The daily path of the sun. Every day, rising from the horizon in the eastern side of the sky, the sun passes through the sky and is hiding again in the West. For residents of the northern hemisphere, this movement occurs from left to right, for the South - right to left. At noon, the sun reaches the greatest height, or, as Astronomers say, cultures. Noon is the upper climax, and it also happens the bottom - at midnight. In our mid-latitudes, the lower climax of the sun is not visible, as it occurs under the horizon. But for the polar circle, where the sun sometimes does not enter the summer, you can observe the upper and lower climax. On the geographical pole, the daily path of the Sun is almost parallel to the horizon. Appearing on the day of the spring equinox, the sun rises all above and above, while describing circles above the horizon. On the day of summer solstice, it reaches a maximum height (23,5?).

The next quarter of the year, until the autumn equinox, the sun goes down. This is a polar day. Then the polar night comes half a year. In medium latitudes throughout the year, the visible daily path of the Sun is reduced, it increases. The smallest it turns out to be on the day of the winter solstice, the greatest - on the day of the summer solstice. In the days of equinoxy, the Sun is in the heavenly equator. At the same time, it goes back at the point of the East and comes at the West point. In the period from the spring equinox to the summer solstice, the sunrise place is slightly shifted from the point of sunrise to the left, north. And the location is removed from the point of the West to the right, although too north. On the day of the summer solstice, the sun appears in the northeast, and at noon it cultures at the maximum height per year. Sun comes in northwest. Then the places of sunrise and navigate are shifted back to the south. On the day of the winter solstice, the sun rises in the southeast, crosses the heavenly meridian at the minimum height and comes in the south-west. It should be borne in mind that due to refraction (that is, the refraction of light rays in the earth's atmosphere) the visible height of the shine is always more true. Therefore, the sunrise takes place earlier, and the occasion is later than it would be in the absence of an atmosphere. So, the daily path of the sun is a small circle of heaven sphere, parallel to the celestial equator. At the same time, during the year, the Sun moves relative to the heavenly equator to the north, then to the south. The day and night of its way of unequal. They are equal only in the days of equinox, when the sun is in the heavenly equator.

The annual way of the Sun expression "The Way of Sun Among Stars" will seem strange to someone. After all, the day of the stars is not visible. Therefore, it is not easy to see that the sun is slow, about 1? During the day, moving among the stars to the right left. But you can trace how the star sky is changing during the year. All this is a consequence of the appeal of the Earth around the Sun. The path of visible annual movement of the sun on the background of the stars is referred to as Ecliptic (from the Greek "Eclipse" - "Eclipse"), and the period of turnover by ecliptic - the Starry Year. It is equal to 265 days 6 o'clock 9 minutes 10 seconds, or 365, 2564 average sunny day. Eclipstik and heavenly equator intersect at an angle of 23? 26 "at points of spring and autumn equinox. In the first of these points, the sun usually happens on March 21, when it goes from southern Hemisphere Sky to the North. In the second - September 23, when moving their northern hemisphere to the southern one. In the most distant to the north-point Ecliptic, the sun is June 22 (summer solstice), and to the south - December 22 (winter solstice). IN leap year These dates are shifted for one day. Of the four points of the ecliptic, the main point is the point of spring equinox. It is from her that one of the heavenly coordinates is counted - direct climbing. It also serves to refer to the star time and tropical year - the time interval between the two consecutive passages of the center of the Sun through the spring equinox. The tropical year determines the change of seasons on our planet. Since the spring equinox point slowly moves among the stars as a result of the precession of the earth's axis, the duration of the tropical year is less than the length of the star. It is 365,2422 medium sunny day. About 2 thousand years ago, when Hipparh made his star catalog (the first ending with the whole), the point of spring equinox was in the constellation of Aries. To our time, she moved almost 30?, In the constellation of fish, and the point of autumn equinox - from the constellation of scales in the constellation of the Virgin.

