Chapter 3. Armor from all troubles

Knowledge - armor from all troubles.
Abu Abdallah Jafar Rudaki

Education is the ability to meet life situations.
John Gibben

Education is the best guardianship of freedom than the expanded army.
Edward Eversett

Praemonitus Praemutus - who is warned, he is armed (LAT).

Do not be taken without learning for doing learning.
Sex saying

The history of civilization can be expressed in six words: the more you know, the more you can.
Edmond Abu

Knowledge is better than wealth, as wealth needs to be protected, and knowledge guard you yourself.
Imam Ali

Knowledge! You are free with you even in the shakes. Happy you even under the impacts of the reporting fate. Having you, a person has everything and does not need the rest. The same person deprived of you is a weak cane, subject to the game of passions, a victim of boredom, creeping a plant that does not have supports on itself.
Claude Adrian Gelving

Enlightened mind reflects moral feelings; The head should raise the heart.
Johann Christoph Friedrich Schiller

Every good comes from the enlightened mind.
I.I. Shuvalov

Enlightenment is intended to educate character.
Herbert Spencer

Virtue is knowledge.
Socrates

The happiness of the future humanity is only in knowledge.
A.P.chekhov

Ignorance is a bad way to get rid of trouble.
Lutions Anne Seneca

To prove to man the need for knowledge - it's like to convince him of vision.
Maksim Gorky

From a Buddhist point of view - the main cause of our problems is ignorance.
Dalai Lama XIV. - 2005

Education is the greatest benefit for a person. Without education, people and rude, and poor, and unhappy.
N.G. Chernyshevsky

Almost all misfortunes in life come from a false idea that it happens to us. Consequently, deep knowledge of people and sound judgment about events brought us to happiness.
Standal

To become a person, I think it is necessary first of all education.
Valentin Pikul

You will never know enough if you don't know more than enough.
William Blake

One-sided specialist either either coarse empirica or scientist charlatan.
N.Ipirogov

Correctly say that a decent person is a versatile man.
Michelle de Monten.

We need to engage any knowledge that will meet on the way.
V.I. Dal

Guys, do not yaw, get the skills! Any.
I.A.Narovlyansky. - 2001.

Knowledge is made up of small grains of daily experience.
D.I. Pisarev

The one who collects good instructions is like a merchant who puts off every beam and eventually becomes rich.
Chen Jiju

If you trace the biography of any educated person - a worker, a peasant, a specialist, a scientist, a writer, then the wonderful property of knowledge will open. I am accumulating them by realizing in matters, a person reveals himself without a end, hesitates his own capabilities, it turns out to be able to decisive and acts about which before and did not think.
I.Petryan Sokolov

Every day, in which you did not replenish your formation, at least small, but new for yourself is a piece of knowledge, consider fruitless and irrevocably for you lost.
K.S. Stanislavsky

Knowledge that are not replenished daily, decrease every day.
Chinese proverb

If there are no cereals in the brain, it produces weeds.
George Herbert.

Many people at the end of the week remembers how much they must pay on accounts. But some people at least once remembered that in seven days they contributed to the beauty and knowledge.
N.K.rerich

In what position you are, behave so that you do not have passed and hours without acquiring wisdom, because wisdom needs to learn from ignorance.
Kabus

Who is wise? "The one who is ready to learn from everyone, as it says:" From all that we who told me, I was gaining mind. "
Talmud. Treatise "Avot". GL 4: 1.

Those who love to learn are never idle.
Charles Louis Montesquieu

Reading for mind is the same as physical exercise for the body.
Joseph Addison

Reading - Here is the best teaching.
A.S. Pushkin. 21 Jue 1822.

Repeated reading of already read books is the most reliable trial stone of education.
Friedrich Goebbel

People cease to think when they stop reading.
Denis Didro.

Bread feeds the body, and the book - the mind.
Proverb

Man is what he eats, and what he reads.
Proverb

Tell me what books you read, and I will say who you are.
N.Ipirogov

The tragedy of unread books is a terrible tragedy
Daniel Granan.

