05/29/2019 at 17:04 · VeraschegoLeva. · 6 550

10 most famous cosmonauts of the USSR and Russia

The Space Race of the USSR and the United States of America has become by-effect « Cold War"And lasted from 1957 to 1975.

The struggle for the development of space had not only a huge research and scientific importance, but also was an important propaganda symbol.

During these years, a lot happened: the first launch of the spacecraft, the first living beings in space (protein and arrow dogs), the first piloted flight, the first person in the open and on.

Many things happened for the first time and often by the authors of the records became Soviet astronauts.

Most experts converge that the end of the confrontation of the two superpowers was the joint flight of the Soyuz and Apollo ships with the subsequent docking. Cosmonauts visited each other's ships, which also happened for the first time.

Today we will recall the bright heroes of this race, and also tell me about those who flew after - the most famous cosmonauts of the USSR and Russia.

10. Alexander Kalery | 769 days, 6 hours, 33 minutes in space

Alexander Kalery He graduated from the Faculty of Space Research and Astrophysics in 1979, 4 years after the end of the race.

At the same time, he began working in a team who was engaged in orbital space Station "Peace". In astronauts, he came only after 3 years, becoming a member of the 7th set.

He received a test pilot, and first flight to the stars committed in 1992 to the "Union TM-14", which went to the "World". Then he first came out open space, After spending a total of 145 days.

In the future, Calery sat down 4 times 4 times, having completed the last flight in October 2010 as a crew commander (returned in March 2011, the flight lasted 159 days).

In total, the duration of its expeditions is 759 days (the 5th result in history), for which it was repeatedly awarded not only in Russia, but also NASA.

9. Valery Poles | 678 days, 16 hours, 34 minutes in space

Soviet (and after - Russian) cosmonaut Valery Polyakov spent 678 days in space and for this indicator follows For Calery (although 4.5 years he was an absolute record holder).

The difference is that Poles made only 2 orbital flights: 240 and 437 days. Already after the first he received the title of Hero Soviet Union, Order of the Honorary Legion in France and a lot of other awards. The second has become recorded at all: no one has been in space in space longer than Valery Polyakova. This achievement brought him the title of Hero of Russia and followed in history forever.

Despite the fact that he is by profession a doctor (he was a physician and on OK "Peace"), the thrust for the stars always prevailed: some people personally familiar with him claim that he was ready to even go on Mars with a one-way ticket, then There is a permanent flight.

8. Sergey Cricalev | 803 days, 9 hours, 38 minutes in space

The "Union of TM-7" started from the first site of Baikonur on November 26, 1988, losing the three Soviet and one French astronaut. Sergey Krikalle He was a flight engineer of that team and with her came back in 151 days, having received the title of the Hero of the USSR upon arrival.

Sleeping into space for another 5 times, it with the result of 803 days in space was a record holder until 2015 (now 2nd).

The most interesting was the second flight, which began in 1990. Having spent almost 312 days at the Mir station, Cricalev returned home in March 1992. This means that he flew from the Soviet Union, and returned to Russia, immediately received another Order of the hero, Russian.

7. Elena Kondakov | 178 days, 10 hours, 41 minutes in space

For the first time Elena Kondakova Fled to space on October 4, 1994 at the TM-20 Union, spending there a total of 5 months.

2 years after return, Kondakova became a member of the crew of the American ship "Atlantis" during the 6th docking with OK World.

She became the third woman-cosmonaut of the USSR and Russia, but in 1999 decided to leave the profession and engage in politics. She was elected to the State Duma, the deputy of which she was 2003 from the party "United Russia" (out of it in 2011).

6. Gennady Fadel | 878 days, 11 hours, 29 minutes in space

878 days - exactly so much Gennady Padalka stayed in space. He is an absolute record holder in this indicator, having achieved this for 5 flights.

It all started from the Soyuz TM-28 ship, on which the Fadel started from the Earth as a crew commander. His last flight took place in 2015: During him, Gennady not only established his record, but also made the anniversary 10th exit to open space, having spent five and a half hours there.

