Double is short. Dostoevsky's story "The Double". Duality problem. Artistic originality. Reception at Rutenshpitz

The titular counselor considers himself a small person, but at the same time wants to realize his high ambitions. However, the dastardly double that appears destroys his reputation in high society. The tale consists of thirteen chapters. The author called it "Petersburg Poem".

The titular adviser Yakov Petrovich Golyadkin wakes up in his apartment on a gray autumn day. The mirror reflects "a sleepy, half-blind and rather bald figure", and its owner remains, apparently, pleased with her. Taking out his wallet, Mr. Golyadkin finds 750 rubles in it - a "notable sum"!

Yakov Petrovich goes to see his doctor, Krestyan Ivanovich Rutenshpits. With him, Mr. Golyadkin speaks inconsistently, gets confused, calls himself a humble, unpretentious man: “... I love calmness, not secular noise. There they have ... you need to be able to polish the parquet flooring with your boots ... you need to be able to compose a smothered compliment, sir ... I did not learn all these tricks. " Yakov Petrovich continues: “... I’m even proud that I don’t big man, but small. Not an intriguer - and I'm proud of that too ... ”The nephew of Andrei Filippovich, Golyadkin's chief, intends to woo Klara Olsufievna. Golyadkin is outraged by this matchmaking. Golyadkin notes that they spread rumors about his "close acquaintance", as if he "gave a subscription to marry, and he is already the groom on the other side," and his bride is a shameless German woman Karolina Ivanovna. Golyadkin leaves, leaving Krestyan Ivanovich bewildered and thinking that the doctor is stupid.

Mr. Golyadkin goes to Olsufy Ivanovich Berendeev, but he is not allowed. In honor of the birthday of his daughter, Klara Olsufyevna, a dinner and a ball are held in the apartment of the state councilor. At this time, Mr. Golyadkin is standing in the hallway of Berendeev. Having made up his mind, Yakov Petrovich secretly enters the dance hall. Immediately all eyes are directed at him, "our hero" is huddled in a corner, feeling "like a real insect." Golyadkin was thrown out into the street.

Mr. Golyadkin is running, "fleeing from enemies." It is a terrible November night - "wet, foggy, rainy, snowy." Mr. Golyadkin "not only wanted now to run away from himself, but even to be completely destroyed." He stands for a long time on the embankment and stares unconscious into the muddy black water. On the way, Golyadkin meets a passer-by, mincing like him, along the sidewalk, a little with a little bit. Yakov Petrovich meets the stranger several times. Finally, he finds him in his apartment on Shetilavochnaya Street: it was "none other than himself, ... another Mr. Goliadkin, ... his double in all respects."

In the morning Golyadkin comes to his department. Here appears new person- yesterday's double of Yakov Petrovich, who has exactly the same surname. However, there is no surprise among colleagues. After a working day, the doppelganger wants to explain himself to Yakov Petrovich, and "our hero" invites Golyadkin Jr. to his home for a conversation.

The guest's name is the same: Yakov Petrovich. Mr. Golyadkin feeds his guest with dinner and gives him punch, imbued with sympathy for him: “You and I, Yakov Petrovich, will live like a fish with water, like brothers; ... we will be cunning, at the same time we will be cunning ... in spite of them we will lead the intrigue ... ".

In the morning, Yakov Petrovich does not find his guest. Now Golyadkin Sr. regrets receiving a twin. He goes to work and in the doorway runs into Golyadkin Jr., but he does not notice yesterday's hospitable host. Now Golyadkin Jr. is trying to curry favor with his superiors in an unfair way: he gives out a well-composed paper of the real Golyadkin as his own. In front of other officials, Golyadkin Jr. exposes the twin to a mockery: he pinches the cheek in front of everyone and gives a click on the abdomen. Then, assuming a busy look, disappears. But the real Golyadkin cannot afford to offend himself and decides to protest. After the service, he intends to explain himself to Golyadkin Jr., but he leaves him in a carriage.

"... he has such a playful, nasty disposition, - he is such a scoundrel, ... a licker, a sycophant, he is such a Golyadkin!" - thinks about his enemy Yakov Petrovich. Yakov Petrovich writes him a letter demanding an explanation. He gives the letter to the servant Petrushka and orders him to find out the address of the titular adviser Golyadkin. Petrushka reports that Golyadkin lives on Shetilavochnaya Street, but this is the address of the real Golyadkin! Deciding that the bum is drunk, Yakov Petrovich leaves him.