Neither art nor wisdom can be achieved if they do not learn.
Democritus

All life is knowledge.
Andrey Kuttnitsky

In addition, many (from among people who survived clinical death. - IK) emphasize the importance of acquiring knowledge. During the dictum tests, they were inspired that knowledge was acquired even after life. For example, one woman, he said that she after the "death" enjoys any opportunity to learn something new. And the other my interlocutor advised: "Do not stop learning at any age. This process, as I now understand, continues forever. "
Reimond Mudi.

I learn from death, to the coffin, correct.
Russian proverb

Care in youth what over the years will compensate for your damage caused to old age. And realizing that food an old age is wisdom, act so that old age does not remain without food.
Leonardo da Vinci

The benefits of youth - the power and beauty, the benefit of old age - the dawn of the mind.
Democritus

For a fool, old age is burden, for ignorant - winter, and for a man science - a gold harvest.
Johann Wolfgang Goethe

Science requires the person of his whole life. And if you had two lives, they would not have enough for you.
I.P.Pavlov

Scientist should live long.
N.V. Lazarev. - 1969

There is no old age for teaching.
Russian proverb

Do not think that you are old to learn.
N.V.Gogol

Happy one who can learn at 70 years old.
Nadia Krylloff - 1999

In essence, old age comes at the moment when a person has lost the ability to learn
Arturo Graf.

In my youth, I was surprised that Caton began to study the Greek language in 80 years. Now it's no longer surprising me. Old people willingly take care of the tasks that young people are excited, afraid that it will take too much time.
Somerset Maugham

Learn as if you have to live forever; Live as if you have to die tomorrow.
Otto von Bismarck

Direct teaching an enlightened person never has a foolishness in knowledge, but never ceases to be taken into account, at least he survived the Mafusalev century.
Faofan Prokopovich

All people equally have the right to education and should enjoy the fruits of science.
Friedrich Engels.

I decided to devote my life to the struggle against the vigilant type of inequality - inequalities of education.
N.A. Rubakin

Knowledge exists in order to distribute it.
Ralph Wald Emerson

There are no difficult sciences. There are only difficult presentation.
A.I.Grenz

To digest knowledge, it is necessary to absorb them with appetite.
Anatole France

Pushkin in the Lyceum years, absolutely indifferent to mathematics, carried away by cards, began to be stiguously interested in mathematical disciplines explaining the philosophy of accidents. Of particular interest in him caused the mathematical theory of probabilities.
Nikolay Sergeev

My publishing experience and my whole life, held among books, approved me in thought that there are only two conditions that ensure the success of the book:
- very interesting,
- Very available.
I.D. Sitin

Great art learn a lot - it is immediately for a little.
John Lokk

Do not strive to know everything so as not to become in all ignorant.
Democritus

Being a multilaterally educated, Nikolay Vasilyevich Lazarev, on the other hand, objected to spending forces and time to purchase useless information. For example, speaking of medical education, he asked who was useful for detailed knowledge of the anatomy of temporal bone. It turned out that these details did not need to anyone from six present graduates of medical institutions. And immediately he arranged a comic survey, who remembers. And five called various details. And only one honestly admitted that I forgot everything completely. To our surprise, Nikolai Vasilyevich praised him, saying that a real scientist in order to high, it is necessary to free himself from the ballast.
A.N. Stukov

It is more useful to know several wise rules that could always serve you than to learn many things for you useless.
Lutions Anne Seneca

Wise one who knows not much, but necessary.
Eschyl

The wisdom of people is not proportional to their experience, but their ability to him.
George Bernard Show

If the human knowledge is not ordered, the more he knows, the greater the confusion in his thoughts.
Herbert Spencer

Only the system, of course, reasonable, coming out of the very essence of items, gives us complete power over our knowledge. The head, filled with fragmentary, incoherent knowledge, is similar to the storage room, in which everything in disorder and where the owner will not find anything.
K.D. Shushinsky

His abilities can find out only trying to apply them in practice.
Lutions Anne Seneca

Experience takes a large fee for study, but he teaches all the teachers better.
Thomas Carlel

Abune to study the light as a simple viewer. The one who wants only to observe does not observe anything. You need to exercise yourself in what you want to explore.
A.S.Griboyedov

To acquire knowledge is still not enough for a person, we must be able to give them into growth.
Johann Wolfgang Goethe

Who studied the sciences and does not apply them, it looks like someone who paked, but does not sow.
Muslihaddin Saadi

The benefits of the existing knowledge in their application.
Confucius

If you do not act, anything is the chamber.
Shota Rustaveli

Knowledge is an instrument, not a goal.
L.N. Tolstoy

If a person's good deeds exceed his wisdom, it is stable; If his wisdom exceeds his case, then it is unstable.
Talmud. Treatise Avot. GL 3: 8.

