Our answer to the false Western propaganda that the Russians "have never created anything, and are not in a position to create anything," and that "the best and most necessary things were created by the Americans and Europeans"...

"Three heroes". Viktor Vasnetsov, 1898

***

Pavel Yablochkov - inventor of the first electric light bulb

1. P.N. Yablochkov and A.N. Lodygin - the world's first electric light bulb.

2. A.S. Popov is the inventor of the radio.

3. V.K. Zworykin (the world's first electron microscope, television and broadcasting).

4. A.F. Mozhaisky is the inventor of the world's first aircraft.

5. I.I. Sikorsky - a great aircraft designer, created the world's first helicopter, the world's first bomber.

6. A.M. Ponyatov - the world's first video recorder.

7. S.P. Korolev is the world's first ballistic missile, spacecraft, the first satellite of the Earth.

8. A.M. Prokhorov and N.G. Basov - the world's first quantum generator - a maser.

9. S.V. Kovalevskaya (the world's first female professor).

10. S.M. Prokudin-Gorsky - the world's first color photograph.

11. A.A. Alekseev - the creator of the needle screen.

12. F.A. Pirotsky - the world's first electric tram.

13. F.A. Blinov is the world's first caterpillar tractor.

14. V.A. Starevich is a three-dimensional animated film.

15. E.M. Artamonov - invented the world's first bicycle with pedals, a steering wheel, a turning wheel.

16. O.V. Losev is the world's first amplifying and generating semiconductor device.

17. V.P. Mutilin is the world's first mounted construction harvester.

18. A. R. Vlasenko - the world's first grain harvester.

19. V.P. Demikhov was the first in the world to perform a lung transplant and the first to create a model of an artificial heart.

20. A.P. Vinogradov - created a new direction in science - isotope geochemistry.

21. I.I. Polzunov - the world's first heat engine.

22. G.E. Kotelnikov - the first backpack rescue parachute.

Academician Igor Kurchatov under his leadership developed the world's first hydrogen bomb

23. I.V. Kurchatov is the world's first nuclear power plant (Obninsk), also under his leadership, the world's first hydrogen bomb with a capacity of 400 kt was developed, detonated on August 12, 1953. It was the Kurchatov team that developed the RDS-202 thermonuclear bomb (Tsar bomb) with a record power of 52,000 kt.

24. M.O. Dolivo-Dobrovolsky - invented a three-phase current system, built a three-phase transformer, which put an end to the dispute between supporters of direct (Edison) and alternating current.

25. V.P. Vologdin, the world's first high-voltage liquid cathode mercury rectifier, developed induction furnaces for the use of high-frequency currents in industry.

26. S.O. Kostovich - created the world's first gasoline engine in 1879.

27. V.P. Glushko - the world's first electric / thermal rocket engine.

28. V.V. Petrov - discovered the phenomenon of an arc discharge.

29. N.G. Slavyanov - electric arc welding.

30. I.F. Alexandrovsky - invented a stereo camera.

31. D.P. Grigorovich - the creator of the seaplane.

32. V.G. Fedorov - the world's first automatic machine.

33. A.K. Nartov - built the world's first lathe with a movable caliper.

34. M.V. Lomonosov - for the first time in science formulated the principle of conservation of matter and motion, for the first time in the world he began to teach a course in physical chemistry, for the first time he discovered the existence of an atmosphere on Venus.

35. I.P. Kulibin - a mechanic, developed the project of the world's first wooden arched single-span bridge, the inventor of the searchlight.

36. V.V. Petrov - physicist, developed the world's largest galvanic battery; opened an electric arc.

37. P.I. Prokopovich - for the first time in the world invented a frame hive, in which he used a store with frames.

38. N.I. Lobachevsky - mathematician, creator of "non-Euclidean geometry".

39. D.A. Zagryazhsky - invented the caterpillar.

40. B.O. Jacobi - invented electroforming and the world's first electric motor with direct rotation of the working shaft.

41. P.P. Anosov, a metallurgist, revealed the secret of making ancient damask steel.

42. D.I. Zhuravsky - for the first time developed the theory of calculations of bridge trusses, which is currently used throughout the world.

43. N.I. Pirogov - for the first time in the world compiled an atlas "Topographic Anatomy", which has no analogues, invented anesthesia, gypsum and much more.

44. I.R. Hermann - for the first time in the world compiled a summary of uranium minerals.

45. A.M. Butlerov - for the first time formulated the main provisions of the theory of the structure of organic compounds.

46. ​​I.M. Sechenov, the creator of evolutionary and other schools of physiology, published his main work, Reflexes of the Brain.

47. D.I. Mendeleev - discovered the periodic law of chemical elements, the creator of the table of the same name.

48. M.A. Novinsky - a veterinarian, laid the foundations of experimental oncology.

49. G.G. Ignatiev - for the first time in the world developed a system of simultaneous telephony and telegraphy over one cable.

50. K.S. Dzhevetsky - built the world's first submarine with an electric motor.

51. N.I. Kibalchich - for the first time in the world developed a scheme of a rocket aircraft.

52. N.N. Benardos - invented electric welding.

53. V.V. Dokuchaev - laid the foundations of genetic soil science.

54. V.I. Sreznevsky - Engineer, invented the world's first aerial camera.

55. A.G. Stoletov - a physicist, for the first time in the world created a photoelectric cell based on an external photoelectric effect.

56. P.D. Kuzminsky - built the world's first radial gas turbine.

57. I.V. Boldyrev - the first flexible light-sensitive non-combustible film, formed the basis for the creation of cinema.

58. I.A. Timchenko - developed the world's first movie camera.

59. S. M. Apostolov-Berdichevsky and M. F. Freidenberg - created the world's first automatic telephone exchange.

60. N.D. Pilchikov, a physicist, created and successfully demonstrated a wireless control system for the first time in the world.

61. V.A. Gassiev - engineer, built the world's first phototypesetting machine.

62. K.E. Tsiolkovsky is the founder of astronautics.

63. P.N. Lebedev - a physicist, for the first time in science experimentally proved the existence of light pressure on solids.

64. I.P. Pavlov is the creator of the science of higher nervous activity.

65. VI Vernadsky - naturalist, founder of many scientific schools.

66. A.N. Scriabin, a composer, was the first in the world to use lighting effects in the symphonic poem "Prometheus".

67. N.E. Zhukovsky is the creator of aerodynamics.

68. S.V. Lebedev - for the first time received artificial rubber.

69. G.A. Tikhov, an astronomer, was the first in the world to establish that the Earth, when observed from space, should have a blue color. Later, as you know, this was confirmed when shooting our planet from space.