Half asleep, Golyadkin sees that he is in pleasant company, but each time one famous person appears and denigrates Mr. Golyadkin. He wants to run wherever his eyes look, but around him "an abyss of completely similar" has formed.

Golyadkin wakes up at one in the afternoon. With horror, he realizes that he is late for the service. He approaches his department and through a clerk passes the letter to Mr. Golyadkin Jr.

Already at dusk, Yakov Petrovich enters his department. Co-workers look at him with some kind of offensive curiosity. Among the officials appears Mr. Golyadkin Jr. and holds out his hand to the real Yakov Petrovich. He warmly and in a friendly way shakes her. “Suddenly, with unbearable impudence and rudeness,” the doppelganger pulls out his hand and shakes it off as if he got dirty, then wipes his fingers with a handkerchief. The offended Golyadkin Sr. seeks the sympathy of his colleague, Anton Antonovich Setochkin, but he openly condemns his indecent act in relation to two noble persons.

Having caught up with Golyadkin Jr., Yakov Petrovich offers to explain himself in the coffee shop: “… I have never been your enemy. Wicked people described me unfairly ... For my part, I'm ready ... ”The enemy repeats the morning joke with a handshake, repeatedly insulting the namesake, and disappears. Suddenly Golyadkin Sr. discovers a letter that the clerk had given in the morning. In it, Klara Olsufyevna asks to save her from death, from a person opposite to her, and assigns Golyadkin a date at two o'clock in the morning. After reading the message in the tavern, Yakov Petrovich sees the sex next to him. Deciding that he had not paid for the dinner, he reaches into his pocket and finds a bottle with the medicine prescribed for him by Krestyan Ivanovich four days ago. "A dark, reddish-disgusting liquid gleamed with an ominous glow ..." The bubble falls out of the hands and breaks.

Yakov Petrovich, thinking about Klara Olsufievna, notes the spoiledness of young romantic persons who have read French novels. He hires a carriage, travels to his excellency and asks for protection from enemies. His Excellency promises to consider the case, and Yakov Petrovich is expelled to the front. Golyadkin rushes to Berendeev to wait for Clara Olsufyevna's signal. Soon Yakov Petrovich is noticed, and Golyadkin Jr. asks him to come in. Golyadkin Sr. is sitting next to Olsufy Ivanovich, all eyes are turned to them. Finally, "Rides, rides!" Sweeps through the crowd. Krestyan Ivanovich appears in the room and takes Yakov Petrovich away with him. A twin runs after the carriage for a while, but soon disappears completely. Here the hero notices with horror that this is not the old one, but another, terrible Krestyan Petrovich: “Alas! He had a presentiment of it for a long time! "

The fantastic story "The Double" refers to the early works of Dostoevsky. It was written in 1846 and was later revised by the author before publishing it as part of his collected works. The writer has repeatedly emphasized that the idea of the story seems to him significant, and more seriously he "did not carry out anything in literature." Let's do it now brief analysis the story "The Double".

The plot and composition of the story "The Double" by Dostoevsky

The plot of the story is that a little official, Yakov Petrovich Golyadkin, begins to have a split personality. The narrative develops in two planes: the outer and inner life of the hero. External events common: a conversation with a doctor about a possible marriage, a visit to a service, a visit to the prospective bride. Inner life full of worries, worries, fears. It seems to Golyadkin that the double hinders him in every possible way: for example, he is promoted in the service, shamelessly using the papers prepared by the unfortunate hero. The development of the internal plot is largely due to the monologues of Yakov Petrovich.

Analysis of the story "The Double" must necessarily include a discussion of the composition. It can be considered mirrored. The story "The Double" begins with a conversation between Golyadkin and the doctor, and ends with the doctor taking his patient away. If at first the doctor Krestyan Ivanovich seemed friendly to him, then in the finale it seems scary and hostile. Coming to a state councilor is also built on the principle of mirroring events. In the three days that the first and last events separate, the hero has changed, and the world looks unrecognizable to him.