To know is not enough; We must apply knowledge. Desire not enough; We must act.
Bruce Lee

The kingdom of heaven is not given lying on the side, but only workers and grief tolerating.
Rev. Joseph

"Education is the best guardianship of freedom than the deployed army" (E. Eversett)

In the statement of the role of education as a social institution in a democratic society chosen by me. The relevance of this issue is that the transfer of knowledge to the subsequent generations has always been important for humanity, and in modern society its role has only increased, education undergo a number of changes, and therefore each person should understand its importance for society.

The American politician Edward Everett believed that education is "the best guardianship of freedom than the deployed army." In other words, the author believed that high-quality education, forming a person, lays the features necessary for the implementation of human freedom, while the power methods are not able to provide freedom of people with the same effectiveness. I fully divide the position of Everett: freedom is inextricably linked to the formation of a person, and no society can defend and implement their rights with the help of weapons as society for which education is a priority value.

Under education in the social sciences, a targeted process of upbringing and training in the interests of man, society and the state, as well as a combination of acquired knowledge, skills and skills. The main purpose of education can be considered the introduction of an individual to the achievements of humanity, the transfer and preservation of the cultural treasure of society. Obtaining education occurs through training in relevant institutions (schools, universities, etc.) and self-education, that is, an independent acquisition of knowledge without the help of other persons.

The significance of education for society is due to a wide range of public needs satisfied by this Institute. First of all, education ensures the transmission of cultural achievements, experience, values \u200b\u200bof new generations. At the same time, socialization of the personality occurs, the assimilation of social roles, norms, and also develops its intellect and creative potential. Along with this, education is associated with the formation of the socio-professional structure of society. The formation of a person plays far from the formation of the worldview of a person, in particular scientific: absorbing knowledge, a person forms his own glance on certain phenomena, the world as a whole and himself.

Freedom of personality is inseparable from education, through which there is a comprehensive development of the person. Thus, its level affects the political culture of society: if the citizens of the political process, the actual tasks of the state, meaningful choice of candidates for public positions, is necessary for the function of the democratic state. All this is the so-called "culture of participation." With the Sensitive Culture, the population is not interested in politics and does not directly affect political decisions. Similarly, education is a necessary condition for human freedom in the economic, social and cultural spheres of society. On the contrary, the power methods do not provide assimilation by people of such values \u200b\u200bas freedom, human rights. The militarized society is distinguished by the leveling of the value of the individual, the upbringing of standard models of behavior, prohibiting the retreat from ideology, orders, etc.

In addition to theoretical arguments, actual examples can also be given. Russian Writer-Classic Ivan Sergeevich Turgenev was a man with a brilliant education that he received both in Russia and abroad. Education allowed Turgenev to fully realize himself as a writer and achieve recognition both in the native country and all over the world. The writer became one of the key figures of Russian literature of the XIX century. Thus, education makes it possible to reveal the ability of a person, it allows him to succeed in the creative principle.

An illustration of the negative consequences of the leveling of the value of education for freedom of people can serve as the Third Reich. In this case, repeated cases of mass combustion of books took place. In addition, the entire population was imposed on one model of thinking, in which the cult of the personality of the Fuhrera, antaguman values, racism prevailed. Forbidden for citizens, fretsiness, retreat from the dominant ideology, free education, the state spoiled the moral appearance of a large number of people. This indicates the need to ensure full-fledged education, and not distorted, limited parody of him.

Thus, education is indeed a kind of foundation on which the freedom of personality and society is being built. Without the full development of the personality, the formation of values \u200b\u200band skills in it, providing the realization and protection of their rights, cannot and to go about her freedom. Therefore, the right was Everett, arguing that it was the best enjoyment of freedom, rather than the deployed army.

