Presentation on the topic of the world of antiquity. Message on the topic: "The beginning of the history of mankind. The world of antiquity is distant and close. " a) vowel sound
Who knows, on the banks of what river the state of Egypt occurred? (3 slide)
Yes, right. Egypt is one of the most ancient states on Earth. This an ancient state arose on the banks of the Nile River, which takes his beginning in the mountains of Central Africa and flows into the Mediterranean Sea.
Find on the map the mainland Africa and the River Neil
The student comes out and shows. (4 slide)
Where does the Nile river flow? -
Neil flows through the desert, is life possible in the desert without water possible?
Tell me, so why was life on the shores of the Nile?
Well done!
- Your task will now read the text on the S.8-9 textbook, but not just read, but in the hands of a pencil and emphasize all the gods, what hieroglyphs that they denote.
What kind of gods do you know the egyptian gods?
(On the slide there is a show of the gods) (slide 6,7,8)
Hieroglyph - ancient pattern of Egyptian letters. (5 slide)
What else seemed interesting to you?
(The enumeration of the buildings of ancient Egypt is accompanied by a demonstration of slides.) (slide 9.10)
Perhaps you have already heard about the Egyptian pyramids. What are these pyramids?
Many later arose ancient Greece and ancient Rome. (Slide 11,12) Greece is a mountainous country on the Balkan Peninsula. Show on the map. (Slide 13)
Once we decided the Greeks to build a new city, but could not decide how to call him. The gods knew that this city is waiting for a very long life, so Athena (Slide 13) I wanted to give the city my name, and Poseidon - his . (Slide 14). We decided to call the city with the name of God, who will make the best gift to citizens. Poseidon hit his trident to the rock - scored from the rock source.
Greece is a hot country, mountain, water is very necessary there. Greeks rushed to the source - and the water is maritime, salty. The gift of God's seas was unsuitable. Then Athena hit the ground to the ground - and the olive tree has grown.
The fruits of this tree are olives (they are also called the Greeks of the Greeks of fresh, salty, pickled, squeezed out oil from them. Olive tree lives 250 years, but the fruit gives only 16-18 years old ...
The gift of the goddess Athena was recognized as the best, and the city was called in her honor, Athens.
Two birds flew
Naughty.
How they flew
All people looked.
How they sat down
All people were divided
So why is the capital of Greece wears such a name?
- Find the capital of Greece on the map - the city of Athens (children find this city on the map)
Now find the capital of Italy, the city of Rome on the map.
The child goes to the map and shows the whole class.
- Read the textbook text with. 10-13.
- What, the buildings are famous Rome? - What appointed these buildings?
What is Acropolis?
What is Parfenon?
And who can say how Parfenon looks like?
Ancient Rome, the Roman Empire is the name of one of the most famous states in the history of mankind. The name of Rome is associated with the name of its founder - Romulus. (Slide 20).
We did not know how the city of Rome actually appeared, but the legend tells about it. In the territory of modern Italy in ancient times the Latin tribe lived.
In a small town - the state of Alta - Long Rules King Numitor. (Slide 21)
His swirl with the throne younger brother Amuluy. (Slide 22) In order for the descendants of the numerator to impose their legitimate rights to the throne, Amuluy ordered to kill the son of the numerator, and his daughter was vadigla. Vestniki - Summer Vesta, (Slide 23) Roman goddess homemade hearth.
They had to live at the temple and maintain a fire in a sacred focus.
Vestniki could not marry, and Amululi hoped that the daughter of the numerator would not have children. But soon the Vadzstani had two sons - twins. She said that their father is Mars God. (Slide 24)
Amuluy ordered to execute a young woman, and twins ordered to throw the Tiber river. The man who performed the order was lazy to enter the water, and left the basket with babies on the shore. The children were hungry and cried, their cry heard a wolf - she ranched them.
Later, they picked up the shepherd and raised as his children. When Romulus and Rem (Slide 25) "The shepherd of boys called, they grew up, they learned the mystery of her birth, they killed Amulia and returned the throne to her grandfather to Numitor.
The brothers did not stay in Alta - Long, they decided to establish a new city. Each of the brothers wanted to call the city with his name, they quarreled, and Romulus in anger killed Rem.
And then founded the city, which called Rome (Latin Roma) and became his first king.