The main character in the analysis of Dostoevsky's The Double

The surname of Yakov Petrovich Golyadkin is derived from the Old Russian "golyadka", which is explained in V. Dahl's dictionary as "gol", "poverty". The main character is a small person, an insignificant official, the image is typical for Literature XIX century. He reveals a clear connection with the hero of Gogol's story "The Overcoat" Akaki Akakievich Bashmachkin. Common is their downtroddenness, timidity, shyness. But Dostoevsky's hero is more complicated. He wants to break out of the oppressive atmosphere, rise from " little man"To a representative of" high society ". In this he should be facilitated by a profitable marriage to Klara Olsufyevna, the daughter of the official Berendeev. Being ridiculed, kicked out of the ball in the house of the "bride", where he barely managed to get in, Golyadkin does not abandon this obsession, which leads him to madness. This is how a double appears in the story.

If you are analyzing Dostoevsky's The Double, then keep in mind that the famous literary critic M.M. Bakhtin noted that the concept of duality is based on parody. That is, the double is designed to show the essence of the character, to reveal his deepest aspirations. Golyadkin junior begins to actively act, to embody those desires that Golyadkin senior could not realize. The double becomes a reflection of the base motives lurking in the minds of the little official, crushed by his social position. Thus, Dostoevsky opens the topic of the human "underground".

All moral prohibitions have been lifted in Golyadkin Jr. This is also evident from the analysis of the story. He is ready to curry favor, flatter, flatter, flatter, suck up to the authorities. Everyone is fascinated by him and does not notice his meanness. He is sly, fidgety, ready to deceive and humiliate Golyadkin Sr. But he still agrees to peacefully come to an agreement with a terrible double at any moment. Here the writer is psychologically accurate: the double in any way makes his way into high society, where our hero cannot get. The double is the alter-ego of the hero, hated by him, but he cannot abandon the dark side of his personality.

You have read the analysis of Dostoevsky's "The Double", and in this article we have tried to convey in a concise and understandable language the main ideas that help to clearly imagine the author's intention and his goals. You can find more material by visiting our Literature Blog.

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Illustration by A. Karapetyan

Very briefly

The titular counselor considers himself a small person, but at the same time wants to realize his high ambitions. However, the dastardly double that appears destroys his reputation in high society.

Yakov Petrovich goes to see his doctor, Krestyan Ivanovich Rutenshpits. With him, Mr. Golyadkin speaks inconsistently, gets confused, calls himself a humble, unpretentious man: “... I love calmness, not secular noise. There they have ... you need to be able to polish the parquet flooring with your boots ... you need to be able to compose a smothered compliment, sir ... I did not learn all these tricks. " Yakov Petrovich continues: “... I am even proud that I am not a big man, but a small one. Not an intriguer - and I'm proud of that too ... "The nephew of Andrei Filippovich, Golyadkin's chief, intends to woo Klara Olsufyevna. Golyadkin is outraged by this matchmaking. Golyadkin notes that rumors were spread about his "close acquaintance", as if he "gave a subscription to marry, and he is already the groom on the other side," and his bride is the shameless German woman Karolina Ivanovna. Golyadkin leaves, leaving Krestyan Ivanovich bewildered and thinking that the doctor is stupid.

Mr. Golyadkin is running, "fleeing from enemies." It is a terrible November night - "wet, foggy, rainy, snowy." Mr. Golyadkin "not only wanted now to run away from himself, but even to be completely destroyed." He stands for a long time on the embankment and stares unconscious into the muddy black water. On the way, Golyadkin meets a passer-by, mincing like him, along the sidewalk, a little with a little prick. Yakov Petrovich meets the stranger several times. Finally he finds him in his apartment on Shetilavochnaya Street: it was "none other than himself, ... another Mr. Golyadkin, ... his double in all respects."

In the morning Golyadkin comes to his department. Here a new person appears - yesterday's double of Yakov Petrovich, who has exactly the same surname. However, there is no surprise among colleagues. After a working day, the doppelganger wants to explain himself to Yakov Petrovich, and "our hero" invites Golyadkin Jr. to his home for a conversation.

Golyadkin wakes up at one in the afternoon. With horror, he realizes that he is late for the service. He approaches his department and through a clerk passes the letter to Mr. Golyadkin Jr.

Having caught up with Golyadkin Jr., Yakov Petrovich offers to explain himself in the coffee shop: “... I have never been your enemy. Evil people described me unfairly ... For my part, I am ready ... ”The adversary repeats the morning joke with a handshake, repeatedly insulting the namesake, and disappears. Suddenly Golyadkin Sr. discovers a letter that the clerk had given in the morning. In it, Klara Olsufyevna asks to save her from death, from a person opposite to her, and assigns Golyadkin a date at two o'clock in the morning. After reading the message in the tavern, Yakov Petrovich sees the sex next to him. Deciding that he hadn’t paid for lunch, he reaches into his pocket and finds a bottle of medicine prescribed by Krestyan Ivanovich four days ago. "A dark, reddish-disgusting liquid gleamed with an ominous glow ..." The bubble falls out of the hands and breaks.

