The Leningrad Oblast Komzdrav is checking the chief forensic scientist of the Leningrad region, Lebedev. Military prosecutors and investigators of Bastrykin also studied dubious documents allowing him to occupy this position. It looks like this story is about mutual help.

On October 9, the Health Committee of the Government of the Leningrad Region told our publication that it was conducting an inspection against the head of the state government health institution of the Leningrad Region, the Bureau of Forensic Medical Examination, Vasily Lebedev. According to 47news, the inspection echoed a whole series of prosecutorial and investigative investigations in terms of obtaining the highest qualification category for Lebedev in the specialty "forensic medical examination" in the certification commission Military Medical Academy Petersburg and Lebedev received a certificate of advanced training in the First St. medical university named after academician I.P. Pavlov.

According to 47news, every year from 10 to 12 thousand deaths pass through the bureau of forensic medical examination of the Leningrad region. Figures are also known for some of the regional offices of the bureau. Thus, 600-800 people pass through the Toksovo morgue of the Vsevolozhsky district a year. There are about 1000 people through the morgue of Kirovsk. Through the Gatchina - 1000 - 1200, and through the Vsevolozhsky - 800-1000 people. Lebedev took over as bureau chief in December 2012.

Interesting order

The ferment around the chief forensic scientist of the Leningrad region Lebedev began in February this year after publications in the media about two controversial orders signed by him. The first, dated March 2014, prohibits sending a deceased citizen anywhere other than to the morgue at the place of death. The second, dated October 2014, orders the release of bodies only to close relatives. Other representatives, such as funeral companies, need to go through a verification procedure. Both orders were interpreted by market participants and relatives of the victims as corruption-intensive.

A couple of months later, the head of the health care committee, Sergei Vylegzhanin, on April 21 of this year, signed an order to dismiss Lebedev under Article 278 Labor Code... Its wording is vague: "additional grounds for terminating the employment contract with the head of the organization." In the order, Lebedev is supposed to pay compensation in the amount of three times the average monthly salary. According to 47news, this is at least 180 thousand rubles, excluding allowances. They say that at that time Lebedev was on sick leave.

But already on May 5, Lebedev returned to work. It is believed that the order of dismissal was withdrawn after some meetings of "high-ranking" with no less "high-ranking". When we officially asked the head of the Leningrad Oblast Committee of Health, Sergei Vylegzhanin, about the background of the "dismissal - restoration" process, he referred to "non-disclosure of personal data." This answer is dated October 9th. In the process of preparing the publication, on October 10, Sergei Valentinovich confirmed his position in a telephone conversation. "You understand, this is personal data," he answered us to a question from the series "what was this unsuccessful dismissal."

Prosecutorial interest

The figure of Vasily Lebedev previously interested prosecutors Military Prosecutor's Office St. Petersburg garrison. She supervises, in particular, the Military Medical Academy named after S.M. Kirov. It was there that Lebedev allegedly received a certificate of awarding him the highest qualification category in the specialty "forensic medical examination".

If we set aside the very fact of having a regalia, then pragmatically, getting the highest category gives a tangible increase to the salary. Based on the data received at the forensic medical examination bureau, we made an approximate arithmetic calculation of the monetization of the document received by Lebedev.

We took as a basis the estimated official salary of the head of the bureau in the amount of at least 60 thousand rubles. The supplement for the highest qualification category is 30% of the official salary plus an additional payment of 30% of a quarter of the rate of an expert in the organizational and methodological department of the bureau (about 16 thousand rubles). It turns out at least 20 thousand per month. Lebedev has been in office since the end of December 2012, that is, for about 33 months. Thus, the total amount of allowances was approximately 660 thousand rubles.

The result of the work of military prosecutors, in unambiguity, could rival the verdict. So, on June 11 of this year, the deputy military prosecutor of the St. Petersburg garrison, Baryshev, said that during the verification measures it was established that Lebedev had not been certified to be awarded the highest qualification category. Here we will quote: "An extract from the order of the head of the Military Medical Academy (Military Medical Academy - ed.) On assigning this category to him (VN Lebedev) was not issued, the order number does not correspond to the valid one, and the secretary's signature is not at all genuine." At the end of the document, a disappointing summary: "The above is reported to conduct a check against VN Lebedev on the fact of a possible forgery by VN Lebedev of documents granting him the highest qualification category in the specialty of" forensic medical examination. " 327 CC ("forgery, production or sale of forged documents, state awards, stamps, seals, forms ").

