The need for respect as a special form of security requirement. The need for recognition (basic needs) and support needs in respect

None of the existing motivation theories have such an impact on the thinking of managers as the theory of needs developed by a large specialist in motivating by Abraham Maslu.

The theory of the butter allows managers to more fully understand the aspirations and motives of the employee's behavior. Oil proved that the motivation of people is determined by a wide range of their needs. If earlier managers motivated subordinates almost exclusively only economic incentives, since the behavior of people was determined mainly by their lower levels, then thanks to the theory of Maslow, it became obvious that there were also intangible incentives for those who need to be done by the organization.

Oil allocated five major groups of human needs, which are in a dynamic relationship and form a hierarchy (scheme 1). This can be depicted in the form of ascending steps.

Scheme 1. Hierarchy of human motivation needs in order of their order

The theory of the hierarchy of human needs is based on regularity: when satisfying the need for one level, the need for the next, higher level. Satisfied need ceases to motivate.

People need to satisfy the needs in a certain order - when one group is satisfied, another one comes to the fore.

A man rarely reaches the state of complete satisfaction, throughout his life he wishes something.

It is necessary to consider the motivational groups in more detail.

2.1. Physiological needs

The needs of this group consist of the main, primary needs of a person, sometimes even unconscious. Sometimes they are called biological needs. These are human needs in food, water, warmth, sleep, rest, clothing, housing, and the like needed to survive the body, maintaining and continuing life. With regard to the working environment, they are manifested as a need · in wages, favorable working conditions, vacation, etc.

High earnings ensures a worthy existence, such as the opportunity to live in a comfortable apartment, well eat, wearing the necessary, comfortable and fashionable clothes, etc.

To pay for the basic life needs of employees, it is necessary to motivate their long-term benefits, providing a tangible high income and sufficient remuneration, provide them between breaks in work, weekends and holidays to restore forces.

If only the person dominates these needs, supplanted everything else, then it is not much interested in the meaning and content of labor, and it takes mostly about increasing its income and improving working conditions.

If a person is deprived of everything, he will primarily strive to satisfy his physiological needs. As a result, it can undergo changes to his views on the future.

The dissatisfaction of the person can also indicate the dissatisfaction of the needs of a higher level than the level of that need, on the dissatisfaction of which the employee complains. For example, when a person thinks he needs to be rest, in fact he may feel safe, not in a weekend or leave.

2.2. Safety and confidence in the future

If a person has sufficient physiological needs, then he immediately appears other needs that are related to the security of the body.

This group? One of the main life motivators, it includes both physical (safety technicians, labor protection, improvement of working conditions, etc.), and economic (social guaranteed employment, social insurance in the event of a disease and in old age) Security. Satisfying the needs of this group ensures a person confidence in the future, reflects the desire to protect itself from suffering, dangers, diseases, injuries, losses or deprivation. Confidence in the future is acquired by the warranty employment, the acquisition of the insurance policy, pension provision, the possibility of storing money in banks, by creating insurance potential by obtaining decent education.

For those who endured serious deprivation in a considerable period of life, this need is more pressing than for others.

To solve the needs of employees in safety, the employer needs:

1) Create workers safe working conditions;

2) to provide workers with protective clothing;

3) establish special equipment at workplaces;

4) Ensure workers with safe tools and devices.

2.3. Social needs (needs of accessories and involvement)

After the physiological needs and security needs are satisfied, social needs come to the fore.

In this group? The needs for friendship, love, communication and emotional connections with each other:

1) have friends and colleagues, communicate with people who affect us, share our joys and care;

2) be a member of the team and feel the support and cohesion of the group.

All this is expressed in the desire for warm relations with people, participation in joint activities, creating formal and informal groups. If a person is satisfied with social needs, he considers his work as part of joint activities. Work is a cement medium for friendship and partnership.

Reducing social relationships (work contacts and informal friendships) often leads to unpleasant emotional experiences, the emergence of a complex of inferiority, self-sustaining of society and so on.

To solve the social needs of employees, management should:

1) inspire employees to create groups and teams;

2) create conditions and allow one and the same group of people to work and relax together to strengthen and facilitate their relationship;

3) allow all groups to differ from other groups;

4) hold meetings, meetings for sharing professional issues, discuss all the cases that are interested in and contribute to the solution of professional problems.

2.4. The need for respect (recognition and self-affirmation)

When the needs of the three lower levels are satisfied, a person focuses its attention to the satisfaction of personal needs. The needs of this group reflect the desires of people to be strong, competent, confident in themselves and their own position seeking independence and freedom. This also includes needs in prestige, reputation, official-professional growth, leadership in the team, recognizing personal achievements, respect from the surrounding.