70. N.D. Zelinsky - developed the world's first carbon highly effective gas mask.

71. N.P. Dubinin - geneticist, discovered the divisibility of the gene.

72. M.A. Kapelyushnikov - invented the turbodrill in 1922.

73. E.K. Zavoisky discovered electric paramagnetic resonance.

74. N.I. Lunin - proved that there are vitamins in the body of living beings.

75. N.P. Wagner - discovered the pedogenesis of insects.

76. Svyatoslav Fedorov - the first in the world to perform an operation to treat glaucoma.

77. S.S. Yudin - for the first time used in the clinic the blood transfusion of suddenly dead people.

78. A.V. Shubnikov - predicted existence and created piezoelectric textures for the first time.

79. L.V. Shubnikov - Shubnikov-de Haas effect (magnetic properties of superconductors).

80. N.A. Izgaryshev - discovered the phenomenon of passivity of metals in non-aqueous electrolytes.

81. P.P. Lazarev is the creator of the ion theory of excitation.

82. P.A. Molchanov - meteorologist, created the world's first radiosonde.

83. N.A. Umov - a physicist, the equation of energy movement, the concept of energy flow; By the way, he was the first to explain practically and without ether the fallacies of the theory of relativity.

84. E.S. Fedorov is the founder of crystallography.

85. G.S. Petrov is a chemist, the world's first synthetic detergent.

86. V.F. Petrushevsky - scientist and general, invented a range finder for artillerymen.

87. I.I. Orlov - invented a method for making woven banknotes and a method for single-pass multiple printing (Orlov printing).

88. Mikhail Ostrogradsky - mathematician, O. formula (multiple integral).

89. P.L. Chebyshev - mathematician, Ch. polynomials (orthogonal system of functions), parallelogram.

90. P.A. Cherenkov - physicist, Ch. radiation (new optical effect), Ch. counter (detector of nuclear radiation in nuclear physics).

91. D.K. Chernov - points Ch. (critical points of phase transformations of steel).

92. V.I. Kalashnikov is not the same Kalashnikov, but another, who was the first in the world to equip river vessels with a steam engine with multiple steam expansion.

93. A.V. Kirsanov - organic chemist, reaction K. (phosphozoreaction).

94. A.M. Lyapunov, a mathematician, created the theory of stability, equilibrium, and motion of mechanical systems with a finite number of parameters, as well as L.'s theorem (one of the limiting theorems of probability theory).

95. Dmitry Konovalov - chemist, Konovalov's laws (elasticity of parasolutions).

96. S.N. Reformatsky - organic chemist, Reformatsky reaction.

97. V.A. Semennikov - metallurgist, the first in the world to carry out the semerization of copper matte and obtain blister copper.

98. I.R. Prigogine - physicist, P.'s theorem (thermodynamics of non-equilibrium processes).

99. M.M. Protodyakonov - a scientist, developed a scale of rock strength generally accepted in the world.

100. M.F. Shostakovsky - organic chemist, balm Sh. (vinylin).

101. M.S. Color - Color method (chromatography of plant pigments).

102. A.N. Tupolev - designed the world's first jet passenger aircraft and the first supersonic passenger aircraft.

103. A.S. Famintsyn, a plant physiologist, was the first to develop a method for carrying out photosynthetic processes under artificial lighting.

104. B.S. Stechkin - created two great theories - the thermal calculation of aircraft engines and air-breathing engines.

105. A.I. Leipunsky - a physicist, discovered the phenomenon of energy transfer by excited atoms and molecules to free electrons during collisions.

106. D.D. Maksutov - optician, telescope M. (meniscus system of optical instruments).

107. N.A. Menshutkin - a chemist, discovered the effect of a solvent on the rate of a chemical reaction.

108. I.I. Mechnikov - the founders of evolutionary embryology.

109. S.N. Winogradsky - discovered chemosynthesis.

110. V.S. Pyatov - a metallurgist, invented a method for the production of armor plates by rolling.

111. A.I. Bakhmutsky - invented the world's first coal combine (for coal mining).

112. A.N. Belozersky - discovered DNA in higher plants.

113. S.S. Bryukhonenko - a physiologist, created the first heart-lung machine in the world (autojector).

114. G.P. Georgiev - biochemist, discovered RNA in the nuclei of animal cells.

115. E.A. Murzin - invented the world's first optical-electronic synthesizer "ANS".

116. P.M. Golubitsky is a Russian inventor in the field of telephony.

117. VF Mitkevich - for the first time in the world proposed to use a three-phase arc for welding metals.

118. L.N. Gobyato - colonel, the world's first mortar was invented in Russia in 1904.

119. V.G. Shukhov, an inventor, was the first in the world to use steel mesh shells for the construction of buildings and towers.

120. I.F. Kruzenshtern and Yu.F. Lisyansky - made the first Russian round-the-world trip, studied the islands of the Pacific Ocean, described the life of Kamchatka and about. Sakhalin.

121. F.F. Bellingshausen and M.P. Lazarev - discovered Antarctica.

122. The world's first icebreaker of the modern type - the steamer of the Russian fleet "Pilot" (1864), the first Arctic icebreaker - "Ermak", built in 1899 under the leadership of S.O. Makarov..

123. V.N. Sukachev is the founder of biogeocenology, one of the founders of the doctrine of phytocenosis, its structure, classification, dynamics, relationships with the environment and its animal population.

124. Alexander Nesmeyanov, Alexander Arbuzov, Grigory Razuvaev - creation of chemistry of organoelement compounds..

125. V.I. Levkov - under his leadership, for the first time in the world, air-cushion vehicles were created.

126. G.N. Babakin - Russian designer, creator of Soviet lunar rovers.

127. P.N. Nesterov - the first in the world to perform a closed curve in a vertical plane on an airplane, a "dead loop", later called the "Nesterov loop".

128. B.B. Golitsyn - became the founder of a new science of seismology.

129. V.M. Bekhterev is a world-famous encyclopedic scientist and many discoveries in the field of the structure, pathways and functions of the brain and psyche, a morphologist of the nervous system and brain, a psychophysiologist, a neurologist - a clinician-neuropathologist and a psychiatrist, a psychologist - the founder of a number of branches of psychological science.

And all this is only an insignificant part of the contribution of Russians to world science.

An educational program for Shapiro-Soloviev, who declared that Russian science was created by Stalin, and before him, apart from Mendeleev, we had no one

Russian science is not only one of the greatest in the world, it is also a forge of personnel for other countries. There is even such a term “Russian science” in the world, although many of the scientists who are called so have not lived in Russia for a long time, but studied here.