The temperature was raised by the answer of Nikolai Ryzhman, deputy chief of the Military Medical Academy for clinical work: "Vasily Nikolayevich Lebedev did not pass certification for the highest qualification category in the specialty" forensic medical examination "in the certification commission of the Military Medical Academy."

True, according to 47news, this part of the story ended well for Vasily Lebedev. It's just that the statute of limitations for attracting "for forging documents" has already passed, and the question of the premiums received on a dubious document remained open.

Investigative interest

Meanwhile, the Investigative Department of the Investigative Committee for the Petrogradsky District of St. Petersburg entered a new turn in history. On July 7, the head of the department, Alexander Skibenko, said that there are obvious doubts about the legality of Lebedev obtaining a certificate of advanced training under number 3873, issued to him on November 28, 2012 by GOU VPO St. Academician Pavlov. The training course according to the Pavlov Academy took place from November 1 to November 30, 2012.

Here is an important remark: this certificate is a prerequisite for taking the position of head of the Bureau of Forensic Medicine. Recall that the competition for this position was held at the end of 2012. After that, Lebedev headed the Leningrad Region Forensic Bureau.

The Investigative Committee reported on a new episode with touches of forgery: "The actions of unidentified persons in the State Educational Institution of Higher Professional Education of St. Petersburg State Medical University named after Academician Pavlov show signs of crimes provided for in Part 1 of Article 285 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation (" the use of his official powers by an official against the interests of the service ") and Part 1 of Article 327 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation ("forgery of a certificate or other official document").

After a short pause, the investigation dramatically changed the opinion about the qualifications of the actions of the Pavlov Academy employees. It turned out that investigator Dmitry Kadomtsev interviewed Teaching Staff, then formed for the course for obtaining a certificate of advanced training, which Lebedev allegedly passed. Orazmurat Yagmurov, the head of the department of forensic medicine at the Pavlov Academy, the associate professors of the same department Gorshkov and Petrov, as well as the head of the department of pathological anatomy Margarita Rybakova, came to the investigator's field of vision. The secretary of the qualification exam held on November 28, 2012, Stepanova, was also interviewed. All respondents said that Lebedev was present in the classroom and at the exam. The only one who remained silent was Lebedev himself. “During the inspection, it was not possible to interrogate VN Lebedev, since the latter did not appear in connection with his leave and business trip to give explanations to the investigating authority,” investigator Kadomtsev wrote in his refusal to initiate a criminal case.

Curious mystery

In continuation of the conversation with the chairman of the Leningrad Oblast Committee of Health, we heard from Sergei Vylegzhanin that the check on the fact of investigative actions against Vasily Lebedev would last a month. “I don’t remember when it started, but the work is in progress,” Vylegzhanin assured us.

47news prepared a series of questions for Vasily Lebedev, in the answers to which he could express his position. But he answered our phone call succinctly: "I am forbidden to communicate with you."

From our point of view, history is interesting, but not for officials.

Date of birth 04.11.1959.

In 1992 he graduated from the Sverdlovsk Order of the Red Banner of Labor Law Institute. R.A. Rudenko. Qualification: lawyer specializing in jurisprudence.

From 08.1979 to 01. 1984 he worked as a cold metal cutter in the sheet-rolling shop No. 5 of the Magnitogorsk Metallurgical Combine.

From 02.1984 to 12.1988 he worked in a separate battalion of the patrol and guard service in the city of Magnitogorsk as a policeman.

From 12.1988 to 05.1992, he worked as an investigator in the SB of the Leninsky District Department of Internal Affairs in Magnitogorsk.

From 05.1992 to 12.1992 he worked as a senior investigator in the SB of the Leninsky District Department of Internal Affairs of the city of Magnitogorsk.

From 12.1992 to 08.2003, judge of the Leninsky District Court of Magnitogorsk.

From 08.2003 to 26.04.2011 Deputy Chairman of the Leninsky District Court of Magnitogorsk.

On April 19, 2011 by the Decree of the President of the Russian Federation No. 466 "On the appointment of judges of district courts" he was appointed chairman of the Pravoberezhny District Court of Magnitogorsk for a 6-year term of office.

