Quest Source: Decision 4352. USE 2017. Russian language. I.P. Tsybulko. 36 options.

Task 17. Arrange all punctuation marks: write the number (s) followed by the comma (s).

let gossip

amuse the soul with it.

Alexander Sergeich (1)

(5) really (6) sorry

what today

you are not alive.

(V.V. Mayakovsky)

Solution.

In this task, you need to put commas, highlighting introductory words or addresses.

1. Find in the text the words that answer the question "who, what?" If such a word is not the subject in the sentence, this is an appeal. Separate with commas.

let gossip

amuse the soul with it.

Alexander Sergeich (1)

but don't listen. (2) you (3) them!

2. Find introductory words in the text.

(5) really (6) sorry

what today

you are not alive.

Maybe - this is an introductory word that indicates the degree of probability. Indeed, in the middle of a sentence is a circumstance and is not separated by commas, this is an adverb.

3. Write out the numbers, in the place of which there should be commas in the sentence.

20-04-2008

“Everyone. Don't blame anyone for dying, and please don't gossip.
The deceased did not like this terribly "
(from the suicide note by V. Mayakovsky dated 04/12/1930)

Several preliminary remarks. This material is dedicated to a woman whom V. Mayakovsky loved and whom he intended to marry.

We are talking about Natalia Bryukhanenko. Mayakovsky is accused of not just “abandoning” her, but leaving her at a time when she was pregnant (I will not quote anyone: not the primary sources). Moreover, she is credited with words and thought: she was supposedly pregnant, had an abortion in vain, otherwise she would have received royalties.

Let us turn, however, to the diary entry from V.V. Katanyan's book "Patchwork Quilt": , because when she parted with Mayakovsky, there was not even a hint of her special condition, and in her memoirs this topic is not awakened at all - E.Sh.) Natalya Bryukhanenko said that her brother (does he have a name? - E.Sh .) went to M. for money for an abortion * - she was in the hospital herself (so gave M. money for an abortion? ...- E.Sh.). Then she regretted - she gave birth and would be rich, receiving literary inheritance. " And then he adds: “When L.Yu.B. I saw her at the funeral of M-th pregnant, she quietly, but sternly, asked: Is this from Volodya? "She frightenedly answered:" No, no ... "She already lived with Zusmanovich and was pregnant with Svetlana from him." to me to say "yes" - how would I live now! Although you can't fool Lilya ... "

* Note: in 1928/1929, the payment for an abortion was about 18-20 rubles - even with small salaries, this is an affordable price - I don't think that Natalia would, if she decisively broke off intimate relations, humiliately beg for alms - in the end , it was easier for her to call Mayakovsky, if there was no other way out (and her brother - why inform?), and tell the spicy news, ask for money ...

Svetlana was born on October 6, 1930, so N.B. could only at the beginning of January (and, as you can see, it was from someone - just not from Mayakovsky, who had a stormy romance with Polonskaya). This means that when Mayakovsky died, she was three months pregnant, which, if the dialogue is true, the observant L. Brik easily determined; but the question arises - at what point in the funeral did this short dialogue take place: there were so many distractions and such a crowd!

Further. Nadezhda Kozhevnikova in Gus-Buk (December 18, 2007), reacting to my publication about Mayakovsky, writes: “it’s over, it’s over, only before that he made a baby, her“ forever beloved ”Lilya Brik came to her and forced her to have an abortion. I know this from the words of my mother (Victoria Yuryevna, who was 12 years older than Bryukhanenko - E.Sh.), she was friends with Natasha and they corresponded. My father introduced them (Vadim Mikhailovich, it is fundamentally important in what year they met and when N.B. told V.Yu. her story - E.Sh.). I saw a photo of Bryukhanenko, but it is very monumental (here it is important - when and under what circumstances the photo of N.B. - E.Sh. appeared at V.M.).

By all appearances (stories to acquaintances, hiding information in memories, not informing Mayakovsky ...) that Natalya Aleksandrovna Bryukhanenko "retroactively" implanted the idea of ​​pregnancy from Mayakovsky with a subsequent abortion, that is, in fact, she spread gossip ...

And, finally, I remember that in one of the materials about Mayakovsky's women, the author casually, casually noticed that Mayakovsky had a certain Natalya Bryukhanenko, a "librarian", but for a short time, and generally went into the shadows and did not appear in his life again (that something like that).

I will conclude with the words of Anna Akhmatova (1889-1966): “People see only what they want to see, and hear only what they want to hear. On this property of human nature, ninety percent of monstrous rumors, false reputations, and sacred gossip are kept. "

So there is a need, if possible, to clarify this situation. I have spoken and will always affirm: it is necessary to rely only on the testimonies of those people who knew V. Mayakovsky directly, close, in direct contact, in communication, and their subjective opinion can always be compared with the same subjective opinion of other people. And what is surprising (and inspires confidence!) That the memoirs of Pavel Ilyich Lavut (1898-1979), Veronika Vitoldovna Polonskaya (1908-1994), Natalia Aleksandrovna Bryukhanenko herself (1905-1984), other contemporaries of Mayakovsky, coincide to the smallest detail when we are talking about Mayakovsky himself - in various aspects, sides, nuances of his personality and human nature. Observations and facts coincide.

N. Bryukhanenko was 20 years old when she met V. Mayakovsky. According to the formal arithmetic criterion, this is the year 1925. Mayakovsky is 12 years older (perhaps - 13 - as N.B. calculated). But back in 1920 - at the Polytechnic Museum - she listened as he read his "150,000,000". She already loved Mayakovsky the poet.

At the beginning of 1923, she entered the university "at the literary department of the Faculty of Social Sciences" (she was 18 years old). In this regard - a few words about the parents of "Natalochka" (as Mayakovsky called her, always referring to "you"): my father worked in a gymnasium, taught natural science, my mother taught - taught French. But it cannot be said unequivocally that N. Bryukhanenko was born and raised in a family of intellectuals, since her parents divorced when her daughter was only 5 years old. In 1917, when she was 11 years old, her mother died. Mom's sister in 1919 - she and her brother - sent to orphanages.

In the student club, she also listened to Mayakovsky's poems, including new ones. While still studying at the 1st Moscow State University (she switched to the second year), she went to work (1926) at the State Publishing House (she worked during the day, and listened to lectures in the evening - that was the way it was then). Everyone knew that Natasha was very fond of Mayakovsky's poems, fought with those who spoke badly about her beloved poet. It was at Mayakovsky's publishing house that he met N. Bryukhanenko, addressing her - "Comrade girl!" Immediately he asked her: "Who is your favorite poet?" She did not admit that he was Mayakovsky, she named Joseph Utkin (1903-1944).

On this day they were together; while walking, we met OM Brik (1888-1945), to whom Mayakovsky immediately said: “I really need such a beautiful and big one (of course, he meant growth - E.Sh.)”. The next meeting took place only in June 1927 (during this period he worked in the same publishing house as an assistant editor of the propaganda department).