1. P.N. Yablochkov and A.N. Lodygin - the world's first electric light bulb

2. A.S. Popov - radio

3. V.K. Zworykin (the world's first electron microscope, television and broadcasting)

4. A.F. Mozhaisky - the inventor of the world's first aircraft

5. I.I. Sikorsky - a great aircraft designer, created the world's first helicopter, the world's first bomber

6. . A.M. Ponyatov - the world's first video recorder

7. S.P. Korolev - the world's first ballistic missile, spacecraft, the first satellite of the Earth

8. A.M. Prokhorov and N.G. Basov - the world's first quantum generator - maser

9. S. V. Kovalevskaya (the world's first female professor)

10. S.M. Prokudin-Gorsky - the world's first color photograph

11. A.A. Alekseev - the creator of the needle screen

12. F.A. Pirotsky - the world's first electric tram

13. F.A. Blinov - the world's first caterpillar tractor

14. V.A. Starevich - volume-animated film

15. E.M. Artamonov - invented the world's first bicycle with pedals, a steering wheel, a turning wheel

16. O.V. Losev - the world's first amplifying and generating semiconductor device

17. V.P. Mutilin - the world's first mounted construction harvester

18. A. R. Vlasenko - the world's first grain harvester

19. V.P. Demikhov - the first in the world to perform a lung transplant and the first to create a model of an artificial heart

20. A.P. Vinogradov - created a new direction in science - isotope geochemistry

21. I.I. Polzunov - the world's first heat engine

22. G. E. Kotelnikov - the first backpack rescue parachute

23. I.V. Kurchatov is the world's first nuclear power plant (Obninsk), also under his leadership, the world's first hydrogen bomb with a capacity of 400 kt was developed, detonated on August 12, 1953. It was the Kurchatov team that developed the RDS-202 thermonuclear bomb (Tsar bomb) with a record power of 52,000 kt.

24. M. O. Dolivo-Dobrovolsky - invented a three-phase current system, built a three-phase transformer, which put an end to the dispute between supporters of direct (Edison) and alternating current

25. V. P. Vologdin, the world's first high-voltage liquid cathode mercury rectifier, developed induction furnaces for the use of high-frequency currents in industry

26. S.O. Kostovich - created the world's first gasoline engine in 1879

27. V.P. Glushko - the world's first electric / thermal rocket engine

28. V. V. Petrov - discovered the phenomenon of an arc discharge

29. N. G. Slavyanov - electric arc welding

30. I. F. Aleksandrovsky - invented a stereo camera

31. D.P. Grigorovich - creator of the seaplane

32. V. G. Fedorov - the world's first machine gun

33. A.K. Nartov - built the world's first lathe with a movable caliper

34. M.V. Lomonosov - for the first time in science formulated the principle of conservation of matter and motion, for the first time in the world he began to teach a course in physical chemistry, for the first time he discovered the existence of an atmosphere on Venus

35. I.P. Kulibin - mechanic, developed the project of the world's first wooden arched single-span bridge, inventor of the searchlight

36. VV Petrov - physicist, developed the world's largest galvanic battery; opened an electric arc

37. P.I. Prokopovich - for the first time in the world invented a frame hive, in which he used a frame shop

38. N.I. Lobachevsky - Mathematician, creator of "non-Euclidean geometry"

39. D.A. Zagryazhsky - invented the caterpillar

40. B.O. Jacobi - invented electroforming and the world's first electric motor with direct rotation of the working shaft

41. P.P. Anosov - metallurgist, revealed the secret of making ancient damask steel

42. D.I. Zhuravsky - for the first time developed the theory of calculations of bridge trusses, which is currently used all over the world

43. N.I. Pirogov - for the first time in the world compiled an atlas "Topographic Anatomy", which has no analogues, invented anesthesia, gypsum and much more

44. I.R. Hermann - for the first time in the world compiled a summary of uranium minerals

45. A.M. Butlerov - for the first time formulated the main provisions of the theory of the structure of organic compounds

46. ​​I.M. Sechenov - the creator of evolutionary and other schools of physiology, published his main work "Reflexes of the brain"

47. D.I. Mendeleev - discovered the periodic law of chemical elements, the creator of the table of the same name

48. M.A. Novinsky - veterinarian, laid the foundations of experimental oncology

49. G.G. Ignatiev - for the first time in the world developed a system of simultaneous telephony and telegraphy over one cable

50. K.S. Dzhevetsky - built the world's first submarine with an electric motor

51. N.I. Kibalchich - for the first time in the world developed a scheme of a rocket aircraft

52. N.N. Benardos - invented electric welding

53. V.V. Dokuchaev - laid the foundations of genetic soil science

54. V. I. Sreznevsky - Engineer, invented the world's first aerial camera

55. A.G. Stoletov - physicist, for the first time in the world created a photocell based on an external photoelectric effect

56. P.D. Kuzminsky - built the world's first radial gas turbine

57. I.V. Boldyrev - the first flexible light-sensitive non-combustible film, formed the basis for the creation of cinema

58. I.A. Timchenko - developed the world's first movie camera

59. S.M.Apostolov-Berdichevsky and M.F.Freidenberg - created the world's first automatic telephone exchange

60. N.D. Pilchikov - physicist, for the first time in the world created and successfully demonstrated a wireless control system

61. V.A. Gassiev - engineer, built the world's first phototypesetting machine

62. K.E. Tsiolkovsky - the founder of astronautics

63. P.N. Lebedev - physicist, for the first time in science experimentally proved the existence of light pressure on solids

64. I.P. Pavlov - creator of the science of higher nervous activity

65. V. I. Vernadsky - naturalist, founder of many scientific schools

66. A.N. Scriabin - composer, for the first time in the world used lighting effects in the symphonic poem "Prometheus"

67. N.E. Zhukovsky - creator of aerodynamics

68. S.V. Lebedev - first received artificial rubber

69. GA Tikhov - astronomer, for the first time in the world established that the Earth, when observed from space, should have a blue color. Later, as you know, this was confirmed when shooting our planet from space.