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  In his statement, the author opposes the ways of social control of such institutions as an education and army. Everset suggests that education as one of the most important mechanisms of internal social control will always be more effective than external control mechanisms - "deployed army".

  Our experts can check your essay on the criteria
  

  Experts of the site Critica24.ru.
  Teachers of leading schools and existing experts from the Ministry of Education of the Russian Federation.

  
  

  Turn to theoretical argument. Education can be considered from different points of view, if you take the formation as a single process of forming the mind, the nature and physical abilities of a person, we can say that every person may be based on his knowledge, act freely, that is, act, not guided by other factors, affecting his choice. Thus, education as a way of influencing people is more humane, as it gives people the right to freely choose ways to implement their protection, unlike the army, which does not give the right to choose, and the person is obliged to give everything, including life for the implementation of various purposes .

  In contradiction, the statement can be given an example from history in particular the Great Patriotic War of 1941-1945. Education, although influenced the internal protection of society, but its influence did not apply to external control, so the army at that time was the best guarantor of the protection of lives and freedoms.

  But still the influence over time has grown, and the army as the main lever of influence on society has lost its relevance due to its bloodthirstiness and large victims. So it is possible to bring the political relations between Russia and the United States, by the introduction of sanctions, which are a product of education development, limiting the possibilities of people affecting their rights and freedoms by more humane, rather than what the army was affected.

  Thus, it can be concluded that the impact of the army, in order to ensure the protection of the rights and freedoms of people and the implementation of social control, has lost its leadership due to its cruelty, and the formation of the best enjoyment of freedom has been published in modern society. army".

  Updated: 2018-03-01

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  Oleg Albertovich Donskoy wrote a report with an analysis of the actual educational results of the EGE. Since the preparation of the USE is a special educational training, which all graduates of Russian schools are exposed to more or less intensity, it is worth understanding - what does it actually take into account for the exam in reality? Here it is shown.
  Publisy here with the permission of the author, the repost will be given.

  Donskoy O.A. About competencies and exam
  Our education is experiencing an epoch of the exam and transition to a competence approach. Apparently, in the plan of the reformers of the EGE and competence, somehow are associated with each other, being key (although not visual) elements of a single process. This article is an attempt to find out some aspects of the relationship between them on the material of the EGE's results on social studies.
  Obviously, the exam should demonstrate those competencies that are formed in graduates of our secondary educational institutions. Quite fully and objectively. Based on this parcel, consider some features of the answers to the assignment of the exam.
  

  If you briefly answer the question that the results of the exam in social studies are shown, you can draw the following conclusion: they demonstrate the lack of a significant number of graduates of the secondary school of the skills necessary to obtain higher professional education, such as: the ability to understand the text, allocate the main idea, to summarize the heard. And, most importantly, the ability to work independently, i.e. Self put questions and look for answers on them. In other words, at high school graduates, it is completely absent that you can designate as a competence to study at the university. This is easily shown on the examples that give an idea of \u200b\u200bthe individual aspects of the named competence (more precisely - "non-dippetence").
  Take the essay, the genre where the graduate capabilities are most fully revealed.
  So, the topic is chosen: " Education is the best guardianship of freedom than the deployed army "(E. Eversett). And read quite typical reasoning (with the preservation of the original spelling. It is worth noting that sometimes essays are so illiterately written from the point of view of the Russian language, which is not possible to pay attention to this):
  « Education is the best guard of freedom.
  Educated, a smart person can stand for himself, solve the problem in peaceful way.
  The problem is that "education is the best guardianship of freedom than the expanded army?
  I think that in the struggle for your freedom, you need to apply your knowledge, but to unwind towards military actions.
  Once I came to an unpleasant situation in which education played a big role. Thanks to education, this conflict was prevented.
  That's why education is the best guardianship of freedom.».
  One more thing:
  « Education is really this freedom. Each person needs an education, it is impossible in our time without education. Many people say that the army is very surry and deployed. For example, I do not think so. When I finished the ninth grade in the evening school, I was called in the army. During the year I learned a lot of interesting things. I read a lot of books and wrote dictates. I believe that a person in our time and education is needed and service in the Armed Forces».
  It is clear that not the best essays are selected. Selected quite typical. And they are typical of those signs that coincide in these two essays. And these signs are as follows:
  1) Complete misunderstanding of the author's thoughts. The fact that Everett speaks about society as such and the role of education in increasing the level of relations in society, graduates are transferred to a personal plan.
  2) The topic of freedom in the political sense completely disappeared, the graduate speaks only about the "struggle for his freedom", but from whom and why, it is not clear, except from personal enemies. The second is generally forgotten about freedom, although this is the key theme of the statement chosen by him.
  3) writing not care about the meaning unity of both specific statements and about the general sense of the text being created. What does the "army is very severe and deployed"? Or nonsense, it seems "you need to apply your knowledge, but to unwrite to military actions. As you can "explode" to military actions alone, the author, of course, does not think. Just as "War" turns out to be an unpleasant conflict, in which he once fell. The expanded army turns out to be one person.

