not in the army and does not have a specialized education.
5. The rank is added "retired" if the person is no longer liable for military service (does not allow him to serve in the army for a number of years, health or other reasons).

This position sounds different in the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia - Chief Petty Officer. Regardless of the name, this person performs the same function as in the army - the deputy commander.

To whom and how the title is assigned

Each position has its own set of instructions, according to which the command staff is guided. And for the assignment of the rank of senior sergeant, a certain length of service is required, namely, a person must spend at least 3 years in an active military unit.

When this deadline comes, and if the senior in rank has no objections, then the serviceman is handed new shoulder straps. The decision to change the position can also be influenced by the position held, the availability of education, additional qualifications or more specific reasons.

Early assignment

Sometimes, when a sergeant has shown himself well, and the command is confident that this position is too low for his abilities, he may be awarded an extraordinary rank.

Reasons for early assignment:

1. The assignment of a new rank is influenced by the performance of the serviceman, and his behavior in accordance with the charter.
2. The soldier has specific knowledge that goes beyond the scope of his official duties, and can be useful at a higher level of the hierarchy.

Only the management can assign a new rank if they have well-grounded reasons for this. In this case, the award of a new rank is possible if the person already has a rank one step lower than the one assigned. According to the regulations, the military must serve in all previous positions before receiving a new one.

There are cases when early awarding of a rank is postponed if a soldier lacks education. Then he is sent to training, after which he is promoted.

Postponement of assignment, demotion and deprivation of rank

Seniority is considered the standard reason for a title. But sometimes even she cannot help a person in moving up the career ladder. This is hindered by the following reasons:

1. Systematic violation of discipline, which led to the entry into a personal file. It is believed that a soldier who is unable to monitor his own behavior will have a destructive effect on a platoon if he becomes a deputy commander.
2. The presence of claims from the civil legal system, expressed in the initiation of a criminal case.
3. There are signs of misconduct, which leads to verification of all actions. Until the result is obtained, a new title cannot be awarded.

They can be downgraded if a person is dismissive of his duties, which entailed disciplinary action. Often such a measure is taken when they want to replace an unsuccessfully selected soldier with a more competent one. After that, the rank can be restored only after a year, if, in the opinion of the command staff, the person has changed his behavior.

They can be deprived of their rank for crimes that have caused disruption to the work of the army. Another reason for the deprivation of all ranks is the confession of criminal guilt for the military. Restoration in rank is possible only after serving the sentence, and by decision of the commanders of the military unit.

Conditions for obtaining the title

A senior sergeant can receive shoulder straps only after completing special courses. After all, it is the knowledge gained that distinguishes the sergeants from the rank and file. For non-commissioned officers, specialized exercises are sufficient. The direction can be received only from a senior in rank, for the manifestation of the qualities necessary in leadership positions.

Before getting the position of Art. sergeant, the soldier must serve as a sergeant for at least six months. If a person proves himself as an exceptionally useful frame, then he will be awarded an extraordinary title.

Decals

There are 20 steps in the army, from the lowest - a private, which includes cadets, to a marshal of the Russian Federation. Each of these levels has its own distinctive marks. They are grouped according to the responsibilities that are assigned to people. So, the senior sergeant belongs to the subgroup "sergeants and foremen", which is united by similar shoulder straps.

The meaning of the signs on the shoulder straps:

• has 2 narrow transverse stripes on shoulder straps;
• the sergeant has 3 narrow transverse stripes;
• Art. the sergeant receives shoulder straps with 1 wide transverse stripe;
• the foreman has one longitudinal stripe.

How shoulder straps should look like:

1. For the uniform used in field conditions, the color of the shoulder straps corresponds to the camouflage coloring of the fabric.
2. The stripes have a trapezoidal shape, and there is always a button on them.

At the bottom of the shoulder straps is a place with a distinctive letter, by which you can determine which branch of the army the officer belongs to:

• F - fleet;
• The Armed Forces are the armed forces.

What does the border color mean:

1. The blue tint of shoulder straps means that the owner belongs to an aviation unit or a landing party.
2. The Navy has insignia with white twine.
3. Red is for all other types of troops.

Shoulder straps are an important part of the form - they were originally intended to help hold the straps of the backpack and the weapon sling. This helped in field conditions not to fear that the belt would slide off the shoulder or begin to rub. Later they came up with another function - designation of positions. Therefore, this attribute is not only a utilitarian thing, but also an indicator of status, therefore the military is sensitive to this part of the uniform.

Senior Sergeant is the last officer rank that can be obtained by seniority. Further promotion depends only on the demonstrated abilities, and without special education, the only position that Art. the sergeant is the sergeant major. Further advancement requires a visit to a special school.