70. N.D. Zelinsky - developed the world's first carbon highly effective gas mask

71. N.P. Dubinin - geneticist, discovered gene divisibility

72. M.A. Kapelyushnikov - invented the turbodrill in 1922

73. E.K. Zavoisky discovered electric paramagnetic resonance

74. N.I. Lunin - proved that there are vitamins in the body of living beings

75. N.P. Wagner - discovered insect pedogenesis

76. Svyatoslav Fedorov - the first in the world to perform an operation to treat glaucoma

77. S.S. Yudin - for the first time used in the clinic the blood transfusion of suddenly dead people

78. A.V. Shubnikov - predicted existence and created piezoelectric textures for the first time

79. L.V. Shubnikov - Shubnikov-de Haas effect (magnetic properties of superconductors)

80. N.A. Izgaryshev - discovered the phenomenon of passivity of metals in non-aqueous electrolytes

81. P.P. Lazarev - creator of the ion theory of excitation

82. P.A. Molchanov - meteorologist, created the world's first radiosonde

83. N.A. Umov - a physicist, the equation of energy movement, the concept of energy flow;

84. E.S. Fedorov - the founder of crystallography

85. G.S. Petrov - chemist, the world's first synthetic detergent

86. V.F. Petrushevsky - scientist and general, invented a range finder for gunners

87. I.I. Orlov - invented a method for making woven banknotes and a method for single-pass multiple printing (Orlov printing)

88. Mikhail Ostrogradsky - mathematician, O. formula (multiple integral)

89. P.L. Chebyshev - mathematician, Ch. polynomials (orthogonal system of functions), parallelogram

90. P.A. Cherenkov - physicist, Ch. radiation (new optical effect), Ch. counter (detector of nuclear radiation in nuclear physics)

91. D.K. Chernov - points Ch. (critical points of phase transformations of steel)

92. V.I. Kalashnikov - the first in the world to equip river vessels with a steam engine with multiple steam expansion

93. A.V. Kirsanov - organic chemist, reaction K. (phosphozoreaction)

94. A.M. Lyapunov - mathematician, created the theory of stability of systems, equilibrium and motion of mechanical systems with a finite number of parameters, as well as the L. theorem (one of the limit theorems of probability theory)

95. Dmitry Konovalov - chemist, Konovalov's laws (elasticity of parasolutions)

96. S.N. Reformatsky - organic chemist, Reformatsky reaction

97. V.A. Semennikov - metallurgist, the first in the world to carry out the semerization of copper matte and get blister copper

98. I.R. Prigogine - physicist, P.'s theorem (thermodynamics of non-equilibrium processes)

99. M.M. Protodyakonov - a scientist, developed a scale of rock strength generally accepted in the world

100. M.F. Shostakovsky - organic chemist, balm Sh. (vinylin)

101. M.S. Color - Color method (chromatography of plant pigments)

102. A.N. Tupolev - designed the world's first jet passenger aircraft and the first supersonic passenger aircraft

103. A.S. Famintsyn - a plant physiologist, was the first to develop a method for implementing photosynthetic processes under artificial lighting

104. B.S. Stechkin - created two theories - thermal calculation of aircraft engines and jet engines

105. A.I. Leipunsky - physicist, discovered the phenomenon of energy transfer by excited atoms and molecules to free electrons during collisions

106. D.D. Maksutov - optician, telescope M. (meniscus system of optical instruments)

107. N.A. Menshutkin - chemist, discovered the effect of a solvent on the rate of a chemical reaction

108. I.I. Mechnikov - the founders of evolutionary embryology

109. S.N. Winogradsky - discovered chemosynthesis

110. V.S. Pyatov - metallurgist, invented a method for the production of armor plates by rolling

111. A.I. Bakhmutsky - invented the world's first coal combine (for coal mining)

112. A.N. Belozersky - discovered DNA in higher plants

113. S.S. Bryukhonenko - physiologist, created the first heart-lung machine in the world (autojector)

114. G.P. Georgiev - biochemist, discovered RNA in the nuclei of animal cells

115. E. A. Murzin - invented the world's first optical-electronic synthesizer "ANS"

116. P.M. Golubitsky - Russian inventor in the field of telephony

117. V. F. Mitkevich - for the first time in the world proposed the use of a three-phase arc for welding metals

118. L.N. Gobyato - colonel, the world's first mortar was invented in Russia in 1904

119. V.G. Shukhov, an inventor, was the first in the world to use steel mesh shells for the construction of buildings and towers

120. I.F. Kruzenshtern and Yu.F. Lisyansky - made the first Russian round-the-world trip, studied the islands of the Pacific Ocean, described the life of Kamchatka and about. Sakhalin

121. F.F. Bellingshausen and M.P. Lazarev - discovered Antarctica

122. The world's first icebreaker of the modern type - the steamer of the Russian fleet "Pilot" (1864), the first Arctic icebreaker - "Ermak", built in 1899 under the leadership of S.O. Makarov.

123. V.N. Sukachev is the founder of biogeocenology, one of the founders of the doctrine of phytocenosis, its structure, classification, dynamics, relationships with the environment and its animal population

124. Alexander Nesmeyanov, Alexander Arbuzov, Grigory Razuvaev - creation of chemistry of organoelement compounds.

125. V.I. Levkov - under his leadership, for the first time in the world, air-cushion vehicles were created

126. G.N. Babakin - Russian designer, creator of Soviet moon rovers

127. P.N. Nesterov - the first in the world to complete a closed curve in a vertical plane on an airplane, a "dead loop", later called the "Nesterov loop"

128. B. B. Golitsyn - became the founder of a new science of seismology

And many, many more…

Russian Strategy

01/17/2012 11/19/2019 by ☭ USSR ☭

There were many outstanding figures in our country, which we, unfortunately, forget, not to mention the discoveries that were made by Russian scientists and inventors. The events that changed the history of Russia are also not known to everyone. I want to correct this situation and recall the most famous Russian inventions.

1. Plane - Mozhaisky A.F.

The talented Russian inventor Alexander Fedorovich Mozhaisky (1825-1890) was the first in the world to create a life-size aircraft capable of lifting a person into the air. Before A.F. Mozhaisky, people of many generations, both in Russia and in other countries, worked on the solution of this complex technical problem, they went in different ways, but none of them managed to bring the matter to practical experience with full-scale aircraft. A.F. Mozhaisky found the right way to solve this problem. He studied the works of his predecessors, developed and supplemented them, using his theoretical knowledge and practical experience. Of course, he did not manage to resolve all issues, but he did, perhaps, everything that was possible at that time, despite the extremely unfavorable situation for him: limited material and technical capabilities, as well as distrust of his work on the part of the military bureaucratic apparatus imperial Russia. Under these conditions, A.F. Mozhaisky managed to find the spiritual and physical strength in himself to complete the construction of the world's first aircraft. It was a creative feat that forever glorified our Motherland. Unfortunately, the surviving documentary materials do not allow us to give a description of the aircraft of A.F. Mozhaisky and its tests in the necessary detail.

2. Helicopter– B.N. Yuriev.

Boris Nikolaevich Yuryev - an outstanding aviator scientist, full member of the USSR Academy of Sciences, lieutenant general of the engineering service. In 1911, he invented the swashplate (the main unit of a modern helicopter) - a device that made it possible to build helicopters with stability and control characteristics acceptable for safe piloting by ordinary pilots. It was Yuriev who paved the way for the development of helicopters.

