Toddlers are born explorers who study the world around them through sensory, emotional perception and practical experience. It is extremely important to maintain the natural curiosity and cognitive activity of the child with new exciting types of visual activity. The application will introduce the kid to the world of color and shape, introduce him to geometric shapes, give him primary modeling skills, and develop an understanding of the rules of composition among students of the middle group.

Application is the creation of subject or subject compositions from figured elements or patterns attached to the base (cardboard, wood, fabric), cut from paper, dry leaves, fabric, leather. The multi-colored composition can be attached by gluing or sewing on. This type of creative modeling has a beneficial effect on the development of fine motor skills, imaginative and spatial thinking, sensory perception and the child's intellectual abilities for synthesis and analysis.

Features of classes on the topic "Large multi-storey building" by application in the middle group

Types of applications:

• subject - a mono-image of an object, for example, a house, tree, car, fairytale hero, etc.
• plot and landscape application - a composition depicting the interaction of several objects or characters;
• decorative - stylized processing according to the laws of proportional placement of parts, decorative transformation of real objects in the form of an ornament using bright color decorations of geometric, plant forms, abstract figures of animals, birds, humans.

Large-scale compositions that are based on an unfolded plot and include many different details are usually created collectively. The preparatory stage, during which individual details are prepared, for example, squares are cut from strips, balls are cut off and rolled from pieces of napkins, is carried out in small subgroups of 2-3 people, and then the children together make a plot picture on a Whatman paper, gluing the elements prepared by them, along the way, developing the ability of spatial thinking, as well as the skills of coordinated action.

When creating an application, children rely both on a given scheme and on a pre-agreed condition or concept, and the process of collective modeling itself reinforces the desire for solidarity and mutual assistance. It is important that the children learn to follow the correct sequence of work on creating a multi-layer composition, that is, the teacher must explain that first you need to prepare the background picture, then place the details of the background (houses, pedestrian crossing, clouds, etc.) and only then glue the figures of the foreground (trees, cars, snow).

Photo: Collective works on the theme "Home"

"Colored houses" "Streets of the hometown" "Evening city" "Fairytale city" "Snowy city" "Our city" Capital city

Applique value

• Intellectual development is the enrichment of the cognitive baggage with concepts of the properties and laws of the surrounding world, the expansion of knowledge about the variety of shapes, sizes and colors of objects, the spatial arrangement of objects according to the laws of proportionality. In addition, mental operations of comparison, generalization are formed, abstract and logical thinking develops, figurative, coherent speech is improved.
• Moral education - classes awaken a sense of camaraderie, contribute to the formation of such volitional qualities of character as initiative, self-organization, concentration, dedication, the ability to overcome difficulties.
• Sensory development - the application relies on sensory perception and stimulates the knowledge of the properties and qualities of objects.
• Artistic and aesthetic development - the formation of a sense of taste for visual activity, due to which the perception of the rhythmic harmony of color and form, constructive integrity and beauty of the surrounding world develops.
• Labor education - technical skills of manual skills are developed, industriousness and everyday independence are formed.

A software innovation in the middle group is the task of mastering the skill of cutting with scissors, which requires developed coordination of movements and good motor skills of the hand to perform correct rhythmic actions with a new instrument (scissors should cut the paper, not wrinkle). The first three months of the school year are devoted to teaching the skills of direct cutting of strips up to 5 centimeters, the cut squares and rectangles are later used for games (tickets in a role-playing game) or for designing more complex applications (house windows, flags, etc.). When performing decorative work, attention is paid, first of all, to filling the center of the form.

Design from ready-made geometric shapes

To perform work in applique classes, both ready-made silhouettes and shapes are used, as well as cut out by children independently. The volume of independent actions of children increases, for example, you can offer to choose a color and a suitable shape for completing the task.

The main tasks for the application in the middle group:

• improve the combinatorial ability to compose a subject from several parts;
• teach the ability to operate with several geometric shapes (circle, square, rectangle) in the amount of ten to twelve parts for composing objects or composition of a decorative pattern;
• study the shape of the oval and triangle;
• develop the ability to use shapes of different sizes and colors;
• master and consolidate the skills of straight (in different directions) and round cutting.

Application techniques used in the middle group

• Breaking technique. This technique is great for conveying the illusion of volume, mosaic decorative texture of the image, which adds visual impact and brightness to it (houses, smoke from a chimney, clouds, fluffy snow, brickwork, pavement, etc.).