Every person is nice to feel his indispensability. The art of managing people is the ability to give to understand every employee that his work is very important for general success. Good work without recognition leads an employee to disappointment.

The team has a pleasure from his own role, he feels comfortable if he is provided and addressed by well-deserved privileges that differ from the general system of promotions for his personal contribution and achievements.

The most objective and stable self-esteem is based on the well-deserved respect of others, and not on external glory, fame or undeserved flattery.

2.5. The need for self-realization (self-expression)

These are spiritual needs. The manifestation of these needs is based on the satisfaction of all preceding needs. A new dissatisfaction and a new concern appear, while a person does not deal with what he liked him, otherwise he will not find soul equilibrium. Spiritual needs find self-expression through creativity, self-realization of the individual.

A person must be the one who he can be. Each person is amazingly rich in ideas, but it needs to be convinced.

The desire of a person to the most complete disclosure, the use of their knowledge and skills, the implementation of their own designs, the implementation of individual talents and abilities, achieving the whole desired, to be the best and feel satisfaction with their position is now undoubtedly recognized by everyone. Such a need for self-expression is the highest of all human needs.

In this group, the best, more customized than others, the parties and abilities of people are manifested.

For efficient human management, it is necessary:

1) to impose personal responsibility for the performance of production tasks;

2) give them the opportunity to show themselves, to realize themselves, giving them a kind, original work requiring ingenuity, and at the same time provide greater freedom in choosing means of achieving goals and solve problems.

People who feel the need for power and influence on others and even equal in position are motivated by the possibility:

1) manage and control;

2) convince and influence;

3) compete;

4) leading;

5) achieve goals and objectives.

All this must be supported by the praise for good work. People are important to realize that they work well and in their own way individual.

Important for managers has the fact that all human needs are located in a hierarchical order.

The needs of the lowest level.

1. Physiological needs.

2. Needs security and confidence in the future.

3. Social needs (needs of belonging and involvement).

4. The need for respect (recognition and self-affirmation).

Next level needs.

5. The need for self-realization (self-expression).

Firstly, lower levels must be satisfied primarily, and only after that you can contact the needs of higher levels.

In other words, a man who has hunger, will first strive to find food, and only after the food will try to build asylum. The fusion person is no longer attracting bread, the bread is only interested in those who have it.

Living in convenience and security, a person will first encourage the need for social contacts, and then starts actively strive to respect for those around others.

Only after a person feel internal satisfaction and respect for others, its most important needs will begin to grow in accordance with its potential. But if the situation is radically changed, then the most important needs may change to change. For example, at some point, the employee may sacrifice the physiological need for the need for safety.

When the employee whose low-level needs were satisfied, suddenly faces the threat of loss of work, his attention immediately switches to the lowest level of needs. If the manager is trying to motivate employees whose security needs (second level) are not yet satisfied, offering a social reward (third level), he will not achieve the desired targeted results.

If at the moment an employee motivates mainly the ability to meet security needs, the head can be sure that as soon as these needs are satisfied, a person will look for the opportunity to meet its social needs.

A person never experiences full satisfaction of his needs.

If the needs of the lower level will cease to be satisfied, the person will return to this level and will remain there not until these needs are fully satisfied, and when these needs are quite satisfied.

It should be borne in mind that the low level needs form that the foundation on which the needs of the highest level will fall. Only if the low-level needs remain satisfied, the manager has a chance to succeed, motivating employees through the satisfaction of the highest level needs. In order for a higher level of need hierarchy to influence human behavior, it is not necessary to meet the need for a lower level completely. For example, people usually begin to look for their place in some community long before their security needs are provided or their physiological needs will be fully satisfied.

The key point in the concept, the needs hierarchy of the oil is that the needs are never satisfied on the principle of "all or nothing." Needs partially coincide, and the person can simultaneously be motivated at two or more levels of needs.

Maslow did the assumption that the middle person satisfies his needs as follows:

1) physiological - 85%;

2) safety and protection - 70%;

3) love and belonging - 50%;

4) self-esteem - 40%;

5) self-actualization - 10%.

However, this hierarchical structure is not always tough. The butter noted that despite the fact that "hierarchical levels of needs may have a fixed order, in fact this hierarchy is far from such a" tough ". True, that for most people their basic needs were located approximately in the order as presented. However, there is a number of exceptions. There are people for whom, for example, self-esteem is more important than love.