What buildings talk about the past Rome?
What is the name of the temple of all the gods?
-The honor of whom Rome is wearing his name?
World Mir 4th grade (A.A. Plaishakov)
Subject : The world of antiquity: far and close.
Objectives lesson:
Create conditions for expanding students' knowledge about the heritage of the ancient world (writing, life, art);
Develop research culture, speech, contribute to the expansion of the horizons of students, to develop interest in history;
To bring up the need for a careful attitude towards historical heritage, subjects of the past, respect for the achievements of people of the ancient world.
Equipment : Multimedia projector, didactic material, background reference, world map.
During the classes
1. Actualization of knowledge.
Stories glorious great dates
We will carry in life.
Feel the heart that was once,
Imagine age-old ways!
Ancient world is a wonderful world! (on Slide 2)
Time doors to take us
About the ancient states tell me.
(On Slide1) - Pictures of our country ...
What do these pictures say?
And all this is the world of history.
What is a story? (science about the past)
Why is it important to know the history of his native land, countries?
What was our state in antiquity called? (Dr. Russia)
History dr. Rus tells about the greatest achievements of our ancestors. We must experience pride for our past. From the past, we extract lessons, which allows you to study on errors of other generations and helps it is better to understand our present.
2. Creating a problem situation.
- What other ancient states do you know?
Where can I find out about them?
We will help to answer this question textbook. And even encyclopedia (demonstration of encyclopedia)
- To expand our historical knowledge today, we go to the ancient world to explore the countries that left us a big heritage.
The period of the ancient world is the longest - it covers several millennia. (Slide with verse) - What will we talk about the lesson?
The subject of the lesson: the world of antiquity: far and close
The first ancient states arose near the rivers and the seas.Why? (For rivers it was convenient to move, the river gave a man to drink water for drinking and agriculture)
And one of these states is an ancient Egypt, which originated on the banks of the River Nile. Many later appeared ancient Greece and ancient Rome on the shores of the Mediterranean Sea.Demonstration on the map.
(We share for three groups) Each group will study one of the ancient states using various sources (encyclopedias, textbooks). Records make in notebooks (key points).
Plan:
1. Where is the state?
2. Home occupations of the people.
3. Famous facilities.
3 . Opening a new knowledge.
Written job in notebooks.
1.Poisk information in literary sources. The teacher helps, checks on the work of students.
2. Protection - the story of the representative of the group.
The teacher complements the story of the student about the ancient state. (Myths Dr. Greece, Olympic Games, Christianity, Alphabet - 27 letters; Egypt - Calendar 365 d., Papyrus, Hieroglyphs-700 Signs; Dr. Rim - Planning and Construction of cities, water supply, sewage, Causes, Temples, Banks, Libraries, names of months).
4. Application of new knowledge.
And now I will check you how you remember the new material (questions on cards - students pull out and respond)
Blitz poll:
- Grand Construction - Pharaoh Tomb?
- The state where the names were invented?
- What are the people who lived on the banks of the Nile River?
- What is Acropolis?
- What kind of people was a skillful builder of bridges, roads, palaces?
- Motherland of the Olympic Games?
- Name the capital of others. Greece?
- Who worshiped residents of ancient states?
- Where did the first alphabet come?
- Name the ancient states?
- Who is Pharaoh?
- Show one of the states on the map that I remember?
- What is the name of the material on which other Egyptians wrote?
- What ancient buildings can you call?
Conclusion: Residents of the ancient states were highly developed, skillful builders, scientists, much knew how to do.
5. Independent work.
Setting compliance: (work on cards-7pc. In pairs)
Check on the slide
Ancient Egypt Hieroglyphs
Ancient Rome Papyrus
Ancient Greece Acropolis
Coliseum
Alphabet
Mummy
Forum
6. Reflection.
Did you like to be researchers ancient worlds?
What was new for myself?
Where can you apply this knowledge?
Tailor instruction.
In additional literature, find interesting information about one of the states.
Discuss!
1. Question: Compare sources on the history of primitive and on the history of the ancient world. What period is more difficult to study? Why?
