Nesterova I.A. The first flight of a person in space // Encyclopedia of Nester

In the 20th century, practically no one had doubts about who holds the palm of the championship in space. The flight of the first person into space was performed by the Soviet cosmonaut Yuri Gagarin. His feat remembers all Russia.

However, Russia has a lot of envious. Everyone wants to try on the laurels of the discoverer and the winner. Slipping with this, a lot of falseteories appeared about the first flight of a person in space.

The first person in space is Yuri Gagarin. On April 12, 1961, Gagarin made the first flight of a person in space.

IN last years Russia has a tendency to erase from the memory of the feats of Soviet people. Unfortunately, the younger generation, brought up on the "dance with the stars" and "House two", is unlikely to know who Yuri Gagarin is and will gladly swallow false, that the Americans visited the first in space.

This is part of the state, partly the education and unwillingness of society to enlighten young people. Despite the active appeals that in Russia it is necessary to resurrect patriotism and education, in 2016 the day of the Cosmonautics passed the practically non-noticed Russian TV channels. Alas, the films about the discovery in space broadcast only the TV channel "Culture". The rest were limited to the show of the film "Gagarin".

In this regard, I consider it important to deepen in the history of the preparation of the first person's flight into space. Knowledge the greatest events The history of the Fatherland is an indicator of intelligence and historical literacy, so necessary in difficult times for Russia.

On April 12, 1961, the first man Yuri Alekseevich Gagarin went to the Earth's orbit. It was he who opened the era of piloted flights. The first flight of a person in space was performed by a citizen of the USSR, and not anyone else.

Preparation for the first flight into space

Before it took place first flight of man in space, Soviet scientists and engineers designers painstakingly developed a rocket on which a person can fly into space and return alive.

Back in 1957, an amazed mankind became a witness to the world's first flight to the space of the Soviet artificial satellite of the Earth. This satellite was equipped with a thermostat system, power sources, two radio transmitters operating at different frequencies and transmitting signals in the form of telegraph parcels.

1. First artificial satellite Earth satellite-1

Immediately after the first satellite in orbit, there were regular artificial satellites around the Earth, and only after that trial flights of spacecraft were carried out, then interplanetary automatic stations.

An important stage of preparation for the first flight of a person in space was sent to the orbit of animals. In the Memorial Museum of Cosmonautics in Moscow, you can see a ship on which a dog Laika flew into space (photo 2).

2. The ship on which the pita flew into space

The most famous dogs were famous: squirrel and arrow. They turned out to be the first animals that not only committed an orbital space flight, but also returned alive and unharmed. The flight took place on the ship "satellite-5". Protein and arrow were blowing. However, these amazing animals left a deep mark in the hearts of Soviet people and in domestic cosmonautics.

Proteins and arrows at first there were droppers of a drop and wilna. But when it came to them to fly, it was decided to rename them and give more sound and solid names.

3. Squirrel and arrow in the Museum of Cosmonautics

They were filmed movies in soviet time. Did not forget about them and in the 21st century. In 2010, full-length cartoon star dogs came out on the large screen: squirrel and arrow. So modern guys are familiar with heroic dogs.

Interesting Facts.
Why didn't you fly into cats?
Cats are poorly leaving for training and do not trust a person like dogs. Repeated, the cat could not be made to survive the training overload. Dog for the sake of man is ready for everything.
Why the dogs girls flew into space, not the boys?
Because males raise the paw when they write, and under girls it is more convenient to design the seat so that they can go to the toilet.
Everything was thought out to the smallest details.

The decisive stage in the preparation of the first person's flight to space was the conclusion on March 25, 1961 in orbit around the Earth of the Fifth Satellite Ship. In the cabin of the ship were:

1. cosmonaut mannequin
2. dog asterisk,
3. various biological objects.

The ship successfully completed the planned program and, after one turn around the Earth, landed. According to the results of the launch of the satellite ship, it became obvious that a person would fly into space.

Flight Yuri Gagarin in space April 12, 1961

The flight of the first person into space was carried out at the cost of incredible efforts of Soviet researchers. Initially, several astronauts were prepared to the flight into space. It was originally planned to send German Titov to space. The main reason for this was the fact that Titov had no children at that time, and Yuri Gagarin had already two. However, Korolev insisted on the candidacy Yu.A. Gagarin.

4. Yuri Alekseevich Gagarin First Man in Space

On April 12, 1961, Yuri Alekseevich Gagarin carried out the first flight of a person in space. The flight took place on the spacecraft "East". He made an orbital flight of land.