From the point of view of the butter, the motives of the actions of people are mainly not economic factors, but various needs that are far from always can be satisfied with the help of money. From here, he made the conclusion that the productivity of labor would increase as the needs of workers satisfy.

The theory of Maslow has made an important contribution to understanding that it makes workers work more efficiently. Motivation of people is determined by a wide range of their needs. Persons with high mutual motivation can be divided into two groups.

The first includes those who strive for power for the sake of respect.

The second group includes those who seek power in order to achieve solutions of group tasks. There is a special meaning of the needs of the dominance of the second type. Therefore, it is believed that, on the one hand, it is necessary to develop this need from managers, and on the other - to give the opportunity to satisfy it.

People who are strongly developed by the need for achievements, more often than others become entrepreneurs. They like to do something better than competitors, they are ready to accept responsibility and rather large risk.

The developed need for power is often associated with the achievement of high levels in the organizational hierarchy. Those who possess this need have more chances to make a career, gradually climbing up the official staircase.

2.6. Assessment of self-actualization

The lack of an adequate tool for measuring self-actualization was initially stopped any attempt to make valid major oil approval. However, the development of a personal orientation questionnaire (POI) gave researchers the opportunity to measure values \u200b\u200band behavior related to self-actualization. This is a dedication questionnaire designed to assess the various characteristics of self-actualization in accordance with the concept of the oil. It consists of 150 statements of forced choice. From each pair of statements, the respondent must choose the better characterizes it.

POI consists of two main scales and ten subskil.

The first main scale measures the way a person is aimed at itself, and not directed to others in search of values \u200b\u200band meaning of life (characteristic: autonomy, independence, freedom - dependence, the need for approval and acceptance).

The second main scale is called "competence in time". It measures the way the person lives in the present, and not concentrate on the past or future.

Ten additional subishkals are designed to measure important elements of self-actualization: the values \u200b\u200bof self-actualization, existentiality, emotional reactivity, spontaneity, care for their interests, differentiation, aggression, the ability to close relations.

POI also has a built-in trading scale.

The only serious restriction for the use of POI, which has 150 points, is its length in research purposes. Jones and Crendall (Jones, Crandall, 1986) have developed a brief self-standalization index. The scale consists of 15 points.

1. I am not ashamed of any of my emotions.

2. I feel that I have to do what others are waiting for me (N).

3. I believe that people are essentially good and they can be trusted.

4. I can be angry with those who love.

5. It is always necessary that others approve what I do (N).

6. I do not accept my weaknesses (N).

7. I may like people who can not approve.

8. I am afraid of failures (N).

9. I try not to analyze and not simplify complex spheres (n).

10. It is better to be yourself than popular.

11. In my life there is no one that I would particularly dedicated to myself (N).

12. I can express my feelings, even if it leads to undesirable consequences.

13. I am not obliged to help others (N).

14. I'm tired of inadequacy (N).

15. They love me because I love.

Respondents respond to each assertion using the 4-valued scale:

1) disagree;

2) I do not agree partly;

3) agrees partly;

4) I agree.

The icon (N), the following statement, denotes that when calculating general values, the assessment of this item will be inverse (1 \u003d 4, 2 \u003d 3, 3 \u003d 2, 4 \u003d 1). The higher the general value, the more self-ductualized the respondent is considered.

After studying with the participation of several hundred college students, Jones and Krendall found that the values \u200b\u200bof the self-actutenization index positively correlate with all the values \u200b\u200bof much longer POI (R \u003d + 0, 67) and with measured self-esteem values \u200b\u200band "rational behavior and beliefs". The scale has a certain reliability and not susceptible to the choice of answers "Social desiracy". It was also shown that college students who took part in s self-confidence training were significantly increased the degree of self-actualization measured on the scale.

Characteristics of self-actualizing people.

1. More efficient perception of reality.

2. The acceptance of yourself, others and nature (take ourselves as they are).

3. Immediateness, simplicity and naturalness.

4. CENTRALITY ON PROBLEM.

5. Independence: the need for solitude.

6. Autonomy: Independence from culture and environment.

7. Freshness of perception.

8. vertex, or mystical, experiences (moments of strong excitement or high voltage, as well as moments of relaxation, pacification, bliss and tranquility).

9. Public interest.

10. Deep interpersonal relationships.

11. Democratic character (lack of prejudice).

12. Remuneration of funds and goals.

13. Philosophical sense of humor (friendly humor).

14. Creativity (ability to work).

15. Resistance to Oculse (are in harmony with its culture, while maintaining certain internal independence from it).

From the point of view of humanistic psychology, only people themselves are responsible for the choice they do. This does not mean that if people are given freedom of choice, they will certainly act in their own interests. Freedom of choice does not guarantee the correctness of the choice. The basic principle of this area is the model of a responsible person who freely makes a choice among the capabilities provided.

