Living in a world with HIV great amount people - more than 40 million people, which corresponds to the population of Argentina and exceeds the number of Polish citizens. According to the UN, Russia is one of the countries in which the infection is spreading at the fastest pace. According to this indicator, the Russian Federation ranks third, and seventh in terms of the incidence of the disease.

The incidence of HIV is an indicator that reflects new cases of detection of antibodies to the causative agent of the disease per 100 thousand people inhabiting the country and certain regions.

The prevalence of the HIV epidemic is an indicator that allows you to estimate the total number of people whose body was affected by a retrovirus in a country or region. It is also calculated per 100,000 people. For the calculation, data from Rosstat, which carries out epidemiological surveillance of HIV infection, are used.

The epidemiological situation of HIV infection in the Russian Federation

At the end of December 2014, 742.631 thousand people were infected, of which 78.648 thousand cases were found in the institutions of the Federal Penitentiary Service. During the year, 522,611 patients were under medical supervision. In 1987-2014 210.136 thousand infected people died. The causes of death are different, but all of them developed against the background of the defeat of the body by a retrovirus. The overall mortality rate is determined according to the data of Rosstat and the constituent entities of the Russian Federation.

In 2006, the HIV situation worsened as the number of cases increased. On average, the number of patients increased by 10% over 12 months. In 2014, 92.613 thousand people with antibodies to HIV were added to the indicated number of infected people. When compared with the data of 2013, 10.915 thousand more infected people were found, which corresponds to 11.8%.

In 2014, 63 patients with infection were recorded per 100,000 people. A year earlier, their number was 56 patients, while in Europe an average of 100,000 people became infected 16. The HIV epidemic is beginning to progress in the country and the situation is getting worse every year.

Most often, the infection is found in people whose age ranges from 25 to 44 years. It is worth noting that in some patients (13.3% of cases), the defeat of the body by a retrovirus is determined when the disease passes to the last stages. Usually, the infectious process is combined with other (secondary) pathologies - STDs, tuberculosis in active form, hepatitis B, C.

If we evaluate the HIV epidemiological situation in individual regions, there are significant differences. Half of the registered cases of infection are observed in 22 subjects of the country. These are regions in which the infection spreads twice as fast as in the rest. In 2014, the worst AIDS situation was found in the following regions:

• Perm region;
• Yugra;
• Leningrad region.;
• Ulyanovsk;
• Samara;
• Irkutsk;
• Kemerovo;
• Sverdlovsk.

The places where the highest incidence of infection is observed correspond to drug trafficking routes in Russia.

The epidemiological situation of HIV infection: the main ways of spread

Based on the data collected, it was possible to determine that most often the virus penetrates directly into the blood. In 2014, 57.3% of patients became infected through a needle, the body of the rest of the patients was susceptible to infection in other ways. Over the past 10 years, there has been an increase in HIV transmission through heterosexual contact. In 2014, 40.3 thousand people were infected in this way. That is, representatives of prosperous segments of the population are involved in the HIV epidemiological situation. For comparison, it is worth citing data from the countries of the European Union and America, where the infection develops mainly as a result of sexual relations between a woman and a man, homosexual infection, the pathogen rarely penetrates through the blood - in 6.6-7.5% of cases. In these countries, the parenteral route of HIV transmission is not widespread; anti-epidemiological measures make it possible to combat the possibility of getting the microorganism in this way.

It is worth changing the approach to fighting the AIDS epidemic in Russia. It is necessary to pay more attention to dangerous groups of the population - people who inject drugs, people who stay in the institutions of the Federal Penitentiary Service and have sexual relations with a large number of partners.

From the beginning of the AIDS epidemic to 2014, infected women gave birth to 129.630 thousand children, of which 8.35 thousand were already infected, which corresponds to 6.2%. In 93.8% of cases, the health of babies is not impaired, so we can judge the high effectiveness of anti-epidemic measures for HIV infection during pregnancy. In 2006-2014, thanks to ongoing prevention, the probability of transmission of the disease from mother to child decreased to 3% (previously, the figure was 10.5%). During the period of bearing a baby, these measures were taken in 88% of cases, during childbirth - in 93%. Also, prevention was carried out in newborns, 99% of children were exposed to it.

Thanks to the results obtained, the Russian Federation has become one of the countries in which the effectiveness of preventive measures is noted to prevent infection with the virus during the bearing, birth and feeding of a child.