Galina Dmitrievna Katanyan (1904-1991) in her memoirs about V. Mayakovsky - V. A. Katanyan's first wife (see my article in No. 557) and V. V. Katanyan's mother (1924-1999) describes in detail the meeting with N. Bryukhanenko and V. Mayakovsky at his dacha in Pushkino: “... Next to him is a girl, my age ... Greeting him, I do not take my eyes off the girl. I have never seen such a beauty. She is tall, large, with a proudly set small head. Some kind of radiance emanates from her, dimples on her cheeks shine, a white-toothed, ruddy smile, gray eyes. She is wearing a white linen blouse with a sailor's collar, her blond hair tied with a red kerchief. A sort of Juno in Komsomol guise.

Beautiful? - asks Vl. Vl., Noticing my gaze.

I nod silently.
The girl flashes and becomes even more beautiful. Mayakovsky introduces me to Natasha Bryukhanenko and looks at me questioningly. ... A smile wanders across his face, he is absent-minded, and, having fulfilled his master's duties, he again sits down next to Natasha.

And immediately forgets about me. ... At first I am a little embarrassed, but then I understand that I do not interfere with them, so they are absorbed in each other ... It is good for me to sit here with them, look at their beautiful, alarmedly beautiful faces ... Girlish hands covered with a light tan quietly stacked on the table. They are gentle and strong - and Mayakovsky's kind, large, lighter hand strokes them affectionately, fingering his long fingers. With a gentle, smooth movement, he lifts Natasha's hand and presses her palm to his cheek ... In my opinion, they did not even notice that I left. "

I think this can be left without comment - the essence of the relationship is so obvious and the desire of Mayakovsky to get out of the state of loneliness is understandable.

Natalia Bryukhanenko has a name day on August 26. On this day (they were in Yalta, where the poet gave his lectures) Mayakovsky presented her with a huge bouquet of flowers (roses), presented an expensive cologne (bought flowers and colognes at all kiosks), ordered a "huge birthday cake" ... September 15 they returned to Moscow. The first meeting with Lilya Brik (1891-1978) took place at the station, but it lasted for several moments, as Natalya "darted to the side and went home."

At this point in her story "Experienced" * she states: "I can't even say what impression I have left about this wonderful woman (emphasis mine - E.Sh.)"

On her birthday - November 28, 1927 - V. Mayakovsky from Novocherkassk sent a congratulatory telegram and a money order for 500 rubles (very big money at that time - the amount that allowed her to buy a winter coat; once, in the presence of Natasha, Lilya asked Mayakovsky to give she had 200 rubles for jam. It seemed to her that it was a lot: several monthly student scholarships!; then she realized: this is for the whole year, there are always a lot of guests, and Mayakovsky also loved jam). Filled with a sense of gratitude, she, at the same time, did not know how to contact Mayakovsky. I decided to call Leela. The morning call woke up Lilya Yuryevna, who did not ask or question about anything, but simply advised me to send a telegram to a well-known hotel in Rostov.

V. Mayakovsky, introducing "Natalochka" to a stranger, said: "My comrade is a girl." In notes dated 1928, she writes: "We did not have a real serious romance with him, it was funny to talk about close friendship between us then" (we are undoubtedly talking about the early period of our acquaintance). In the spring of 1928, Natalya came to Mayakovsky at his request, when he was ill (apartment in Gendrikov Lane). This is how she describes the meeting:

“I had a new boyish hairstyle, I was wearing a new brown suit with red trim, but I was in a bad mood and I was bored.

You don't know anything, - said Mayakovsky, - you don't even know that you have long and beautiful legs.

The word "long" somehow offended me. And in general, out of boredom, from the silence of the patient's room, I found fault and asked:

Now you think that I am good, beautiful, you need me. Even say that my legs are beautiful. So why don't you tell me that you love me?

I love Lilya. I can relate only good or VERY good to everyone else, but I can only love in second place. Do you want - I will love you in second place?

No! Don't love me at all, - I said, - you better treat me VERY good.

You are the right comrade, - said Mayakovsky. - "You can not love each other, but you must be careful ..." - he recalled what he had said to me at the beginning of our acquaintance, and with this joke the conversation ended.

This spring my lyrical relationship with Mayakovsky was over ”.

Another quote: “I went to Central Asia, Mayakovsky - abroad ... I began to see him much less often and everything was completely different. I have already made friends with both Lilya and Osia. Returning from Tashkent to Moscow at the end of December, I called and that same evening was invited to listen to the reading of a new play "The Bedbug" at their home. Sometimes I visited Mayakovsky on Lubyansky proezd, where he still treated me to rosemary and champagne, while he himself worked. "

Yes, from time to time N. Bryukhanenko met with V. Mayakovsky (but they were no longer lovers): they went to the theater, then to the Institute of Journalism, where he was supposed to perform (May 28, 1929), and in August she met by chance with him in Evpatoria. On September 20, she was present at the reading of the play "Bath" at Mayakovsky's apartment. She did not know that when Mayakovsky arrived from Paris, he told Leela about his feelings for Tatyana Yakovleva (1906-1991). In the presence of Natasha, he received a letter from the latter (January 1929). Natalya, agitated by Mayakovsky's reaction, called Leela, fearing that Mayakovsky was realizing his intention to shoot himself.

At the end of the year (Lilya Brik indicates the exact date - December 9th: "Volodya and Natasha Bryukhanenko compose a book from poster signatures") Mayakovsky offered Natasha to help him in drawing up drawings and poems for "Windows of ROSTA satire." The work was painstaking. "We have been doing this work for several days." The book "Terrible Laughter" with a foreword by V. Mayakovsky was published in 1932 - after the death of V. Mayakovsky.

In 1930, Natalia Bryukhanenko took an active part in the preparation of an exhibition dedicated to the 20th anniversary of the poetry of Vladimir Mayakovsky (the exhibition was opened on February 1, 1930 at the Writers' Club). But on December 30, she was present and took part in the New Year's celebration in Mayakovsky's apartment. Among the guests (and the apartment is small!) - Aseevs, Kirsanovs, Pearl, Kamensky, Rodchenko, Yanshin s Polonskaya, Natasha, Nazym Hikmet, Kassil ... - about 40 people. Later, Pasternak and Shklovsky approached, with whom Mayakovsky had a thorough quarrel that night.

Everyone gave gifts to the birthday man and portrayed something. G. Katanyan recalls: “Natasha brings in boots from the front and pretends to take something off them. Nobody can guess. It turns out: ... I took off my boots and dust particles from my boots.

Well, this is something deeply personal, - says Lilya.

Everyone perfectly understood the meaning of Lily's words. She also noticed that Mayakovsky was out of sorts. And he comments: “Today Volodya has le vin triste (sad wine - fr.)”.