5. Hermann Titov | 1 day, 1 hour, 18 minutes in space

German Titov He was a direct member of the cosmic race and could even become the first person in space, as he was a dubler Yuri Gagarin. However, the achievements of him and without it there is enough:

• The youngest cosmonaut in history (in August 1961, during the flight to "Sunrise-2", he was 25 years and 330 days).
• The first person who has committed a long flight (on the ship "Sunrise-2" spent more than a day in space).
• Second Soviet cosmonaut.
• The second person in history, which made a subborital flight.
• Hero of the Soviet Union.

He reached all this in one flight, as it became an instructor on returning to the ground.

4. Anatoly Solovyov | 651 days, 3 minutes in space

Anatoly Soloviev For its 5 expeditions, 651 days flew, a whole 16 times going into open space.

In total outside the station, he spent almost 79 hours, which is still a global record, although the last time he put on the jade in 1997 (returned in 1998). In that flight, he was the commander of OK "Peace", being in the status of the Hero of the USSR.

Also Anatoly Solovyov experienced pilot: on his account more than one and a half thousand hours behind the helm, one and a half hundreds of jumps with parachute, and the ability to manage the 14th types of aircraft.

3. Alexey Leonov | 7 days, 32 minutes in space

Career Cosmonaut fell on the hottest years of opposition to the Councils and the United States, when no one went into open space and was not on the moon.

With the first task Alexey Leonov Successfully coped on March 18, 1965, spending 12 minutes and 9 seconds outside the ship "Sunrise-2".

He could also become the first person on the moon, but the program was canceled and the American Nile Armstrong became the first.

The second flight of Leonov made after 10 years, commanding the crew of the "Union-19", which flew under the program "Epas" (Experimental flight "Apollo" - "Union"). Having spent in space for almost 6 days, the team of our ship performed a dock with American, what happened for the first time (before that ships different countries Never sharpened).

2. Valentina Tereshkova | 2 days, 22 hours, 51 minutes in space

After a number of successful projects, especially the flight Gagarin, the leadership of the USSR wanted to somehow "click on the nose", so it was planned to send a woman into space.

Valentina Tereshkova She became the 6th cosmonaut of the Union and the 10th in history, and still remains the only representative of the weak gender flying alone.

Curious fact: According to the results of the medical system and the general training, Tereshkova was the worst of the 5 selected candidates. They chose it for political reasons: she was from a simple working family and, moreover, he knew how to speak to the public, exposing the Soviet system in the advantageous light.

1. Yuri Gagarin | 1 hour, 48 minutes in space

Most famous cosmonaut On the entire post-Soviet space, which became first man in world history, who flew into space.

On the ship "Voskhod-1" Yuri Gagarin stayed there 108 minutes April 12, 1961. Starting from 1962, this day became a holiday: Happy Cosmonautics Day.

After returning, he became a star of not only the All-Union, but also a global scale: he visited over 30 countries, where he was met as a real hero.

If it were not for premature death during a training flight by plane, he could still repeat his name in history.

Choosing readers:

What else to see:

The first cosmonauts of the USSR

Cosmonaut №1 - Yuri Alekseevich Gagarin (1934 - 1968)

Yuri Gagarin (1934-1968), pilot-fighter aviation, first space flight:
April 12, 1961 "Vostok".
He died on March 27, 1968 in a plane crash.


Funeral Gagarin

Historical flight Yuri Alekseevich Gagarin took place in the morning of April 12, 1961.
The spacecraft "East" started from the Baikonur cosmodrome and, having rolled out once around the Earth, landed in the Saratov region.
Moreover, Gagarin catapulted and landed with a parachute.

Cosmonaut №2 Hermann Stepanovich Titov (1935 - 2000)

Hermann Stepanovich Titov (1935-2000), air defense pilot, one space flight: August 6, 1961 "East-2". Left the cosmonaut detachment 06/17/1970.
In the future, he worked at the Institute of Space Research.

Cosmonaut №3 Andrian Grigorievich Nikolaev (1929 -2004)

Andriyan Grigorievich Nikolaev (1929-2004), air defense pilot, two space flights: August 11, 1962 "East-3"; June 1, 1970 Soyuz-9. Left the cosmonaut detachment 01/26/1982.