The need for recognition and respect is one of the main needs of a person. Each of us has a sense of self-esteem. We all need support and evaluation of both our personality and the results of our work. On the basis of estimated judgments, we understand how they are perceived by others, what our advantages and disadvantages are. We can make your own portrait in the eyes of others.

The desire to self-apparent, show its significance underlies the feeling of self-esteem. It is necessary to support his sense of satisfaction. If a person feels mighty, strong, free, competent, respected, independent, then he is confident in life. If its need is not satisfied, he feels weak, worthless, helpless, not capable of anything. He loses the taste of life, he is overcome melancholy and despondency, it immerses depressed, and no good long stay in such a state does not end. Disorder can lead to health problems and psyche.

Therefore, it is important in each person to maintain a sense of its significance. If this is not done and constantly humiliate a person or refuse to admit his talent, it is easy to break it and impose an irreparable damage to his psychological health.

According to researchers of human psychology, the need for recognition and respect can be conventionally divided into two components:

- Actually, the need for a person is noticed and evaluated, and it doesn't matter how;
- And the need for prestige, in respect, in recognizing its significance.

There are various ways to recognize. Someone is trying to stand out by their talent and its advantages, and someone is looking for recognition from the opposite, by violating the established rules, adding to criminal manifestations of their personality. Some are looking for recognition through the love of people, and others - through hatred.

The desire to stand out is based on human psychology. But, unfortunately, this property has its own opposite direction. So, the desire to stand out at all costs leads to the fact that some people lose a sense of reality and try to achieve respect and recognition from others to achieve unusual and even dangerous actions.

People who suffer from a lack of this need are subject to an unauthorized impact, which makes them in the hands of other people obedient tool. If in time does not support a sense of its importance in person for others, he can try to assert other people and go along the dangerous path.

Therefore, it is so important to provide support to others in a timely manner, demonstrate them their importance for you. But there is on this path and extremes.

Sometimes the need for recognition and respect develops into a maniakal attraction to become in the eyes of another best and outstanding. These people become perfectionists. They are afraid to step a step, considering that everyone is observed around behind them and everyone is discussed. Therefore, they calculate in advance how to dress, what and how to say how to see. They are afraid: "And suddenly they think bad."

There are other people in which constant attention from the surrounding gave rise to the Majuity. He is aware of himself with the most outstanding and strong personalities. Condemnation by other or insufficient attention to their person causes a sense of offended self-esteem. Such people become very prim. They are called by snobs in society.

In order not to fall into extremes and not feel a disadvantaged person, you need to really evaluate your strength and what you bring to this world. Respect for others to earn. And if you earn it with good actions, it will be long and genuine.

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What is respect - every person has its own concept of this sociocultural phenomenon. Respect you need both babies and the people of the revered age, this basic need gives a person a sense of necessity and significance in his family, profession, society.

What is respect - definition

Recognition of rights, advantages, the ability to see and take into account the borders, the personal features of another person - that's what respect means. Actions worthy respect affect the society and are always encouraged by creating a positive reputation. Respect for himself and other begins in the family, so it is important to grow this feeling from the very early age, the harmonious development of the person depends on this.

How does the respect manifest?

How to conquer respect - a frequent question of those who are just starting their career, business or family relationships. The manifestation of respect multidimensity, and develops both from small-time everyday actions, actions and having tremendous importance. To be a respected person and respect others, is an integral part of happiness and confirmation of the recognition of the merits of another. As the respect of people respects himself:

grateful expression is a simple action that has a powerful force and not a taking a lot of time;
compliments and expression of admiration;
the ability to put yourself in place of another;
performing these promises;
ability to listen to the end without interrupting;
if there is a place, it is not aimed at humiliation of personality, but only on specific misses in business or act.

What is respect for the elders?

Respect for the senior echoes the worship of the parents. Deep respect for the elderly, as those who have passed through heavy testing in life, in the people of the past it was in the order of things. What is the worship of the elders manifest?

polite attitude;
tactful behavior;
manifestation of care and attention (translate across the road to convey heavy bag, give way to transport);
assisting needy.

What is respect in relationships?