Galina Katanyan, who has preserved these facts for us, recalls: “His face is gloomy, even when he dances with the dazzling Polonskaya (at that time - his woman, though having an unloved but respected husband ... - E.Sh.) a red dress, with Natasha (everything is typed in bold, - the author's underlining - E.Sh.), with me ... It can be seen that he is not at ease. "

On March 24, 1930, Natasha Bryukhanenko, working as the secretary of the Club Repertoire publication, had to sign an agreement with Mayakovsky in connection with the publication of his play Moscow is Burning. We will not go into the details of the project. Mayakovsky had to sign the manuscript for publication, make some corrections and additions. He refused to personally change anything in the text (which is completely unlike him!), Showing complete indifference, agreeing that Natasha herself should do everything that was needed. He was in a gloomy mood, he invited the guest to stay, to be with him, even to stay overnight, but due to her busyness, limited time, Natasha refused and left, leaving Mayakovsky in the apartment, where, except for the owner, there was no one else.

On April 10, the manuscript, fully prepared for printing, was sent to the printing house. On April 12, Mayakovsky wrote a suicide note, and on the 14th, he shot himself. I don’t know what would have changed in his fate if Natasha had stayed with him (in principle, this was an incomprehensible impulse of Mayakovsky, since during this period he had an affair with Veronika Polonskaya, whom he was determined to marry, and received from her consent, and on the day of his death, she also did not want to stay: she could not, she was in a hurry to the theater). And what would have happened if Lilya and Osya were there? But they were behind the cordon.

On the day of the funeral of Vladimir Mayakovsky (April 17, 1930), his body was cremated. Getting to the cemetery, and even more so to the crematorium, is an intractable task. Again I give the floor to Galina Katanyan, a witness of these tragic and sad events: “I was thrown by a human wave against the wall of the crematorium, on the side of the porch. I fell, hurt my leg, tore my stocking. In fear, pressing against the parapet, I stand with Olya Tretyakova and Natasha Bryukhanenko. The crowd tore us away from our friends, and we did not get into the crematorium ... Our absence was discovered, and Tretyakov runs out in search. He helps us climb the side of the parapet. Gasping, we run, holding on to each other, and the heavy doors of the crematorium are closing behind us. "

In my article about Lila Brik, the text of her letter to Stalin is given. As prescribed by the leader, the next day Yezhov received L. Brik (he was a silk one!), Who had arrived from Leningrad. Again, thanks to Galina Katanyan, we can find out what happened next. “Having rushed to Spasopeskovsky,” she recalls, “we found Zhemchuzhnykh, Osya, Natasha, Leva Grinkrug (1889-1987, cinematographer, close friend of Mayakovsky, Lily and Osi Brik, Elsa Triolet - E.Sh.) there. Lilya was at Yezhov's. We waited a long time. They were terribly worried ... She read Stalin's resolution, which she was given to write off ... We were simply shocked. We did not expect such a complete fulfillment of our hopes and desires. We yelled, hugged, kissed Lilya, raged ... A green street was opened for her (Lilya - E.Sh.) ... So Mayakovsky's posthumous confession began. "

Thus, both during Mayakovsky's life and after his death, Natasha Bryukhanenko remained a friend, comrade, girlfriend, ally, faithful to the cause and the name of Mayakovsky, which she also supported with stories about her, distant past, in scientific terms, - a hypothetical pregnancy (according to time and throughout - it does not work).

From the memoirs of Natalia Bryukhanenko and other authors, it clearly follows that there are no sufficient grounds for generalizing statements that she was pregnant with Mayakovsky, that she had quite normal relations with Lilya Brik (who for some reason did not want Mayakovsky to marry Natasha - this there is written evidence - her letter to Mayakovsky, and all hypotheses on this matter are hardly close to the truth) that she respected Lilya Yuryevna Brik, that she never broke with Mayakovsky (although she was not always his woman), that she kept to him forever a deep sense of love and respect ...

We know little about the life of N. Bryukhanenko after the death of V. Mayakovsky (and she outlived him by 54 years!). In the memoirs of Vasily Katanyan-son "Patchwork quilt" there is a date - April 15: "... I remembered 1935 in Kratovo near Moscow. Mom and Dad rented a dacha there, and I.S. Zilberstein * lived next to him with his wife N. Bryukhanenko and his stepdaughter Svetlana **, whom he always loved very much ... - Rina Zelyonaya - E.Sh.) five-year-old Svetlana ... "

And here is what he writes on May 25 (1988 - the exact year of Zilberstein's death): “Ilya Samoilovich Zilberstein died. We became close in recent years, he helped the publication of his father's posthumous book, and we talked with his wife N.B. Volkova (Natalya Borisovna - director of the Russian State Academy of Literature and Arts - E.Sh.) and with him. And I have known him since the pre-war times, when he was Bryukhanenko's husband, and it frightened me that in 1935, when we all lived in Kratovo, he came and the first thing he did was give himself an injection of insulin, shuddering. He was a very educated, talented, categorical and fair person, and we sincerely grieve for him. "

* Zilbershtein Ilya Samoilovich (1905-1988) - literary critic, literary critic, art critic, doctor of art history; one of the founders and editor of the collections "Literary Heritage" (in No. 66 the article was expected to be published by Elsa Triolet - 1896-1970 - "New about Mayakovsky", but the publication was blocked, the 67th volume came out immediately, and the reason for this was the publication in No. 65 letters from Mayakovsky to Lilya Brik: a scandal!), founder of the Museum of Private Collections on Volkhonka (Moscow), laureate of the USSR State Prize (1979), member of the USSR Writers' Union ... Legendary personality!

** Uspenskaya Svetlana Markovna (6.10.1930-15.11.1980). Uspenskaya - married. Vladimir Andreevich Uspensky (born November 27, 1930) - Russian mathematician, linguist, student of A.N. Kolmogorov, publicist, Doctor of Physics and Mathematics since 1964 (works on mathematical logic, linguistics ...)

VA Uspensky in his memoirs "Walk with Lotman * and secondary modeling" writes: "... Elva near Tartu ... My five-year-old son Volodya was sent there in the summer of 1964 with his grandmother, and my mother-in-law, Natalia Alexandrovna Bryukhanenko ... After a while, my wife Svetlana and I went there, in order to stay near my son ... "

* Lotman Yuri Mikhailovich (1922-1993) - Russian literary critic, culturologist, founder of the famous Tartust semiotic school, creator of a new direction in literary criticism ... Lotman's death on October 28, 1993 caused a stir in the scientific world. He was a member of a number of NA.

The pinnacle of Natalya Alexandrovna Bryukhanenko's career was the position of director of film crews at the Central Documentary Film Studio.