Answer: It's more difficult to study the period of the history of primitive, because Very little information is about the life of primitive people, among scientists there is no general view on how a person lived at the time he was. Conclusions According to the period of the history of primitives are mainly built on hypotheses. The history of the ancient world is lighted easier, because the level of human development of a person has increased immeasurably, there remained evidence of the organization of society, both in the public and in the household levels. An writing appeared by reading and examining which scientists will learn about the lives of people in ancient times, there are structures, sculptures, paintings, bonding items. There is a history of states.
check yourself
1. Issue: What states of the ancient world do you know?
Answer: Ancient Egypt, ancient Greece, ancient Rome.
2. Question: Bring examples of the famous constructions of the ancient world.
Answer: Heops' pyramids in Giza (Dr. Egypt), Alexandrian Lighthouse (Dr. Egypt), Colosseum (Dr. Rome) Roman Forum (DRIM), Pantheon (Dr. Rome), Athenian Acropolis (Dr. Greece), Temple Apollo in Delphi (Dr. Greece), Temple Demeter in Eleusin (Dr. Greece)
3. Question: As they wrote in ancient Egypt, ancient china, ancient Greece?
Answer: The Egyptians wrote special signs - hieroglyphs. Each hieroglyph can designate a subject or several sounds. There were no signs for vowel sounds in an Egyptian letter.
The Phoenicians created an alphabet in which each letter passed a certain consonant sound.
Ancient Greeks have improved the Phoenician alphabet added signs that indicate vowels.
Jobs for homework
Task 2. Try to come up with a "business card" one of the ancient countries.
Answer: Parthenon in Athenian Acropolis could be considered a business card of ancient Greece.
Antique Monument to Parthenon in Athenian Acropolis (Greece)
Parthenon, dedicated to the goddess Athena-Parthenos (Virgo), was built as part of the implementation of the Pericla program. The temple was conceived as a new Sanctuary of Athena. Inside the temple was divided into two unequal parts. In the main, East, there was a famous statue of Athena, made of gold and ivory. In the face of the statue were inserted precious stones, and on the chest in the center of the shell, the deadly head of the jellyfish Gorgon, made of ivory, was drawn. The statue of the logged in FIDU was set in a semi-man designed for her hall - Celsius, and she was there until the V century BC.
Parthenon, like other classic temples, stood on the stylobate, each of the steps of which had a height of 0.55-0.59 meters. But his grandeur does not give up the viewer, in this feature of Greek architecture, her deep humanism. Parthenon is a classic model of the Greek Temple of the Doric Orders, but at the same time its architecture is characterized by a number of unique individual features. The proportions of columns and antablement, the ratio of the number of columns on the sides of the temple (the number of columns on the longitudinal side per longer than double the number of the facade columns, that is, 8 and 17) strictly comply with the standards produced by classical Greek architecture. Skillfully used such techniques, like a small thickening and the slope of the angular columns to the center, the entazis - the swelling of the trunk of the column, the light flexion of the stylobate stage.
All these features were to refund the errors of the visual perception, since absolutely straight lines are perceived at a distance of a human eye as a slightly concave. As a result, Parfenon grows before the eyes as perfect for clear, harmonious lines and the proportions of the building. Parthenon looked at the festive and elegant columns and walls, crowned with sculptural friezes and frontones, in which polychromias were widely used: the background of the frontones and the labels were painted in dark red, frieze - in blue. On this color background, figures that retained marble color were especially clearly distinguished. The details were also painted or gilded. The entire sculptural decor of Parfenon was subordinate to one goal - the glorification of his native city, his gods and heroes, his people.
The temple decorated freezing fine work. The topic of frieza is the glorification of the Athenian people on the day of the celebration of the Great Panafine. Chief, East, Fronton Parfenon was decorated with a composition that portrayed the myth about the birth of the goddess Athena. On the Western Frontone depicts the legend of the attic - about the dispute of Athens with Poseidon for power over the attic.
The statue of Athens did not reach this day, but numerous late copies have been preserved, including a wonderful Roman copy exhibited in the National Archaeological Museum of Athens. Most of the front, the central columns and the combined were destroyed in 1687, when the Athenian Acropolis was besieged by Venetians. The best samples of the preserved sculptures are now in the British Museum of London - these are the so-called "Marbles of Eldzhina". Several genuine sculptures, fragments, along with the temple layout, can be seen in the Acropolis Museum.
In the next lesson
Question: Remember what cities and states of Europe are known to you.
