Spelling words that need to be remembered. Simple and effective ways to memorize vocabulary words. Ways to memorize vocabulary words
Choose your own way of memorizing their spelling.
6.16 LITTLE, SEPARATE AND DEPHYSIC WRITING OF VARIOUS PARTS OF SPEECH
1. Spelling, something, something, etc.
Hyphens are written with the words prefix ko- and suffixes
something, something, something like that. For example:
still, somewhere, somehow
Remember: as if
2. Spelling of words with half-, half-.
Words are always written together.
For example:
ankle boots, short fur coat
Words with pol- can be written with a hyphen, together and separately.
A. Words with half- are written with a hyphen, if the root begins with
vowel, capital letter or l.
For example:
half a lemon, half Moscow, half an apple
B. In other cases, the words with pol- are written together:
half bridge, half wagon
Separately, words with pol- are written in the event that there is a definition between the gender and the word:
the floor of the cherry orchard, the floor of my plot
3. Spelling of adverbs.
The following adverbs are written with a hyphen:
a) formed by the repetition of the same word or the same root words: little by little, many, many;
b) having the prefix po and suffixes -m / -m, -i: in a new way, in a winter way, in a comradely way;
c) having the prefix в- / в- and the suffix -ih / -s: firstly, thirdly.
Attention! It is necessary to distinguish between hyphenated adverbs and their homonymous parts of speech:
Cold (how?) In winter (adverb). To walk on (what?) Winter (adjective) snow.
Remember: exactly, side by side.
4. Spelling of complex adjectives.
1. Adjectives denoting a shade of color: bright red. 2. Adjectives derived from compound hyphenated nouns: southwestern. 3. Adjectives denoting quality with an additional touch: sweet-salty. 4. Adjectives, the first part of which ends in -ico: chemical-biological. Exception: words beginning with Great: Great Russian. 5. Adjectives between parts of which you can put creative union I (formed from compositional phrases): Russian-German dictionary (Russian and German).5. Spelling of complex nouns.
Remember: work day, work hour, tumbleweed.
6. Spelling of derivative prepositions.
Derivative prepositions are formed by the transition of nouns in different case forms, adverbs and participles to another part of speech. In this case, the spelling of the word may change.
To distinguish a derived preposition from a homonymous independent part of speech, one should see if it is possible to ask a question to the word or the word itself is part of the question.
For example:
Walk (how?) Around (adverb). Walk (around what?) Around the house (derivative).
If you can ask a question by the way, then this is independent part speech, if the word itself is part of the question, it is a derived preposition.
Writing prepositions: on the contrary, in front, near, inside, around, along, near, according to, around, about, due to, during, in continuation, in conclusion, in view of, thanks, in spite of, in spite of.
It is necessary to distinguish between a derivative preposition and an adverb to meet and a noun with a preposition to meet. If this is a noun, then the word can be inserted between it and the preposition:
Run (how?) Towards (adverb). Run (towards what?) Towards the wind (derivative preposition). Run to a meeting with a friend (a noun with a preposition, as you can: Run to a long-awaited meeting with a friend).
V English language traffic is indeed written with a double consonant. However, when borrowing from foreign language the second letter is usually lost, which happened to the word "traffic", so it should be written with only one "f".
2. Future
The word "future" often gets the letter "yu" by analogy with the word "next". But it can be easily parsed into the root bud- and the suffix -usch-. There is simply no place for an additional sign. If the spelling is difficult, you can try to remember through the synonym "future". Still, even the very doubters will not raise their hand to write "the one who is coming".
3. Offline
The word "offline", as well as close to it "offshore", "offside", lost a double consonant when entering them into dictionaries, which is typical for borrowings. At the same time, if the spelling "offline" can still be explained by confusion with the original language, then the "offline" version is puzzling: english word is also written without a hyphen.
4. Rinse
If you are not talking to your automatic washing machine, it is difficult to imagine in what situation you might need the word “rinse”. But just in case, it is worth remembering that you need to correctly distribute instructions using the word form "rinse".
5. Producer
Probably, the extra "s" is formed by analogy with the word "director". But in both Russian and English "producer" is written without doubled consonants.
6. Come
The word has gone through many transformations. In older books, it can be found in the come and come versions. And the analogy with "go" is clearly traced. However, in dictionaries it is fixed only in one form - “to come”.