Let's return to the question of N. Bryukhanenko's “pregnancy”. There is some reason to believe (although the named names shake them up) that she is being confused with Sophia Shamardina (1893-1980). She, indeed, was pregnant by V. Mayakovsky, but in every possible way hid it from him, he was informed by common acquaintances who tried to separate her from Mayakovsky. - Korney Chukovsky (who introduced her to Mayakovsky in 1913), Viktor Khovin (ill-wisher of Brikov), I. Severyanin (passionately in love with Sonya ...). "And it was not from me that Mayakovsky learned about my pregnancy, and about physically premature birth (late abortion), which was organized by my" rescuers "." - Sophia frankly admits. And he continues: “And this was when I had such a thirst for motherhood that only the fear of having a sick freak forced me to agree to this (she was very ill with a sore throat - E.Sh.). This was done by "friends". I didn't want to see Mayakovsky and asked him not to tell him anything about me ... I never returned to my former closeness. "

A conversation took place between Mayakovsky and S. Shamardina:

You must return to me. “I don’t owe anything. - What do you want? - Nothing. - Do you want us to get married? - No. - Do you want a child? - Not from you. - I'll go to your mother and tell you everything. - Dont go. (This was in 1914).

That's all. In 1917, she gave birth to a son, whose father is a certain Alexander Protasov. The life of S.S. Shamardina deserves to be written about it separately (not only in connection with the name of Mayakovsky).

In conclusion, I will say the same thing with which I began the article, and I will call on a woman for help - G.D. Katanyan - who had reason to hate Lilya Brik (see my article about Lilya Brik), and who had a lot to do with Mayakovsky (after of his death, she, at the request of L. Brik, dismantled his archive, on her portable typewriter typed the first volume of his poetry, helping her husband - Vasily Abgarovich Katanyan ...); who read everything that was written about Mayakovsky. She writes: "... the poet's enemies did not take into account either his will or the facts: I have not read so many malicious gossip and slander about any of the poet's contemporaries."

Mikhail Mikhailovich Yanshin * agrees with her, saying: “Everyone who could kick (his) hoof ... Everyone kicked. And friends, everyone who could ... There was not a single person next to him. Not a single one at all. This does not happen at all ... "

* M.M. Yanshin (1902-1976) - theater and film actor, at that time the husband of V.V. Polonskaya.

VV Katanyan in the book (528 pp.) "Patchwork Quilt" (fragments of diary entries), published after the death of the author, said: "... I despise gossip and rumors, especially on TV and in newspapers. And in memoirs it is even worse, they climb into history and remain there forever. " And so it happened with "N. Bryukhanenko's pregnancy" - not without the help of VV Katanyan.

You can cite facts, but then there is a danger of getting away from the topic - Natalya Aleksandrovna Bryukhanenko and Vladimir Vladimirovich Mayakovsky.

© by Yefim Shmukler, 2008. All right reserved.

Arrange any missing punctuation marks: specify the digit (s), in the place of which (s) in the sentence should be a comma (s).

You (1) Capulet (2) follow me,

I'm waiting for you (3) Montague (4) in Villafranca

On this case during the day.

So (5) on pain of death - disperse!

(William Shakespeare)

Explanation (see also Rule below).

Here's the correct spelling.

This time, let the people disperse.

You, Capulet, follow me,

And I'm waiting for you Montague, in Villafranca

On this case during the day.

so, on pain of death - disperse!

Commas 1 and 2; 3 and 4 for calls; 5 for the introductory word.

Answer: 12345

Answer: 12345

Relevance: Current academic year

Difficulty: normal

Codifier section: Punctuation marks in sentences with words and constructions grammatically unrelated to the members of the sentence

Rule: Task 18. Introductory words and address

In task 18, the ability to put punctuation marks on words that are grammatically unrelated to a sentence is tested. These include introductory words (constructions, phrases, sentences), plug-in constructions and addresses

In the USE 2016-2017, one part of the 18 tasks will be presented in the form of a narrative sentence with introductory words

The dacha (1) can be (2) called the cradle, from which each of us began to comprehend the world, at first limited to a garden, then a huge street, then plots and (3) finally (4) the entire suburban side.

The other part (judging by the demo version and the book by I.P. Tsybulko Typical exam materials 2017) will look like this:

Arrange punctuation marks: indicate the number (s), in the place of which (s) in the sentence should be (s) a comma (s).

Listen (1) maybe (2) when we leave

Forever this world, where our souls are so cold,

Perhaps (3) in a country where they do not know deception,

You (4) will be an angel, I will become a demon!

Swear then forget (5) darling (6)

For a former friend, all the happiness of paradise!

Let (7) a gloomy exile, condemned by fate,

You will be paradise, and you will be the universe for me!

(M.Yu. Lermontov)

Consider the rules and concepts required to complete this type of task.

17.1 The general concept of introductory words and the basic rule for their selection.

Introductory words are words (or phrases) that are not grammatically related to a sentence and add additional semantic connotations. For example: Obviously, communication with children develops many good qualities in a person; Fortunately, the secret remained a secret.

These values ​​are transmitted not only by introductory words, but also introductory sentences... For example: Evening, Do you remember, the blizzard was angry ..... (Pushkin).

The introductory units are adjacent plug-in structures, which contain various additional comments, corrections and clarifications. Plug-in constructions, like introductory ones, are not associated with other words in the sentence. They cut the offer abruptly. For example: Foreign Literature Journals (two) I ordered to send to Yalta ; Masha talked to him about Rossini (Rossini just came into fashion), about Mozart.

The main mistake of most writers is associated with inaccurate knowledge of the list of introductory words. Therefore, first of all, you should learn which words can be introductory, which groups of introductory words can be highlighted and which words are never introductory.

GROUPS OF INTRODUCTORY WORDS.

1. introductory words expressing the speaker's feelings in connection with what was said: fortunately, unfortunately, unfortunately, unfortunately, unfortunately, unfortunately, what good ...

2. introductory words expressing the speaker's assessment of the degree of reliability of what he said: of course, undoubtedly, of course, undoubtedly, obviously, certainly, probably, possibly, true, maybe, it must be, it seems, apparently, apparently, essentially, in essence, I think ... This group of introductory words is the most numerous.

3. introductory words indicating the sequence of thoughts expressed and their connection with each other: firstly, so, therefore, in general, it means, by the way, further, however, finally, on the one hand… This group is also quite large and cunning.

4. introductory words indicating techniques and ways of forming thoughts: in a word, in other words, in other words, or rather, more precisely, so to speak ...

5. introductory words indicating the source of the message: they say, in my opinion, in words ..., according to rumors, according to information ..., in my opinion ..., in my opinion, I remember ...

6. introductory words, which are the speaker's address to the interlocutor: see (do), you know, understand, forgive, please, agree ...

7. introductory words indicating the assessment of the measure of what is said: at the most, at least ...

8. introductory words showing the degree of commonality of what was said: it happens, it happened, as usual ...

9. introductory words expressing the expressiveness of the utterance: joking apart, it's funny to say, frankly speaking, between us ...

17.1. 1 ARE NOT INTRODUCTORY WORDS and therefore the following words are not separated by commas in the letter:

literally, as if, in addition, all of a sudden, after all, there, there, hardly, after all, in the end, hardly, even, precisely, exclusively, as if, as if, just, meanwhile, almost, therefore, therefore, approximately, approximately, moreover, moreover, simply, decisively, as if ... - this group includes particles and adverbs, which most often turn out to be mistakenly isolated as introductory ones.

by tradition, by advice ..., by order ..., by request ..., by order ..., by design ... - these combinations act as non-separate (non-comma-separated) members of the sentence:

On the advice of her older sister, she decided to enter Moscow State University.