Germany (Berlin, Cologne, Bremen, Dresden, Munich ...);
France (Paris, Gavre, Rouen, Bordeaux, Nice, Toulouse, Lill ...);
Austria (Vienna, Salzburg, Graz, Innsbruck ...);
Italy (Rome, Milan, Naples, Verona, Venice ...);
Netherlands (Amsterdam, Hague, Gaud);
Belgium (Brussels, Antwerp, Bruges ...);
Greece (Athens, Corinth, Kilkis ...);
Sweden (Stockholm, Malmo, Gothenburg ...);
Norway (Oslo, Stavanger, Lillehammer ...);
Denmark (Copenhagen, Preste, Brahming ...); and etc.
Sections: Primary School
- acquaint students with ancient Egypt, Greece and Rome;
- develop oral speech;
- educate interest in the subject.
Equipment:
- physical card;
- slides and drawings depicting famous structures of ancient Egypt, Greece and Rome;
- reproduction Pictures K. P. Bryullova "Last Day Pompeii".
During the classes
1. Organizational moment, message topic and lesson purposes.
Long-awaited dance call -
The lesson begins.
To learn the story
Books need to read.
We continue to travel around the story, we are transferred to the ancient world. The topic of the lesson "The World of Antiquity: Far and Close".
2. Checking homework.
The task is checked in the working notebook No. 4 p.4
Students tell what interesting items were seen in the Museum of Museum.
Several disciples are offered written tasks for cards:
1. Describe what an ancient man looked like.
2. What did the primitive person do?
The rest listened retells, the task in notebooks is checked.
And now we will summarize and find out where the road is we will tell us. To do this, you need to solve the crossword.
Questions to Crossword.
1. One of the classes with which the man mastered by the end of primitive history.
2. People learned ... Clay dishes.
3. Women and children were engaged in this.
4. How to call an ancient person in a different way.
5. Lighting primitive artists.
6. The main occupation of an ancient man.
(Answers: 1. Agriculture. 2. Making. 3. Gathering. 4. Valid. 5. Torch. 6. Hunting. Keyword: Egypt.) (Slide2)
The speech today will go about the world of antiquity: about ancient Egypt, about ancient Greece and ancient Rome.
3. New topic. (slide3)
Who knows, on the banks of what river the state of Egypt occurred? (On the shores of the River Nile.)
Yes, right. Egypt is one of the most ancient states on Earth. This an ancient state arose on the banks of the Nile River, which takes his beginning in the mountains of Central Africa and flows into the Mediterranean Sea.
Find on the map the mainland Africa and the River Neil. (Children work with a map.)
Where does the Nile river flow? (Through the Sahara desert.)
Neil flows through the desert, is life possible in the desert without water possible? (Not.)
Life in the Nile Valley.
Rain in the Nile Valley is so rare that 10-12-year-old children could never see the rain in life. Life on the banks of the Nile was possible only because he spilled out annually - he left the shores. The coastal land was well soaked with water, and there was a lot of black sludge in the water (small particles of rocks and pumping plants). This Il dressed on the yellow sands of the desert, and plants grew well - wheat, barley. The word "Egypt" means "black earth". For thousands of years, thanks to the spills of the Nile, in Egypt, a fat layer of fatty chernozem was formed.
The ancient Egyptians have not yet known explanations to many of the phenomena of nature, including the spills of the Nile. Therefore, if we asked an ancient Egyptian about the causes of spills, he would tell us about the river God Hapi, who sits in a cave guarded by the Sacred Snake. In the hands of Hapi, two vessels with water. He tilts the vessels, and water is poured out of them. In the summer he tilts the vessels strongly, water pours from them streams and falls into the Nile. The river swells, comes out of the banks and floods the whole country.
Read the text on C. 8-9 textbooks. What new did you learn from this story? (Egyptians wrote special signs - hieroglyphs.)
Hieroglyphs - ancient pattern of Egyptian letters. What else seemed interesting to you? (The ancient Egyptians were able to build the grandiose buildings - temples and pyramids.)
Perhaps you have already heard about Egyptian pyramids. What about? (Pyramids of Tutankhamon, Hopeca Pyramid.)
In ancient Egypt.