Cosmonaut №4 Pavel Romanovich Popovich (1930 - 2009)

Pavel Romanovich Popovich (1930-2009), pilot of the Air Force, two space flights: August 12, 1962 "East-4"; July 31974 "Soyuz-14". Left the cosmonaut detachment 01/26/1982.

Cosmonaut №5 - Valery Fedorovich Bykovsky (1934)

Valery Fedorovich Bykovsky (1934), a pilot of the Air Force, three space flights: June 14, 1963 "East-5"; September 15, 1976 "Soyuz-22"; August 26, 1978 Soyuz-31. Left the cosmonaut detachment 01/26/1982.

Cosmonaut No. 6 - First Woman - Cosmonaut - Valentina Vladimirovna Tereshkova (G.1937)

Space flight on June 16, 1963, "East-6", at the same time in orbit was East-5, piloted by the pilot cosmonaut Valery Bykovsky.

Cosmonaut number 7. Vladimir Mikhailovich Komarov


Vladimir Mikhailovich Komarov (1927-1967), pilot-engineer of the Air Force, two space flights: October 12, 1964 "Sunrise";
April 23, 1967 "Soyuz-1". April 24, 1967 Vladimir Komarov died during landing after flying to space ship Soyuz-1. (His dubler in this flight was appointed Yu.A.Gagarin).
We have a book about Komarov at home.

On October 12, 1964, the world's first multi-sided spacecraft flew into space. For the first time in the crew were not only a pilot, but also an engineer and a doctor.
For the first time in history, the crew made a flight without a scafflers.
For the first time, a soft landing system was applied. Call sign "Rubin" day sounded from orbit. The total duration of the flight was one day of 17 minutes, during which time the ship had shielded the globe 16 times.

Cosmonaut number 8. Konstantin Petrovich Feoktististov

Konstantin Petrovich Feoktists (1926 - 2009), Cosmonaut pilot-cosmonaut, researcher-cosmonaut Spacecraft "Sunrise", 8th cosmonaut of the USSR and the 12th Cosmonaut of the World, Doctor of Technical Sciences.
K. P. Feoktists was the first civilian cosmonaut and non-partisan in the history of Soviet cosmonautics, which committed a cosmic flight.
A participant in the Great Patriotic War from 1941 fought in the infantry, was a scout. In 1942, he was captured by the Germans and was shot, but remained alive.
During the Great Patriotic War, Feoktists threw her studies and went to the front. Fought the intelligence of the military unit. During the execution of intelligence in the city, Voronezh Feoktistov was captured by the German patrol and miraculously survived after the execution:
After the end of the MWTU in 1949 he worked in NII-1 in the group M. K. Tikhonravov, then in OKB-1 (now NPO "Energy").
He participated in the development of the first artificial satellite of the Earth, the ships "East", "Union", "Union T", "Union TM", "Progress", "Progress-M", Salute orbital stations and "Peace".
In the cosmonaut detachment from 1964 on October 12-13, 1964 made a flight into space on the ship "Voskhod-1".

Cosmonaut №9 Boris Borisovich Egorov

Boris Borisovich Egorov (1937 - 1994). Doctor - Cosmonaut.Made one flight on the multi-seat ship "Sunrise 1", lasting - 1 day 0 hours 17 minutes 3 seconds.
In the future, he worked at the Institute of Medical and Biological Problems on Immissibility.
Doctor of Medical Sciences.

Cosmonaut №10 Pavel Ivanovich Belyaev

Belyaev Pavel Ivanovich (1925-1970), a pilot of marine aviation, one space
flight: piloted on March 18, 1965 "Sunrise-2".
He graduated from the Yeysh Military Aviation School of Pilots in 1945, participant soviet-Japanese war August- September 1945.
When landing the ship "Voskhod-2", due to the deviations in the work of the vehicle orientation system in the sun, P. I. Belyaev manually oriented the ship and turned on the brake engine. These operations were performed for the first time in the world.
As a result, the "sunrise" landed in an unspent area of \u200b\u200b180 km north of the city Perm. In the report of TASS, it was called landing in the "spare area", which actually was a deaf Perm Taiga ..
For two nights, cosmonauts had to hold one in the wild forest with a strong frost. Only on the third day they made their way to the deep snow rescuers skiing, which were forced to cut the forest in the landing area of \u200b\u200bthe "sunrise" to clear the platform for landing the helicopter.
Flight duration - 1 day 2 hours 2 minutes 17 seconds.

