Compliance with the daily routine in younger preschool age is one of the main indicators of the successful adaptation of children to a new status - kindergarten pupils. One of the important points of following the routine is the daily morning exercises. In the second junior group (3-4 years old), physical activity of this kind also has a psychological significance: being distracted by the joint performance of tasks, children do not experience the morning parting with their moms and dads so much. Such multitasking of charging requires from the teacher knowledge of the psychological, pedagogical and methodological features of its preparation and conduct.

What is the essence of morning exercises

Gymnastics in the morning is part of the children's movement regime, aimed at establishing, strengthening and maintaining their health, as well as raising their spirits and successfully organizing further activities.

Goals and objectives of gymnastics

Exercising has important educational goals. In the context of working with children 3-4 years old, these are:

• the development of motor skills, expressed in the development of the ability to coordinate their actions, correlate them with verbal instructions, and also give direction to the movements of the arms, legs, trunk;
• prevention of posture disorders, flat feet, work on the ability to walk beautifully;
• developing the ability to synchronize their movements with the movements of peers and adults;
• fostering a culture of a healthy lifestyle (caring and attentive attitude to one's health, mastering the basics of physical culture);
• introduction to sports;
• stimulation of independence, dedication, as well as a positive attitude towards work.

Morning exercises give children a positive charge for the whole day.

The systematic solution of the following tasks helps to realize these goals in working with children of the second junior group:

• "Wake up" the child's body after sleep (the sleepy state of young pupils, even taking into account the fact that they go or go to kindergarten, is associated with an early and often forced rise);
• stimulation of the work of the respiratory system, cardiovascular system, as well as activation of the channels of perception (vision, hearing, etc.) with the help of jumping and running exercises;
• training the locomotor system by performing repetitive movements to develop the muscles of the shoulder girdle, arms, legs, trunk;
• increasing the endurance of children (in the process of doing gymnastics, tissues and organs are saturated with oxygen - babies become more energetic);
• organized start of the working day (due to the joint performance of physical exercises, the pace and discipline of other activities are set for children);
• focusing the attention of the children on one common lesson (during the gathering in the morning, the kids are busy with different games, they are not in a hurry to be distracted from them - morning exercises are just the same designed to help unite children for joint work);
• acquaintance with popular, widespread sports in their native land (children learn the names of the species, and also learn to correlate the verbal description of the distinctive characteristics with a specific sports activity, try themselves in certain sports, for example, ice skating, swimming, etc.).

Principles of conducting morning exercises

Requirements for engaging in any type of activity in a preschool educational institution (preschool educational institution) are determined by the provisions of the Federal State Educational Standard (FSES).

1. Morning exercises are organized before the first meal, that is, before breakfast.
2. The set of physical exercises includes a warm-up and a number of restorative tasks.
3. In the second junior group, gymnastics in the morning lasts 5-7 minutes.
4. In warm, good weather in spring and autumn, it is recommended to exercise outdoors. In bad weather, exercises are carried out on the veranda, and in winter - in the sports hall, music room or in the group's premises.
5. The temperature regime in the room should not be higher than 16 degrees.
6. If the exercises are carried out indoors, then it should be well ventilated.
7. In the second junior group, children must be dressed in sports uniforms (shorts and a T-shirt or tracksuit, depending on the conditions). Separately, it should be said about the form for the teacher: it is better if it is a sports form with sneakers or sneakers. Hair must be tied up.
8. Physical education is voluntary, so if the baby refuses to participate in the tasks, then there is no need to force him. But after charging, you should ask the child about the reason for the refusal. Perhaps the fault was a bad mood caused by a quarrel with my mother.
9. The best way to stimulate children's interest in sports activities is to provide rhythmic accompaniment: funny songs, moving melodies.
10. To develop an interest in exercising in children, the types of gymnastics need to be changed. We will dwell on the types of exercises later.
11. Excessive over-organization is the enemy of good mood. Therefore, you should not demand strict adherence to discipline from kids.
12. For the most part, exercises for charging have the character of imitation and are organized in a playful way.
13. In the second junior group, work continues on the system of charging from the sitting, lying positions (on the stomach or back), as well as standing and with the attraction of objects (balls, flags, cubes), which was launched last year.
14. About 10 days are allotted to work out one complex, each task is performed on average in 3-4 trips.