She became the only woman - the commander of a marine corps platoon during the Great Patriotic War, when she was not yet 17 years old. She began the war with "Comrade Evdokim" and ended with Lieutenant Dusya. The Nazis gave her the terrible nickname Frau "Black Death", and her fellow soldiers considered her "their boyfriend." This fragile little girl fearlessly rose to meet the bullets and led the attack of experienced fighters, but most of all she was afraid that one of her charges would notice that she was ... afraid. Her name appeared twice (or thrice) on the tombstones of mass graves, and she again returned to service, to her "black jackets".
... Colonel of the Marine Corps Evdokia Nikolaevna Zavaliy could not "get used to" losing her friends in battle. Only 16 of her children survived until the end of the war. In the end, she was left alone from the special platoon of the 83rd Marine Brigade. Lieutenant Dusya did not live to see the 65th anniversary of the Victory in just 4 days ...
Dusya got to the war quite a girl. She was barely 15. She is still a child. But with her requests to send her to the front, she literally tormented the military commissar.
- Oh, defender of the Motherland! - already as an acquaintance met the military commissar Dusya, - and how old is this defender?
- Seventeen!
"And yesterday it was fifteen! If things continue like this, then in a couple of days you will reach draft age," the military said to her, smiling, "and you will have to positively resolve your question.
And so it happened. When the last military unit left Novy Bug with bloody battles, the girl begged the commander to be taken with them.

In the cavalry regiment, Evdokia served as a nurse. She was wounded by a shrapnel in the stomach.
- The head physician examined me: “Well, that's it, girl, I fought back. Get the letter and blow home. " “I have nowhere to go! Send to the front! ”- Zavaliy answered then.
Evdokia Zavaliy ended up in a reserve regiment. Here she received her first award - the Order of the Red Star: she pulled out a seriously wounded officer from the bombing. Here the fighter Dusya quite accidentally reincarnated as the fighter Evdokim: after the hospital, the girl was not much different from the others: the same tunic and breeches, on her head - a "hedgehog" with a forelock - so that the lice would not pester. And then they came to select the fighters on the front line.
- One sailor opens my letter and reads: "Senior Sergeant Zavaliyevdok." It was in the hospital that my name was so abbreviated. "Fill up Evdokim?" And I told him, without batting an eye: “That's right, Comrade Commander! Fill up Evdokim Nikolaevich! " - "I give fifteen minutes to get ready!"
The newly-minted soldier was given uniforms, ammunition and sent ... to the bathhouse. The deception is about to be revealed. And with the Soviet command, jokes are bad - a firing squad!
- I stand neither alive nor dead with my basin, and the guys in what their mother gave birth to wash are running past, - Zavaliy recalls. - I looked at the tent of the medical battalion and dared to pick out my face in the blood, so that there was no time for the bath. In the medical battalion, my wounds were treated, and two and a half hours later, near the village of Goryachy Klyuch, senior sergeant Evdokim Zavaliy fought as part of the sixth airborne brigade ...
Zavaliy managed to keep his secret for almost a year. Until the next injury. But by that time she had already become “her boyfriend,” a desperate fighter and an experienced intelligence officer. The 17-year-old sergeant major of the company Zavaliy was wounded when, instead of the deceased commander, he removed his company from the encirclement. The exposure took place in the hospital.

In the fall, the 43rd goleutenant Dusa was entrusted to command a platoon of the 83rd Marine Brigade of the Red Banner Danube Flotilla.
- The sailors came across to me as a selection: tall, strong, desperate lads. The guys from the neighboring platoons at first laughed at us: "Dus'kin platoon!" But time passed, and they began to call it respectfully: "Dusin's guards." And my submachine gunners called me in a man's way - the commander, and sometimes affectionately Evdokimushka, - Zavaliy recalled.
When the Germans learned that the commander of the "black jackets" in vests was a woman, they announced a real hunt for her. Zavaliy later admitted herself: if not for her children, she would have been killed a hundred times.
- I raise them to attack: "Follow me!". And they all climb up after me, catch up and bypass me, protecting from bullets, fearless, desperate ... Each of my fifty-five submachine gunners still stands before my eyes, although none of them is already dead. Here is Vanya Posevnykh ... When he appeared in the platoon, he measured it with a contemptuous glance: "Baba is reluctant to obey!" And in the battles for Budapest, he covered me from a sniper shot by exposing his chest ...