By order of the doctor, the patient was put on a strict diet.

17.1. 2 Depending on the context, the same words can act either as introductory words or as members of a sentence.

MAYS and MAYBE, SHOULD BE, SEEMS (FEELING) act as inputs if they indicate the degree of reliability of the reported:

Maybe, will I come tomorrow? Our teacher has been gone for two days; may be, he is ill. You, should be, for the first time you meet such a phenomenon. I AM, seems, I saw him somewhere.

The same words can appear in the role of predicates:

What can meeting you bring me? How can a person be so dispensable! This should be your own decision. It all seems very suspicious to me. Note: you can never throw out its predicate from a sentence, but the introductory word can.

OBVIOUS, POSSIBLY, VISIBLY turn out to be introductory if they indicate the degree of reliability of the statement:

You, obviously, do you want to apologize for your act? Next month I, Maybe, I'm leaving to rest. You, it is seen do you want to tell us the whole truth?

The same words can be part of the predicates:

It became obvious to everyone that they had to look for another way to solve the problem. This became possible thanks to the coordinated actions of the fire brigade. The sun is not visible because of the clouds.

PROBABLY, TRUE, EXACTLY, NATURALLY turn out to be introductory when indicating the degree of reliability of the reported (in this case, they are interchangeable or can be replaced by words of this group that are close in meaning) - You, probably (= should be) and you don't understand how important it is to do it on time. You, right, and is there the same Sidorov? She, exactly, was a beauty. All this reasoning naturally, so far only our assumptions.

The same words turn out to be members of the sentence (circumstances) - He correctly (= correctly, the circumstance of the course of action) translated the text. Probably I don’t know (= for sure, the circumstance of the course of action), but he had to do it to spite me. The student has solved the problem accurately (= correctly). This naturally (= naturally) led us to the only correct answer.

BTW, it is an introductory word if it indicates the connection of thoughts:

He's a good athlete. by the way, he studies well too.

The same word does not act as an introductory one in the meaning of "at the same time":

I'll go for a walk and buy some bread by the way.

BETWEEN THE OTHER turns out to be an introductory word, indicating the connection of thoughts:

Her parents, girlfriends and, by the way, the best friend against the trip.

This word can be used as a non-introductory word in the context:

He made a long speech, in which, among other things, he noted that he would soon become our boss.

FIRST OF ALL, as an introductory word, indicates the connection of thoughts:

First of all(= first), is it necessary to bring up such a sensitive topic at all?

The same word can act as a circumstance of time (= first):

First of all, I want to say hello from your parents.

It must be said that in the same phrase "first of all" can be considered as introductory, or not, depending on the will of the author.

REALLY, UNDEFINITELY, UNCONDITIONALLY, PROPERLY will be introductory if they indicate the degree of reliability of the reported:

From this hill really(= sure, in fact, without any doubt), it was the best view. Undoubtedly(= really, really) your child is capable of music. He, undoubtedly, read this novel. - or to the reception of the formation of thoughts - Here, actually, and the whole story.

The same words are not introductory if they act in other meanings:

I really am what you imagined me to be (= really, really). He was undoubtedly a talented composer (= no doubt, really). She is certainly right in offering us such a simple way to solve the problem (= very even, quite right). I didn't really have anything against the school, but I didn't want to go to this one (= in general, exactly). The words "really" and "certainly", depending on the intonation suggested by the speaker, can be either introductory or not in the same context.

AND, after, she turned out to be a celebrity. Further, we will talk about our findings. Thus(= so) our results do not contradict those obtained by other scientists. She is smart, beautiful and, finally, she is very kind to me. What, eventually, do you want from me? Usually sentences containing the above words complete a series of enumerations, the words themselves have the meaning "and more". In the context above, the words "first", "second", "on the one hand", etc. may be encountered. "Thus" in the sense of the introductory word turns out to be not only the completion of the enumeration, but also the output.

The same words are not highlighted as introductory in the meanings: "in this way" = "in this way":

Thus, he was able to move the heavy cabinet.

Typically, in the previous context, the circumstances of the time are encountered, such as "first". "Then" = "then, after that":

And then he became a famous scientist.

"Finally" = "at the end, at last, after everything, as a result of everything":

Finally, all the cases were successfully completed. Usually, in this sense, the particle "-that" can be added to the word "finally", which cannot be done if "finally" is the introductory word. In the same meanings as indicated above for "finally", the combination "finally" is not introductory:

In the end (= as a result) an agreement was reached.

HOWEVER, it is introductory if it appears in the middle or at the end of a sentence:

Rain, but, was already the second week, despite forecasts of weather forecasters. How clever I am but!

"However" does not turn out to be an introductory one at the beginning of a sentence and at the beginning of a part of a complex sentence, when it acts as an adversarial union (= but): However, people did not want to believe in his good intentions. We weren't hoping for a meeting, but we were lucky.

We draw your attention to the fact that sometimes the word "however" can appear at the beginning of a sentence, but not perform the function of a union: but, it's incredibly difficult.

GENERALLY, it is introductory in the meaning of "generally speaking" when it indicates the way of forming thoughts:

His works, generally, is of interest only to a narrow circle of specialists. In other meanings, the word "in general" is an adverb in the meaning "as a whole, absolutely, in all respects, under all conditions, always":

Ostrovsky is for Russian theater what Pushkin is for literature in general. Under the new law, smoking in the workplace is generally prohibited.

IN MY, IN YOUR, IN YOUR, IN OUR, IN YOUR opinion are introductory, indicating the source of the message:

Your child, to my mind caught a cold. It, In your, proves something? The word "in his own way" is not introductory: He is right in his own way.

Of course, it is most often introductory, indicates the degree of reliability of the statement:

We, Certainly, ready to help you in everything.

Sometimes this word is not isolated if it is intonationally highlighted in a tone of confidence, conviction. In this case, the word "of course" is considered an amplifying particle: I would certainly agree if you had warned me in advance.

IN ANY CASE, it is more often introductory and is used to assess:

I AM, anyway, I would not like to remember this. These words, anyway, testify to the seriousness of his attitude towards life.

In the meaning of "always, under any circumstances", this combination is not introductory:

I AM anyway was supposed to meet him today and talk to him.

IN REALITY, it is more often NOT introductory, speaking in the meaning of "really" - Petya is really well versed in computers. I really have nothing to do with it. Less often, this phrase turns out to be introductory, if it serves to express bewilderment, indignation - What are you, Indeed, are you making yourself a smart guy?

IN CURRENT it can be introductory, when it indicates the connection of thoughts or the way of forming thoughts:

Among many modern writers, Vladimir Sorokin is of interest, and among his books, in turn, you can especially highlight "Roman". Asking me to help him in his work, he, in turn, too, did not mess around. The same phrase can be non-viable in the meanings "in response", "on my part" (= when it’s turn) - Masha, in turn, talked about how she spent the summer.