But according to the tradition of the point of equinoxies, they are designated by the previous signs of the former "equinocal" constellations - Aries and scales. The same happened with the points of solstice: the summer in the constellation the Taurus is celebrated by the sign of cancer, and the winter in the constellation Sagittarius is a sign of Capricorn. Finally, the last, which is associated with the visible annual movement of the sun. Half of the ecliptic from the spring equinox to the autumn (from March 21 to September 23) the sun passes for 186 days. The second half, from the autumn equinox and the Spring, - for 179 days (180 in the leap year). But after all, the half of the ecliptic are equal: each 180?. Consequently, the sun moves by ecliptic unevenly. This unevenness is explained by changing the speed of the Earth's movement along the elliptical orbit around the Sun. The unevenness of the Sun movement by ecliptic leads to different times of the time of the year. For residents of the northern hemisphere, for example, spring and summer for six days longer than autumn and winter. The Earth on June 2-4 is located 5 million kilometers longer than January 2-3, and moves in its orbit slower in accordance with the second law of Kepler. In summer, the Earth receives less heat from the Sun, but the summer in the northern hemisphere is longer than winter. Therefore, in the northern hemisphere of the earth, warmer than in South.

Day as one of the main units of time measurement. Rotation of the Earth and the visible movement of the starry sky.

The main value for measuring time is associated with a period of full turnover of the globe around its axis.

Until recently, it was believed that the rotation of the Earth occurs completely evenly. However, now in this rotation, some unevenness were revealed, but they are so small that they do not matter to build a calendar.

Being on the surface of the earth and participating with her in her rotational motion, we do not feel it.

We judge the rotation of the globe around the axis only by the visible phenomena that are connected with it. The consequence of the daily rotation of the Earth is, for example, the visible movement of the heavenly campaign with all the luminais on it: stars, planets, sun, moon, etc.

Nowadays, to determine the duration of one turn of the globe, you can use the special telescope - the passage instrument, the optical axis of the pipe of which rotates strictly in one plane - the plane of the meridian of this place passing through the points of the south and the north. The crossing of the Meridian star is called the upper climax. The time interval between the two consecutive upper climax of the star is called starday.

A more accurate definition of the star day is: this is a period of time between two consecutive upper climax of the point of spring equinox. They are one of the basic units of time measurement, since their duration remains unchanged. Star days are divided into 24 star hours, every hour - by 60 star minutes, every minute - by 60 star seconds.

Star clock, minutes and seconds are counted on the star clocks, which are available in every astronomical observatory and always show the starry time. To use in everyday life with such clocks is inconvenient, since the same starry hour for the year falls at different times of the sunny day. The life of nature, and with it all the vital activity of people is not connected with the movement of stars, but with the change of day and night, that is, with the daily movement of the sun. Therefore, in everyday life, we use not starring time, and solar. The concept of solar time is much more difficult than the concept of starry time. First of all, we must clearly imagine the visible movement of the sun.

Visible annual movement of the sun. Ecliptic.

Watching from the night to the night of the starry sky, it can be noted that all new and new stars are cultivated in every subsequent midnight. This is explained by the fact that due to the annual movement of the globe in orbit, the sun movement among the stars. It is performed in the same direction, in which the earth rotates, that is, from the west to the east.

The path of the visible movement of the sun among stars is called ecliptic . It represents a large circle on the celestial sphere, the plane of which is tilted to the plane of the celestial equator at an angle of 23 ° 27 "and intersects with the heavenly equator in two points. These are points of spring and autumn equinels. In the first of them, the sun is around March 21, when it happens It moves from the southern heavenly hemisphere to the north. At the second point it is around September 23, when it moves from the northern hemisphere to the southern. Zodiac constellations. Moving by ecliptic, the sun during the year is consistently moved among the following 12 constellations located along the ecliptic and the belt zodiac .

Visible movement of the Sun along Zodiacal constellations: fish, Aries, Taurus, Gemini, Cancer, Lion, Virgo, Scales, Scorpio, Sagittarius, Capricorn and Aquarius. (Strictly speaking, the Sun passes through the 13th constellation - a snakecass. This constellation would even be more correctly considered zodiacal than such a constellation as a scorpion in which the sun is less than a long time than in each of the rest of constellations.) These constellations These zodiacal name received their common name from the Greek word "ZON" - an animal, as many of them were still named in ancient times by animal names. In each of the zodiac constellations the sun happens on average for about a month. Therefore, in ancient times, every month corresponds to a certain zodiac sign. March, for example, was indicated by the Aries sign, since in this constellation about two thousand years ago there was a point of spring equinox and, therefore, the sun in March was held this constellation. When the Earth moves through its orbit and go out of position III (March) to position IV (April), then the Sun will go from the Constellation of Aries in the Constellation of the Taurus, and when the Earth will be in position V (May), then the Sun from the Constellation of the Taurus will move to the constellation Twins, etc.