The AIDS epidemic: development forecast

The situation with the HIV epidemic in Russia continues to worsen. On January 1, 2016, the number of infected residents of the country exceeded one million (1008675 people), 212.579 thousand people died, the causes of death are different. From the indicated number of infected Russians from the beginning of the year to the end of March, 7 thousand people died.

The incidence of AIDS is observed in all regions of the country. When determining the incidence of the population of Russia with infection in 26 subjects, the indicator exceeded 0.5%. 41.5% of the population of the Russian Federation lives in these regions.

If the majority of those infected (90%) receive the necessary therapy, by 2020 the HIV epidemic in Russia will stop developing as actively as it is happening now. By 2030, the death rate from AIDS will be reduced by almost three times. However, this depends directly on the effectiveness of preventive measures, which the state should develop and implement through the creation of special programs.

The main goal in the fight against the HIV epidemic in the Russian Federation is to timely identify the maximum number of infected people and provide needed help sick. The use of measures aimed at reducing the incidence of infection and maintaining the normal state of the body of the infected will allow patients to enjoy a full life.

Epidemic situation on HIV/AIDS in the world

60 million 30 million people have died.

Since the start of the HIV epidemic, more than 60 million people contracted the human immunodeficiency virus and 30 million people have died.

The world is infected with HIV every day

about 7,000 people

Children under 15 - 1000 people

Adults - 6000 people

51% - women

41% - youth from 15 to 24 years old

Number of adults and children

living with HIV (millions)

Global HIV/AIDS epidemic situation, 2010 (source: UNAIDS)

Adult Prevalence (%)

HIV prevalence

HIV/AIDS epidemic situation in Eastern Europe and Central Asia, 2010 (Source: UNAIDS)

Number of adults and children

living with HIV

HIV/AIDS epidemic situation 2010 (Source: UNAIDS)

Number of deaths due to AIDS

among adults and children in the world

Eastern Europe and Central Asia, 2010

• Between 2001 and 2010, the number of people living with HIV in Eastern Europe and Central Asia nearly quadrupled, or 250%.

• In 2010, the number is estimated to have reached 1.5 million, while in 2001 it was 410,000.

• AIDS-related deaths are on the rise in the region, estimated at 90,000 in 2010 compared to 7,800 in 2001; 11 times more.

Data on registered cases of HIV infection in the CIS countries

Epidemic situation on HIV/AIDS in the Republic of Belarus

Dynamics of registration of new cases of HIV infection in the Republic of Belarus

Dynamics of the incidence of HIV infection in the Republic of Belarus (indicator per 100 thousand population)

Specific weight of HIV transmission routes

Dynamics of the incidence of HIV infection (rate per 100,000)

Injecting drug users (sentinel surveillance data, % detection among those surveyed)

Women involved in sex work (sentinel surveillance data, % of detection among surveyed)

Men who have sex with other men (sentinel surveillance data, % of detection among surveyed)

Dynamics of registration of cases of HIV infection among children born to HIV-infected mothers

Incidence of HIV infection, AIDS, AIDS mortality

Thus, the epidemic process in the Republic of Belarus is characterized by:

• a trend towards an increase in the incidence of HIV infection;

• the predominance of the sexual route of infection transmission;

• involvement in the epidemiological process mainly of the able-bodied population and people who do not belong to groups of risky behavior;

• increase in the number of AIDS cases and AIDS deaths.

Contact Information:

Contact Information:

Address: State Institution "Republican Hygiene Center,

epidemiology and public health»,

Department of HIV/AIDS Prevention

According to UNAIDS, in the 30 years since the beginning of the epidemic, AIDS has claimed more than 25 million lives, more than 60 million people have been infected with HIV, and 16 million children have been left without parents. Until now, more than seven thousand people are infected with this virus every day, including one thousand children. HIV infection is one of the most actual problems not only in our country, but all over the world

HIV infection in Russia revealed the first HIV-infected foreigner, the first HIV-infected citizen of the USSR. The epidemiological investigation of this case revealed 23 HIV-infected Russians. Photo archive of Academician V.V. Pokrovsky

(394.7 per 100 thousand) The number of registered cases of HIV infection among Russian citizens per child, including 3933 children born to HIV+ mothers - died HIV-infected Russian citizens, of which - in the stage of AIDS - 469 HIV-infected children died, of which 230 - in the stage of AIDS