3. Radio receiver- A.S. Popov.

A.S. Popov first demonstrated the operation of his device on May 7, 1895. at a meeting of the Russian Physical and Chemical Society in St. Petersburg. This device became the world's first radio receiver, and May 7th was the birthday of the radio. And now it is celebrated annually in Russia.

4. TV - Rosing B.L.

On July 25, 1907, he applied for the invention "Method of electrical transmission of images over distances." The beam was scanned in the tube by magnetic fields, and the signal was modulated (brightness changed) using a capacitor that could deflect the beam vertically, thereby changing the number of electrons passing to the screen through the diaphragm. On May 9, 1911, at a meeting of the Russian Technical Society, Rosing demonstrated the transmission of television images of simple geometric shapes and their reception with playback on a CRT screen.

5. Knapsack parachute - Kotelnikov G.E.

In 1911, the Russian military man, Kotelnikov, impressed by the death of the Russian pilot Captain L. Matsievich, who he saw at the All-Russian Aeronautics Festival in 1910, invented a fundamentally new parachute RK-1. Kotelnikov's parachute was compact. Its dome is made of silk, the lines were divided into 2 groups and attached to the shoulder girths of the suspension system. The dome and slings were placed in a wooden, and later aluminum satchel. Later, in 1923, Kotelnikov proposed a parachute bag made in the form of an envelope with honeycombs for slings. In 1917, 65 parachute descents were registered in the Russian army, 36 for rescue and 29 voluntary.

6. Nuclear power plant.

Launched on June 27, 1954 in Obninsk (then the village of Obninskoye, Kaluga Region). It was equipped with one AM-1 reactor (“peaceful atom”) with a capacity of 5 MW.
The reactor of the Obninsk NPP, in addition to generating energy, served as a base for experimental studies. At present, the Obninsk NPP has been decommissioned. Its reactor was shut down on April 29, 2002 for economic reasons.

7. Periodic table of chemical elements– Mendeleev D.I.

The periodic system of chemical elements (Mendeleev's table) is a classification of chemical elements that establishes the dependence of various properties of elements on the charge of the atomic nucleus. The system is a graphical expression of the periodic law established by the Russian chemist D. I. Mendeleev in 1869. Its original version was developed by D. I. Mendeleev in 1869-1871 and established the dependence of the properties of elements on their atomic weight (in modern terms, on atomic mass).

8. Laser

The prototype laser masers were made in 1953-1954. N. G. Basov and A. M. Prokhorov, as well as, independently of them, the American C. Townes and his colleagues. Unlike the Basov and Prokhorov quantum generators, which found a way out in using more than two energy levels, the Towns maser could not operate continuously. In 1964, Basov, Prokhorov and Townes received the Nobel Prize in Physics "for their fundamental work in the field of quantum electronics, which made it possible to create generators and amplifiers based on the principle of a maser and a laser."

9. Bodybuilding

Russian athlete Eugenia Sandov, the title of his book “body building” - bodybuilding was literally translated into English. language.

10. Hydrogen bomb– Sakharov A.D.

Andrey Dmitrievich Sakharov(May 21, 1921, Moscow - December 14, 1989, Moscow) - Soviet physicist, academician of the USSR Academy of Sciences and politician, dissident and human rights activist, one of the creators of the first Soviet hydrogen bomb. Winner of the Nobel Peace Prize in 1975.

11. The first artificial earth satellite, the first astronaut, etc.

12. Gypsum - N. I. Pirogov

Pirogov, for the first time in the history of world medicine, used a plaster cast, which made it possible to speed up the healing process of fractures and saved many soldiers and officers from ugly curvature of the limbs. During the siege of Sevastopol, to care for the wounded, Pirogov used the help of the sisters of mercy, some of whom came to the front from St. Petersburg. It was also an innovation at the time.

13. Military medicine

Pirogov invented the stages of military medical service, as well as methods for studying human anatomy. In particular, he is the founder of topographic anatomy.

Antarctica was discovered on January 16 (January 28), 1820 by a Russian expedition led by Thaddeus Bellingshausen and Mikhail Lazarev, who approached it on the sloops Vostok and Mirny at the point 69 ° 21? Yu. sh. 2°14? h. (G) (area of ​​the modern Bellingshausen Ice Shelf).

15. Immunity

Having discovered the phenomena of phagocytosis in 1882 (which he reported on in 1883 at the 7th congress of Russian natural scientists and doctors in Odessa), he developed on their basis a comparative pathology of inflammation (1892), and later - the phagocytic theory of immunity ("Immunity in infectious diseases" , 1901 - Nobel Prize, 1908, together with P. Ehrlich).

The main cosmological model, in which the consideration of the evolution of the Universe begins with a state of dense hot plasma, consisting of protons, electrons and photons. The hot universe model was first considered in 1947 by Georgy Gamow. Since the late 1970s, the origin of elementary particles in the hot universe model has been described using spontaneous symmetry breaking. Many shortcomings of the hot universe model were solved in the 1980s as a result of the construction of the theory of inflation.

The most famous computer game, invented by Alexey Pajitnov in 1985.

18. The first machine - V. G. Fedorov

An automatic carbine designed for firing bursts from the hands. V. G. Fedorov. Abroad, this type of weapon is referred to as an "assault rifle".

1913 - a prototype for a special intermediate power cartridge (between pistol and rifle).
1916 - adoption (under the Japanese rifle cartridge) and the first combat use (Romanian front).

19. Incandescent lamp- Lodygin's lamp A.N.

The light bulb does not have a single inventor. The history of the light bulb is a whole chain of discoveries made by different people at different times. However, Lodygin's merits in the creation of incandescent lamps are especially great. Lodygin was the first to propose the use of tungsten filaments in lamps (in modern electric light bulbs, filaments are made of tungsten) and twist the filament in the form of a spiral. Also, Lodygin was the first to pump air out of the lamps, which increased their service life many times over. Another invention of Lodygin, aimed at increasing the life of lamps, was filling them with an inert gas.

20. Diving apparatus

In 1871, Lodygin created a project for an autonomous diving suit using a gas mixture consisting of oxygen and hydrogen. Oxygen had to be produced from water by electrolysis.