  

  "Autumn City"

• Appliques from napkins - children are happy to use them as a bright and colorful decorative ornament or as an independent material for creating appliques. In working with it, you can do without scissors, breaking off and rolling up the lumps from which the composition is constructed. This technique perfectly develops fine motor skills.

  

  "House in the village"

• Quilling - literally translated from English means a bird's feather. A planar or volumetric composition is folded or supplemented with decorative spiral-shaped details twisted from colored paper, which perfectly convey the volumetric texture of the object. One of the types of quilling is the cutting technique, which allows you to achieve the effect of "fluffiness" of paper parts in a rather uncomplicated and easy-to-execute way, when with the help of a stick the paper squares are given the shape of a funnel.

  

  "My city" (tree crowns are made by facing)

• Mosaic execution of the applique. The main details are geometrical figures (circle, rectangle, square, triangle) of various sizes, which are laid out inside the drawn image scheme.
• Geometric - it is easier for four-year-old children to master construction from simple geometric shapes and learn how to add figures of objects from a combination of triangles, squares, rectangles and circles.

  

• Fabric applique. The peculiarity of working with fabric is the difficulty of cutting, since it is much more difficult to cut applique elements from fabric than from paper. In addition, matter can crumble along the edge, which will cause additional problems. Therefore, this kind of application can be worked out with children who have developed skills for fluent use of scissors.

  

  "Summer City"

• Ladoshkovaya - the basis of such an applique is the silhouette of the baby's palm outlined with a pencil. A little effort and additional decorative elements that decorate the applique will turn such a simple blank, for example, into a fabulous fancy bird. The creative approach and joint imagination of the teacher and the children will help to arrange the multi-colored handprints of all children into an original background for a collective composition.
• Non-traditional - uses unusual materials, for example, plasticine, cotton wool, cereals, pasta, foam rubber, fabric, eggshells, threads, etc. The construction of original compositions from unusual materials expands the boundaries of creative imagination, awakens a taste for artistic improvisation, develops and trains hand skills, shows a sense of form, color.

  

  "Sunny City" - applique from Krupp

  

  Thread applique

• Inclusion of dry plants or leaves in the composition (floristry). Excellent material to complement the background. This type of work requires a preliminary stage of preparation, when, while walking with the children, the teacher collects the necessary natural material.

  

  "House in the forest"

Stages and methodological methods of conducting a lesson

In the middle group, the standard long-term planning provides for two application sessions per month. The total duration of continuous activity should not exceed 20 minutes, methodological manuals recommend to carry out physical exercises (finger, respiratory, motor gymnastics) for 2-3 minutes for relaxation and prevention of mental and physical fatigue of children.

Lesson scheme

1. Organizational part (3-5 minutes).

The informational and familiarization stage involves the awakening of children's interest in the depicted object, the study of its shape, color and components. It is necessary to connect game moments that stimulate curiosity, evoke a positive emotional reaction and activity. Motivating techniques can be the appearance of a toy character, reliance on a well-known fairy tale plot, demonstration of pictures, a musical pause, a surprise moment, acquaintance with new knowledge, personal artistry of the teacher. It is important to develop the ability to concentrate attention and see an object, to make its sensory (touch and sight) analysis.

Conversation with children in a lesson on the application on the topic "We are builders" (author of the synopsis Dinara Kireeva)

Informative conversation with children

It makes sense to start a conversation of an educational and educational nature with questions about the names of streets, transport, you can make a small interesting excursion into the historical past of the city, remember the sights and monuments that are a visiting card, a symbol of your hometown. The lesson will be interesting if the teacher thinks over the playing line of the script, taking as a basis one of the popular fairy-tale plots: the fairy tale "Zayushkin's hut", the poetic fairy tale "Cat's house", the adventures of three piglets, Uncle Pumpkin's dream about a house from the literary tale of Gianni Rodari about Chippolino and etc.

Poems and riddles that can be used in a class about home or city topics.

2. The practical stage includes an explanation and demonstration by the teacher of the step-by-step algorithm for laying out and gluing elements (2-3 minutes).

The level of development of children's spatial thinking does not yet allow them to independently determine the location of the detail in the composition of the pattern or the correct location of the component part of the object, therefore, the teacher needs to clearly demonstrate and explain the sequence of the task. Unfamiliar operations require additional explanation and demonstration, for example, cutting the corners of a rectangle to obtain a trapezoidal roof shape, children cut out familiar shapes (rectangle and square) on their own. Increased attention is paid to the work culture, careful and safe handling of scissors, for which it is advisable to divide children into subgroups of up to seven people while learning how to work correctly with a new tool. Children should learn to hold the scissors confidently and use them in movements that will not wrinkle the paper.