Subjects Russian Federation with the maximum number of registered cases of HIV infection (per city) Subjects of the Russian Federation Absolute number Sverdlovsk region52719 St. Petersburg48199 Samara Region 47366 Moscow40454 Moscow region39868 Irkutsk region34106 Chelyabinsk region25913 Orenburg region 23648 Kemerovo region 23339 Leningrad region 19787

Subjects of the Russian Federation with the highest prevalence and incidence of HIV infection HIV prevalence Samara region 1226.7 Irkutsk region 1196.8 Leningrad region 1084.9 Sverdlovsk region 976.9 St. Petersburg 963.3 Orenburg region 888.9 Tyumen region 691.9 Ulyanovsk region 671.9 Chelyabinsk region 631.2 Kemerovo region 607.4 Russian Federation 368.5 HIV incidence Kemerovo region 144.9 Samara region 117.6 Irkutsk region 110.8 Sverdlovsk region 109.6 Leningrad region 107.6 Novosibirsk region 106.3 Orenburg region 96.1 Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug 87.2 Perm region 77.4 Tyumen region 70.3 Russian Federation 42.6

Incidence of HIV infection in Russia and Sverdlovsk region Russia: HIV cases, prevalence rate - 394.7 per 100 thousand Sverdlovsk region (g): 1207.8 cases of HIV infection per 100 thousand In the last two years in the region annually detected by new cases of HIV infection

The HIV epidemic is an iceberg Detected cases – Undiagnosed cases

Territories with HIV prevalence above the regional average (1228.9 per 100 thousand inhabitants) in the city of 1. Kirovgrad-2636.7 2. Severouralsk-2469.3 3. Polevskoy-2261.7 ,6 5.V.Pyshma - 2100.5 6.r.p. V.Dubrovo-2020.8.0 7.V.Tagil- 1921.4 8.Sukholozhsky district- 1918.5 9.settlement Malysheva, Izumrud-1737.3 10.Aramil - 1730.9 1729.3 12. Turinsky district - 1706.1 13. Krasnoturinsk - 1661.7 14. Sysertsky district - 1657.5 15. Bogdanovichsky district - 1616.0 16. p.g.t. Reftinsky - 1528.1 17. Zarechny - 1503.3 18. Degtyarsk - 1496.9 19. Yekaterinburg - 1479.6 20. Kachkanar - 1373.9 21. Beloyarsky district - 1332.4 22. Krasnouralsk municipal district - 1238, 4 In 22 municipalities, the prevalence rate exceeds the regional average (1-2 HIV infections per 100 people)

12 Dynamics of the incidence and prevalence of HIV infection in Yekaterinburg (indicator per 100 thousand inhabitants) Yekaterinburg city, 2011 - 1764 sl.

The prevalence of HIV infection by districts of Yekaterinburg per city (per 100 thousand)

The structure of HIV-infected people by age in the Sverdlovsk region (%) per city

Total number of children born, including HIV(+) 628 children (7.1%) Dynamics of birth of children from HIV-infected mothers in the Sverdlovsk region

Over the past 5 years, there has been a 3-fold increase in deaths in the AIDS stage Sverdlovsk region ranks 1st in mortality among the regions of the Ural Federal District. AIDS 2480 people. (33%); in 2011 - 536 people (48%), in 2010. – 573 people (47%), in 2009 people (44%), in 2008 people (38%), in 2007 - 278 people. (31%) In the structure of deaths in 2011: 1st place is occupied by AIDS - 536 cases. (48%) 2nd place - liver disease - 97cl. (8.6%) 3rd place - drug overdose - 69 cl. (6.1%) 4th place - accidents - 58 sl. (5.2%) 5th place - tuberculosis - 57cl. (5.1%) suicide - 18 cases (1.6%), for the entire period - 274 cases. suicide (3.6%)

Given the above, we can state that the situation with HIV/AIDS in the region is extraordinary, and the prognosis is extremely unfavorable: the cumulative number of HIV-infected people will increase annually; all transmission paths will be implemented; the number of HIV-infected people in the stage of clinical progression will increase, incl. in the stage of AIDS, as well as the number of deaths; the intensity of the epidemic as a whole will increase not only at the expense of “risk groups” for infection and the spread of HIV infection, but also at the expense of the main socially prosperous population; the problem of children born to HIV-infected mothers will grow.