21. Induction furnace

The first caterpillar mover (without a mechanical drive) was proposed in 1837 by staff captain D. Zagryazhsky. Its caterpillar mover was built on two wheels surrounded by an iron chain. And in 1879, the Russian inventor F. Blinov received a patent for the “caterpillar track” he created for a tractor. He called it "a locomotive for dirt roads"

23. Cable telegraph line

The Petersburg-Tsarskoye Selo line was built in the 1940s. XIX century and had a length of 25 km. (B. Jacobi)

24. Synthetic rubber from petroleum– B. Byzov

25. Optical sight

“A mathematical instrument with a perspective telescope, with other accessories and a spirit level for quick aiming from a battery or from the ground at the indicated place to the target horizontally and along levation.” Andrey Konstantinovich NARTOV (1693-1756).

In 1801, the Ural master Artamonov solved the problem of lightening the weight of the wagon by reducing the number of wheels from four to two. Thus, Artamonov created the world's first pedal scooter, the prototype of the future bicycle.

27. Electric welding

The method of electric welding of metals was invented and first applied in 1882 by the Russian inventor Nikolai Nikolaevich Benardos (1842 - 1905). "Stitching" of metal with an electric seam he called "electrohephaestus".

The world's first personal computer was invented not by the American company Apple Computers and not in 1975, but in the USSR in 1968
year by the Soviet designer from Omsk Arseny Anatolyevich Gorokhov (born 1935). Author's certificate No. 383005 describes in detail the "programming device", as the inventor then called it. They did not give money for an industrial design. The inventor was asked to wait a little. He waited until once again a domestic "bicycle" was invented abroad.

29. Digital technologies.

- the father of all digital technologies in data transmission.

30. Electric motor- B. Jacobi.

31. Electric car

The double electric car of I. Romanov, model of 1899, changed the speed in nine gradations - from 1.6 km per hour to a maximum of 37.4 km per hour

32. Bomber

Four-engine aircraft "Russian Knight" I. Sikorsky.

33. Kalashnikov assault rifle

A symbol of freedom and the fight against oppression.

Over the past few centuries, we have made countless discoveries that have greatly improved the quality of our daily lives and understanding how the world around us works. Assessing the full importance of these discoveries is very difficult, if not almost impossible. But one thing is certain, some of them have literally changed our lives once and for all. From penicillin and the screw pump to X-rays and electricity, here is a list of the 25 greatest discoveries and inventions of mankind.

25. Penicillin

If the Scottish scientist Alexander Fleming had not discovered penicillin, the first antibiotic, in 1928, we would still be dying from diseases such as stomach ulcers, abscesses, streptococcal infections, scarlet fever, leptospirosis, Lyme disease and many others.

24. Mechanical watch


Photo: pixabay

There are conflicting theories about what the first mechanical watches actually looked like, but most often researchers adhere to the version that in 723 AD, the Chinese monk and mathematician Ai Xing (I-Hsing) created them. It was this fundamental invention that allowed us to measure time.

23. Heliocentrism of Copernicus


Photo: WP / wikimedia

In 1543, almost on his deathbed, the Polish astronomer Nicolaus Copernicus unveiled his landmark theory. According to the works of Copernicus, it became known that the Sun is our planetary system, and all its planets revolve around our star, each in its own orbit. Until 1543, astronomers believed that the Earth was the center of the universe.

22. Blood circulation


Photo: Bryan Brandenburg

One of the most important discoveries in medicine was the discovery of the circulatory system, which was announced in 1628 by the English physician William Harvey. He was the first person to describe the entire circulation system and properties of the blood that the heart pumps throughout our body from the brain to the fingertips.

21. Screw pump


Photo: David Hawgood / geographic.org.uk

One of the most famous ancient Greek scientists, Archimedes, is considered the author of one of the world's first water pumps. His device was a rotating corkscrew that pushed water up a pipe. This invention took irrigation systems to the next level and is still used today in many wastewater treatment plants.

20. Gravity


Photo: wikimedia

Everyone knows this story - Isaac Newton, the famous English mathematician and physicist, discovered gravity after an apple fell on his head in 1664. Thanks to this event, we first learned why objects fall down, and why the planets revolve around the Sun.

19. Pasteurization


Photo: wikimedia

Pasteurization was discovered in the 1860s by the French scientist Louis Pasteur. It is a heat treatment process during which pathogenic microorganisms are destroyed in certain foods and drinks (wine, milk, beer). This discovery had a significant impact on public health and the development of the food industry around the world.

18. Steam engine


Photo: pixabay

Everyone knows that modern civilization was forged in factories built during the Industrial Revolution, and that it was all done using steam engines. The steam-powered engine was invented a long time ago, but over the past century it has been significantly improved by three British inventors: Thomas Savery, Thomas Newcomen, and the most famous of them, James Watt (Thomas Savery, Thomas Newcomen, James Watt).

17. Conditioner


Photo: Ildar Sagdejev / wikimedia

The primitive climate control system has existed since ancient times, but it changed significantly when the first modern electric air conditioner appeared in 1902. It was invented by a young engineer named Willis Carrier, a native of Buffalo, New York (Buffalo, New York).

16. Electricity


Photo: pixabay

The fateful discovery of electricity is credited to the English scientist Michael Faraday. Among his key discoveries, it is worth noting the principles of electromagnetic induction, diamagnetism and electrolysis. Faraday's experiments also led to the creation of the first generator, which became the forerunner of the huge generators that today produce the electricity we are used to in everyday life.

15. DNA


Photo: pixabay

Many believe that it was the American biologist James Watson and the English physicist Francis Crick (James Watson, Francis Crick) who discovered in the 1950s, but in fact, this macromolecule was first identified back in the late 1860s by the Swiss chemist Friedrich Meischer (Friedrich Miescher). Then, several decades after Meisher's discovery, other scientists conducted a series of studies that finally helped us figure out how the body passes its genes to the next generation, and how its cells are coordinated.

14. Anesthesia


Photo: Wikimedia

Simple forms of anesthesia such as opium, mandrake and alcohol have been used by humans for a long time, and the first references to them date back to 70 AD. But since 1847, pain relief has been taken to a new level, when the American surgeon Henry Bigelow first introduced ether and chloroform into his practice, making extremely painful invasive procedures much more bearable.

13. Theory of relativity

Photo: Wikimedia

Incorporating Albert Einstein's two interrelated theories, special and general relativity, published in 1905, the theory of relativity transformed the entire theoretical physics and astronomy of the 20th century and eclipsed the 200-year-old theory of mechanics proposed by Newton. Einstein's theory of relativity has become the basis for much of the scientific work of modern times.

12. X-rays


Photo: Nevit Dilmen / wikimedia

German physicist Wilhelm Conrad Rontgen accidentally discovered X-rays in 1895 when he was observing fluorescence produced by a cathode ray tube. For this landmark discovery in 1901, the scientist was awarded the Nobel Prize, the first of its kind in the field of physical sciences.