In Egypt, not far from Cairo, there is a largest pyramid of the world and weighs it about seven million tons. This miracle - the pyramid is the stripper of Heops, its height of 148 meters. Pyramids Giza - one of the recognized wonders of the world. They were built without the help of any machines or mechanisms. They were built not slaves, but peasants who worked on Pharaoh during the spill of the Nile. As a fee for this work, they received food, in particular, vegetable oil and clothing. Perhaps these peasants believed that, helping Pharaoh to prepare for death, they deserve the approval of the gods and receive remuneration on arrival in the kingdom of the dead. In ancient Egypt, the most famous statue of a fantastic creature with a body of a lion and a man's head - a giant (length - 57 m, height - 20 m) "large Sphynx" in Giza, carved from the cliff (1 half of the 3rd militant. BC. e.) Sphinx, the energic pyramid of Giza, was one of the incarnations of the ancient Egyptian god of the sun. It is possible that Pharaoh Hafra served as a model for the face of this Sphinx. All that should be needed in the deceased in the kingdom of the dead, was placed next to the sarcophage inside the tomb. Then the priests were removed, noted their traces on the floor of the tomb. Sarcophag - a coffin of wood, stone, etc. Materials, often in the form of a person. (slide4)
4. Fizkultminthka.
Two birds flew
Naughty.
How they flew
All people looked.
How they sat down
All people were divided.
5. Work on the topic.
1. Continuation of a new topic.
Many later arose ancient Greece and ancient Rome. Greece is a mountainous country on the Balkan Peninsula. Show on the map.
The teacher talks about ancient Greece.
Ancient Greece. (slide5)
In the north of Greece there is a high mountain, it is called Olympus. At the top of this mountain, the ancient Greeks settled their main gods. The life of the greeks on the Olympus Greeks was represented as the life of a notable family who captured power over other gods and people. The main among the Greek gods was considered Zeus - Studzzitz, the god of the sea Poseidon was subordinated to him, the God of the Underground Kingdom of Aid, and others portrayed the Greeks of their gods similar to people. For example, the god Winemaking Dionysus - in the form of a wonderful young man, the goddess of love Aphrodite was represented by an excellent girl. Relations between the gods are largely reminiscent of relations between people: they quarrel with each other, they are typing. And it happens - fighting and steal. In the ancient Greek myths (legends about the gods), it tells how Hermes (God trade) once kidnapped cows from Apollon (patron of art). And when Hephest - Blacksmith began to concession for his mother - the goddess of Gera, who offended Zeus, God - Studzzitz so pushed the god of the Blacksmith, that he fell from Olympus to Earth and remained chrome forever. As we can see, the religion of the ancient Greeks reflected in nature, from which the lives of people, classes, and the relationship between them depended. The ancient Greeks had many gods. The goddess of wisdom and fair war was Athena, "Marine Affairs" was engaged in Poseidon. Once we decided the Greeks to build a new city, but could not decide how to call him. The gods knew that this city would be waiting for a very long life, so Athena wanted to give his name to his name, and Poseidon was his own. We decided to call the city with the name of God, who will make the best gift to citizens. Poseidon hit his trident to the rock - scored from the rock source. Greece is a hot country, mountain, water is very necessary there. Greeks rushed to the source - and the water is maritime, salty. The gift of God's seas was unsuitable. Then Athena hit the ground to the ground - and the olive tree has grown. The fruits of this tree - olives (they are also called olives) the Greeks firing fresh, salty marinated, squeezed out oil from them. Olive tree lives 250 years old, but the fruit gives only 16-18 years old ... The gift of the goddess Athens was recognized as the best, and the city was called in her honor, Athens. They say, to this day, tourists show a trail from Poseidon's Trident and "The Same" Olive Tree, which has grown from a spear of Athens. And the city of Athens lives today. He is the capital of modern Greece.
Find on the map the capital of Greece - the city of Athens. (Children themselves find this city on the map.)
And now find the capital of Italy on the map, the city of Rome.
Read the text on C.10-13
The teacher complements the material of the textbook on the ancient Rome.
Ancient Rome.