Branches of OC AIDS Pervouralsk, pos. Dinas, Ogneuporshchikov st., 38 tel. (34392) (for patients of the Western District) - Irbit, Malgina st. Eastern District) - N-Tagil, Dzhambula st., 45, tel. (3435) (for patients of GZO) - Serov, L. Tolstoy, 15. tel. (34315) (for patients of the Northern District) -K-Uralsky, st. Ryabova, 20, reception tel. (3439) (for patients Southern District)

Protection from discrimination Constitution of the Russian Federation Labor Code the federal law dated March 30, 1995 38-FZ "On the prevention of the spread in the Russian Federation of a disease caused by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV infection)" Criminal Code

The Constitution of the Russian Federation (Chapter 2) Article 19 - the rights and freedoms of a person and a citizen are guaranteed by the state regardless of gender, race, nationality, language, origin, property and official status, place of residence, attitude to religion, beliefs, membership in public associations, as well as other circumstances. Any form of restriction of the rights of citizens on the grounds of social, racial, national, linguistic or religious affiliation is prohibited. Men and women are guaranteed equal rights and equal opportunities for their realization.

Federal Law No. 38-FZ of March 30, 1995 "On Preventing the Spread in the Russian Federation of Disease Caused by the Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)" Article 5 on its territory with all rights and freedoms and bear obligations in accordance with the Constitution of the Russian Federation, the legislation of the Russian Federation and the legislation of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation.

Article 14. The rights of HIV-infected persons in the provision of medical care to HIV-infected persons are provided on a general basis with all types of medical care according to clinical indications, while they enjoy all the rights provided for by the legislation of the Russian Federation on the protection of the health of citizens.

Article 17. Prohibition on restricting the rights of HIV-positive persons educational institutions and institutions providing medical care, as well as restriction of other rights and legitimate interests of HIV-infected people on the basis of their HIV infection, as well as restriction of housing and other rights and legitimate interests of family members of HIV-infected people, unless otherwise provided by this Federal by law.

Discrimination, that is, violation of the rights, freedoms and legitimate interests of a person and a citizen, depending on his gender, race, nationality, language, origin, property and official status, place of residence, attitude to religion, beliefs, membership in public associations or any social groups- shall be punishable by a fine in the amount of up to 200 thousand rubles or in the amount of wages or other income of the convicted person for a period of up to eighteen months, or by compulsory labor for a term of up to one hundred and eighty hours, or by corrective labor for a term of up to one year, or by deprivation of liberty for a term of up to two years. Article 136 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation. Violation of equality of rights and freedoms of man and citizen

The same act committed by a person using his official position shall be punishable by a fine in the amount of 100,000 to 300,000 rubles, or in the amount of the wage or salary, or any other income of the convicted person for a period of one to two years, or by deprivation of the right to hold certain positions or engage in certain activity for a term of up to five years, or by compulsory works for a term of one hundred and twenty to two hundred and forty hours, or by corrective labor for a term of one to two years, or by deprivation of liberty for a term of up to five years.

Labor Code, Article 85 Personal data of an employee is information required by the employer in connection with labor relations and relating to a particular employee. It is not allowed to request, process and use other information about a person that could characterize him not only as an employee, but also as a person. The employer does not have the right to request information about the health status of the employee, with the exception of information that relates to the issue of the employee's performance of his functions.

Fundamentals of the legislation of the Russian Federation on the protection of the health of citizens. Article 61. Medical secrecy Information about the fact of applying for medical care, the state of health of a citizen, the diagnosis of his disease and other information obtained during his examination and treatment, constitute a medical secret. The citizen must be confirmed the guarantee of the confidentiality of the information transmitted by him.

It is not allowed to disclose information constituting a medical secret by persons to whom they became known during training in the performance of professional, official and other duties, except individual cases. Fundamentals of the legislation of the Russian Federation on the protection of the health of citizens.

Persons who, in accordance with the procedure established by law, were given information constituting a medical secret, along with medical and pharmaceutical workers, taking into account the damage caused to a citizen, bear disciplinary, administrative or criminal liability for disclosure of medical secrets in accordance with the legislation of the Russian Federation, republics within the Russian Federation.

Article of the Code of Administrative Offenses Violation of the procedure established by law for the collection, storage, use or dissemination of information about citizens (personal data) - entails a warning or the imposition of an administrative fine

Article 137 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation. Violation of immunity privacy 1. Illegal collection or dissemination of information about the private life of a person constituting his personal or family secret, without his consent, or dissemination of this information in public speaking, publicly displayed work or medium mass media shall be punishable by a fine in the amount of up to 200 thousand roubles, or in the amount of the wage or salary, or any other income of the convicted person for a period of up to 18 months, or by compulsory works for a term of 120 to 180 hours, or by corrective labor for a term of up to one year, or by arrest for a term of up to four months.