What is respect for a person? On this question, everyone sees their answer, but in general is to see individuality in another, the personality with its peculiarities and versatility and understanding that God or nature love variety, so people are all different. Relationship friendly, partnerships, family meet their own characteristics, but respect for them is based on the basis of general principles:

compliance with personal borders, space and non-unrest;
the opinion of a friend, a partner, a spouse can be different from its own - it is important to take it with acceptance and flexibility;
vision in another autonomous personality;
supporting and assistance in difficult periods, situations.

What is respect for nature?

Respect for nature is closely related to the compassion of all living things and concern about the world around. The situation on the planet is such that people mostly spend the resources: pumping oil - the blood of the Earth, as a result of which empties are formed, climb nature by waste, kill animals on a large scale - all this comes from disrespect and urgency. "After us, at least a flood!" - Thus said the French king Louis XV, today humanity faces the consequences of such a relationship.

What is respect for nature:

replenishment of resources used;
caring for animals and birds in winter;
events aimed at improving the environmental situation;
taking protected by rare animal species, birds, plants;
the introduction of environmental fuels that do not pollute the atmosphere.

What is respect for labor?

For the first time, the child faces the world of professions at school and respect for the teacher, becomes basic, determining. In modern schools to teachers, the attitude is more often dismissed and devaluating their hard work. The task of parents and teachers to form value to any kind of profession, the small child is important to show and explain this on the example that if the janitor did not clean the snow, people would be stripped in a snowdrift, and without teachers, a person would be illiterate, would not know how to write and read , there would be a lot of great discoveries, magnificent books would not be written.

What is respect for parents?

Respect for parents is formed in childhood. The way, as a mother and father treat each other - in children the basis of respect for themselves, parents and other people. It is not opening for anyone that children read the patterns of behavior from their parents and assign them to themselves. If the parents insult each other, the child is forced to go to the side of someone one of them, and in relation to another will feel like a traitor, and the protective reaction will look like a manifestation of disrespect for the one who betrays. "

What is gratitude and respect for parents, as is manifested:

the lack of reproaches to their parents (Dalited little, they did not bought the apartment, the apartment was not bought), the most valuable thing is that the parents gave - this is life;
removing parents as older, even if they are not right, not to enter into;
taking time and attention to your parents (calls, visits, conversations, help).

How to achieve respect?

Respect - the concept is mutual: without recognition and respect for others, it is impossible to count on respect in your direction. Every person, there is something to respect, but not all understand it. How to achieve respect in the team:

sincerely talk compliments:
rejoice in the success of others, celebrate it;
empathize;
be open and friendly;
do not allow ridicule to your address;
cultivate professionalism.

Respect for yourself

The need for respect is one of the most important basic needs, so a person identifies itself: "I am!", "I mean!". Respect for himself is formed to himself and enters the "I-Concept" of the person, which is formed on the basis of human assessment of significant people, further in public institutions. What is respect for yourself - there is no one characteristic parameter here, these are all self-esteem feelings:

knowledge of their strengths and weaknesses;
the desire for self-improvement and personal growth;
honesty with yourself;
work with flaws;
recognition of your merit and contribution as a person to society;
value of yourself as a person;
awareness of its divine essence;

Respect in the family

What is mutual understanding and respect in the family? Bert Hellinger, a German psychotherapist, at one time said that respect is a vessel, a form, and love is that this vessel fills, if there is no respect in the family, there can be no speech about love. Respect for a man As the head of the family has always been a tradition in many nations, children raised in such a family have seen significance and credibility. For sons to see the attitude of the mother to their father, based on respect. A man who makes his choice of spouse should also understand that if there is no respect for his wife, then this disrespect for himself.

Each person (with rare exceptions associated with pathology) constantly needs recognition in sustainable and, as a rule, a high assessment of its own advantages, each of us needs and respect the people around us, and the opportunity to respect themselves. The needs of this level are divided into two classes. The first includes desires and desires associated with the concept of "achievement". A person needs a feeling of his own power, adequacy, competence, he needs a sense of confidence, independence and freedom. In the second class of needs, we include the need for reputation or prestige (we define these concepts as respect for others), the need to conquer the status, attention, recognition, fame.

Satisfying the need for evaluation, respect gives rise to a sense of self-confidence, a sense of self-importance, strength, adequacy, feeling that it is useful and necessary in this world. The unsatisfied need, on the contrary, causes him a sense of humiliation, weakness, helplessness, which, in turn, serve as the soil for despondency, launch compensatory and neurotic mechanisms. Studies of severe cases of post-traumatic neuroses help us understand how much a person needs a sense of self-confidence and how helpless a man deprived of this feeling.