By order of the USD in Chelyabinsk region No. 137- l / s dated 26.04.2011. enrolled in the court staff from 04/27/2011.

By the decision of the qualification board of judges of the Chelyabinsk region, the fifth qualification class was awarded.

date last pass advanced training - October 2008, Russian academy justice Moscow.

The Qualification Collegium of Judges of the Chelyabinsk Region satisfied the application for the termination of powers under sub. 1 p. 1 of Art. 14 of the Law of the Russian Federation "On the Status of Judges in the Russian Federation", Chairman, Judge of the Pravoberezhny District Court of Magnitogorsk, Chelyabinsk Region, V.I. Lebedev. from January 27, 2017.

Egor Vetrov

The Chairman of the Supreme Court of the Russian Federation is imposed on para-judicial corrupt officials and "protects" the authorities

Could the Zirinov case be “ruined”?

The end of the trial over the “godfather of Anapa”, United Russia deputy Sergei Zirinov, may lead to a scandal involving the chairman of the Supreme Court, Vyacheslav Lebedev. After all, according to rumors, Lebedev can provide his patronage to Zirinov.

After the death of the leader of the "Kushchevskaya OPG" Sergei Tsapok in the Krasnodar Territory, the trial of the so-called "leader of the Anapskaya OPG", deputy of the legislative assembly of the Krasnodar Territory, Sergei Zirinov, who is accused of organizing contract killings, continues.

Recall that Zirinov was arrested on February 22, 2013 after an attempt on the life of Anapa's mate Nikolai Nesterenko took place, as a result of which Nesterenko was wounded, and his driver Viktor Zhuk was killed. Together with Zirinov, his driver, nicknamed Chemist, and the head of the Zirinovskaya guard, a former employee of the special services, Andrei Miroshnikov, were arrested. Then other members of the organized criminal group were arrested.

After it became known on June 11, 2014 that the killer Dmitry Sapozhnikov was convicted, who told about his participation in the gang of United Russia deputy Zirinov, experts decided that the case of the leader of the organized criminal group could also reach the court.

But, as it turned out, instead of starting the trial in the case of the leader of the “Anapskaya organized criminal group”, Zirinov was left in the Kuban to get acquainted with the case materials. On July 4, 2014, the head of the regional investigation department of the RF IC Vadim Bugaenko told about this. After the dragging out of the trial over the "godfather of Anapa" became obvious to the public of the Krasnodar Territory, rumors appeared in the Kuban that they wanted to ruin the "Zirinov case".

"The Godfather of Anapa" is being defended by the Chairman of the Supreme Council Vyacheslav Lebedev?

Unfortunately, the "collapse" of the Zirinov case seems very real, since it was initially said that the trial would be quick, and the trial of the head of the "Anapa organized criminal group" could generally take place in Moscow in order to avoid influence on the judicial community of the Kuban by local "authority figures." ". However, Zirinov was not only left in the Krasnodar Territory, but has not yet been convicted.

Sergey Zirinov

But why, while the organizers of the "Kushchevskaya OPG" have long been convicted, the alleged leader of the "Anapskaya OPG" is still studying the case materials and is clearly in no hurry to join the dock? But according to rumors, Mr. Zirinov has a very influential patron in the Russian judicial system.

For example, according to the information of the Yabloko party, the main support and guarantee of the unlimited possibilities of Deputy Zirinov was his close friendly and business ties with the Chairman of the Supreme Court of the Russian Federation Vyacheslav Lebedev. (archive link)

Vyacheslav Lebedev

According to the testimony of the Anapchan people, Lebedev is related to the elite complex "beach-hotel" Yacht club "Golden Bay", built on the Black Sea coast and controlled by Zirinov.

With whom do Lebedev and Voloshin rest in Sochi?

Moreover, according to the press, the procedural actions against Zirinov are already becoming more complicated due to his acquaintance with the Chairman of the Supreme Court of the Russian Federation Vyacheslav Lebedev. According to some reports, Vyacheslav Lebedev is resting at the Zolotaya Bukhta hotel, which is "supervised" by Sergei Zirinov. The media claim that during the visit of the Chief Justice of the Supreme Court, the beach of the "Golden Bay" is taken under protection and blocked.