2. The same acts committed by a person using his official position, are punishable by a fine in the amount of 100,000 to 300,000 rubles, or in the amount of the wage or salary, or any other income of the convicted person for a period of one to two years, or by deprivation of the right to hold certain positions. or engage in certain activities for a period of two to five years, or arrest for a period of four to six months Article 137 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation. Violation of privacy

THANK YOU FOR YOUR ATTENTION! GBUZ SO Sverdlovsk Regional Center for the Prevention and Control of AIDS and Infectious Diseases Yekaterinburg, Yasnaya St., 46 Department of Prevention (343) Helpline: (343)

The problem of the spread of HIV infection continues to be relevant to the global community. The scale of its spread has acquired a global character and poses a real threat to the socio-economic development of most countries of the world. HIV infection remains one of the major medical and social problems which requires effective measures, both on the part of state structures, on the part of the health care system, and on the part public organizations and civil society.
Infection epidemic caused by the human immunodeficiency virus has taken on serious proportions in Russia. According to Rospotrebnadzor, as of March 1, 2011, 529,110 cases of HIV infection were registered in Russia, of which 5,195 were in children under the age of 15, including 3,618 children born to HIV-infected mothers.
Since the beginning of the epidemic, more than 89,000 people have died for various reasons. HIV infection, including 21 thousand people due to HIV infection.
In our area on 01.03.2011. total number identified More than 10 thousand people were HIV-infected Russian citizens, and 8297 people living with HIV / AIDS, which is 0.3% of the population of the region . The level of HIV infection among the population increased from 131.41 per 100,000 population in 2001 to 317.12 in 2010. 640 new cases registered last year HIV infections , including 330 cases of illness caused by the HIV virus and 310 cases of asymptomatic infection status, caused by HIV . In the past year, sexual transmission continued to predominate, specific gravity which increased from 79.5% in 2009 to 83.6%. Through intravenous drug use, 14.5% of persons identified in 2010 became infected (2008 - 18.4%, 2009 - 18.5%). By age composition among those identified in 2010 HIV-infected of persons, the proportion of adolescents aged 15-18 was 1.5%, persons aged 20-29 - 38%, 30-39 years - 38.6%.
HIV-infected mothers gave birth to 187 live children, including two twins. Three children born in 2010 were diagnosed with HIV infection.
As part of the priority national project "Health", patients have the opportunity to receive expensive treatment with antiretroviral drugs and, as a result, improve the quality of life and its duration. During 2010, another 352 patients were prescribed treatment, including 4 children. During the year, 1798 patients received antiretroviral therapy HIV infection . However, 229 people stopped treatment last year for various reasons, of which 127 patients died.
Treatment helps to stop and significantly slow down the development of the disease, but the cure HIV infections as yet impossible. Therefore, despite fatal cases, there is a constant accumulation of the number of people living with HIV AIDS . This process does not stop and will continue to grow. A reservoir has already formed in our region HIV infections at the expense of drug users (Balakovo, Volsk) HIV infections , both in the number of new cases and in the increase in the affected population.
Currently, the rise in the incidence is associated with the activation of the sexual route of transmission and the ongoing implementation of the intravenous route of infection with the use of narcotic drugs. Identification of patients HIV infection already in the later stages of the disease may indirectly indicate that the real number HIV-infected significantly higher than the officially registered incidence rate. And yet, drug users, commercial sex workers and people with multiple sexual partners, venereal diseases, and tuberculosis remain at risk.
Since 2006, more than 700 people with a positive result laboratory research on HIV , but many of them do not know that they are infected, because. did not come to the doctor for the result of the examination. Thus, a person who does not care about his health can harm not only himself, but also those around him, relatives or acquaintances, because. will not comply with certain restrictions associated with this infection.
The most important task in the fight against HIV infection is the preservation of the health of young people, the organization of large-scale preventive and information work with teenagers and young adults. It must be remembered that HIV infection , this is a "disease of behavior."
Measures to prevent HIV infection quite possible for most young people who care about their health, namely:
. never use drugs;
. do not have intimate contacts with an unfamiliar partner, especially without protective equipment and in a state of alcohol or drug intoxication. If such contacts have taken place, it is necessary to undergo a laboratory examination for HIV infection and consult a doctor;
. avoid frequent changes of sexual partners. With one but true partner, no AIDS you are not threatened!
These simple rules help you maintain your health and the health of your loved ones.