If such a person constantly needs confirmation that he is respected that he is valued, it is significant for his circle of people, to be confident that he will take it. The only way to constantly receive such confirmations from others, it is any way to be the center of attention. This was written by Froch in the book "Escape from Freedom" that a man chairs a sense of loneliness and helplessness runs away from himself, where he is accepted, and even better where he will be in the spotlight. Another Frankan wrote about the "Nerinom of the Weekend" in the first publications. When the working week, a person is even trying to understand who he and what he wants. When the weekend comes, he needs, first of all, somewhere all the time to run and something to do, because it is used to it and it does not give the opportunity to think, stop and look around, and secondly, he does not know what to do with himself alone. All this suggests that such a person has a low self-esteem, he does not accept himself or even worse does not know. But the problem is the main thing in the following: no matter how a person did not try to get recognition from the outside, this recognition to him all the time a little, and the internal alarm is not swaying (which, by the way, not everyone can find it, because it is already long enough to live with this alarm ). And now you have to constantly break into such a person, so that everywhere you can, be the center of attention, will be adjusted under all, and independently show your pseudo.

Theological discussions about pride and pride, numerous theories of deep dissociation (or non-compliance of natural nature), aged in the spirit of Froms philosophy, Rogersov's research "I", these works contribute to an increasingly deep understanding of the dangerous consequences of unrealistic self-esteem - self-esteem, built only on the basis of the judgments of others and lost relationship with real abilities, knowledge and skills of man.

It can be said that self-esteem only then will be sustainable and healthy when it grows out of the well-deserved respect, and not from the loss of others, not from the fact of fame or fame. It is necessary to clearly understand the difference between the achievement itself and associated with a sense of competence, meanwhile, which has been acquired solely with the effort of will, with an increase in the responsible attitude to the case, and what came to you as a result of the implementation of your natural, spontaneous inconsistencies, which is given to you Nature, a constitution, biological purpose, fate, or, in the words of Horney, your real me, and not an idealized pseudo-me.

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State Educational Institution of Higher Professional Education

Rostov State University Messages

Examination on discipline:

Man and his needs

Subject: PdebtinrespectandfromaMOOVATION

Introduction

2. The need for respect

3. The need for self-esteem

Conclusion

Bibliography

Introduction

The needs caused a person to actively look for ways to satisfy them, become internal motives of its activities or motives.

All living beings are needed, and this wildlife is different from inanimate. Another difference, also related to the needs, is the selectivity of the resignation of the living precisely what constitutes the subject of needs, i.e. That is why the body is currently not enough. The need activates the body, stimulates his behavior aimed at finding what is required. It seems to behave the body, leads to a state of increased excitability of individual mental processes and organs, supports the activity of the body until the corresponding state of needs is fully satisfied.

The number and quality of needs that have living beings depends on the level of their organization, on the image and living conditions, from the place occupied by the appropriate organism on the evolutionary ladder.

Less all the needs in plants that need mainly only in certain biochemical and physical conditions of existence. Most of all the diverse needs of a person who, besides physical and organic needs, there are still material, spiritual, social (the latter are the specific needs associated with the communication and interaction of people with each other). As personality, people differ from each other with a variety of needs and special combination of these needs. The main characteristics of human needs are strength, frequency of occurrence and a way to satisfy. An additional, but very significant characteristic, especially when it comes to personality, is the subject matter of the need, i.e. The combination of those objects of material and spiritual culture, with which this need can be satisfied.

1. Contentconcepts"need". HierarchyneedsbyBUT.Oil

The need is the state of the individual created by the need-experienced in the objects necessary for its existence and development and protruding the source of its activity. Needs are found in motifs, desires, desires, etc., encouraging a person to activities and the resulting form of manifestation. If the need for the activity is essentially dependent on its subject-social content, then in motifs this dependence is manifested as its own activity of the subject. Therefore, the system of motives revealed in the behavior of the personality is richer signs and more mobile than the need for its (motif system) essence.

Needs are objective, dynamic in nature, as they add up under the influence of socio-economic conditions for the development of social production and the level of material well-being, change at each particular historical stage.

American psychologist A. Maslow suggested that all the needs of the invented presented their concept of the hierarchy of human motivation needs in order of their order. A. Maslow allocates 5 levels of needs. Here they are:

Spiritual:

cognition, self-actualization, self-expression, self-identification ...

Prestigious:

self-esteem, respect from others, recognition, achieving success and high assessment, service growth ...

Social:

social ties, communication, affection, concern to cooler and attention to themselves, joint activity ...

Existential:

safety of existence, comfort, consistency of living conditions ...