  « Man is not a fractional part of the world, in it a one-piece mystery and a peacefulness of the world"(N.A. Bardyaev).
  « The world consists of several billion people, and every person in his own personality and a separate world. This is stated in the statement by N.A. Bardyaeva. I agree with this opinion of the author. After all, to understand the world, you need to understand a person.
  After all, the world does not consist of fractional parts, the world itself consists of small worlds. Everyone is the small world itself, which needs long and persistently study. In each person, we can find answers to eternal questions, find ways to solve our problems. After all, in each person there is its own world in which they would seem not accompatible things. We need a lot of time to understand this, part of the good of this world to take yourself.
  A person needs to communicate first of all in order to improve himself, take the best of communication. And apply it to solve the mystery of the world of another person».
  Here, it seems the author at first does demonstrate an understanding of N.A. Bardyaeva, when it suggests that a person needs to understand for understanding the world. With some stretch with this you can still agree. But the further statement denies this initial error. The further phrases begin, which themselves, nor in general have no intention. If you need to study yourself for a long time and persistently, then what does the communication about which then are we talking about? And at the end, there is a perfect Belibard: you need to communicate to improve yourself and take it the best to "solve the mystery of the world of another person" ... In addition to what was found in the preceding essay, a sacramental phrase is found here - " i agree / disagree with the opinion of the author" According to the thoughts of the graduate, this phrase demonstrates his own opinion. Yes, it looks like a reflection about read. But in a situation where the text does not understand at all, it looks not as a reflection, but as a random additive. After all, agree or do not agree with what I understood.
  And finally, another example.
  « Totalitarianism - the image of the board in which morality is included in the competence of power"(A. N. Kruglov). " I chose this topic of writing, as for a long course of history with the school, Niza met with her. There are three forms of reign in society: an authoritarian, totalitarian and democratic. In our homeland, the democratic form of government.
  Totalitarianism existed under Stalin, where there were uniform laws, forced fulfillment, regardless of the agreement of citizens. Power with morality, that is, the teachings, earned a certain status in society. Power did not take into account requests, whims and convenience of society. From my point of view, such a form of government is very cruel and improper in relation to residents. Power must exist with society together, helping him in life».
  Here again a complete misunderstanding of the meaning of the statement. The misunderstanding of the fact that morality and the right in a democratic society are two different forms of public consciousness. Moral is generally understood as "teaching" from the phrase "read morality". And in the way, a few rough mistakes: this concerns uniform laws as a sign of totalitarianism, the power "earns status", etc.
  In connection with these examples (and it is not difficult to multiply, since most essays in one degree or another are those) worth talking about one feature of thinking presented by these examples - the complete absence of a sense of misunderstanding. An Aristotle said that philosophy (in this case, rational thinking) begins in surprise. A person must detect some inconsistency, the impossibility of something existing. The feeling of misunderstanding is growing from the same root - it can not be, and this is! The combination of some thoughts, images that are presented in the text, do not fold in a one-piece picture. But they have to develop. And the search begins, the person is trying to fold the mosaic. He begins to ask himself questions, responding to which he hopes to reproduce this picture. He must come to a sense of understanding, to feel that all parts of the statements are complementary.
  In the examples of the examples, we are confronted with something completely different: instead of understanding there is a set of associations. Instead of blowing into the idea of \u200b\u200bthe famous thinker, we see a random stream of consciousness (because the expression "stream of consciousness" for this mental activity is too loud) without any attempt to answer at least some questions. As a result, the deficit of understanding is determined by the complete absence of a sense of misunderstanding.
  It seems that a simple associative mechanism about some recognized words is included. There is no longer a question of the choice of the subject, although compilers are supposed to choose from six disciplines.
  This is fully manifested during the appeal procedure. It is almost impossible to convince the graduate that he contradicts himself or that he absolutely did not understand the read. He begins to explain that he "meant" exactly what the teacher talks about. And the indication on the obvious contradiction is steamed the same empty associative rows, which are filled with itself essay.
  As a result, it becomes quite obvious that the exam with its test structure works on the strengthening of associative thinking instead of making students to see the holistic paintings of certain spiritual areas. Some answers are so wild that after them any knowledge of the subject cannot be speech. But the selection system of several options always leaves the opportunity to guess at least some number of correct answers, even if absolutely not to have the idea of \u200b\u200bthe subject.