Cosmonaut No. 11. Alexey Arkhipovich Leonov.

The world's first way out into open space.
Alexey Leonov (1934), pilot of the Air Force, two space flights: March 18, 1965 "Sunrise-2"; 15 Jul I 1975 Soyuz-19. Left the cosmonaut detachment 01/26/1982.

Leonov made the first in history cosmonautics spacewalk duration 12 minutes 9 seconds. During the exit, exceptional courage showed, especially in an abnormal situation, when the swollen space savage was prevented by the return of the astronaut into the spacecraft. Log in to the gateway, Leonov managed only to hovering out of the square of excessive pressure, while he climbed into the ship's hatch is not legs, but head forward, which is prohibited by the instruction.
In 1975, July 15-12, Leonov together with V. N. Kubasov made a second flight into space as a commander of the Soyuz-19 spacecraft under the program "Epas" (Other, Frequently mentioned name of the program - "Union - Apollo") .
A.A. Lonov is the author of about 200 paintings and 5 art albums, among which are magnificent space landscapes, fantasy, earthly landscapes, portraits of friends (watercolor, butter, Dutch gouache).

April 15 - the birthday of the pilot - the cosmonaut of the USSR No. 12 George Timofeevich Coastal.

Georgy Timofeevich Coastal Born on April 15, 1921 in the Ukrainian village Fedorovka Poltava province. Childhood and youth spent in the city of Enakievo. It was here that he graduated from school, made the first steps of a labor biography - an electric trainer at the Yenakiyevsky Metallurgical Plant, here for the first time climbed into the air, being a cadet of the Yenakiev Aerokluba.
By the beginning of the Great Patriotic War, George Coast was quite prepared by a positive attack aircraft. Fate kept him, although in the war years the brave pilot had to repeatedly watch death in the face. He graduated from the war by the Hero of the Soviet Union.


After the war, he successfully graduated from the highest officer courses of test pilots. He worked as a test pilot of the USSR, having received the title of Honored Test pilot in 1961, and in 1963 he made enrollment in the cosmonaut detachment, despite age.
Having passed the full course of preparation for flights on the ships of the Union, October 26, 19, 1968 - at 47 years old! - Made a space flight on the Soyuz-3 ship. The flight was the first in the history of an attempt to dock with the unmanned ship Union-2 in the shade of the Earth. The flight lasted 3 days 22 hours 50 minutes 45 seconds. For the commission of space flight on November 1, 1968 awarded the second medal " Golden Star"Hero of the Soviet Union.
Last war without serious wounds, he didn't die in peacetime: on January 22, 1969, in the Kremlin, during a cosmonauts cosmonauts meeting, Officer Viktor Ilyin fired a car into which the coast was driving, having accepted her for the car Brezhnev. The error contributed to the light outer similarity of the coastal with Brezhnev. The driver who was sitting behind the wheel was mortally wounded, and the shore was lightly wounded from the cutters of the windshield.
After the Space Flight, the Lieutenant-General of Aviation Coast worked for a long time worked as the head of the Center for the Training of Cosmonauts and brought up a whole generation of argonauts of space. He resigned in 1987 in the rank of lieutenant-general. But continued active social work as a deputy of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR.

Georgy Coast died on June 30, 1995 during the operation on the heart. He was buried in Moscow at the Novodevichy Cemetery.

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The cosmonauts of the USSR became the first in mysterious and beautiful space. Humanity has always dreamed of contacting other civilizations.

Cosmonautics keeps knowledge from which the Universe and Man itself happened. Is there any other planet with similar conditions for life in the foreseeable space, and possibly with its history?

Who says that the outer space is only black, he does not know too much about the world outside the famous planets. Modern residents may not remember why the history of cosmic development began. Forties all over the world come up with ways to move in time (from the point of view of modern portals, portals are possible).

However, without memories of the discovers, we are unlikely to cross the limits of an affordable (visible) space. We will not go to other galaxies and astronautics waiting for death.

Space nation, such "title" Our country received after a successful flight of Gagarin. This was not just a national achievement or pride, but an application for global domination. Russians lowered to Earth from black cosmos depths not only than fame.