In the photo: Chairman of the Supreme Court of the Russian Federation Vyacheslav Lebedev with his wife, Judge Dmitry Novikov (before his stay in the FSB pre-trial detention center), Head of the Moscow Regional Court Vasily Voloshin. That's so gorgeousMr. Lebedev is resting in Sochi

But other judges have repeatedly spoken about Lebedev's addiction to rest in Sochi. For example, together with the head of the Moscow Regional Court Vasily Voloshin, the infamous judge Dmitry Novikov, who was suspected of land fraud and even visited the FSB pre-trial detention center, rode him in a boat in Sochi.

However, despite all the arguments of the FSB, testifying to the illegality of real estate fraud, Mr. Novikov was still reinstated as a judge, and the Moscow City Court even refused to arrest him. But Alexander Bastrykin, the chairman of the Investigative Committee of Russia, personally petitioned for the arrest of Novikov.

In addition, they say, from Vasily Mikhailovich, the informal vertical stretches directly to the Deputy Chairman of the RF Armed Forces, Chairman of the Judicial Collegium for Civil Cases Vasily Nechaev.

So, it seems that Mr. Lebedev has created a real mutual guarantee within the judicial system of the Russian Federation, which means that while he is in charge of the Supreme Court, the situation will not improve in any way ...

As indicated by the publication, the text “is literally reprinted from the article by Yegor Vetrov“ Judicial “behind the scenes” of Vyacheslav Lebedev? ”, Published on July 25, 2014 in the“ Blog of an independent journalist ”at

The Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of the Russian Federation is imposed on para-judicial corrupt officials and "protects" the authorities

Alexander Gelogaev

Could the Zirinov case be "ruined"?

The end of the trial over the "godfather of Anapa" by the United Russia deputy Sergei Zirinov may lead to a scandal related to the chairman of the Supreme Court Vyacheslav Lebedev... After all, according to rumors, Lebedev can provide his patronage to Zirinov.

After the death of the leader of the "Kushchevskaya OPG" Sergei Tsapok in the Krasnodar Territory, the trial of the so-called "leader of the Anapskaya OPG", deputy of the legislative assembly of the Krasnodar Territory, Sergei Zirinov, who is accused of organizing contract killings, continues.

Recall that Zirinov was arrested on February 22, 2013 after an attempt on the life of Anapa's mate Nikolai Nesterenko took place, as a result of which Nesterenko was wounded, and his driver Viktor Zhuk was killed. Together with Zirinov, his driver, nicknamed Chemist, and the head of the Zirinovskaya guard, a former employee of the special services, Andrei Miroshnikov, were arrested. Then other members of the organized criminal group were arrested.

After it became known on June 11, 2014 that the killer Dmitry Sapozhnikov was convicted, who told about his participation in the gang of United Russia deputy Zirinov, experts decided that the case of the leader of the organized criminal group could also reach the court.

But, as it turned out, instead of starting the trial in the case of the leader of the “Anapskaya organized criminal group”, Zirinov was left in the Kuban to get acquainted with the case materials. On July 4, 2014, the head of the regional investigation department of the RF IC Vadim Bugaenko told about this. After the dragging out of the trial over the "godfather of Anapa" became obvious to the public of the Krasnodar Territory, rumors appeared in the Kuban that they wanted to ruin the "Zirinov case".

"The Godfather of Anapa" is being defended by the Chairman of the Supreme Council Vyacheslav Lebedev?

Unfortunately, the "collapse" of the Zirinov case seems very real, since it was initially said that the trial would be fast, and the trial of the head of the "Anapa organized criminal group" could generally take place in Moscow in order to avoid influence on the judicial community of the Kuban by local "authority figures. ". However, Zirinov was not only left in the Krasnodar Territory, but has not yet been convicted.

Sergey Zirinov

But why, while the organizers of the "Kushchevskaya OPG" have long been convicted, the alleged leader of the "Anapskaya OPG" is still studying the case materials and is clearly in no hurry to join the dock? But according to rumors, Mr. Zirinov has a very influential patron in the Russian judicial system.

For example, according to the information of the Yabloko party, the main support and guarantee of the unlimited possibilities of Deputy Zirinov were his close friendly and business ties with the Chairman of the Supreme Court of the Russian Federation Vyacheslav Lebedev. (archive link)

According to the testimony of the Anapchan people, Lebedev is related to the Zolotaya Bukhta Yacht Club, an elite beach-hotel complex built on the Black Sea coast and controlled by Zirinov.