The movement of the North Pole of the world among the stars in 26,000 years.

However, the point of spring equinox does not preserve the unchanged position in the heavenly sphere. Her movement, open in II century. BC e. Greek scientist Hippuch, got the name of the precession, i.e. presented the equinox. It is caused by the following reason. The earth has a shape not a ball, but a spheroid, fightened by the poles. At different parts of the spheroidal land, the strengths of attraction from the Sun and the Moon are acting. These forces lead to the fact that with the simultaneous rotation of the Earth and move it around the Sun axis of rotation of the Earth describes the cone near the perpendicular to the orbit plane. As a result, the Poles of the world move among the stars for a small circle with the center in the Ecliptic Pole, being from it at a distance of about 231/2 °. Due to the precession, the point of spring equinox moves along the ecliptic to the west, that is, towards the visible movement of the sun, by 50 ", 3 per year. Therefore, it will make it about 26,000 years old. For the same reason, the North Pole of the world, located in Our time near the polar star, 4000 years ago was near the dragon, and in 12,000 years it will be near the veins (A Lira).

Sunny day and sunny time.

True sunny day. If you do not watch the stars using the passage tool, and the sun and daily celebrate the time of passing the center of the solar disk through the meridian, i.e. the moment of its upper climax, then it can be found that the period of time between the two upper climax of the center of the solar disk, which is called true sunny For days, it always turns out to be longer than the old days on average for 3 minutes. 56 seconds, or approximately 4 minutes. This comes from the fact that the Earth, turning around the Sun, makes a full turn around him throughout the year, i.e. approximately 365 with a quarter of a day. Reflecting this movement of the Earth, the sun for one day moves about 1/365 of its annual path, or by the amount of about one degree, which corresponds to the four minutes of time. However, in contrast to the star day, the true sunny day periodically change their duration.

This is caused by two reasons: first, the inclination of the plane of the ecliptic to the plane of the celestial equator, secondly, the elliptical form of the Earth's orbit. When the Earth is located on the Ellipse plot located closer to the Sun, it moves faster; After six months, the land will be in the opposite part of the ellipse and will move in a slower orbit. The uneven movement of the Earth in its orbit causes an uneven visible movement of the Sun in heaven: at different times of the year the sun moves at different speeds. Therefore, the duration of true sunny day is constantly changing. So, for example, on December 23, when the true day is the longest, they are 51 seconds. more than September 16, when they are shorter. Middle sunny day. Due to the unevenness of true sunny day, use them as a unit for measuring time is inconvenient. It was well known about three hundred years ago, Parisian watchmakers were well thought, when they wrote to her shop herb: "The sun shows the time deceptively."

All our watches are wrist, wall, pocket and others - not adjusted by the movement of the true sun, but on the movement of an imaginary point, which during the year makes one full turn around the Earth for the same time as the sun, but moves at the heavenly Equator and absolutely evenly. This is called such a middle sun. The moment of the passage of the Middle Sun through the meridian is called middle afternoon, and the time interval between two consecutive average half days is medium-sided sunny days. Their duration is always the same. They are divided for 24 hours, every hour of average solar time in turn is divided by 60 minutes, and every minute - for 60 seconds of average sunny time. It is the average sunny day, and not the starful days are one of the main units of measurement of time based on a modern calendar. The difference between the average sunny time and the true time is called the equation of time.

Astronomical foundations of the calendar.

We know that the basis of any calendar is astronomical phenomena: the change of day and night, the change in the lunar phases and the change of seasons. These phenomena give three main time measurement units underlying any calendar system, namely: sunny, lunar month and a sunny year. Taking the average sunny day per magnitude constant, set the duration of the lunar month and sunny year. Throughout the history of astronomy, the duration of these time measurement units was specified all the time.

Synodic month.