7. Grapefruit
No matter how much one would like to make "grapefruit" a full-fledged "fruit", this word is pronounced in the same way as in the language from which it was borrowed. Otherwise, the first part of the word would have to be Russified, but "grape fruit" does not sound very attractive.
8. Blogger
For foreign words that extort the second consonant, there is a rule: if there is a single root word, then you should use only one letter from the double. The blogger maintains a blog, so he is not entitled to extra letters.
9. It is unlikely
According to Vasmer's etymological dictionary, the unchangeable particle "hardly" comes from the word "series", it is it that can be used as a test. And the "li" particle is always written separately, so you shouldn't be lazy to press the space bar.
10. Imagine
Frankly speaking, the word "imagining" is not in the overwhelming majority of dictionaries and in the literary Russian language. But it has a certain semantic connotation and can look cute in colloquial speech. At the same time, you do not need to be a linguist to cry bloody tears from "fermented". So test "imagining" with the word "imagination" and spare other people's eyes.
11. Ice cream
If ice cream means a calorie bomb made from milk or cream, then in this word you should always write one "n". This noun is formed from an imperfective verb, the letter in such cases is not doubled.
12. Cappuccino
V italian, from which the name of cappuccino comes from, the word cappuccino was generously sprinkled with consonants. But in Russian, none of them doubles. Therefore, you can nod knowingly when, instead of cappuccino, you will find “cappuccino” or “cappuccino” on the menu.
13. Mosaic
Whether it's a picture of tightly packed pieces of glass or a children's puzzle, forget about bunnies and write it right: mosaic.
14. Handwriting
The insidious "d" strives to get in here, but she has no place in the word "handwriting". Because when you sit down to write text by hand, you have no intention of underlining anything, but rather handwriting.
15. Bulletin
“Bulletin” is a vocabulary word, so you have to memorize it. This can be helped by the fact that it originated from the Latin bulla - "ball", "seal".
16. Legitimacy
There are many ways to disfigure the word "legitimacy", but it is better not to do this and just remember how it is spelled.
17. Realtor
It is difficult to avoid confusion with the word "realtor". Office programs do not underline it in red in any spelling, "Russian Guild of Realtors" insists on the letter "e" in its name, and even the authors of dictionaries cannot come to a consensus. And yet in the most authoritative Russian spelling dictionary RAS under the editorship of Lopatin fixed the form "realtor", it is better to stick to it.
18. Registration
The check word "register" will help to find out which letter is hiding in place of an unstressed vowel, and will not let you write "registration" incorrectly.
19. Gynecologist
The gynecologist has nothing to do with the word "gene", but is very closely related to the Greek "gyneka" - "woman."
20. Guest worker
It is easy to remember how the word "guest worker" is spelled: in German gastarbeiter consists of two parts: gast - "guest" and arbeiter - "worker".
21. Colander
Another word from German language where the letters tend to get confused. Colander comes from durchschlagen, which breaks down into durch, through, through, and schlagen, to strike. But if the etymology does not help to remember the correct order of the letters, you can go the associative path, especially since the word is so consonant with the popular curse word.
22. Calories
The word "calorie" was borrowed from French. Calorie entered the Russian language practically unchanged, there are no doubled consonants in it.
23. Vinaigrette
The name of the salad is derived from the French vinaigre - "vinegar", and it - from the word vin - "wine". This makes it easier to remember how to properly describe the vegetable mix. As for the second vowel in a word, it is enough to remember that it does not coincide with the first. Then you will write "vinaigrette" without a single mistake.
24. Shopping
In English, shopping is written with a double consonant, and many people want to transfer the two "p" and into Russian. Fight this urge and remember that there are cognate words, such as shopping tour. And if only one "p" is used in them, then there is no need to double the consonant in "shopping" either.
25. Terrorist attack
The abbreviation of the phrase "terrorist act" begs for a second consonant, but it is not worth negotiating with him. According to the rules for the formation of abbreviations, only one of the two consonants is written in them. Therefore, it is correct to write "terrorist attack".
a) environment, b) chase, c) play, d. old, e. touch, e. tanned, g. acquire. d. danger
2.Choose the words in which the spelling of the vowel is checked by stress: a) p ... stolen; b) put on a suit; c) disassemble ... .wait; f) regret ... g) flare up; h) service.