11. Telegraph


Photo: wikipedia

Since 1753, many researchers have been conducting their experiments to establish communication at a distance using electricity, but a significant breakthrough did not come until a few decades later, when in 1835 Joseph Henry and Edward Davy (Joseph Henry, Edward Davy) invented the electrical relay. With this device, they created the first telegraph 2 years later.

10. Periodic system of chemical elements


Photo: sandbh / wikimedia

In 1869, the Russian chemist Dmitri Mendeleev noticed that if you sort chemical elements according to their atomic mass, they conditionally line up in groups with similar properties. Based on this information, he created the first periodic table, one of the greatest discoveries in chemistry, which was later nicknamed the periodic table in his honor.

9. Infrared rays


Photo: AIRS / flickr

Infrared radiation was discovered by the British astronomer William Herschel in 1800 when he was studying the heating effect of light of different colors, using a prism to spread the light into a spectrum, and measuring the changes with thermometers. Today, infrared radiation is used in many areas of our lives, including meteorology, heating systems, astronomy, tracking heat-intensive objects, and many other areas.

8. Nuclear magnetic resonance


Photo: Mj-bird / wikimedia

Today, nuclear magnetic resonance is constantly used as an extremely accurate and efficient diagnostic tool in the field of medicine. This phenomenon was first described and calculated by the American physicist Isidor Rabi in 1938 while observing molecular beams. In 1944, the American scientist was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics for this discovery.

7. Moldboard plow


Photo: wikimedia

Invented in the 18th century, the mouldboard plow was the first plow that not only worked up the soil, but also stirred it, which made it possible to cultivate even very stubborn and stony land for agricultural purposes. Without this tool, agriculture as we know it today would not exist in northern Europe or central America.

6 Camera Obscura


Photo: wikimedia

The forerunner of modern cameras and camcorders was the camera obscura (translated as dark room), which was an optical device used by artists to create quick sketches while traveling outside their studios. A hole in one of the walls of the device served to create an inverted image of what was happening outside the chamber. The picture was displayed on the screen (on the opposite wall of the dark box from the hole). These principles have been known for centuries, but in 1568 the Venetian Daniel Barbaro modified the camera obscura with converging lenses.

5. Paper


Photo: pixabay

Papyrus and amate, used by ancient Mediterranean peoples and pre-Columbian Americans, are often considered the first examples of modern paper. But it would not be entirely correct to consider them real paper. References to the first writing paper production date back to China during the Eastern Han Empire (AD 25-220). The first paper is mentioned in the annals dedicated to the activities of the judicial dignitary Cai Lun (Cai Lun).

4. Teflon


Photo: pixabay

The material that keeps your frying pan from burning was actually invented completely by accident by American chemist Roy Plunkett when he was looking for a replacement for refrigerants to make your home safer. During one of his experiments, the scientist discovered a strange slippery resin, which later became better known as Teflon.

3. The theory of evolution and natural selection

Photo: wikimedia

Inspired by his observations during his second exploratory journey in 1831-1836, Charles Darwin began to write his famous theory of evolution and natural selection, which, according to scientists from all over the world, has become a key description of the mechanism of development of all life on Earth.

2. Liquid crystals


Photo: William Hook / flickr

If the Austrian botanist and physiologist Friedrich Reinitzer had not discovered liquid crystals while testing the physico-chemical properties of various cholesterol derivatives in 1888, today you would not know what liquid crystal TVs or flat LCD monitors are.

1. Polio vaccine


Photo: GDC Global / flickr

On March 26, 1953, American medical researcher Jonas Salk announced that he had successfully tested a vaccine against polio, a virus that causes severe chronic illness. In 1952, an epidemic of this disease diagnosed 58,000 people in the United States, and the disease claimed 3,000 innocent lives. This spurred Salk to seek salvation, and now the civilized world is safe at least from this disaster.

Russian scientists have removed the veil of the unknown, contributing to the evolution of scientific thought throughout the world. Many great Russian scientists worked abroad in research institutions of world renown. Our countrymen collaborated with many outstanding scientific minds. The discoveries of Russian scientists became a catalyst for the development of technology and knowledge throughout the world, and many revolutionary ideas and discoveries in the world were created on the basis of the scientific achievements of famous Russian scientists.

The world discoveries of Russian scientists in the field of chemistry glorified our compatriots for centuries. Mendeleev made the most important discovery for the world of chemistry - he described the periodic law of chemical elements. The periodic table has gained recognition throughout the world over time and is now used in all corners of our planet.

Sikorsky can be called a great Russian scientist in aviation. Aircraft designer Sikorsky is known for his developments in the creation of multi-engine aircraft. It was he who created the world's first aircraft with technical characteristics for vertical takeoff and landing - a helicopter.

Not only Russian scientists contributed to the aviation business. For example, the pilot Nesterov is considered the founder of aerobatics, in addition, he was the first to propose the use of runway lighting during night flights.

Famous Russian scientists were also in medicine: Pirogov, Botkin, Mechnikov and others. Mechnikov developed the doctrine of phagocytosis (protective factors of the body). Surgeon Pirogov was the first to use anesthesia in the field to treat a patient and developed classical means of surgical treatment, which are still used today. And the contribution of the Russian scientist Botkin was that he was the first in Russia to conduct research on experimental therapy and pharmacology.

On the example of these three areas of science, we see that the discoveries of Russian scientists are used in all spheres of life. But this is only a small fraction of all that was discovered by Russian scientists. Our compatriots glorified their outstanding homeland in absolutely all scientific disciplines, from medicine and biology to developments in the field of space technology. Russian scientists left for us, their descendants, a huge treasure of scientific knowledge to provide us with colossal material for creating new great discoveries.

Alexander Ivanovich Oparin is a famous Russian biochemist, the author of the materialistic theory of the appearance of life on Earth.

Academician, Hero of Socialist Labor, laureate of the Lenin Prize.

Childhood and youth

Curiosity, inquisitiveness and the desire to understand how, for example, a huge tree can grow from a tiny seed, manifested itself in the boy very early. Already in childhood, he was very interested in biology. He studied plant life not only from books, but also in practice.

The Oparin family moved from Uglich to a country house in the village of Kokaevo. The very first years of childhood passed there.

Yuri Kondratyuk (Alexander Ignatievich Shargei), one of the outstanding theorists of space flights.

In the 60s, he became world famous thanks to the scientific substantiation of the way spacecraft flew to the moon.

The trajectory calculated by him was called the “Kondratyuk route”. It was used by the American Apollo spacecraft to land a man on the lunar surface.