The centered month is based on the lunar calendars - the time interval between the two sequential identical phases of the moon. Initially, as already known, it was determined at 30 days. Later it was found that in the lunar month 29.5 days. Currently, the average duration of the synodic month is taken equal to 29.530588 average sunny day, or 29 days 12 o'clock 44 minutes 2.8 seconds of average solar time.

Tropical year.

The gradual refinement of the duration of the solar year was extremely important. In the first calendar systems, the year contained 360 days. The ancient Egyptians and the Chinese about five thousand years ago identified the length of the solar year in 365 days, and in a few centuries BC, both in Egypt and in China, the duration of the year was set in 365,25. The current calendar is based on a tropical year - a period of time between two consecutive passage of the center of the Sun through the spring equinox.

The determination of the exact value of the value of the tropical year was engaged in such outstanding scientists, as P. Laplace (1749-1827) in 1802, F. Bessel (1784-1846) in 1828, P. Ganzen (1795-1874) in 1853 , W. Leverier (1811-1877) in 1858, and some others.

To determine the duration of the tropical year, S. Newcom proposed general formula: T \u003d\u003d 365,24219879 - 0.0000000614 (T - 1900), where T - sequence of the year.

In October 1960, the XI General Conference on measures and weighs took place in Paris, which adopted a single international system of units (SI) and approved a new definition of a second as a basic unit of time recommended by the IX Congress of the International Astronomical Union (Dublin, 1955) . In accordance with adopted decision The ephemeride second is defined as 1 / 31556925,9747 Part of the tropical year for the beginning of 1900, it is easy to determine the value of the tropical year: T \u003d\u003d - 365 days 5 hours. 48 min. 45,9747 sec. Or T \u003d 365,242199 day.

For calendar purposes, such high accuracy is not required. Therefore, it is somewhat rounded to the fifth decimal, we get T \u003d\u003d 365,24220. Such rounding the size of the tropical year gives an error in one day for 100,000 years. Therefore, the magnitude adopted by us may well be put on the basis of all calendar settlements. So, neither the synodic month nor the tropical year does not contain an integer number of average sunny day and, therefore, all these three magnitudes are incommensurable. This means that it is impossible to simply express one of these quantities across the other, that is, it is impossible to choose some integer number of solaries, which would contain an integer number of lunar months and an integer average sunny day. This explains the entire complexity of the calendar problem and the whole confusion, which for many millennia reigned in the question of the number of large periods of time.

Three clan calendars.

The desire to at least adopt a certain degree to some degree, the month and year led to the fact that three kinds of calendars were created in different epochs: solar based on the movement of the Sun, which were striving to agree on the day and year; Lunar (based on the movement of the moon) The purpose of which was the coordination of the day and the lunar month; Finally, moon-sun, in which attempts were made to agree on all three units of time.

Currently, almost all countries of the world enjoy a sun calendar. The lunar calendar played a big role in ancient religions. It has been preserved to date in some eastern countries professing Muslim religion. In it, these months have 29 and 30 days, and the number of days changes with such a calculation so that the first number of each next month coincides with the appearance of the "new month". The years of the lunar calendar contain alternately 354 and 355 days.

Thus, the lunar year is 10-12 days shorter than a sunny year. The lunarly solar calendar is used in the Jewish religion to calculate religious holidays, as well as in the state of Israel. It is distinguished by special complexity. The year in it contains 12 lunar months, consisting of 29, then out of 30 days, but for taking into account the movement of the Sun periodically, "leap years", containing the added, thirteenth month, are introduced periodically. Simple, i.e. twelve-month years, consist of 353, 354 or 355 days, and leap, i.e. thirteen months, have 383, 384 or 385 days. This achieves that the first number of each month almost exactly coincides with the new moon.