With whom do Lebedev and Voloshin rest in Sochi?

Moreover, as the press writes, the procedural actions against Zirinov are already becoming more complicated due to his acquaintance with the Chairman of the Supreme Court of the Russian Federation, Vyacheslav Lebedev. According to some reports, Vyacheslav Lebedev is resting at the Zolotaya Bukhta hotel, which is "supervised" by Sergei Zirinov. The media claim that during the visit of the Chief Justice of the Supreme Court, the beach of the "Golden Bay" is taken under protection and blocked.

But other judges have repeatedly spoken about Lebedev's addiction to rest in Sochi. For example, together with the head of the Moscow Regional Court Vasily Voloshin, a notorious judge rode him in a boat in Sochi Dmitry Novikov suspected of land fraud and even a visit to the FSB pre-trial detention center.

However, despite all the arguments of the FSB, testifying to the illegality of real estate fraud, Mr. Novikov was still reinstated as a judge, and the Moscow City Court even refused to arrest him. But Alexander Bastrykin, chairman of the Investigative Committee of Russia, personally petitioned for the arrest of Novikov.

Moreover, Dmitry Novikov even claimed a seat in the united Supreme Court, and almost became the main competitor. Olga Egorova in the struggle for the post of head of the Moscow City Court.

Obviously, Mr. Novikov “dashed off” Lebedev and Voloshin on a boat in Sochi so well that he was able to come close to the referees' leadership!

"Unsinkable" Nechaev?

However, all the other friends of Lebedev are amazingly lucky, and not only Novikov, Egorova, Voloshin, etc. Take, for example, the deputy chairman of the Supreme Court Vasily Nechaeva, whose candidacy for the election of judges of the united Supreme Court was recently approved by a special qualifications collegium (CCM).

Indeed, on May 19, 2014 it became known that the Special Qualification Collegium of Judges appointed Vasily Nechaev as the chairman of the judicial collegium for civil cases of the new Supreme Court. He was the only contender for this place. That is, in fact, Lebedev, using his influence on the judicial community, took and "put" Nechaev on the post of head of the judicial collegium for civil cases of the Supreme Court.

But why is Lebedev so helpful to Nechaev? Rumor has it that Nechaev not only maintains long-term friendly ties with the Chairman of the Supreme Council, but also created a real "tandem" with the State Duma deputy and the founder of the law firm "YUST" Vladimir Pligin with a reputation as a "fixer".

Rumor has it that Pligin and Nechaev provided whole line services to the head of Sberbank German Gref, as well as were involved in the process of "weaning" of land during the implementation of projects for the construction of cottage settlements in Barvikha near Moscow - near the village of Zhukovka.

Is Voloshin also in business?

In particular, I recall the story when in 2012 the developers decided to "free up" a little land for themselves in Zhukovka. in an original way... At first, they wanted to "simply" cool these lands from the owners.

But "just like that" in the leadership of the Russian judicial system - nothing is done! So initially the Odintsovo court and the Moscow Regional Court gave the plaintiffs a “turn from the gate” (they did not satisfy their demands). Then the developers, according to rumors, went to Nechaev (obviously, a good "skid" followed), and the Moscow Region courts changed their point of view.

As a result, the land owners lost part of their plots in the best traditions of the good old dispossession and received a ridiculous sum for the lost - 5 thousand rubles a year. Here is such a "legal raiding".

But what is the secret of such influence of Nechaev on the courts near Moscow ?! And the fact is that, according to rumors, the chairman of the Moscow Regional Court Vasily Voloshin and the chairman of the Odintsovo City Court Vyacheslav Panteleev are successfully cooperating with Vasily Nechaev. So. it seems that all "kickbacks" and "drifts" in the "Barvikha affairs" are successfully divided into three!

Mr. Voloshin generally lives "in a big way" - for example, he travels to Ghana (Africa) at budget expense to participate in a meeting in the bar association in the city of Ho.

It is difficult to say that Voloshin forgot in Ho, but Ghana is known for the excellent organization of safari for wealthy lords for elephants and lions! Rumor has it that participation in the safari was the main purpose of the visit of the chairman of the Moscow Regional Court to Africa. Of course, this is only a version so far, but it is quite convincing!