MEAN is introductory if it can be replaced by the words "hence", "therefore":

The message is complex, means, it needs to be handed over today. The rain has already ended means, we can go for a walk. If she fights so hard with us means she feels right.

This word may turn out to be a predicate, close in meaning to "means":

The dog means more to him than his wife. When you are truly friends with a person, it means that you trust him in everything. "Means" can be between the subject and the predicate, especially when they are expressed by infinitives. In this case, a dash is placed before "means":

To be offended means to admit that you are weak. Friendship means trusting your friend.

CONVERSE is an introductory one if it indicates a connection of thoughts:

He didn't want to hurt her, but, vice versa, tried to ask her for forgiveness. Instead of playing sports, she vice versa, sits at home all day.

The combination "and vice versa", which can act as a homogeneous member of a sentence, is not an introductory one, it is used as a word replacing a whole sentence or part of it:

In the spring, girls change: brunettes become blondes and vice versa (i.e. blondes are brunettes). The more you study, the higher the grades you get, and vice versa (that is, if you do little, the grades will be bad; the comma before "and" appears at the end of a part of the sentence - it turns out, as it were, a compound sentence, where "on the contrary" replaces it with the second part). I know that he will fulfill my request and vice versa (that is, I will fulfill it, before "and" there is no comma, since "on the contrary" replaces a homogeneous clause).

AT LEAST introductory if grades matter:

Misha, at least, knows how to behave, and does not pick in his teeth with a fork.

This phrase can be used in the meanings "not less than", "at least", then it is not isolated:

She will at least know that her father did not live his life in vain. At least five of the class must take part in cross-country skiing.

FROM THE POINT OF VIEW, is introductory in the meaning "in opinion":

From my grandmother's point of view, the girl should not wear pants. Her answer from the point of view of examiners, deserves the highest praise.

The same turnover can have the meaning "in relation" and then it is not introductory:

The work is going according to plan in terms of timing. If we evaluate the behavior of the heroes of some literary works from the point of view of modern morality, then it should be considered immoral.

IN PARTICULAR, it stands out as an introductory, if it indicates the connection of thoughts in the statement: She is interested, in particular, the question of the contribution of this scientist to the development of the theory of relativity. The firm is actively involved in charitable activities and, in particular, helps orphanage No. 187.

If the combination IN PARTICULAR was found at the beginning or at the end of the connecting structure, then it is not separated from this structure (this will be discussed in more detail in the next section):

I love books about animals, in particular about dogs. My friends, in particular Masha and Vadim, were vacationing in Spain this summer. The specified combination is not distinguished as an introductory one if it is connected by the union "and" with the word "in general":

The conversation turned to politics in general and, in particular, to recent government decisions.

MAINLY it is introductory, when it serves to evaluate a fact, its emphasis in a statement: The textbook should be rewritten and, mainly, add such chapters to it ... The room was used on special occasions and, mainly, for the organization of ceremonial dinners.

This combination can be part of the connecting structure, in this case, if it is at its beginning or at the end, it is not separated from the structure itself by a comma:

Many Russian people mainly representatives of the intelligentsia did not believe the promises of the government.

In the meaning of "first of all", "most of all", this combination is not introductory and is not isolated:

He was afraid of writing mainly because of his illiteracy. I like him mainly about his attitude towards his parents.

FOR EXAMPLE will always be introductory, but it is formatted differently. It can be separated by commas on both sides:

Pavel Petrovich is a person extremely attentive to his appearance, for example, he carefully looks after his nails. If "for example" appears at the beginning or at the end of an already isolated member, then it is not separated by a comma from this turnover:

In many big cities for example in Moscow, an unfavorable environmental situation is developing. Some works of Russian writers, for example"Eugene Onegin" or "War and Peace" served as the basis for the creation of feature films not only in Russia, but also in other countries. In addition, after "for example" there can be a colon, if "for example" is after a general word before a number of homogeneous members:

Some fruits can cause allergies, for example: oranges, tangerines, pineapple, red berries.

17.1.3 There are special cases of punctuation marks in introductory words.

To highlight introductory words and sentences, not only commas can be used, but also dashes, as well as combinations of dashes and commas.

These cases are not included in the secondary school course and are not used in the USE assignments. But some of the phrases that are often used need to be remembered. Here are examples from the Rosenthal Punctuation Handbook.

So, if the introductory combination forms an incomplete construction (any word that can be restored from the context is missing), then it is separated by a comma and a dash: Makarenko has repeatedly emphasized that pedagogy is based, one side, on boundless trust in a person, and with another- on high requirements for him; Chichikov ordered to stop for two reasons: one side to give rest to the horses, with another- to rest and refresh yourself(the comma before the subordinate clause is "absorbed" by the dash); One side, it was important to make an urgent decision, but caution was required - with another.

17.2 General concept of treatment and the basic rule of its allocation.

For the first time included in the USE assignments in 2016-2017. Students have to look for references in poetry, which greatly complicates the task.

Appeals are words that name the person to whom they are speaking. The address has the form of a nominative case and is pronounced with a special intonation: Tatyana, dear Tatyana! With you now I shed tears... Appeals are usually expressed with animate nouns, as well as adjectives and participles in the meaning of nouns. For example: Use life living ... In fictional speech, inanimate nouns can also be addressed. For example: Make noise, make noise obedient sail ; Don't make noise rye, ripe ear.

Personal pronouns you and you tend to be not in the role of appeal, and in the role of the subject: Sorry, peaceful valleys, and you , familiar mountains tops, and you , familiar forests!

17.1.2. There are also more complex rules for highlighting calls.

1. If the address at the beginning of the sentence is pronounced with an exclamation intonation, then an exclamation mark is placed after it (the word following the address is written with a capital letter): Old man! Forget about the former; Young native of Naples! What did you leave in Russia on the field?

2. If the address is at the end of a sentence, then a comma is placed in front of it, and after it - the punctuation mark that is required by the content and intonation of the sentence: Think master of culture; Hello to you, people of peaceful labor !; Are you here, dear?; You are a pig brother…

3. Repeated calls are separated by comma or exclamation mark: Wide steppe, deserted steppe, why are you looking so cloudy ?; Hello, wind, formidable wind, tailwind of world history!; Vaska! Vaska! Vaska! Great!

4.Homogeneous treatment, united by a union and or Yes, not comma separated: Sing along people, cities and rivers! Sing along mountains, steppes and fields!; Hello, the sun and the morning is cheerful!

5. If there are several calls to the same person located in different places of the sentence, each of them is separated by commas: Ivan Ilyich, order brother, about the snack; ... I because Thomas isn't it better brother, breake down?

6. If a widespread appeal is "broken" in other words - members of the proposal, then each part of the appeal is separated by commas according to the general rule: Stronger horse, hit, hoof rapping step! ; For blood and tears who yearned for reckoning we see you forty first year.