It is interesting. As in the first younger group, the teacher conducts morning exercises. Physical education instructor "picks up" the initiative only from the middle group.

The dress code requirements for outdoor gymnastics are the same as for indoor exercises.

Species classification of morning exercises

Boredom is the main enemy of interest in children. It is especially important to avoid mundane activities that are repeated on a daily basis. This is exactly what morning exercises are. To diversify this regime moment, it is necessary to alternate different types of exercises:

• a set of general developmental tasks (running, jumping, walking, not united by a common plot);
• plot charging (the same set of physical exercises as in the general developmental complex, but with a plot, for example, "Chickens", "Musical toys", etc.);
• a set of 3-4 games of an active nature, for example, "Airplanes", "Shaggy Dog" and "Bubble";
• in the form of rhythmic gymnastics (such complexes are usually developed and conducted by a choreographer);
• in the form of alternating running tasks that are performed at different rates, at different distances (this type of exercise is practiced in the warm season);
• exercises to overcome an obstacle course, made, for example, from soft modules;
• charging with exercise equipment (sports equipment can be simple - a children's expander, a gymnastic roller, or complex - treadmills, trampolines, etc.).

It is interesting. If the use of complex simulators is determined by the material and technical base of the preschool educational institution, then the choice of simple ones, to a greater extent, depends on how familiar the teacher is with novelties in the field of toys. So, for example, children's expanders may not be in the form of a familiar, boring, rubber ring, but in the form of a funny little animal, the principle of action with which is to simultaneously press on the back and tummy so that a soft ball pops out of the mouth. Such toys by themselves dictate a competitive form of the exercise: who will throw the ball next.

If it is possible to carry out gymnastics in the pool, then here too you need to take care of the related items

Video: morning exercises with music in the second junior group

https://youtube.com/watch?v=yIRVTKlvQ-8 Video can’t be loaded: Morning exercises with music in the second youngest group. (https://youtube.com/watch?v=yIRVTKlvQ-8)

The content of morning exercises for children 3-4 years old

The peculiarities of the younger preschool age determine the recommendation of the methodologists regarding the unification of tasks by a common plot: children are much more willing to get involved in work if they are involved in a fairy-tale character. Usually the complex consists of 4-5 exercises of different nature:

• tasks to strengthen the muscles of the legs, arms, back and abdomen (it is better to start building from the position when the children are standing in a circle - this pose also works to foster cooperation, a sense of the team in the children);
• slow running for 30-40 seconds;
• walking short distances in combination with outdoor play.

Techniques for preparing and conducting morning exercises

When organizing exercise, the teacher needs to decide on a set of methodological techniques that will help to realize the tasks and goals of performing morning exercises. As with any other type of activity, you should choose from four groups of ways of interacting with children.

Verbal Technique Group

In the second youngest group, children have almost completely mastered the scale of the language, by the age of 4, the children have learned to formulate their thoughts in simple sentences, but many of them still have the problem of matching the members of the sentence in gender and number ("One bump", etc.). One of the most effective ways to overcome this feature is the perception of competent speech of adults. So verbal techniques are necessary in any (!) Kind of activity, even if it is indirectly connected with the essence of this activity, such as, for example, the word with physical exercises.

Explanation

Any play action must be described in detail by the teacher. Moreover, when repeating a complex, verbal instructions must also be duplicated, while selecting sentences that are small in volume, clearly pronouncing each word.

Even if the exercise is well known to children, before starting the implementation, the teacher should briefly recall the content of the assignment.

Riddles and poems

One of the most pressing questions asked by all teachers, especially young professionals, is the choice of ways to motivate children to complete a particular task. Sometimes it is almost impossible to distract the kid from the toy or role-playing game he liked, and then riddles with agreements come to the rescue. A rhymed answer is a prerequisite for working with children of younger preschool age. The fact is that little ones still have little personal experience, so it is difficult for them to solve classical riddles, which means that interest in this type of activity will be lost after 2-3 minutes of unsuccessful attempts to guess. Contracts, on the other hand, help children navigate the meaning and choose the appropriate rhyming answer.