Ancient Rome, the Roman Empire is the name of one of the most famous states in the history of mankind. The name of Rome is associated with the name of its founder - Romulus. We did not know how the city of Rome actually appeared, but the legend tells about it. In the territory of modern Italy in ancient times the Latin tribe lived. In a small town - the state of Alta - Long Rules King Numitor. His swirl with the throne younger brother Amuluy. In order for the descendants of the numerator to impose their legitimate rights to the throne, Amuluy ordered to kill the son of the numerator, and his daughter was vadigla. Vestniki - a minister of Vesta, the Roman goddess of a homely hearth. They had to live at the temple and maintain a fire in a sacred focus. Vestniki could not marry, and Amululi hoped that the daughter of the numerator would not have children. But soon the Vadzstani had two sons - twins. She said that their father is Mars God. Amuluy ordered to execute a young woman, and twins ordered to throw the Tiber river. The man who performed the order was lazy to enter the water, and left the basket with babies on the shore. The children were hungry and cried, their cry heard a wolf - she ranched them. Later, they picked up the shepherd and raised as his children. When Romulus and Rem - so called the shepherd of boys - they grew up, they learned the mystery of their birth, they killed Amulia and returned the throne to her grandfather to Numitor. The brothers did not stay in Alta - Long, they decided to establish a new city. Each of the brothers wanted to call the city with his name, they quarreled, and Romulus in anger killed Rem. And then founded the city, which called Rome (Latin Roma) and became his first king. Legend says that it was in 375 BC. For more than two millennia, the city of Rome stands, in ancient times he was called for a long life "Eternal City". (slide 6)
Work in working notebooks.
C.4, № 1
Read.
What is the name of the history of the ancient world you can pick up? Come up with the name. Write it down.
C.4, №2
Read.
Remember the history of ancient Egypt. What does not apply to it in the first line? Prove. (Acropolis is the heart of Athens. Greece.)
What word from the second line is the title of the ancient city? Prove. (Pompeii. Karnak is a temple, the Colosseum is an amphitheater in Rome.)
Mark the correct answer with the "+" sign.
What is not an architectural building? Prove. (Vesuviy is the name of the volcano.)
Find among these words a geographical name. (Nile is a river.)
Mark the correct answer with the "+" sign.
And in which country of antiquity was the God of desert and sandy storms set?
Prove. (Ancient Egypt. If you look at a physical map of the world, we will see that Egypt is located in the desert.)
Mark the correct answer with the "+" sign. (Seth, in the ancient Egyptian mythology God of desert and foreign countries, brother and killer Osiris.)
S.5 No. 3.
Read.
Come up and draw a "business card" by one of the ancient countries.
Students perform a task. Then they tell what they were depicted on a business card.
P.6, №3
Read.
Find the letters of the ancient Greek alphabet. Circle them with a red circle. Use the hint.
And the letters of the Latin alphabet circle, in a blue circle.
We continue to fill the table.
What is the name of the epoch, which was spoken about the lesson? (Ancient world history).
Enter the name of this era to the table.
What can be said about the duration of this era? (She has several millennia.)
Enter the table.
Find in the attachment drawings to this task. Which of the drawings is suitable for this era? (Image of Egyptian pyramids.)
Cut the drawing and get into the table.
6. Fixing the studied.
On the banks of which river an Egyptian state appeared? (On the shores of the Nile.)
What is hieroglyph? (Special signs for writing.)
Was it easy to learn such a letter? (To learn to such a letter could not anyone, one hieroglyph could mean some consonant sounds, and there were no signs to designate vowel sounds in the Egyptian letter. Therefore, the Egyptians were revered to those who owned a surprise.)
What do you know about the gods of RA, Sebec, that? (RA - the God of the Sun, Sebec - God of Water, the God of Wisdom, Account and Letters.)
Who is Pharaoh? Pharaoh - King of Egypt.)
What ambitious buildings were able to build Egyptians? Temples and pyramids.)
What is the name of the biggest pyramid in Egypt? (The Pyramid of Cheops.)
Name the capital of Greece. (Capital of Greece - Athens.)
What state is the city of Rome? (Rome is the capital of Italy.)
What is the name of a high hill with climbing slopes and the architectural ensemble located on it? (Acropolis - the heart of Athens.)
Name the most famous Temple of Acropolis (Parfenon - the most famous temple.)