Physiological:

hunger, thirst, sexual attraction ...

This scheme is based on the rule that the dominant needs located below should be more or less satisfied before a person can realize the presence and to be motivated needs upstairs, i.e. Satisfying the needs located at the bottom of the hierarchy makes it possible to awareness of the needs located above in the hierarchy and their participation in motivation. Oil, this is the main principle underlying the organization of human motivation, and the higher the person can rise in this hierarchy, the greater individuality, human qualities and mental health will demonstrate.

The key point in the concept of the hierarchy of the needs of Maslow is that the needs are never satisfied on the principle of "all or nothing." Needs partially coincide, and the person can simultaneously be motivated at two or more levels of needs. Maslow did the assumption that the middle person satisfies his needs as follows:

b physiological - 85%,

b existential- 70%,

b Social - 50%,

b prestigious - 40%,

b spiritual - 10%.

If the needs of the lower level will stop satisfied, the person will return to this level and will remain there until these needs are sufficiently satisfied.

In this paper, the needs of the person of the fourth level - prestigious, namely the need for respect and self-esteem.

2. Needinrespect

All people in modern society have the need for a stable, reasonable and high self-esteem. It always relies on the recognition and respect from others. A person feels comfortable only in the social environment, which supports self-esteem in it and high self-esteem.

Self-esteem satisfaction causes a sense of self-confidence, the feeling of their utility, value, strength, recognition of their abilities and useful results of activity, the feeling of their adequacy of the life situation. Obstacles in the implementation of self-esteem needs lead to the emergence of a sense of inferiority, weakness and helplessness.

Situations that may arise in this area of \u200b\u200bhuman needs, in humorous form were brilliantly described by N. V. Gogol. In his work, "the story about how Ivan Ivanovich was quarreled with Ivan Nikiforovich" two old friends were forever became enemies because of the only unsuccessful phrase, which appeared to Ivan Ivanovich extremely humiliating. In satisfaction, the psychological component of interpersonal communication, and not economic or any other factors, is apparently played in respected. Therefore, a special role in the implementation of this need belongs to the ethics of business communication, the competent organization of work in the contact zone.

Only a few types of service activities are sent directly to the realization of the need - for example, the organization of anniversaries, honors, celebrations, presentation of prizes and awards. However, indirectly this need must be taken into account in the design of all services without exception. Respectful attitude towards the client and to business colleagues always remains a significant reserve for improving the efficiency of service activities and the attractiveness of the service.

The underlined respect for colleagues, partners and customers is manifested in both psychologically competent communication, and in a ton, timely, attentive fulfillment of their obligations. Respect for customers can sometimes be expressed in fairly subtle forms. So, from the service personnel of hotels may require an underlined modesty in clothing: if the client considers that serving it people look exquisitive than he himself, it can be perceived as disrespect. According to observations of tourism specialists, many Russian students passing practices in hotels are considered humiliating for themselves to engage in such a "dirty" work as cleaning numbers. In Western European countries, cultural traditions are completely different. So, in Germany, students from very rich families consider even the most impersonal, "black" job in the hotel as an integral part of their future profession and fulfill it, as any other. The need for respect in different countries and social layers is implemented differently, so its study is absolutely necessary when designing and providing any service for one or another customer contingent.

Needinself-esteem

Self-esteem is recognition and taking itself as a significant, worthy of respect for the personality.

The emotional equivalent of self-esteem is self-esteem. This feeling is extremely easy wound from external social influences, for example, estimates given by other people, its chronic vulneracy becomes the basis on which the complex of inferiority arises.

However, it should be emphasized that the level of self-esteem affects not so much an individual assessment of other people as self-esteem. This means: much of what people make, aimed ultimately to look positively in their own eyes. Everything that man does, he does, ultimately, in order to preserve, protect, or strengthen self-esteem and, accordingly, self-esteem.

Persons with a low level of self-esteem, as a rule, more pillars, they are easier exposed to external influence. They have a very strong need for social recognition and attention. They are especially painful feeling disregard from others. They are easier to provoke on aggressive actions, because they are very sensitive to threats, outgoing, in their opinion, from other people. At the same time, the threat often exaggerates, and sometimes it simply exists only in their imagination. To protect against imaginary threat, they are in a state of fear and insecurity resort to a preventive attack.

People with reduced self-esteem with great difficulty go on an emotional convergence with other people. Their passion for anyone, even the passion is quite quickly replaced by the appearance of a feeling of fear, suspicion, anxiety, fear of losing a loved one. These experiences "are explained by the uncertainty in themselves, a painful sense of low-value that makes the constant evidence from a partner of respect and love and leads to an acute experience of loneliness and the inevitability of the formation of psychological protection forms."