1 Annual Sun Movement and Ecliptic Coordinate System

The sun along with daily rotation slowly during the year moves along the heavenly sphere in the opposite direction by a large circle, is called ecliptic. Eclipe tilted to the celestial equator at an angle ƹ, the value of which is currently close to 23 26'. Ecliptic intersects with heavenly equator at the spring point ♈ (March 21) and autumn Ω (September 23) Equainnces. Ecliptic points, which are equal to 90, there are points of summer (June 22) and the Winter (December 22) solstice. The equatorial coordinates of the center of the solar disk are continuously changed during the year from 0H to 24 h (direct climbing) - the ecliptic longitude of υm is counted from the point of spring equinox to the latitude circle. And from 23 26' to -23 26' (declination) - Ecliptic latitude, is counted from 0 to +90 K north Pole and 0 to -90 to the southern pole. Zodiac constellations are called constellations that are on the ecliptic line. Located on the Ecliptic line 13 constellations: Aries, Taurus, Gemini, Cancer, Leo, Virgo, Scales, Scorpio, Sagittarius, Capricorn, Aquarius, Fish and Stemman. But the constellation of the snakes is not mentioned, although the sun is in it most of the time of the constellations of Sagittarius and Scorpion. Made it for convenience. When sunshine under the horizon at altitudes from 0 to -6 - last civilian twilight, and from -6 to -18 - Astronomical twilight.

2 Time Measurement

Measurement of time is based on the observations of the daily rotation of the arch and one-year movement of the Sun, i.e. Rotation of the Earth around its axis and on the circulation of the Earth around the Sun.

The duration of the main unit of time, called the day, depends on the chosen point in the sky. In astronomy, such points are accepted:

Spring equinox point ♈ ( starry);

The center of the visible disk of the sun ( true Sun., true sunny time);

- middle Sun - The fictitious point whose position in the sky can be calculated theoretically for any point in time ( average sunny time)

To measure long periods of time serves a tropical year based on the movement of the earth around the sun.

Tropical year - Time lapse, between two consecutive passing of the center of the true center of the Sun in the spring of the Spring Equinox. It contains 365,2422 medium sunny day.

Due to the slow motion of the point spring equinox towards the sun caused by precessiaRelatively stars the sun turns out to be at the same point of the sky through a period of 20 minutes. 24 sec. larger than the tropical year. It is called starry year And contains 365,2564 medium sunny day.

3 Star Time

The period of time between two consecutive climax of the point of spring equinox on the same geographic meridian is called starred Day.

Starry time is measured by an hour angle of the spring equinox: S \u003d T ♈, and equal to the sum of the direct climb and the hour angle of any star: S \u003d α + t.

Starry time at any time is equal to direct ascent of any shone plus its hour angle.

At the time of the upper climax, it has shone its time angle T \u003d 0, and S \u003d α.

4 True sunny time

The time interval between the two consecutive climax of the sun (center of the solar disk) on the same geographic meridian is called i am true sunny days.

For the beginning of true sunny day on this meridian, the moment of the lower climax of the sun is taken ( true midnight).

The time flowing from the lower climax of the Sun to any other position, expressed in the shares of true sunny day is called true sunny time T ʘ

True sunny time It is expressed in the hour angle of the sun, increased by 12 hours: T ʘ \u003d T ʘ + 12 H

5 average solar time

In order for the day to have a constant duration and have been associated with the movement of the Sun, the concepts of two fictitious points are introduced in astronomy:

The average ecliptic and average equatorial sun.

The average ecliptic sun (CP.Eklip.) is evenly moving along the ecliptic at an average rate.

The average equatorial sun is moving along the equator with a constant speed of the middle ecliptic sun and at the same time it passes the point of spring equinox.

The time interval between the two consecutive climax of the average equatorial sun on the same geographical meridian is called middle sunny days.

The time flowing from the lower culmination of the average equatorial sun to any other position, expressed in the shares of the average sunny day is called average sunny timeT. M..

Average sunny time T. M. At this meridian at any time, numerically equal to the hour angle of the Sun: T. M. \u003d T. M. + 12 H.

Average is different from the true one equations of Time: T. M.= T ʘ + N. .

6 Worldwide, Located and maternity time

Worldwide:

Local average sunny time Greenwich Meridian is called world or World Time T 0 .

Local average solar time of any item on Earth is determined by: T. M.\u003d T 0.+ λ H.

Explanatory time:

The time account is carried out on 24 major geographic meridian, located apart by a long time at 15 (or 1 hour) approximately in the middle of each time zone. Greenwich is considered the main zero meridian. Explanatory time is world time Plus time zone number: T n \u003d t 0+ N.

Maternity:

In Russia in practical life until March 2011, a decree washed:

T d \u003d t n+ 1 h.

The decoal time of the second time zone, in which Moscow is located, is called Moscow time. In the summer period (April-October), the clock arrows were transferred for an hour forward, and in the winter they returned one hour ago.