Petersburg, autumn. The titular adviser Yakov Petrovich Golyadkin is sent to the doctor Krestyan Ivanovich Rutenshpits. At the reception, the adviser complains about a society in which intrigue and flattery are valued, while he, being absolutely ingenuous, cannot reach heights there. But he is not upset, as he is proud of himself for his honesty. The doctor is confused by his reasoning, while Golyadkin decides that Krestyan Ivanovich is simply stupid.

Golyadkin goes home and on the way sees the strangely familiar gait of a passer-by. He will see this stranger several more times until he finds him in his apartment and realizes that this is his absolute double. At work, no one will be embarrassed by the presence of two identical people with the same name. Golyadkin invites a double to his home, where, rejoicing at the guest, he will indulge in dreams of their friendly life together.

Golyadkin soon regretted his sympathy for his double, since Golyadkin Jr. began to curry favor with their superiors in dishonest ways and publicly humiliate him. The elder Golyadkin tries to explain himself to the younger, but he fails.

Arriving at work the next day, Golyadkin notices the curious and contemptuous looks of his colleagues, which makes him uncomfortable. Seeing the twin stretching out his hands to him, the Elder rejoices, but realizes that it was a trap - the double again insults him in front of everyone, accusing him of some bad deed.

Frustrated, Golyadkin drops the medicine prescribed by the doctor from his pocket, and the bottle breaks. After that, he goes to Berendeev's home. It is surprisingly coldly received, but then an unfortunate double comes out and invites him to pass. Someone shouts "Coming!" Doctor Rutenshpitz enters the house and takes Yakov Petrovich away. At first Golyadkin junior runs to Oza in a carriage taking them further and further, but soon disappears. Yakov Petrovich understands that another Krestyan Petrovich is sitting in front of him, not the one he knows, and realizes that he had a presentiment of this for a long time.

In "The Double" to Dostoevsky F.M. fully managed to reveal the problem of "duality" and spiritual "podillia", characteristic of his further work.

Picture or drawing Twin

Analysis of the story

Dostoevsky made his unique work "The Double" very difficult to understand. Its summary will be presented below.

However, there is something to think about and reflect on, because Dostoevsky delves too deeply into the human soul, trying to pull out from it everything that many of us do not want to see and notice. And therefore, it is not so easy to come to the right conclusions right away.

Dostoevsky was 24 years old when he wrote this story, or a poem, as he himself called it. It was published in the journal Otechestvennye zapiski after Poor People. In the image of the hero Golyadkin, the writer used the character traits of the writer Ya. P. Butkov, whose fate was a little similar to the life of the protagonist. And he wrote mainly on the topic of a little man - a petty official, the capital's poor, who was constantly in material need, always trembling with the people in charge. He knew this topic very well, because he himself was.

"The Double" (Dostoevsky): a summary

The main character, Yakov Petrovich Golyadkin, holds the position of titular adviser. By himself, he is a harmless, simple-minded and gentle person. To himself, he repeatedly said that he is a straightforward person, not an intriguer and wears masks only for a masquerade, as is customary in secular circles. On every occasion he tries to pass off these qualities as his own virtues.

Golyadkin feels himself to be a small, weak and unprotected person. His unconscious fears, oppressed ambitions and complexes showed in him a morbid suspiciousness and a tendency to see insult in words, gestures and actions. It constantly seems to him that there are intrigues going around against him, that they are digging under him.

Reception at Rutenshpitz

One gray autumn day, the hero wakes up at home, goes to the mirror, looks into it and sees his "sleepy, half-blind and rather bald figure" there, but, be that as it may, remains satisfied with it. And then he takes out his wallet and counts 750 rubles in it, with the words that there is a notable amount.

This is how Dostoevsky's story The Double begins its development. The summary further tells that the hero is getting ready and going to see his doctor - Krestyan Ivanovich Rutenshpits.