Name the ancient buildings in the city of Rome, which are preserved to the present day. (The Roman Forum was the center of public life of the city. There were temples, banking offices, shopping shops. Pantheon - the temple of all the gods. Colosseum - Amphitheater, served for gladiator's battles and other spectacles, accompanied about 50 thousand spectators.)
What city was buried under the Sing Layer when the Vesuvius volcano is eruption? (Pompei.)
Name the artist and the picture on which this tragic event is depicted. (K.P. Bryullov "Last Day Pompeii".)
The teacher shows the reproduction of the picture, talks about the events depicted on it.
The last day of Pompeii.
The event that painter tells about, occurred in 79 N. E. When, as a result of the eruption of the Vesuvius volcano, the flowering cities of Herculaneum, Pompeii and the static were killed. Brullov wrote a picture for six years in Italy, after visiting the ruins of famous Pompei. A thorough study of excavations and literary sources, a rich creative fantasy helped him to create a masterpiece, in which the topic of death and destruction intertwines with the theme of the High Human Spirit opposing her. Without losing moral strength, dignity and courage, doomed to the death of Pompeii residents,
Think not so much about yourself as about loved ones. In the right part of the picture, we see the Son who persuades their old mother to gather strength and run with him; Near the warrior and the boy in a hurry to endure a weak old man, and the groom saves the lost consciousness of the bride. The picture was hotly accepted by the artist's contemporaries both in Italy and France and home. Shown in Odessa, Moscow and St. Petersburg, she called universal delight.
A. S. Pushkin under the impression of what he saw wrote: "Vesuviy Zev opened - the smoke hurried the club - the flame was widely developed as a combat banner. The Earth is worried - with a shitful column, idols fall! The people, persecuted by fear, under the stone rain and inflamed rush, the crowds of old and young runs from the gradation. "
This picture is located in the State Russian Museum in St. Petersburg.
7. Summing up the lesson.
Name the state of the ancient world.
Name the wonderful ancient buildings.
No. 4 in the working notebook. Prepare a message about interesting facts, about one of the states of the ancient world (s.5).
Bibliography.
1. Altynov P.I. Brief reference book schoolboy. - M.: Drop, 1997
- Millard E. History. Ancient world. - M.: Rosmen, 1997
- Papadakin V. Egypt: Land Faraonov. - M.: Tehgra, 1997.
- Miracle N.V. I know the world. History .- M.: AST, 1997
The world around 4th grade
Subject: "The world of antiquity: distant and close"
Tasks:
- we will get acquainted with some historical data of ancient Greece, ancient Rome, ancient Egypt (structures, discoveries, interesting facts)
- let's talk about the meaning of the invention of writing
- compare sources of study of primitive building and ancient world
The history of the ancient world has several millennia. This era existed such states as an ancient Egypt, ancient Rome and ancient Greece.
ANCIENT EGYPT
Egypt - One of the most ancient states on Earth. This an ancient state arose on the shores river Nile Approximately 5 thousand years ago, which originates in the mountains of Central Africa and flows into the Mediterranean Sea.
In ancient times, the river surprised people with their character. During the spill of the river, the irrigated the fields of the farmers and took the fertile il to the shore. The coastal land was well soaked with water, and there was a lot of black sludge in the water (small particles of rocks and pumping plants). This Il dressed on the yellow sands of the desert, and plants grew well - wheat, barley. The word "Egypt" means "black earth". For thousands of years, thanks to the spills of the Nile, in Egypt, a fat layer of fatty chernozem was formed.
Most of the population amounted to farmersthat all year round worked on the fields to provide food to the city. The peasants were grown wheat and barley, fruits and vegetables, as well as flax, from which they made a canvas. In Egyptian cities, everyone needs for life could buy in the bazaar. The money then did not exist, so the townspeople exchanged some products to others.
Basic transport In ancient Egypt, there were vessels on the Nile River.
Rains in the valley of the Nile so rarethat 10-12-year-old children could never see the rain in life. Life on the banks of the Nile was possible only because he spilled out annually - he left the shores.
Egyptians considered the sacred many animals. They worshiped lion, bull, dog, cat, Korshun, Falcon, Ibis, Crocodile, Cobru, Scorpio, Beetle Speaking. Many gods Egyptianswere like animals. The God of the Sun R. Depicted by a man with a bird's head. God of water and spill Nile Seb Presented in the form of a man with a crocodile head. God of wisdom, bills and letters was god God. Pictured him in the form of a man with a bird's head of Ibis.