A a), f), g) B b) c), f) C b), e), f) D e), f), g)
5.Specify a word with only three consonants.a) Drives b) laughter c) figure d) photo e) mouse f) skis.
6. Find a word in which all consonants are soft.
a) Purpose b) honor c) tea d) awl e) bridge f) weave.
7. Indicate the words in which all consonants are voiced.
a) Forty b) grandfather c) mole d) steppe e) lily f) novel.
8. List the words in which all consonants are voiceless.
a) Bones b) quote c) wilderness d) want e) clever f) twig.
9. Indicate words in which the pronunciation does not match the spelling.
a) Late b) flexible c) laughs d) headlight e) fur coat f) happy.
A, clear
B edge
Out the window
Balls
2. Indicate the line in which the word matches the scheme: prefix + root + suffix + end.
And care
B omens
On the road
H hillocks
3. Indicate a line in which all words are verbs
.A joy, fun, friendship
B rejoice, have fun, be friends
Joyfully, cheerfully, amicably
Joyful, cheerful, friendly
4. Indicate the word in which the dividing solid sign is written
.And in..yuga
B announcement
In the nightingale ... and
Mr. mon..yana
5. Indicate the word with unstressed [o] or [a] at the root, the spelling of which must be checked against the dictionary.
And d .. wait
B page ... on
In the ... station
G .. autumn
6. Write down the names Boris, Vera, Anna, Svetlana, Elena in alphabetical order.
7. Pick and write down a synonym for the adjective in the phrase “golden hands”.
8. Supplement the sentence with minor members and write it down. (What about me?) Spring (what about?) Has come (what about?).
9. Write down the sentence, underline the main terms and insert the missing fifth.
The clouds floated across the sky quietly and high and the summer day was resting from the heat.
In the next house, on the first floor, a boy was sick - he was bedridden. He had such a dachshund-black firebrand on four legs. The woman stood under the window and heard the conversation between Kosta and the sick boy. pain, don’t worry, ”Kosta's voice was heard. Mother wants to sell Laptya. She has no time to walk with him. I'll come in the morning, "Kosta replied after some thought. Only very early, before school. Come on, Lapot!"
2) From the sentence, write out a word in which the spelling of the consonant in the prefix does not depend on the subsequent consonant sound.
A mighty slope stretches between the two villages. One day, perhaps, one of the most secretive animals, the white-breasted marten, settled in the thicket of the slope. Soon she had children.
3) From the sentence, write out a word in which the spelling of the consonant in the prefix does not depend on the subsequent consonant sound.
Tolik saw how, in the smoke enveloping the neighborhood, two firefighters in helmets rushed to the house, unwinding their hoses, and another car drove up. A dry poplar stood in Temka's house, it was already burning like a torch. The burnt branches fell like red worms on the roof, and the roof flared up in front of Tolik's eyes, went into action in an instant.
4) From the sentence, write out a word in which the spelling of the consonant in the prefix does not depend on the subsequent consonant sound.
All day, the hunter chased the tracks and noted every little thing, rejoicing that the tracks this time imprinted on the snow especially sharply. He freed himself from unnecessary clothes and things that interfered with him, and now nothing prevented him from silently moving forward and forward. Suddenly, in the distance, something- then there flashed an environment of bushes growing here especially densely. Could it be a bird? ”thought Jan. But, looking closely, he realized: the gray spot in the bushes is the Deer of the Sandy Hills.
How to write complex words correctly and remain a literate person.
1. Traffic
In English, traffic is indeed written with a double consonant. However, when borrowing from a foreign language, the second letter is usually lost, which happened with the word "traffic", so it should be written with only one "f".
2. Future
The word "future" often gets the letter "yu" by analogy with the word "next". But it can be easily parsed into the root bud- and the suffix -usch-. There is simply no place for an additional sign. If the spelling is difficult, you can try to remember through the synonym "future". Still, even the very doubters will not raise their hand to write "the one who is coming".
3. Offline
The word "offline", as well as close to it "offshore", "offside", lost a double consonant when entering them into dictionaries, which is typical for borrowings. At the same time, if the spelling "offline" can still be explained by confusion with the original language, the version "offline" is puzzling: in English the word is also written without a hyphen.
4. Rinse
If you don't talk with your own washing machine, it is difficult to imagine in what situation you might need the word "rinse". But just in case, it is worth remembering that you need to correctly distribute instructions using the word form "rinse".