The nation of the whole world recognized the presence of a new "cosmic" tactical advantage for any conducted military operationwhich in modern realities could be called "Space Wars".

First space warrior

They became Gagarin Yuri, born in Kashinsky village at the beginning of the twentieth century. His study was interrupted during patriotic War. Six years after the end of the Germans attempts to conquer the Union, the future pilot entered the Saratov technician, where he became interested in air flights. After another five years, Yura enters the flight school.

To his first flight in the dark space, Yuri was able to fly over two hundred hours. In April, sixty-first years (twentieth century) he spent over the limits of our planet a little more than a hundred minutes (108) on the ship "Vostok-1". Landing has passed successfully.

The need to declare a public forced Americans to invest a lot of money in the fight against the "Red Country". The victory could bring the spiritual rise of the loser country.

"Tips" did not seek approval about the financing of space programs, but decided to cover exclusively successful missions. Soviet citizens decided that the USSR program is not able to fail. They were mistaken.

In the table below in chronological order Cosmonauts of the USSR are indicated, the names of their spacecraft, the flight date and other data.

Space warrior named Konstantin

Feoktists Konstantin Petrovich - this researcher held a day in space. Alas, the second flight he never waited "by the state of health." This "condition" remains with him after the unsuccessful "execution" in German captivity.

After the hostilities elected a "peaceful" way and at the sixty-seventh received a doctoral degree.

Many events related to the death of pilots were tempted for a long time. Even now, half a century later, their number is definitely not known.

Few people know about Komarovo Vladimir, best friend soviet hero Gagarin. The second after Gagarina, Vladimir died during the unsuccessful return of his capsule "Soyuz-1". There were rumors about his last minutes, in which many people claim, he opposed the Soviet regime and accused them of his upcoming death.

Officially successful second flight into space was the flight under the control of Herman Titov (this is a former Dubler Gagarin).

There are many theories with respect to the weighted space pilots. The secrecy of the government spawned a lot of hypotheses about the "missing" in the space people. And there are approval that the flights were made long before the first flight in 61 (20th centuries). Public evidence, except for taking some photos in the means mass media, not.

All evidence supporting the theory of "lost" astronauts was regarded as inconclusive, and some cases turned out to be a hoax. In the eighties, a journalist from America conducted his own investigation into the catastrophe in the Soviet Union, but also did not find any evidence.

Bondarenko Valentin Vasilyevich

The deceased Russian pilot cosmonaut. Like many astronauts, it was preparing for the future flight into space, passing tests in the Survival chamber in the NII-7 of the Air Force. Selected pilots were tested with silence and loneliness. The tenth days of Valentine's stay in Surdobarocamera ended.

At the end of one of the medical experiments, Valentin Vasilyevich disappeared special sensors from his body, the touter of the attachment places of the tampon, moistened with alcohol, and then accidentally threw it out. The tampon, hitting the spiral of the hot splash, instantly flashed. A training wool suit caught fire at the pilot.

When they opened the barocamera, Valentine was still alive. But in the hospital, after eight hours of attempts to help doctors, he died, having experienced a burn shock incompatible with life. 19 days before the first official flight to Cosmos, Valentin Bondarenko died, who consisted in the group of training cosmonauts.

Vladimir Mikhailovich Komarov

Born in the sixteenth of March twenty-seventh year in Orenburg region. In the forty-fifth year he graduated from the Aviation School in Borisoglebsk. In the list of cosmonaut pilots, he was under the seventh number. Made two flights to space on two ships of the first generation "Union" and "Sunrise."

The first space expedition without scafflers (they were removed due to lack of space) took place in October sixty fourth. The flight was successful. Komarov spent a little more than a day in space (as long as the flight lasted), after which, using a soft landing system, successfully completed his first expedition.

In the second flight from the very beginning there were many abnormal situations and small failures warning about threatening misfortune. At the final stage, due to the failure of the system of the parachute landing, the device entered the uncontrolled rotation, hit the land at high speed in the Adamovsky district of the Orenburg region, collapsed and caught fire. The "Union" of the second generation burned down in April sixty-seventh year.