In my practice, when considering the plot complex "Chicken", I invite the kids to remember what all the "members of the chicken family" are called:

• From an egg, like from diapers,
  A small one came out ... (chicken);
• "Chip-chick-chick! Where-where-where! " -
  We hear on the street.
  Summons all the chicks
  Rough ... (chicken);
• An important gait,
  Red beard,
  Spurs, scarlet comb -
  This is Petya ... (Cockerel).

If it is supposed to perform a set of exercises from outdoor games, then the children and I repeat the poem that everyone needs to do exercises:

• We start doing exercises in the morning. Let diseases fear us, Let them not come to us. The bird spreads its wings, Waking up at dawn. Teddy bear kneads paws near the den on the carpet.

Rhymed lines are the basis for whole complexes of "gymnastics in verse", in which movements are performed with rhythmic verbal illustration.

Table: examples of morning exercises in verse

Short plot sketches

A very convenient technique of motivation, which I, for example, use regularly, coming up with stories on the go. So, in order to remind about the importance of physical activity for health, I tell the fairy tale "Gymnastics, Warm-up and Cold". “Warm-up and Gymnastics lived in the same kingdom. They were always surrounded by the guys, showed how to do the exercises and did them themselves regularly. Once they played with the children and, in order to shorten the path to the house, went through the forest. Heard that someone was sneezing. It's summer! We went to the sound and soon saw a small house, from which the girl came out and began to blow her nose. The girlfriends got to know her and found out that the name of the stranger was Cold and that she was sitting at home: she didn’t go anywhere, she didn’t communicate with anyone, as she was constantly ill. Then I pulled the Warm-up Cold to the square, showed a couple of exercises, and there, after the lesson, they decided that the joyful, vigorous after completing the tasks, the Cold now needs to be renamed to Exercise. So now everyone calls her, but the old name has long been forgotten. "

After listening to the fairy tale, you need to ask the kids 2-3 questions in order to understand whether they have delved into the plot:

• “What were the names of the heroes of the tale?”;
• “Who did the Warm-up and Gymnastics meet?”;
• "What is the name of the Cold now?"

When composing stories for the second junior group, it is important to remember that:

• actions in fairy tales should not be prolonged (otherwise the kids will be distracted, and it will be very, very difficult to focus them on charging);
• characters with memorable names should act in the plots;
• if possible, then it is worth choosing pictures for each plot.

If possible, then the elements of the plot, for example, the attributes of the heroes: umbrellas, hats, should be shown to children

A group of visual techniques

The image is the main source of the formation of ideas about the world around children. This is the reason for the need to accompany any kind of activity with illustrations.

When working with children of the second junior group, I involve:

• pictures with animals, toys-characters of the game;
• vivid presentation of illustrations of each of the stages of the exercise;
• demonstration of the implementation of all movements (the teacher herself can act as a model, in addition, children can memorize the order of working out the exercise from the pictures).

Reception of practical understanding of the topic

This group of techniques involves the material activities of children:

• drawings;
• crafts;
• applications from different materials.

In the second junior group, as in the middle, and then in the senior group, practical work has a reflective character.

Group of game techniques

Play is a form of physical exercise, more precisely, outdoor games to music. In the second junior, the group of playing techniques includes outdoor games with some elements of theatrical activity.

Table: examples of outdoor games for charging

It is interesting. Periodically, it is recommended to add 1-2 tasks of finger games or breathing exercises to the morning exercises.

Periodically, elements of finger or breathing exercises are interwoven into the complex of morning exercises

Charging task file

The main principle of the selection of exercises for gymnastics is diversity: tasks should train different skills and abilities, therefore, exercises of different types are included in one complex. In this case, the words of the characters are also illustrated with movements.

Table: card file of charging complexes for the second junior group