  Another task that requires the ability to determine and summarize is the task C8, which requires the compilation of a complex plan of a detailed response on a specific topic of the social science. Obviously, to draw up a plan, it is necessary to imagine the topic as a whole, be able to break it into the components and these components rank. Instead, we again very often come across a random set of words.
  Without taking too much space, we give only three plans on the topic "Biological and Social in Man."
  (In one case, the student has compiled a universal plan for this topic, which is suitable for everything, but it can be considered anymore as curious:
  « Plan:
  - Developing a problem.
  Comment
  -Moy position
  -my opinion
  - examples
  Conclusion
  -output».)
  But typical quite typical answers seem to be essentially:
  eleven . Conference man
  2. Biological assignments in man
  2.1. Enough organs
  2.2. The manages the person on unfavorable conditions, because
  He has a nervous system
  3.Social in person
  3.1. In the process of human development, new technologies appear
  3.2. It was necessary to implement my needs
  4.Social and biological is inextricably linked».

  2. " I social in man.
  1) man and society
  2) Family
  3) Education
  4) work
  II biological in man
  1) human biological needs
  2) man and nature
  III conclusion "

  3. "I. Communication 1 Friends II Rec: 1 Rehabilitation
  2 relatives 2 Decience

  III family: 1 parents
  2 brothers. "

  Again, we face with the same level of work with the concepts: instead of generalization and logical disclosure of the topic, a completely random associative series is demonstrated. So, in one row, "family" and "education", "new technologies" and "needs", "Communication", "Rest" and "Family" are provided. Those. In principle, not a difference in the level of generalization, nor the heterogeneity of concepts.
  What can be said about the preparedness for higher vocational education? Obviously, in order to learn their future profession, such skills and skills are needed, as the ability to work independently, to understand said, to generalize, i.e. Those without which it is impossible to receive professional knowledge. Not one of these competencies does not demonstrate. Moreover, the method of its main organization itself (choice of several options) leads in the opposite direction.
  The guys who cannot clearly understand and summarize said and read, in principle are not able to write a summary. After all, for this you need to listen carefully, to summarize and briefly write the heard. Instead of allocating the main thing, they simply snatch out of context quite random pieces. Unfortunately, given this inability (incompetence), many teachers have not read long ago, but they dictate their lectures. In the same cases, when the teacher tells a certain material, without pointing directly to what you need to write, the abstracts in most cases look very slaughter. These are quite random scraps of thoughts. And the guys come out of the situation either using the teaching aids, or just photographing the best abstracts. No better situation with the ability to generalize: instead of generalizations there are random associations, completely similar to the above.
  Even worse, the situation with the possibility of independent work both by finding knowledge and on the composition of the corresponding texts. Knowledge search is limited to the most simple actions with a computer. At seminars, reports are made on some very random passages that jumped out on the Internet.
  The authorship of written texts is completely lost. Instead of writing on their own, the guys fold pieces of found texts and are confident that they make serious independent work.
  Thus, the EGE, on the one hand, clearly demonstrates the lack of competencies, which are extremely necessary for study at the university, and, on the other hand, forces teachers to choose such tactics of working with students who are obviously undermining the possibility of forming named competencies.