Childhood and youth

This one of the outstanding founders of astronautics was born in Poltava on June 9 (21), 1897. He spent his childhood in his grandmother's house. She was a midwife, and her husband was a zemstvo doctor and government official.

For some time he lived with his father in St. Petersburg, where from 1903 he studied at the gymnasium on Vasilyevsky Island. When his father died in 1910, the boy returned to his grandmother again.

Inventor of the telegraph. The name of the inventor of the telegraph is forever inscribed in history, since Schilling's invention made it possible to transmit information over long distances.

The apparatus made it possible to use radio and electrical signals that traveled through the wires. The need to transmit information has always existed, but in the 18-19 centuries. in the face of growing urbanization and the development of technology, data sharing has become relevant.

This problem was solved by the telegraph, the term from the ancient Greek language was translated as "to write far away."

Emily Khristianovich Lenz is a famous Russian scientist.

From the school bench, we are all familiar with the Joule-Lenz law, which establishes that the amount of heat released by the current in the conductor is proportional to the current strength and the resistance of the conductor.

Another well-known law is the "Lenz's rule", according to which the induction current always moves in the opposite direction to the action that generated it.

early years

The original name of the scientist is Heinrich Friedrich Emil Lenz. He was born in Dorpat (Tartu) and was a Baltic German by origin.

His brother Robert Khristianovich became a famous orientalist, and his son, also Robert, followed in his father's footsteps and became a physicist.

Trediakovsky Vasily is a man with a tragic fate. So it was fate that two nuggets lived in Russia at the same time - Lomonosov and Trediakovsky, but one will be treated kindly and remain in the memory of posterity, and the second will die in poverty, forgotten by everyone.

From schoolboy to philologist

In 1703, on March 5, Vasily Trediakovsky was born. He grew up in Astrakhan in a poor family of a clergyman. A 19-year-old boy went to Moscow on foot to continue his studies at the Slavic-Greek-Latin Academy.

But he stayed in it for a short time (2 years) and without regret left to replenish his baggage of knowledge in Holland, and then to France - to the Sorbonne, where, suffering need and hunger, he studied for 3 years.

Here he participated in public disputes, comprehended mathematical and philosophical sciences, was a student of theology, studied French and Italian abroad.

"Father of Satan", academician Yangel Mikhail Kuzmich, was born on 10/25/1911 in the village. Zyryanov, Irkutsk region, came from a family of descendants of convict settlers. At the end of the 6th grade (1926), Mikhail leaves for Moscow - to his older brother Konstantin, who studied there. When I was in the 7th grade, I did a part-time job, delivering stacks of newspapers - orders from a printing house. At the end of the FZU, he worked in a factory and at the same time studied at the workers' faculty.

MAI student. The beginning of a professional career

In 1931, he entered the Moscow Aviation Institute with a degree in aircraft engineering, and graduated in 1937. While still a student, Mikhail Yangel settled in the Polikarpov Design Bureau, later, his supervisor to defend his graduation project: “High-altitude fighter with a pressurized cabin ". Having started his work at the Polikarpov Design Bureau as a designer of the 2nd category, ten years later M.K. Yangel was already a leading engineer, engaged in the development of projects for fighters of new modifications.

February 13, 1938, M.K. Yangel, as part of a group of Soviet specialists in the field of aircraft construction of the USSR, visits the United States - for the purpose of a business trip. It is worth noting that the 30s of the twentieth century was a rather active period in the cooperation between the USSR and the USA, and not only in the field of mechanical engineering and aircraft construction, in particular, small arms were purchased (in rather limited quantities) - Thompson submachine guns and Colt pistols.

Scientist, founder of the theory of helicopter engineering, doctor of technical sciences, professor Mikhail Leontievich Mil, winner of the Lenin and State Prizes, Hero of Socialist Labor.

Childhood, education, youth

Mikhail Leontiev was born in Irkutsk, on November 22, 1909, in the family of a railway employee and a dentist. Before settling in the city of Irkutsk, his father, Leonty Samuilovich, searched for gold for 20 years, working in the mines. Grandfather, Samuil Mil, settled in Siberia at the end of 25 years of naval service. From childhood, Mikhail showed versatile talents: he loved to draw, was fond of music and easily mastered foreign languages, was engaged in an aircraft modeling circle. At the age of ten, he participated in the Siberian aircraft modeling competition, where, having passed the stage, Mishin's model was sent to the city of Novosibirsk, where she received one of the prizes.

Mikhail graduated from elementary school in Irkutsk, after which, in 1925, he entered the Siberian Institute of Technology.

A.A. Ukhtomsky is an outstanding physiologist, scientist, researcher of the muscular and nervous systems, as well as sensory organs, laureate of the Lenin Prize and a member of the USSR Academy of Sciences.

Childhood. Education

The birth of Alexei Alekseevich Ukhtomsky took place on June 13 (25), 1875 in the small town of Rybinsk. There he spent his childhood and youth. This Volga city forever left in the soul of Alexei Alekseevich the warmest and most tender memories. He proudly called himself Volgar throughout his life. When the boy graduated from the elementary school, his father sent him to Nizhny Novgorod and sent him to the local cadet corps. The son obediently graduated from it, but military service was never the ultimate dream of a young man who was more attracted to such sciences as history and philosophy.

Fascination with philosophy

Ignoring military service, he went to Moscow and entered the theological seminary in two faculties at once - philosophical and historical. Deeply studying philosophy, Ukhtomsky began to think a lot about the eternal questions about the world, about man, about the essence of being. Eventually philosophical mysteries led him to study the natural sciences. As a result, he settled on physiology.

A.P. Borodin is known as an outstanding composer, the author of the opera "Prince Igor", the symphony "Bogatyrskaya" and other musical works.

He is much less known as a scientist who made an invaluable contribution to science in the field of organic chemistry.

Origin. early years

A.P. Borodin was the illegitimate son of the 62-year-old Georgian prince L. S. Genevanishvili and A.K. Antonova. He was born on October 31 (November 12), 1833.

He was recorded as the son of the serf servants of the prince - the spouses Porfiry Ionovich and Tatyana Grigoryevna Borodin. Thus, for eight years the boy was listed in his father's house as a serf. But before his death (1840), the prince gave his son free, bought him and his mother Avdotya Konstantinovna Antonova a four-story house, after marrying her to the military doctor Kleineke.

The boy, in order to avoid unnecessary rumors, was presented as the nephew of Avdotya Konstantinovna. Since Alexander's origin did not allow him to study at the gymnasium, he studied at home all the subjects of the gymnasium course, in addition to German and French, receiving an excellent education at home.