Top of the pyramid

However, who allows Voloshin to "rule" the judicial system of the Moscow Region for so long and take part in the "division" of the expensive lands of the Odintsovo district? !!

Rumor has it that the very dubious decisions of the Odintsovo City Court and the Moscow Regional Court are covered by the head of the Department public service and personnel Federal Service bailiffs (FSSP) Viktor Khristenko and Deputy Director of the FSSP Tatyana Ignatieva.

Voloshin himself often states that openly controversial acts are taken by him after orders from above - from the Armed Forces, and the Presidential Administration of the Russian Federation allegedly sends orders there. According to rumors, from the adviser to the head of the Armed Forces Igor Borisenko, nicknamed "Reshala", is also lobbying for Voloshin's interests.

In addition, they say, from Vasily Mikhailovich, the informal vertical stretches directly to the Deputy Chairman of the RF Armed Forces, Chairman of the Judicial Collegium for Civil Cases Vasily Nechaev.

So, it seems that Mr. Lebedev has created a real mutual guarantee within the judicial system of the Russian Federation, which means that while he is in charge of the Supreme Court, the situation will not improve in any way ...

Do you think you are Russian? Born in the USSR and think that you are Russian, Ukrainian, Belarusian? No. This is not true.

You are actually Russian, Ukrainian or Belarusian. But you think you are a Jew.

Game? Wrong word. The correct word is "imprinting".

The newborn associates himself with those facial features that he observes immediately after birth. This natural mechanism is inherent in most living creatures with vision.

For the first few days, newborns in the USSR saw their mother for a minimum of feeding time, and most of the time they saw the faces of the hospital staff. By a strange coincidence, they were (and still are) mostly Jewish. The reception is wild in its essence and effectiveness.

All your childhood you wondered why you live surrounded by non-native people. Rare Jews on your way could do anything with you, because you were drawn to them, and others were repelled. And even now they can.

You cannot fix this - imprinting is one-time and for life. It is difficult to understand this, the instinct took shape when you were still very far from the ability to formulate. Since that moment, no words or details have survived. Only facial features remained in the depths of my memory. Those traits that you consider to be your own.

3 comments

System and Observer

Let's define a system as an object, the existence of which is beyond doubt.

An observer of a system is an object that is not part of the system he observes, that is, it determines its existence, including through factors independent of the system.

From the point of view of the system, the observer is a source of chaos - both control actions and the consequences of observational measurements that do not have a causal relationship with the system.

An internal observer is a potentially achievable object for the system in relation to which inversion of observation and control channels is possible.

An external observer is even a potentially unreachable object for the system, located beyond the event horizon of the system (spatial and temporal).

Hypothesis No. 1. All-seeing eye

Let's assume that our universe is a system and it has an external observer. Then observational measurements can occur, for example, with the help of "gravitational radiation" penetrating the universe from all sides from the outside. The capture cross-section of "gravitational radiation" is proportional to the mass of the object, and the projection of the "shadow" from this capture onto another object is perceived as an attractive force. It will be proportional to the product of the masses of objects and inversely proportional to the distance between them, which determines the density of the "shadow".

The capture of "gravitational radiation" by an object increases its chaos and is perceived by us as the passage of time. The object is opaque for "gravitational radiation", the capture cross section of which is greater geometric size, inside the universe looks like a black hole.

Hypothesis No. 2. Internal observer

It is possible that our universe is observing itself. For example, with the help of pairs of quantum entangled particles spaced apart in space as standards. Then the space between them is saturated with the probability of the existence of the process that generated these particles, reaching the maximum density at the intersection of the trajectories of these particles. The existence of these particles also means that there is no sufficiently large capture cross section on the trajectories of objects to absorb these particles. The rest of the assumptions remain the same as for the first hypothesis, except:

Time flow

Outside observation of an object approaching the event horizon of a black hole, if the “external observer” is the determining factor of time in the universe, will slow down exactly twice - the black hole's shadow will block exactly half of the possible trajectories of “gravitational radiation”. If the “inner observer” is the determining factor, then the shadow will block the entire trajectory of interaction and the flow of time for an object falling into a black hole will completely stop for a view from the side.

Also, the possibility of combining these hypotheses in one proportion or another is not excluded.