Gagarin actively participated in the public life of the USSR and enjoyed great popularity among the population. However, he no longer flew into space. On March 27, 1968, the first cosmonaut Yuri Alekseevich Gagarin, making another planned flight on the aircraft of the Security Service of MiG-15, on board which was also colonel Vladimir Seregin, crashed near the village of Novoselovo Vladimir region.

Despite the fact that the overwhelming number of inhabitants of Europe and America do not know who Yuri Gagarin is, and even more so, they do not believe that the Russians are committed to the first person in space, hope for the restoration of justice is there. And let the selling and limited checkers give the palm of championship in the US space, in some countries the feat of Gagarin is remembered. So, the monument to Yuri Gagarin intends to establish the authorities of Barcelona, \u200b\u200bin Argentina in Buenos Aires, a bronze bust of Yuri Gagarin, the first person who flew into space was installed.

Currently a key task russian society is the preservation of memory of the great achievements of our Motherland. It is impossible in the minds of Russians to substitute reality for the perverted fantasies of the non-evil rulers of Europe and America. We must remember, otherwise you will cease to exist as a single people.

Day April 12, 1961 began the famous Gagarinsky "went!". This day, the people of the whole land were called in the morning of the cosmic era. Yuri Gagarin's name is forever in a century. The feat of him personifies all the best that created by the human mind since ancient times to the present day, this feat is entered in the history of gold letters.

A man has long been dreamed of climbing space. But only in the XX century, this dream began to be embodied in reality.

In 1903, an article of K.E. appeared in one of the Russian journals. Tsiolkovsky "Study of world spaces with reactive devices." A teacher from Kaluga for the first time theoretically substantiated the possibility of interplanetary flights and suggested using for this a multistage rocket.

The ideas of Tsiolkovsky in 20-30? X G. developed Yu.V. Kondratyuk, American inventor R. Godard, German professor G. Obert.

In December 1930, a group of studying of the reactive movement was created in Moscow under the leadership of S.P. Queen and F.A. Candarer. Due to the dedicated work of enthusiasts, the first Soviet liquid rocket took off in 1933. In the same year, reactive reacts are created.

Sergey Pavlovich Korolev (1907-1966), student A.N. Tupolev, - graduate of the Faculty of Aeromechanics MVTU. Bauman (1930). However, no aviation became the matter of his life, but a rocket technique. They created the first Soviet missile glider, the first Soviet winged rocket, rocket accelerators for aircraft.

From the 50s and to his very death S.P. Korolev headed a large team, solved ultra-walled state tasks, including within the framework of the Soviet Space Program. The results did not make it wait.

The first flight of a person in space has become one of the brightest and memorable events of the last century. Soviet military pilot, Senior Lieutenant Yuri Gagarin (1934-1968) on the ship "East" started from the Baikonur cosmodrome and made the first space flight around the Earth in the history of mankind. He stayed in space for 108 minutes and returned safely to the ground, landed in the Saratov region. Once in these places, he learned to fly, being a cadet of a local aircall.

Flight Yu.A. Gagarin preceded a large and intense work on the preparation and implementation of the launches of the first satellite, the first living being and, finally, the comic ship in automatic mode with a man's dummy on board (Ivan Ivanovich was joking on a joke on a joke) with the return of the descent apparatus to the Earth.

Everything was invented, no one could say with confidence in advance how the human body behaves in space flight. Gagarina was to give an answer to the simplest questions, for example, can we eat in weightlessness. There was no confidence if his psyche would stand.

It did not cost, of course, without speculation and ridiculous rumors. In some, it was argued that until the flight Yuri Gagarin, several people were killed in emergency launches. In others - people already visited the space. They wrote and told the authors who do not have any relation to these works and not even imagined how it happens. After all, the launch itself and the preparation for it, including the landing of the astronaut in the ship, are made with the participation of hundreds of people. Therefore, it is simply impossible to hide something or falsify.

A few days before the arrival of the East-1 satellite ship on Baikonur came candidates for astronauts. These were six small growth officers in aviation form: Bykovsky, Gagarin, Nelyubov, Nikolaev, Popovich, Titov. Chief Designer S.P. Korolev acquainted them with a technical position, with equipment, with test technology and, of course, with tests.