Viktor Ivanovich Patsayev

Born nineteenth June thirty-third in the territory of modern Kazakhstan, in Aktyubinsk.

Fifty-eighty-year year got a job in the Design Bureau of the famous queen. Thirteen years later made a flight as an explorer's engineer as part of Soyuz-11. Spent twenty-three days in space on orbital station "Salute-1".

However, when landing the "Soyuz-11" apparatus, there was depressurization, all three crew members - Victor, Dobrovolsky Georgy and Volkov Vladislav - died. Posthumously, in the same 71 year, they all received the "Hero of the Soviet Union" award.

Volkov Vladislav Nikolaevich

Vladislav was born two years later than Patsayev in Moscow. After graduating from Moscow aviation Institute, worked in KB Queen. Vladislav Volkov is one of the developers of many spacecraft, including ships "East" and "Sunrise."

The first expedition to space occurred on the Soyuz-7 ship in 1969 and lasted four days and twenty-two hours. In the second expedition, held at seventy-first year, being consisting of Patsayev and Dobrovolsky, died during the depressurization of the Soyuz-11 ship.

Dobrovolsky Georgy Timofeevich

Georgy was born in 1928, on the first day of summer, in Odessa. In 1944, he was captured by the occupying troops of Romania and sentenced to 25 years of cortics. A month later, in March, local residents Booked George at the Prison Guard.

After the liberation of his hometown from the occupation, he entered the special school air forcesHe graduated in 1946 studied at the Chuguev Aviation School, served as a pilot fighter, graduated from the Air Force Academy (now wearing the name of Yuri Gagarin).

In January 1962, when George Timofeevich was 33 years old, he was invited to undergo training in the cosmonaut detachment. Dobrovolsky prepared in the lunar program. In 1971, he made his first flight on the Soyuz-11 ship, which ended in the tragedy. All three crew members, in the heyday, died.

Women-cosmonauts of the USSR and Russia

Amazing fate of women who devote themselves to work in the space sphere.

Tereshkova Valentina Vladimirovna

The first woman who went into space, and even alone (the only one in the world today!), Became Valentine under the call sign "Gull".

Valentina Vladimirovna was born four years before the beginning of the Patriotic War, March 6. Fifty-third graduated from 7 school classes, further graduated from 3 more classes, combining training with work and helping his family. Possessing a good musical hearing learned to play at Domre.

Valentine's profession before entering the cosmonaut detachment:

• braceletter on a bus factory in Yaroslavl;
• roven at the plant of technical fabrics of the same city;
• student correspondence department Technical school of light industry, specialty - technician-technologist for cotton growing;
• secretary of the Committee of the WRCSM;
• pupil of the Parachute Club of Yaroslavl (performed 90 jumps).

In 1962, selected from 100 contenders in the female detachment of training cosmonauts. Valentine fully corresponded to the criteria for which the selection occurred is to 170 cm in growth, up to 70 kg in weight, parachute, age up to 30 years. Also, in addition to excellent flight preparation and successful passage all tests soviet authorities They looked at social status (it was from the working class) and the ability to lead an active social life.

The flight made on June 16, sixty-third-year-old on the East-6 spacecraft. Almost three days lasted Valentina's flight, she made 48 turns around the Earth, led the logbook, took pictures of the planet.

After his triumphant return, Valentine became an instructor of astronauts, in this position worked until April 1997.

After the flight of Valentina Vladimirovna, Valentina Vladimirovna graduated from the Air Force Academy. Zhukovsky, defended her thesis, became a professor, published more than five dozen scientific work. This amazing woman was ready to fly on one side.

Kondakova Elena Vladimirovna

Elena is the first Russian cosmonaut of a female, which has made a long flight into outer space. She was born fifty-seventh year in Moscow.

Her flight took place in ninety-fourth, when the union was no longer. He returned to our planet Elena in March 95, after five months stay at the Mir station. The second flight on the American shuttle "Atlantis" was held in 1997 in May from 15 to 24 numbers.

Here will be presented a list of women's detachment. Let part of these brave-bearing astronauts already deceased, but remember these six names:

Russian cosmonauts

In which town is being trained by domestic cosmonauts

The Gagarin Field Space Preparation Center is the main Soviet and Russian institution of Roskosmos. "Star town" was created at the beginning of the sixties in the near Moscow region Shchelkovsky.