Self-esteem and recognition by others are two different, in many respects opposite feelings of themselves. The more calmer and more confident person respects himself, the less he needs recognition by other people. Conversely: The stronger the person is eager for confessions, the more desperately boasts his achievements, his property or connections, the more poorly becoming his self-esteem.

It is necessary to clearly understand the distinction between self-esteem and recognition (confirmation of itself). Confirmation is the statement of what person is capable of. For example, the ability to read and write, own a foreign language, the presence of a profession. Interest in man, his attractiveness in the eyes of other people is also confirmed by himself. Recognition develops the person's confidence in itself, but not self-esteem. Men and women leading themselves as a bird's courtyard sending sexual signals into indifferent space, in general, people who wish them to admire them, as they admire the peacocks, "they all experience and experience the lack of self-esteem. Such characters do not have true respect for the partner, that is, the foundations for real love. Self-esteem is a very important feeling of itself, it is inherent only to a person who has absolutely clean beliefs and inevitably acts according to his convictions.

Some individuals, especially often women, believe: to achieve self-esteem, one must certainly make something special, at least to give birth to a child. Such "orthodoxs" focus on the fact that others do to gain confirmation of themselves, and at the expense of which acts others receive high social status. But following someone else's samples does not lead to self-esteem. Self-esteem comes to man only when the person himself is honest, conscientious and flawless. But the confirmation of himself a person can reach through the acts that he considers worthy of his aspirations.

Normal self-esteem is peculiar to people for whom it is quite natural to speak and act decently, honestly and conscientiously, in harmony with their beliefs. The arrogant pride of alien to these people, as alien to them and Rabolennye adaption. It is necessary to possess good lights to recognize a decent modesty of such people based on respect for themselves.

People for whom to talk and act, honestly, in good faith, following their convictions, are normal self-esteem, "says granted behavior. People who behave and act differently and their way of life destroy self-esteem, to know. They are wrapped up all the time, looking for bypass paths to fulfill their intentions. They find all sorts of excuses to do something not, or they say the opposite of what they intend to take. They are insincere, they are in a habit.

Conclusion

Each person who studies needs and their role in the life of a person should be ready to answer the question: a person manages needs or needs to manage a person?

The problem of regulating needs arises before each person in his daily practice. She is particularly an acute in those people who have the wealth of needs and the possibilities of their satisfaction.

There are requirements for long-term with the projected opportunities for their satisfaction, there are needs arising in extreme conditions, causing individuals by surprise, there are needs requiring its satisfaction of certain biological resources and mobilizing volitional qualities. There are needs that arise simultaneously and requiring a conscious choice: which one to give preference: go to a meeting with your friend or finish the preparation of a report for a seminar speech, to spend money on a cafe visit or buy a tutorial on them.

If you follow the hedonistic ethics, according to which a person always strives for pleasures and avoid suffering, a person will acquire a reputation of an unreliable business partner or an employee who is not able to overcome difficulties, everywhere and in all late. If a person is strictly followed by the installed schedule, acting on the principle: "Do not do what you want, but what you need," he can succeed in a career, promotion on the service staircase, but gradually lose friends, and then be the hostage to his discipline.

Manage the needs means to manage their activities, strive to achieve the result. If you have realized your need to get a higher education, you must subjugate this need for all current short-term needs and goals, calculate your strength and means to fully assimilate the program of each course. More precisely, studying at the university should occupy a leading place in your life.

If you, referring to the circumstances, will miss the classes, do not pass during the tests and exams, you will have such a long tail that you will stop them to manage and your need for higher education to turn into a beautiful, but not careful dream.

So, summarizing the above, we can conclude: a person can and should manage its needs. For this you need:

· Enjoy the senseless ideal, a high goal of your life. All temporal and transient goals and needs to be viewed through the prism of the main goal of their lives;

· Constantly take care of armed with funds to achieve a higher and temporal goal;

· Each action to meet the need to expose comprehensive motivation, not to make unmotivated actions;

· To form a reasonable will to be able to resist the temptations, pricks and follow their expensive.

Listusedliterature

1. Ershov P. "Man's Needs". Moscow. "Think". 1990

2. Stolyarenko LD. "Fundamentals of psychology." Rostov-on-Don. "Phoenix". 1996

3. Aseev V.G. Motivation of behavior and personality formation. Moscow. "EXMO" 1976. Library

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