When he meets him, he begins to talk to him abruptly, confusedly and constantly gets confused. He calls himself a humble and unpretentious person who loves calmness, and not secular noise, where you need to be able to make a sincere compliment, and he did not learn this trick. Then, without stopping, he begins to talk about the fact that he is a small person, not an intriguer, which is what he is proud of. Golyadkin is outraged by the matchmaking of his boss's nephew, Andrei Filippovich. They say that there are rumors about a "close acquaintance" that he signed up to marry, and he is already the groom on the other hand, and the bride is simply shameless German Karolina Ivanovna. Then Yakov Petrovich leaves, thinking that the doctor is stupid and does not understand anything, which leaves Krestyan Ivanovich in complete bewilderment.

And then Golyadkin goes to a dinner party and a ball to state councilor Berendeev Olsufy Ivanovich in honor of the birthday of Klara Olsufyevna, his daughter. But the servant on the threshold tells him that he was not ordered to let him in. Then Yakov Petrovich decides to sneak inside. The ball is crowded, and the eyes of people immediately stop at Golyadkin. He huddles in a corner out of fear and feels like a bug. And then he is completely kicked out into the street.

Someone

So what is next summary Dostoevsky's "double" continues with a description of nature. The night was terrible, November, foggy, cold and wet. Golyadkin flees from "his enemies". He also wanted to run away from himself, or even "be destroyed". For a moment he stopped and began to look into the muddy black water of the river.

This is where that same mysterious double appears. Dostoevsky (the summary also conveys this) saturates his work with one very strange and curious event.

Suddenly, the upset Yakov Petrovich notices that a passer-by is walking along the sidewalk with a light little trinket, who will then meet him several times on the way. And the worst thing for him was meeting a stranger at home. And this Someone turned out to be his double in all respects - another Golyadkin Yakov Petrovich.

And in the morning he met him at his office at work. This was a new employee with the same name and appearance, but among his colleagues he did not cause any bewilderment.

After work, the double expressed a desire to explain himself to Yakov Petrovich, who immediately invited him to his home.

Dinner

The owner looks after the guest, gives him punch and feeds him with dinner, and is so imbued with sympathy for him that he offers to be brothers with him, to start intrigues against enemies, and at the same time to cheat. Early in the morning, the guest quietly left. Now Golyadkin's double begins to curry favor with the authorities in the lowest way, weaves insidious intrigues, humiliates him in front of other officials: now he pinches him on the cheek, then clicks on the abdomen.

The real Golyadkin could not bear such insults: after the service, seeing the double on the stairs, he tries to strike up a conversation with him, but he unceremoniously gets into the carriage and leaves.

Now this double often runs from the authorities on important and special matters. Dostoevsky's summary of the strange events is heating up to the point of impossibility. Exhausted to the extreme, Yakov Petrovich writes a letter to his double-offender, in which he asks for an explanation. He tells Petrushka to find out his address. The servant soon reports that he lives on Shetilavochnaya Street, but Golyadkin realizes that this is his address, and decides that the idler Petrushka is drunk and does not at all understand what he is saying.

Letter from a woman

In the morning Golyadkin overslept and was late for service. In his department, he hands over a letter to Mr. Yakov Petrovich's double. Co-workers look at the real Golyadkin with haughty curiosity, but he seeks sympathy from everyone, but does not find it. With his double, he tries to explain himself in a coffee shop, but in vain.

After Golyadkin discovers a letter from Klara Olsufyevna, who tearfully asks to save her and makes an appointment for him. He reached into his pocket and found a bottle of medicine that Krestyan Ivanovich had prescribed for him a few days ago. It falls out of hand and breaks.

Yakov Petrovich hires a carriage and goes first to his excellency to ask for protection, but he is expelled into the hall. Then Golyadkin rushes to Berendeev and waits for a signal from Klara Olsufyevna. But soon the guests noticed him, and his double asked to go to Olsufy Ivanovich. He comes in and sits down next to him. Soon, the crowd rushes: "Rides, rides!" Krestyan Ivanovich appears in the room, who takes Yakov Petrovich with him. At this time, a double runs behind the carriage, but soon he also disappears. A the main character with horror he realizes that Krestyan Petrovich is somehow different, not at all like the old one. Golyadkin understands that he had a presentiment of this for a long time.

Fyodor Dostoevsky brings such a sad note to his work. "The Double" (the summary, as we see, ended very sadly for the protagonist) is the work that could brilliantly finish your literary career, as the critic Belinsky would say. However, for Dostoevsky it was only the beginning ...

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