Alexander Sergeevich, let me introduce. Mayakovsky. Give me your hand! Here is the ribcage. Listen, no longer a knock, but a groan; I'm worried about him, in a humble lion cub puppy. I never knew that there were so many thousand tons in my shamefully frivolous little head. I'm dragging you. Are you surprised, of course? Got it? Painfully? Sorry dear. I, and you too, have eternity in reserve. What do we have to lose an hour or two ?! As if water - let's rush chatting, as if spring is free and uninhibited! In the sky, the moon is so young that it is risky to release it without satellites. I am now free from love and from posters. The bear lies with the skin of jealousy. You can make sure that the ground is sloping - sit on your own buttocks and roll! No, I will not impose myself in a black melancholic, and I don’t want to talk to anyone. Only the gills of rhymes are speeded up by people like us, on the poetic sand. Harm is a dream, and it is useless to daydream, you need to hear the official tedium. But it happens - life arises in a different context, and you understand a lot through nonsense. We have repeatedly attacked the lyrics with hostility, we are looking for precise and naked speech. But poetry is the most delightful contraption: it exists - and does not kick in the tooth. For example, is this being said or is it bleating? Blue-faced, in an orange mustache, by the biblical Nebuchadnezzar - "Koopsah". Give us glasses! I know the old way of blowing blame in grief, but look - the Red and White Star "s * float out with a heap of various visas. I am pleased with you, - I am glad that you are at the table. Muse deftly pulls you by the tongue, How is it with you used to say Olga? .. Yes, not Olga! from Onegin's letter to Tatiana. - Say, your husband is a fool and an old gelding, I love you, be sure to be mine, I must be sure right now that I will see you in the afternoon. There were all kinds of things: standing under the window, letters, shaking nervous jelly. That’s when it’s not even able to grieve - this, Alexander Sergeich, is much harder. Ayda, Mayakovsky! Lighthouse to the south! Rhyme your heart with rhymes - so the skiff has come, dear Vladim Vladimych. No, it's not old age! I'm putting the stirrup forward, I'll be happy to cope with two, and to piss off - and three. -E-n! Entre nous ** ... so that the censor does not natzik. Let me tell you - they say - they even saw two members of the All-Russian Central Executive Committee in love. tili gossip, indulge the soul with it. Alexander Sergeich, don't listen to them! Maybe I'm the only one who really regrets that you are not alive today. During my lifetime I need to come to an agreement with you. Soon I will die and be dumb. After death, we stand almost next to us: you are on Pe, and I am on eM. Who is between us? with whom tell me to know ?! My country is too poor for poets. Between us - that's the problem - Nadson interposed. We will ask him to go somewhere to Shcha! And Kolya Nekrasov, the son of the late Alyosha, is at cards, he is in verse, and so looks good. Do you know him? here he is a good man. Let this company be worth it. What about the contemporaries ?! Wouldn't have miscalculated, having given fifty for you. From yawning cheekbones unfolds as much! Dorogoichenko, Gerasimov, Kirillov, Rodov - what a unique landscape! Well Yesenin, a manly pack. Laughter! A cow with laek gloves. Once you listen ... but this is from the choir! Balalaika! It is necessary that the poet be a master in life. We are as strong as alcohol in Poltava damask. Well, what about Bezymensky ?! So ... nothing ... carrot coffee. True, we have Aseev Kolka. This one can. His grip is mine. But you have to earn how much! Small but family. Were they alive, they would become a co-editor according to Lef, I could trust you with agitation. Once I would have shown: - like this, they say, and so and so ... You could - you have a good syllable. I would give you fatness and cloth, I would give you Gum ladies for advertising. (I even pissed on iambic, just to be nicer to you.) Now you would have to throw a burnt iambic. Today our feathers - bayonet and pitchfork teeth - are battles of revolutions more serious than "Poltava", and love is more grandiose than Onegin's love. Fear the Pushkinists. Old-brain Plyushkin, holding a feather, will climb with the rusty one. - Also, they say, Pushkin appeared at the lefs. Here is the arap! but it competes with Derzhavin ... I love you, but alive, not a mummy. Brought a textbook gloss. In my opinion, during your lifetime - I think - you also raged. African! Son of a bitch Dantes! High society Skoda. We would have asked him: - Who are your parents? What did you do before the 17th year? - Only this Dantes would have seen. However, what is the chatter! Spiritualism, sort of. So to speak, a slave of honor ... slain by a bullet ... There are still a lot of them today - all kinds of hunters to our wives. It's good here in the Land of the Soviets. You can live, you can work together. Only now, unfortunately, there are no poets - however, maybe this is not necessary. Well, it’s time: the dawn of the beams has deflated. As if the policeman did not begin to search. Tverskoy Boulevard is very used to you. Well, let's sit on a pedestal. I would be entitled to a monument during my lifetime. I would have pledged dynamite - well, bite! I hate all kinds of carrion! I love all kinds of life!

* (Red and White Stars)

** (Between us (French).)

Note

Jubilee * For the first time-zhurn. "Lef", M.-P, 1924, No. 2.

* (Notes to the poem "Jubilee" were compiled by V. Makarov.)

Written in connection with the 125th anniversary of the birth of A.S. Pushkin, celebrated in the country on June 6, 1924.

In the surviving autograph of the poem, the date is set - "12 / VII-1926". apparently by the editor when preparing the text for the first publication.

In the last years of his life, Mayakovsky repeatedly returned to defending his position in relation to the classics, primarily to Pushkin, citing the poem "Jubilee" in support of his thought.

I am now free from love and from posters... - We are talking about the severance of love relations with L. Yu. Brik ("free from love") and about the termination of Mayakovsky's work on posters for the Glavpolitprosvet (1922).

The bear lies with the skin of jealousy.- Here Mayakovsky returns to one of his metaphorical motives of the poem "About this": "Through the first grief, senseless, ardent, the brain of extortion, the beast scratches itself", etc.

"Koopsah" - in this case the abbreviated name of the Sugar Industry Cooperation is given; its signs and advertisements depicted a sugar loaf on a blue background with orange rays radiating in different directions.

Red and While Star "s (English) - transoceanic shipping companies. Back in 1924, Mayakovsky intended to go to America, but did not receive a visa.

...I have to be sure right now in the morning...- Mayakovsky paraphrases lines from Chapter VIII of "Eugene Onegin": "In the morning I must be sure that I will see you in the afternoon." Mayakovsky knew by heart many of Pushkin's works and often read them aloud. Georgian actress Nato Vachnadze, who visited the poet in 1926, recalls: "At the appointed time I came to Vladimir Vladimirovich at Lubyanka ... On the table, near the ottoman, was a volume of Pushkin." But I don’t fall asleep without Pushkin - this is my favorite book, ”Mayakovsky told me” (“Mayakovsky in the memoirs of family and friends.” Moscow, “Moskovsky Rabochy”, 1968).

They say - I am the topic and-n-d-and-in-and-d-u-a-l-e-n!- Mayakovsky has in mind the facts of his literary biography related to the attitude of contemporary (including Lef's) criticism to the poem About This.