7 Refraction

The visible position of the shone above the horizon is different from the formulas calculated. Rays from the heavenly object before entering the eye of the observer, pass through the atmosphere of the Earth and refracted in it. And so the density increases to the surface of the earth, then the beam of light is increasingly deviating into the same side by the line curve, so the direction of OM 1, according to which the observer sees the luminaire, turns out to be rejected towards the zenith and does not coincide with the direction of OM 2, For which he saw the shine in the absence of an atmosphere.

Phenomenon of refraction of light rays when passing earthly atmosphere called astronomical refraction. Corner m 1 Ohm 2 called refraction angleor refraction ρ..

The angle of ZOM 1 is called the visible anti-aircraft range of the shining Z', and the angle of ZOM 2 is a true anti-aircraft distance z: z - z'\u003d ρ, i.e. The true distance has shone more visible by magnitude ρ.

On the horizon line refractionon average equal 35'.

Due to refraction, there are changes in the shape of the disks of the Sun and the Moon when they are rising or entering.

Modern scientific thought determines the zodiac as twelve constellations located in a strip of 18 degrees wide along the visible annual way of the Sun among the stars called the ecliptic, within which all the planets of the solar system are moving.
Thus, it does not distinguish between the natural zodiac, existing in the sky, and its astrological concept, which operate astrologers in their calculations.
On the first pages scientific Labors By astrology, you will find the following graphic images of the zodiac (Fig. 1-4).

Why you can twist the zodiac to the left and right and even "convert" it, no one explains. Unless, of course, not to take into account such explanations: right-sided zodiac - this is a tribute to the ancient traditions, to violate which cannot be; Left-sided is also tribute, but already achievements modern sciencewho has proven that not the sun revolves around the earth, but the earth - around the sun.
Further, after entering each zodiac sign and the planet, certain quality characteristics, you actually get the right to start an independent game in astrology, it is recommended that it is best to predict your own destiny. And in the course of the game, it is proposed to comply with some unwanted rules, the adoption and observance of which depends mainly from the taste of the playing, free enough to freely interpret these rules, to make their essential additions and amendments to it, since "the goal justifies the funds."

Therefore, if you collect on the grains together from different sources, the basic principles laid down in the concept of the zodiac will be the following, pretty pedestrian picture.
1. The visible annual way of the Sun among stars, or ecliptic, is a circle. That is, the movement of the sun around the earth is a cyclic process, and at least therefore an astrological zodiac should be round, not rectangular.
2. The zodiacal circle is divided into 12 equal parts According to the number of zodiac constellations, called in the same way, in the same sequence as natural: Aries, Taurus, Gemini, Cancer, Leo, Virgo, Scales, Scorpio, Sagittarius, Capricorn, Aquarius, Fish.
3. Each zodiacal sign has its own natural energy, the quality of which determines that group of stars or constellations, which is located in it.
4. Energy of each planet has its own specific natural color reflecting its individuality.
5. All processes occurring on Earth are caused by the planetary energy, it is necessary with it related, and their development has depends on the movement and mutual position of the planets relative to each other.
6. The original energetic energy of the planets and zodiac signs does not change over time.
7. Planet, passing by the signs of the zodiac, additionally "painted in the color" of the energy of that sign through which it passes. (The question of harmony and disharmony of this color we do not yet consider.) Therefore, the quality of energy coming from the planet to the Earth is constantly changing depending on which zodiacal sign it is at the moment.
8. For the beginning and end of the annual process of the Sun movement around the Earth, natural natural rhythm is accepted, namely: the point of spring equinox is equality of duration of the day and night on March 21. It is believed that at this moment the sun comes to the beginning of Aries, in his zero degree, from which the calculation of all planets on the zodiacal circle is being calculated during this year.