The teacher works with the children

3. Independent work of children (15 minutes).

After carefully listening to the teacher's explanations, the children cut out the details and glue them to the base in accordance with the assignment. The teacher controls the correctness of the task, it is advisable to prepare all the necessary equipment and blanks on the work tables in advance.

4. Analysis and summing up (2-3 minutes).

The final stage of the lesson takes place in the form of an exhibition of children's works, the teacher teaches us to happily perceive their own and others' successes, conducts an analysis, accompanying him with praise for their efforts and hard work, together with the children discusses the degree of accuracy of the work (clear and even edges, no traces of glue), and also the correspondence of the image created by the child to the original or model, marks successful creative ideas and original experiments.

Lesson summary

In the scenario of the lesson, the teacher indicates the goals and objectives. In the process of planning, organizing and conducting application classes in the middle group, they are usually guided by the solution of the following tasks:

• Mastering the skills of working with scissors, glue and colored paper, learning to design from pieces of cotton wool, fabric, leaves on a cardboard or paper base, using plasticine.
• Development of independence and creative initiative in determining the plot or genre (subject painting, landscape) of the application.
• Development of the ability to hear and understand musical or poetic accompaniment that sounds during the performance of a creative task. Such an interesting combination of various ways of emotional and artistic instruments of influence is aimed at achieving a comprehensive aesthetic development of children, the formation of artistic taste and a sense of beauty.

Summary of the lesson on the application on the theme "City of Friendship" (based on the notes by N. Parsova)

Tasks:

• teach pupils to cut out several identical parts from a strip (house windows, roofs of houses, strips for a pedestrian crossing);
• place windows at the level of one line;
• develop composition skills;
• to awaken cognitive interest in the world around us, love for a small homeland;
• develop the ability to work in a coordinated manner in a team.

1. Introductory conversation, which is woven into the game situation. You can use visual material, for example, photographs or pictures depicting streets, architectural sights of your hometown, which will be easily recognizable by children and cause a positive emotional mood.

2. The practical part. The teacher draws the children's attention to a sheet of Whatman paper prepared in advance with some glued and drawn elements of the future composition, for example, a road, one house, a tree. Then the teacher invites the children to finish the picture, complementing it with the missing figures and silhouettes, to draw the details of houses and cars with pencils.

The teacher explains and shows the techniques and method of making the details of the applique.

We take a strip of paper, fold it several times, then lay it out and cut along the fold lines, so we get windows. If the sheet is folded in half and then cut, you get the walls of the houses. Rectangles, the corners of which are cut from above, turn into roofs.

You must "build" new beautiful and cozy houses for friends of Crocodile Gena, "plant" trees. Cars and trucks will drive along the roads of our city (the teacher prepares silhouettes of trees and cars in advance).

3. Children work independently. The teacher helps and advises as needed, controls the work with scissors and glue.

Teamwork of children

4. Summing up.

There are so many beautiful houses on our street, happy, friendly families, adults and children will live in them. All our houses are cozy, warm and welcoming. You are great fellows!

Finished composition

Schemes and a step-by-step description of the execution of applications

"Our group is a friendly home" - collective work to create a symbol for the group

Material: blank from Whatman paper in the shape of a house, colored paper, scissors, glue, felt-tip pens.

Instructions:

"Winter City" - a collective application with elements of non-traditional technology

Materials: Whatman paper, gouache, blanks in the form of cut large rectangles for house silhouettes and strips for windows and roofs, glue, brush.

Preliminary work: the teacher tints the background with blue gouache, then invites the children to build a city from the blanks.

Tinted background

Instructions:

1. Each child chooses a large colored rectangle for their home, cuts small rectangles from yellow stripes, cuts corners on the roof strips, and starts gluing the windows. The teacher reminds the pupils to try to carefully tinker their home, leaving no traces of glue.

   

   Glue small rectangles (windows) onto a large rectangle

2. When the houses are ready, the children glue them to the base, attach the roofs.

   

   Glue ready-made houses on whatman paper

3. The guys cut cotton pads in half, then add them to the composition to depict snowdrifts.

   

   Glue the halves of cotton pads (drifts)

4. Then smears of glue are applied to the base and sprinkled with semolina (snow).

   

   Use semolina to depict snow

5. Finished composition.

   

   Finished work

"Houses on our street" - collective work

Children do the work independently.

Instructions:

"My hometown" - collective application

Materials: large rectangles, roof and window strips.