Between us ... Nadson was talking.- Nadson. Semyon Yakovlevich (1862-1887) - Russian poet His poetry. especially in the last years of her life, she expressed disappointment, powerlessness, a feeling of hopeless melancholy that engulfed broad strata of the petty-bourgeois intelligentsia at the end of the 19th century. Proposing to send Nadson “somewhere to Shcha,” Mayakovsky emphasizes that in poetry, which does not carry creative power (despite the fact that in the initial period in the work of Nadson a certain place was also occupied by civic themes), one cannot see the continuation and development of the traditions of Pushkin and Nekrasov

Dorogoichenko, Alexey Yakovlevich (1894-1947) - Soviet writer who began his career with ordinary poetry.

Gerasimov, Mikhail Prokofievich (1889-1939), Kirillov, Vladimir Timofeevich (1890-1943) - poets of the literary group "Forge".

Childbirth - see notes to the poem "I Protest!" (p. 380).

Well, what about Bezymensky ?! So ... nothing ... carrot coffee.- Bezymensky A.I. (1898-1973) - Soviet poet. His poems of those years, revolutionary in content, in some cases were sluggish in form.

True, we have Aseev Kolka. This one can. His grip is mine. But you have to earn how much! Small but family- Aseev (Stalbaum), Nikolai Nikolaevich (pseudonyms: Bul-Bul and, collective, Asgotret - from the first syllables of the surnames: Aseev N N., Gorodetsky S. M., Tretyakov S. M.) * (1889-1963) - Soviet poet, one of the active participants in the Lef magazine, a member of its editorial board. In his review about Aseev, Mayakovsky noted not only the positive side of his talent ("This one can") - the main thing that, in Mayakovsky's opinion, connected their friendship - but also drew attention to the negative side of Aseev's work, which is illustrated by the second part of the characteristics given to him ("But you have to earn how much!"). This implies the danger from which Mayakovsky warned Aseev: literary haste, insufficient polishing, indistinct civic position in some cases. Mayakovsky was characterized by a sense of great responsibility for the quality of Soviet poetry as a whole, and he expressed in his definition the thought expressed by K. Marx: “A writer, of course, must earn money in order to be able to exist and write, but in no case should he exist and write in order to earn money "(K. Marx and F. Engels. Soch., ed. 2nd. M., State. ed. political literature, 1955, vol. 1, p. 76). Creative communication with V.V. Mayakovsky (since 1913) helped to shape Aseev's talent.

* (See I. F. Masanov. Dictionary of pseudonyms. Ed. All-Union Book Chamber, M., 1941 - 1949, vols. 1, 3 and M., 1956-1960, vols. fourteen.)

Aseev, like Mayakovsky, did not hesitate to accept the Great October Socialist Revolution, but his attitude towards it was not as clear and definite as that of Mayakovsky. Aseev understood that life was carrying him in the "direction of the new," but "this new was not yet a world outlook." "For me ... it was rather a way out of the old, an opportunity, a presentiment, something that was expressed in a short definition" it won't get any worse ", a definition that put many on an irrevocable path" (Aseev N. The Poet's Diary. L., 1929, page 41). “But just as the acceptance of the October Revolution for Aseev did not mean its full understanding, so his closeness to Mayakovsky could not in itself be a guarantee against possible creative mistakes. (1923) V. Mayakovsky and "Lyrical digression" (1924) N. Aseev (V. P. Rakov. Mayakovsky and Soviet poetry of the 1920s. M., "Enlightenment", 1976, p. 164). In the poem " Lyrical digression "Aseev first of all reflected the confusion of the poet in connection with the revival of the philistine elements during the NEP period."

In 1912, Vladimir Mayakovsky, along with other poets, signed a Futurist manifesto entitled "Slap in the Face to Public Opinion", which debunked classical literature, urged to bury it and find new forms for expressing one's thoughts, feelings and sensations. In 1924, just on the eve of the pompous celebration of the 125th anniversary of the poet Alexander Sergeevich Pushkin, Mayakovsky created the poem "Jubilee", in which he reconsiders his attitude to Russian poetry, noting that it is not as bad as the futurists tried to present it.

The poem "Jubilee" is built in the form of a monologue, in which the author refers to Pushkin. Moreover, quite familiarly, putting yourself on the same level with him. However, if we take into account the content of the manifesto, then such an attitude towards the classics of Russian literature can be considered more than loyal. In any case, Mayakovsky admits that Pushkin made a significant contribution to the development of Russian poetry, had a magnificent syllable, although he did not know how to write poetry in "exact and naked" speech, preferring "lamb-lipped".

This work begins with the fact that Mayakovsky, approaching the monument to Pushkin on Tverskaya, introduces himself to the poet and pulls him off the pedestal. Not for the sake of laughter or out of disrespect, but in order to have a heart-to-heart talk. At the same time, Mayakovsky considers himself, if not a classic of Russian poetry. That is quite a worthy representative of it. Therefore, he notes that “I, and you, too, have eternity in reserve. What do we have to lose an hour or two? ”, Inviting Pushkin to talk on an equal footing. In a very veiled form, the poet apologizes to the classic for the Futurist manifesto, confessing that he is now "free from love and from posters." In addition, Mayakovsky really ponders a lot about the literary heritage left by his descendants, and comes to the conclusion that sometimes "life arises in a different context, and you understand a lot through nonsense."

The only thing that Mayakovsky cannot put up with is lyrics in the generally accepted sense, which, according to the poet, has no place in revolutionary literature. For this reason, he makes rather caustic and caustic remarks about Sergei Yesenin, considering him to be "a cow with laech gloves". However, to Nekrasov, in whose work there are also many lyric and even romantic works, Mayakovsky is very respectful, claiming that "here he is a good man", since "he is at cards, he is in verse, and so good-looking."

As for his contemporaries, Mayakovsky treats them with a great deal of irony and disdain, considering that if you put all the poets in alphabetical order, then the niche between the letters "M" (Mayakovsky) and "P" (Pushkin) will simply have no one to fill. The poet feels respect for Pushkin himself, regretting that he lived at a different time. Otherwise “they would become a co-editor according to Lef” and “I could trust you with agitation”. Analyzing poetry as a social and social phenomenon, Mayakovsky argues that it is "the most gross contraption: it exists - and not in a tooth with a foot", hinting that there is no escape from rhymed lines. However, it is within the power of every poet to create such works so that they really benefit society, and are not just a reflection of someone's mental anguish.

Addressing Pushkin, Mayakovsky notes: "Maybe I'm the only one who really regrets that you are not alive today." But at the same time he emphasizes that he himself is not eternal, but "after death we stand almost next to him." However, the author does not want the posthumous fate that befell Pushkin, who has become the idol of many generations. He is categorically against all sorts of monuments, believing that poets should be honored when they are still alive. “I hate all kinds of carrion! I love all kinds of life! ”- this final phrase of the work also applies to literature, which, according to Mayakovsky, should be relevant, bright and leave a mark on the soul.