The equinox on Earth comes at the moment when the sun in its movement enters the point of intersection of ecliptic with heavenly equator. In turn, the position of the heavenly equator is due to the angle of inclination of the constantly precessing earth axis to the plane of the ecliptic. Consequently, the point of spring equinox is not stationary, but moving. And indeed, it moves by ecliptic at a speed of 1 ° 72 years. Currently, this point is not in the zero degree of Aries, but in the first degree of fish. Thus, it turns out that natural and astrological zodiac are completely different things, and the entire modern scientific astrological basis is spreading along the seams.
True, part of astrologers involved in karmic astrology, they believe that there are no contradictions here, and simply when building horoscopes it is necessary to make amendments to the coordinates of the planets, taking into account the precession, and then everything will be in place.
And even if the Aries will become fishes, twins by calves and so on, but it will not be considered a mistake, on the contrary, it will be a correction of the errors of those astrolories, which are still mistaken in their calculations.
In confirmation of their rightness, they lead the horoscopes of two famous figures of our time: Vladimir Lenin and Adolf Hitler, who were born by ordinary astrology, but, according to the inner conviction of the karmists, the calves, allegedly, do not do what they have done, and only the transformation They are in Aries make their acts clear, as twice two - four.
In order to deal with this scientific chaos and determine specific guidelines in it, we will use the keys already known to us and will reply first on the main question: why is modern scientific astrology suffer FIASO?
The thing is that modern astrologers, giving tribute to the achievements of modern science, and most importantly, in order not to be ill, mainly from the Heliocentric picture of the world, but in its theoretical reasoning practical work Use the achievements of ancient astrolories who were guided by the ideas of geocentrism. As a result of porridge.
We will be guided by the canons of the Universe, but we will design them on our planetary body. Therefore, for us, the Earth will become the center of the Universe, that is, that particular focal point in which we will consider the manifestation of these laws and their individual coloring.

Year of the Sun.

The expression "The Way of Sun Among Stars" will seem strange to someone. After all, the day of the stars is not visible. Therefore, it is not easy to note that the sun is slowly, about 1 in a day, moves among the stars to the right left. But you can trace how the star sky is changing during the year. All this is a consequence of the appeal of the Earth around the Sun.

The path of visible annual movement of the sun on the background of the stars is referred to as Ecliptic (from the Greek "Eclipse" - "Eclipse"), and the period of turnover by ecliptic - the Starry Year. It is equal to 265 days 6 o'clock 9 minutes 10 seconds, or 365, 2564 average sunny day.

Ecliptic and heavenly equator intersect at the angle of 23˚26 "at the points of spring and autumn equinox. In the first of these points, the Sun usually happens on March 21, when it moves from the southern hemisphere of the sky to the North. In the second - September 23, when moving their northern hemisphere In the south. In the most remote to the north-point Ecliptic, the sun is June 22 (summer solstice), and to the south - December 22 (winter solstice). In a leap year, these dates are shifted for one day.

Of the four points of the ecliptic, the main point is the point of spring equinox. It is from her that one of the heavenly coordinates is counted - direct climbing. It also serves to refer to the star time and tropical year - the time interval between the two consecutive passages of the center of the Sun through the spring equinox. The tropical year determines the change of seasons on our planet.

Since the spring equinox point slowly moves among the stars as a result of the precession of the earth's axis, the duration of the tropical year is less than the length of the star. It is 365,2422 medium sunny day.

About 2 thousand years ago, when Hipparh made his star catalog (the first ending with the whole), the point of spring equinox was in the constellation of Aries. To our time, she moved almost 30˚, in the constellation of fish, and the point of autumn equinox - from the constellation of scales in the constellation of the Virgin. But according to the tradition of the point of equinoxies, they are designated by the previous signs of the former "equinocal" constellations - Aries and scales. The same happened with the points of solstice: the summer in the constellation the Taurus is celebrated by the sign of cancer, and the winter in the constellation Sagittarius is a sign of Capricorn.

Finally, the last, which is associated with the visible annual movement of the sun. Half of the ecliptic from the spring equinox to the autumn (from March 21 to September 23) the sun passes for 186 days. The second half, from the autumn equinox and the Spring, - for 179 days (180 in the leap year). But after all, the half of the ecliptic is equal: each 180˚. Consequently, the sun moves by ecliptic unevenly. This unevenness is explained by changing the speed of the Earth's movement along the elliptical orbit around the Sun.