They wrote the Egyptians with special signs - hieroglyphs. In one case, the hieroglyph could depict and mean some object. But in another case, the same hieroglyph could serve to designate one or several consonant sounds. There were no signs for vowel sounds in an Egyptian letter. Learn such a letter could not everyone. With the reverence of the Egyptians belonged to those who had mastered the diploma.
In ancient Egypt, the most famous statue A fantastic creature with a body of lion and a man's head - a giant (length - 57 m, height - 20 m) "Big Sphinx" In Giza, carved from the cliff (1 half half of the 3rd militant. BC) Sphinx, the energic pyramid of Giza, was one of the incarnations of the ancient Egyptian god of the Sun. It is possible that Pharaoh Hafra served as a model for the face of this Sphinx. All that should be needed in the deceased in the kingdom of the dead, was placed next to the sarcophage inside the tomb. Then the priests were removed, noted their traces on the floor of the tomb. Sarcophagus - Coffin made of wood, stone, etc. Materials, often in the form of a person. The ancient Egyptians were able to erect grand temples in honor of the gods. In the temple complex there were halls for rites, wide passages for the processions, it was served by thousands of servants and slaves. The priests in the temples belonged to the most powerful people of the country. It was believed that they have a special relationship with God.
Temples Egypt- Wonderful architectural monuments . Temple Karnak— without a doubt, the largest area in the entire ancient world, "was connected to the Luxor temple on the bank of the Nile with a powerful sefinx alley.
Much later than ancient Egypt, ancient Greece arose and ancient Rome.
ANCIENT GREECE
Greece- Unique on beauty, culture and history Mountain country in the south of Europe, located on the Balkan Peninsula. Although Greece occupies a small territory (about 132 thousand km.), And its population has only 10.3 million inhabitants, in historical and archaeological heritage it is difficult for her to find equals. Just imagine: the capital of Greece - Athens - founded back in the seventh millennium before the start of our era!
Athens - the capital of modern Greece. The heart of Athens is a temple complex on Mount Acropolis. Once a powerful road was led to the hill. On the day of the holiday, in honor of the goddess Athens, the inhabitants of the city were rising. On the Acropolis took place the main events of the holiday.
The center of the complex on Mount Acropolis was marble temple Parfenon, dedicated to the patroness of the city of Athena
In the north of Greece there is a high mountain, it is called Olympus. At the top of this mountain, the ancient Greeks settled their main gods. The life of the greeks on the Olympus Greeks was represented as the life of a notable family who captured power over other gods and people. The main among the Greek gods was considered Zeus - Studzzitz, the god of the sea Poseidon was subordinated to him, the God of the Underground Kingdom of Aid, and others portrayed the Greeks of their gods similar to people. For example, the god Winemaking Dionysus - in the form of a wonderful young man, the goddess of love Aphrodite was represented by an excellent girl. Relations between the gods are largely reminiscent of relations between people: they quarrel with each other, they are typing. And it happens - fighting and steal.
The history of the Olympic Games is connected with Olympics. Greek athletes trained, preparing for a sporting holiday, which was carried out in Olympia, located in South Greece, every 4 years. This holiday was the predecessor of the Olympic Games held and in our time. In the days of the Olympics, any hostilities were prohibited.
And how did the winners of the Olympiad in ancient Greece?
In each major city of ancient Greece there was a theaterAnd theatrical productions were very popular. All the ancient Greek theaters were built in one type - open-air and on the slopes of the hills.
The word "theater" itself of Greek origin. Literally, it is translated as "a place for spectacle". Initially, the Greek Theater was associated with the honors to Dionysus's deity.
Already in antiquity there appeared a simpler and more convenient writingthan a letter of ancient Egyptians. Piennia residents came up with such an alphabet, in which each sound (letter) passed a certain consonant sound. Based on the Phoenician letters created their alphabet ancient Greeks. In the Greek letter, for the first time, letters appeared to designate vowel sounds. The letters of the modern Russian alphabet occurred from the ancient Greek letters.
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ANCIENT ROME
Ancient Rome, Roman Empire - This is the name of one of the most famous states in the history of mankind. The name of Rome is associated with the name of his founder - Romulus.