The platoon of Guards Lieutenant Evdokia Zavaliy was always at the forefront of hostilities, served as a battering ram during the offensive of the Marine Corps Brigade. They were sent to where it was especially difficult. The Kerch-Eltigen landing operation is one of the largest during the Second World War, the storming of Sapun-Gora during the liberation of Sevastopol, the capture of the German command headquarters during the Budapest offensive operation - one of the bloodiest ...
She, Lieutenant Dusya, never lagged behind her desperate fighters, but she was still afraid. True, she admitted this after several decades. In the way she hid her tears under a raincoat, so that, God forbid, someone would not see and suspect of weakness.
- I just had no right to be weak, afraid. But all the same I was afraid ... Most of all - rats. I couldn't help myself, the rats for me were worse than the Germans - they were hungry, threw themselves in the face at night, gnawed at the heels. Brr! Better not to remember ...
The military past did not leave Evdokia Zavaliy for a long time: for many years she went on the attack at night. Until I met my future husband. 2 children, 4 grandchildren and 4 great-grandsons - this is the wealth of Lieutenant Dusya, for which she again and again raised her platoon to attack ...

In order to know exactly how, according to the charter, it is necessary to contact a serviceman, it is necessary to understand the ranks. Ranks in the Russian army and shoulder straps provide clarity in relationships and allow you to understand the chain of command. In the Russian Federation, there is both a horizontal structure - military and naval ranks, and a vertical hierarchy - from the rank and file to the highest officer.

Rank and file

Private- This is the lowest military rank of the Russian army. Moreover, the soldiers received this title in 1946, before that they were addressed exclusively as soldiers, or as Red Army men.

If the service is carried out in a guards military unit or on a guards ship, then when referring to a private, it is worth adding the same word "Guards"... If you want to contact a serviceman who is in reserve and has a diploma of higher legal or medical education, then you should contact - "Ordinary justice" or "Private medical service"... Accordingly, it is worth adding the appropriate words to the one who is in the reserve or retired.

In the ship composition, the rank of private corresponds sailor.

Only the senior soldiers who perform best in the military are promoted to Corporal... Such soldiers can act as commanders during the absence of the latter.

All additional words that were applicable to the private remain relevant to the corporal. Only in the Navy, this rank corresponds Senior sailor.

The one who commands a squad, or a combat vehicle, receives the title Lance Sergeant... In some cases, this title is awarded to the most disciplined corporal upon transfer to the reserve, if during the service such a staff unit was not provided. In the ship's composition it is "Foreman of the second article"

Since November 1940, the rank for junior command personnel has appeared in the Soviet army - sergeant... It is awarded to cadets who have successfully completed the training program for sergeants and graduated with honors.
A private can also receive the title - Lance Sergeant, which proved to be worthy to be awarded the next rank, or upon transfer to the reserve.

In the Navy, the sergeant of the ground forces corresponds to the rank foreman.

Next comes the Senior Sergeant, and in the Navy - chief petty officer.

After this rank, there are some intersections of land and sea forces. Because after the senior sergeant, in the ranks of the Russian army appears Sergeant Major... This title came into use in 1935. It is deserved only by the best military personnel who have served excellently in sergeant positions for six months, or upon transfer to the reserve, the rank of sergeant is assigned to senior sergeants, certified excellently. On the ship it is - chief petty officer.

Followed by ensigns and warrant officers... This is a special category of military personnel, close to junior officers. Rounding out the rank and file senior warrant officer and midshipman.

Junior officers

A number of ranks of junior officers of the Russian army begin with the rank Ensign... This title is awarded to undergraduates and graduates of higher military educational institutions. However, in the event of a shortage of officers, a graduate of a civilian university can also receive the rank of junior lieutenant.

Lieutenant can only become a junior lieutenant who has served a certain amount of time and received a positive education certificate. Further - senior lieutenant.

And he closes the group of junior officers - Captain... This title sounds the same for both land and naval forces.

By the way, the new field uniform from Yudashkin obliged our servicemen to duplicate the insignia on the chest. There is an opinion that the "underdogs" from the leadership do not see the ranks of our officers on their shoulders and this is done for their convenience.

Senior officers

Senior officers start with a rank Major... In the navy, this rank corresponds to Rank 3 captain... The following naval ranks will only increase the rank of the captain, that is, the rank of land Lieutenant colonel will match Rank 2 captain, and the title Colonel – Captain 1 rank.

Senior officers

And the top officer corps completes the hierarchy of military ranks in the Russian army.

Major general or Rear admiral(in the navy) - this is the proud title of servicemen who command a division - up to 10 thousand people.

Above the Major General is Lieutenant general... (The Lieutenant General is higher than the Major General because the Lieutenant General has two stars on his shoulder straps and the Major General has one).