As a manager, Krikalv S. G. At the end of the same decade, the center was assigned the name of the first person who was visited in outer space.

A young training center for preparing people to travel to space is in the forest, hidden from prying eyes. Get into the "town" difficult.

With a population of six thousand people, this closed administrative territorial division is surrounded by the forest. Every five years, the deputy composition is elected, and all one large Russian corporation is subject.

Few people from Western journalists or reporters had access to the treasury of Russian cosmonautics, where the Great Conquerors of the Dark Space was trained.

Only one photographer managed to get beautiful pictures of the secret complex Mitch for the name Karunarat. He was allowed to delve to 48 kilometers from the capital and see the center in which the legendary cosmonaut was trained with the cedar coder (call sign gagarin).

Conclusion

To this day, despite the fact that this area is no longer a military zone, but passed space Agency In the 2009th, strangers are still difficult to get access to the star town.

1. The very first cosmonaut in humanity in the history of mankind Yuri Gagarin I went to conquer space on April 12, 1961 on the ship "Vostok-1". His flight lasted 108 minutes. Gagarin was awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union. In addition, it was awarded "Volga" with numbers 12-04 yAG - this is the date of the perfect flight and initials of the first cosmonaut.

2. First Woman Cosmonaut Valentina Tereshkova Made a flight in space on June 16, 1963 on the ship "Vostok-6". In addition, Tereshkova is the only woman who has committed a single flight, everyone else flew only in the crews.

3. Alexey Leonov - The first person who came into open space on March 18, 1965. The duration of the first exit was 23 minutes, from which the cosmonaut outside the ship stayed 12 minutes. During his stay in the open space, his skater swallows and prevented the return back to the ship. Log in the astronaut succeeded only after Leonov was laid out of the surrounding pressure, while he climbed the head in front of his head, and not his feet, as was supposed to be instructed.

4. The first on the lunar surface stepped American astronaut Neil Armstrong July 21, 1969 at 2 hours 56 minutes in Greenwich. 15 minutes later he joined him Edwin Oldrin. In total, the astronauts spent two and a half hours.

5. By the number of outputs into open space, the world record belongs russian cosmonaut Anatoly Soloviev. He made 16 outputs with a total duration of more than 78 hours. Solovyov's total raid in space amounted to 651 days.

6. The youngest cosmonaut is German TitovAt the time of the flight he was 25 years old. In addition, Titov is also the second Soviet astronaut in space and the first person who have committed a long (more than a day) space flight. Flying duration 1 day 1 hour Cosmonaut made from 6 to 7 August 1961.

7. The oldest cosmonaut who committed a space flight is considered to be American John Glenn. He was 77 years old when he participated in flight on the ship "Discovery STS-95" in October 1998. In addition, Glenn set a kind of unique record - a break between the flights to space from him was 36 years old (for the first time he was in space in 1962).

8. American astronauts spent the longest on the moon Eugene Sernan and Harrison Schmit As part of the crew "Apollo 17" in 1972. Total cosmonauts were on the surface of the earth satellite 75 hours. During this time, they made three outlets on the lunar surface with a total duration of 22 hours. They were the last, who visited the moon, and, according to some data, left a small disk on the moon with the inscription "Here the person completed the first stage of the development of the Moon, December 1972."

9. The first cosmic tourist was the American Multimillioner Dennis Titowho went to space on April 28, 2001. At the same time, a Japanese journalist is considered the first tourist. Tyokhiro AkiyamaFor whose flight in December 1990, the Tokyo television company paid. In general, a space tourist cannot be considered a person whose flight has paid for any organization.

10. The first cosmonaut of Great Britain has become a woman - Helena Sharnur (Helen Sharman), which went to flight on May 18, 1991 as part of the crew "Union TM-12". It is considered the only astronaut who flew into space as an official representative of Great Britain, everyone else had in addition to the British citizenship of another country. Interestingly, before becoming a cosmonaut, Sharn worked as a chemical-technologist at a confectionery factory and responded to appeal competitive selection Space flight participants in 1989. Of the 13,000 participants chose it precisely, after which it began training in the stellar town near Moscow.