The unevenness of the Sun movement by ecliptic leads to different times of the time of the year. For residents of the northern hemisphere, for example, spring and summer for six days longer than autumn and winter. The Earth on June 2-4 is located 5 million kilometers longer than January 2-3, and moves in its orbit slower in accordance with the second law of Kepler. In summer, the Earth receives less heat from the Sun, but the summer in the northern hemisphere is longer than winter. Therefore, in the northern hemisphere of the earth, warmer than in South.

Solar eclipses

At the time of the lunar noving, a solar eclipse can occur - after all, it is in the new moon that the moon passes between the sun and the earth. Astronomers know in advance when and where the solar eclipse will be observed, and report it in astronomical calendars.

Earth got a single satellite, but what! The moon is 400 times less than the sun and just 400 times closer to the ground, so the sun and the moon in the sky seem to be the same sizes. So, with the full sunny eclipse, the moon flaps the bright surface of the Sun, leaving an open all the sunny atmosphere.

EXACTLY at the appointed hour and a minute through the dark glass can be seen how something black crashes on a bright Disk of the Sun, as a black hole appears on it. It gradually grows up until finally the solar circle takes the kind of narrow sickle. At the same time quickly weakens daylight. Here the sun is completely hiding behind a dark damper, the last day ray goes out, and darkness, apparent the extent that it is supreme, spreads around, shifting the person and the whole nature in a silent surprise.

About the eclipse of the Sun on July 8, 1842 in the city of Pavia (Italy) tells English by astronomer Francis Bailey: "When the complete eclipse and sunlight came instantly, there was some bright radiance, like a crown of Il on the naoler around the head. Saint. In any reports about past eclipses were not written about something similar, and I didn't expect to see the magnificence, who was now in front of my eyes. The width of the crown, counting from the circle of the moon disk, was equal to about half the moon diameter. She It seemed composed of the bright rays. Her light was denser near the very edge of the moon, and as the rays removed the crown became weaker, thinner. Weakening of the light went completely smoothly along with an increase in distance. The crown appeared in the form of beams of straight weak rays; their external ends dispelled Fan; Rays were unequal length. The crown was not reddish, not pearl, it was completely white. Her rays were overclocked or flicker, like g Azov flame. As it was not brilliantly this phenomenon, whatever enthusias, but still in this strange, the wonderful spectacle was exactly something ominous, and I fully understand how many people could be shocked and frightened during the times when these phenomena There was quite unexpected.

The most amazing details of the whole picture was the emergence of three large protrusions (Protuberans), which rinsed above the edge of the moon, but were obviously part of the crown. They resembled the mountains of a huge height, on the snow vertices of the Alps, when those are lit by the red rays of the setting sun. Their red flowed into a purple or purple; Perhaps it would be best to go here the shade of peach colors. The light of the protrusions, as opposed to the rest of the crown, was completely calm, the "mountains" did not sparkle and did not shimmer. All three protrusions, a slightly different largest, were visible until the last moment of the total phase of the eclipse. But as soon as the first ray of the sun was broken, the protuberances together with the crown were disappeared without a trace, and bright light of the day was recovered. "This phenomenon, so thin and colorfully described Bailey, lasted a little more than two minutes.

Remember Turgenev boys on the Bezhiang meadow? Pavlusha talked about how the sun did not see, about a man with a janger on the head, which was accepted for Antichrist Crick. So it was a story about the same eclipse on July 8, 1842!

But there was no eclipse on Russia more than the word about the word about Igor's regiment and the ancient chronicle. In the spring of 1185, Novgorod-Seversky Prince Igor Svyatoslavich with brother in Vsevolod, performed by the fortune, went to the Polovtsy to join the glory, and the squad of mining. May 1, in the late afternoon, as soon as the shelves "Lady's grandchildren" (descendants of the Sun) on someone else's land, darled before the laid, the birds of Smallkley, the horses rzhali walked, the shadows of riders were unclear and strange, the steppe drove the cold. Igor looked around and saw that she had the "sun, standing by the month." And Igor Boyars said his and his squad: "Do you see? What does the shine meaning ??". They looked, and saw, and donounced the heads. And they said her husbands: "Our Prince! Does not succeed to us good shine!" Igor answered: "Brothers and squad! The mystery of God's nobody is nobody. And what God is given to us - for the benefit of us or on Mount, - we will see." On the tenth day of May, the squad of Igor flew in a Polovtsy steppe, and the wounded prince was captured.