Initially in the Soviet army, it was more likely not a rank, but a position, for the Lieutenant General was an assistant to the general and took on some of his functions, in contrast to Colonel General who can personally fill senior positions, both in the General Staff and in the Ministry of Defense. In addition, in the Russian Armed Forces, the Colonel General can be the deputy commander of the military district.

And, finally, the most important serviceman with the highest military rank in the Russian army is Army General... All previous links are obliged to obey him.

About military ranks in video format:

Well, salaga, now figured it out?)

The history of the first guards units in the Russian army dates back to the existence of the imperial system. It is reliably known that the first such units were two and the Preobrazhensky, which were founded during the reign of Peter I. Even then, these regiments showed considerable endurance and heroism in battle. Such divisions existed until Bolshevism came to power in Russia. Then an active struggle was waged against the remnants of the tsarist regime, and the guards units were disbanded, and the very concept was forgotten. However, during the Great Patriotic War, the question of encouraging distinguished soldiers arose sharply, since many soldiers or entire units fought bravely even against the superior forces of the enemy. It was during this difficult time that the sign "Guard of the USSR" was established.

Institution in the guards rank

In 1941, the Red Army suffered a series of defeats from the Wehrmacht and retreated. The decision to revive the old tradition of the Soviet government arose during one of the most difficult defensive battles - the Battle of Smolensk. Four divisions especially distinguished themselves in this battle: 100th, 127th, 153rd and 161st. And already in September 1941, by order of the Supreme High Command, they were renamed the 1st, 2nd, 3rd and 4th Guards Divisions with the assignment of the appropriate rank. At the same time, all personnel were awarded the "Guard" badge, as well as special salaries: for privates - double, for officers - one and a half. Later, this sign also began to adorn the banners of distinguished units (since 1943).

During the war years, many units were awarded the rank of guards who showed courage and heroism in battles against the invaders. But the story of the elite formations in the Red Army does not end there. Guards were awarded during other armed conflicts. They continued until the collapse of the USSR. The badge "Guard" was awarded to any recruit who ended up in the unit, but only after he passed the baptism of fire, and in such as the aviation or navy, these requirements were even more stringent. Moreover, in this regard, there was no difference between officers and ordinary soldiers.

Breastplate "Guard": description

In total, there are several varieties of this award: during the Second World War, post-war, as well as modern signs. Each of them has its own differences, since the design has changed over time, and yes, and they were produced at different factories. Below will be described a sample of 1942 release.

So, this honorary award is a sign made in the form of a laurel wreath covered with gold enamel. The upper part is closed by a fluttering color on which "Guard" is written in gold letters. The entire space inside the wreath is covered with white enamel. In the center stands the Soviet army in red with gold edging. The left rays of the star are crossed by the staff of the banner, which is intertwined with a ribbon. Two cords extend from it, which hang down on the left branch of the wreath. At the bottom there is a cartouche on which the inscription "USSR" is engraved.

When assigning any part of the guards rank, the emblem depicting the award was also applied to military equipment - tanks or aircraft.

The dimensions of the sign are 46 x 34 mm. It was made of tombak - an alloy of brass, copper and zinc. Its properties did not allow the award to rust. For attachment to clothing, a special pin and nut were attached. The award was worn on the right side of the garment at chest level.

The project was developed by S. I. Dmitriev. One of the options for the execution was an almost similar sign, but the profile of Lenin was placed on the banner. However, Stalin did not like the idea, and he ordered to replace the profile with the inscription "Guard". This is how the award received its final form.

Privileges and features

For those who had the USSR Guard badge, special privileges were entrusted. The award was retained for the person who received it, even if he left the guard service. The same applied to the transfer of a soldier to another unit. The award was also worn in the post-war period. In 1951, the government of the USSR issued a law deciding to temporarily stop handing over the "Guard" badge, doing this only in exceptional cases. This procedure was observed until 1961, when the Minister of Defense R. Ya. Malinovsky approved an order according to which the right to wear the badge came into force when serving in a guards unit. It did not apply to the participants of the Second World War.

We should also mention the presentation. It was carried out solemnly, with a general formation of the entire unit, with banners unfurled. In addition to the award itself, the fighter was also presented with a document containing the relevant information about the award and confirming it. But over time, the delivery itself turned into a routine and lost its "ritual" meaning.

Modernity

Now, when the glory of past events is fading, it can be purchased from various private merchants. Since one of the most massive awards is just the "Guard" badge, its price is usually low. It depends on several characteristics: the time and method of production, the history of the award, and who is selling it. The cost starts at an average of 2,000 rubles.

Outcome

The sign "Guard" testified to the heroism, military training and valor of the person wearing it. During the existence of the USSR, units awarded the title of Guards were considered elite, and the soldiers who served in such units were treated with great respect.