5. Producer
Probably, the extra "s" is formed by analogy with the word "director". But in both Russian and English "producer" is written without doubled consonants.
6. Come
The word has gone through many transformations. In older books, it can be found in the come and come versions. And the analogy with "go" is clearly traced. However, in dictionaries it is fixed only in one form - “to come”.
7. Grapefruit
No matter how much one would like to make "grapefruit" a full-fledged "fruit", this word is pronounced in the same way as in the language from which it was borrowed. Otherwise, the first part of the word would have to be Russified, but "grape fruit" does not sound very attractive.
8. Blogger
For foreign words that extort a second consonant, there is a rule: if there is a single root word, then you should use only one letter from the double. The blogger maintains a blog, so he is not entitled to extra letters.
9. It is unlikely
According to Vasmer's etymological dictionary, the unchangeable particle "hardly" comes from the word "series", it is it that can be used as a test. And the "li" particle is always written separately, so do not be lazy to press the space bar.
10. Imagine
Frankly speaking, the word "imaginative" is absent in the overwhelming majority of dictionaries and in the literary Russian language. But it has a certain semantic connotation and can look cute in colloquial speech. At the same time, you do not need to be a linguist to cry bloody tears from "fermented". So test "imagining" with the word "imagination" and spare other people's eyes.
11. Ice cream
If ice cream means a calorie bomb made from milk or cream, then in this word you should always write one "n". This noun formed from an imperfective verb, the letter in such cases is not doubled.
12. Cappuccino
In Italian, from which the name milk frothy coffee is derived, the word cappuccino was generously sprinkled with consonants. But in Russian, none of them doubles. Therefore, you can nod knowingly when, instead of cappuccino, you will find “cappuccino” or “cappuccino” on the menu.
13. Mosaic
Whether it's a picture of tightly packed pieces of glass or a children's puzzle, forget about bunnies and write it right: mosaic.
14. Handwriting
The insidious "d" strives to get in here, but she has no place in the word "handwriting". Because when you sit down to write the text by hand, you have no intention of underlining anything, but rather handwriting.
15. Bulletin
“Bulletin” is a vocabulary word, so you have to memorize it. This can be helped by the fact that it originated from the Latin bulla - "ball", "seal".
16. Legitimacy
There are many ways to disfigure the word "legitimacy", but it is better not to do this and just remember how it is spelled.
17. Realtor
It is difficult to avoid confusion with the word "realtor". Office programs do not underline it in red in any spelling, "Russian Guild of Realtors" insists on the letter "e" in its name, and even the authors of dictionaries cannot come to a consensus. And yet, in the most authoritative Russian spelling dictionary of the Russian Academy of Sciences, edited by Lopatin, the form "realtor" is fixed, it is better to stick to it.
18. Registration
The check word "register" will help to find out which letter is hiding in place of an unstressed vowel, and will not let you write "registration" incorrectly.
19. Gynecologist
The gynecologist has nothing to do with the word "gene", but is very closely related to the Greek "gyneka" - "woman."
20. Guest worker
It is easy to remember how the word "guest worker" is spelled: in German gastarbeiter consists of two parts: gast - "guest" and arbeiter - "worker".
21. Colander
Another word from the German language, where the letters tend to get confused. Colander comes from durchschlagen, which breaks down into durch, through, through, and schlagen, to strike. But if the etymology does not help to remember the correct order of the letters, you can go the associative path, especially since the word is so consonant with the popular curse word.
22. Calories
The word "calorie" was borrowed from French. Calorie entered the Russian language practically unchanged, there are no doubled consonants in it.
23. Vinaigrette
The name of the salad is derived from the French vinaigre - "vinegar", and it - from the word vin - "wine". This makes it easier to remember how to properly describe the vegetable mix. As for the second vowel in a word, it is enough to remember that it does not coincide with the first. Then you will write "vinaigrette" without a single mistake.
24. Shopping
In English, shopping is written with a double consonant, and many people want to transfer the two "p" and into Russian. Fight this urge and remember that there are cognate words, such as shopping tour. And if only one "p" is used in them, then there is no need to double the consonant in "shopping" either.
25. Terrorist attack
The abbreviation of the phrase "terrorist act" begs for a second consonant, but it is not worth negotiating with him. According to the rules for the formation of abbreviations, only one of the two consonants is written in them. Therefore, it is correct to write "terrorist attack".