Of course, not everything went smoothly before the start of Gagarin. There was such an annoying trouble. After the closure of the hatch number 1, through which the astronaut landing occurs, when there was no longer the time left for any extra operations, the message was received, which did not work one of the three mechanical contacts, testifying to the normal closure of the hatch. Luke quickly opened and found the cause. It turned out that the bracket with this ill-fated contact was accidentally rented by the cosmonaut's elbow when landing into the ship. The malfunction was eliminated, and followed.

And all over the world, the message TASS was partitioned: "On April 12, 1961, in the Soviet Union, the first in the world was launched around the Earth spaceship"Eastern" with a man on board.

The Space Satellite Space Satellite Site pilot is a citizen of the Soviet Union Socialist Republics Pilot-cosmonaut, Major Yuri Alekseevich Gagarin. "

One hundred and eight minutes, which needed to hide our planet, were the first minutes. space EraAnd therefore they shook and excited the world.

"The spacecraft" Vostok "launches Major Gagarin in history," "The most ambitious achievement of a person", "We must remove the hats before the Russians" ... Under such headlines, the world press reported our achievement.
A simple Russian guy from Gzhatska after his triumphal flight traveled the whole world, and everywhere people welcomed him with extraordinary enthusiasm.

Unfortunately, he fell short-lived life. In 1968, in the training flight, an aircraft piloted by Gagarin and Sergin crashed in the Vladimir region.

From the chronicles of the president:

May 1957 - the launch of the world's first intercontinental ballistic missile.
October 1957 - the launch of the world's first artificial satellite.
September 1959 - the first achievement of the Moon in the world.
October 1959 - The world's first photographing of the reverse side of the moon.
February 1961 - the automatic station "Venus-1" paved the first interplanetary route to the planets of the solar system.
April 12, 1961 - the first flight of a person in space.

The country was ahead of the rest of the ...

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Photos Alexandra Bichurova

the first successful flight of a person in space, Yuri Gagarin - he said "went"

The history of cosmonautics, the first flights to space. Who flew into space to Gagarin. First flights to space - the territory of the cold and weight loss, and the world of large secrets. April 12, the official holiday of cosmonautics, in honor of the first flight of Yuri Gagarin.

April 12, 1961, Yuri Gagarin, Cosmonaut of the Soviet Union, committed first Pilot Flying Spacelasting 108 minutes. It was a huge success. A colossal step in the development of outer space.

It was the time of the great achievements of Soviet scientists. Soviet cosmonaut Yuri Gagarin commits a piloted flight into space in the orbit of the Earth! The whole country flashed and celebrated!

So it was remembered in the history of space of space….

The flight of Y. Gagarin into space was extremely important for the Union, because the cosmic conquests of two superpowers, the USSR and the USA went. And it was necessary to prove to the whole world that only in the Union is the most advanced, and only under the control of the Communist Party, great cases are preferred.

But before the first cosmonaut, the historical flight was performed, animals visited the first in space. These are famous for the whole world of dogs, squirrel and arrow. The first orbital flight around the Earth, and spent in conditions of weightlessness. But as Academician Oleg Georgievich Gazenko says, an employee of the Special Laboratory of the Institute of Aviation Medicine of the Air Force, and they were not the first to go to space.

- In 1948, the task of prepare dogs to the flights into space was delivered to Special Bottir. For this purpose, animals were caught on the streets, selecting 4-5 kilograms by weight. And already in 1951, we started to work closely. These are multi-level training systems, - addictive dogs to carry vests with bioparameter removal sensors.

To teach them to the cramps of the ship's cabin so that animals did not have the fear of claustrophobia. Almost all sorts of tests that could be foreseen at startup, and the flight of the rocket in space, of course, in addition to the conditions of weightlessness. It was the weightlessness that a lot bothered scientists, how her influence on the body will be. This question was answered experimental animals.

But before the successful flight of proteins and arrows, many will remember that in the orbit in 1957, a husky was sent. Preparation for this flight went within 10 years. But the artificial satellite was not equipped with a descent system to earth, and the dog died.

And the first in the space a dog gypsy and a dezk, really on a high-rise rocket, but the flight of dogs was successful, and they were safely returned to Earth. Oleg Georgievich recalls and a dog Zhulku, who three times visited space. This is a little known, white and fluffy heroine Cosmonautics. Twice she successfully launched into space on high-altitude rockets. For the third time, Zhulka went to orbit in December 1960, on the ship of the predecessor of Gagarin's ship.

But this time, a lot of dangers fell on her share. Due to technical equipment failures, the ship does not reach orbits. In this case, the destruction of the ship was prescribed. But again there is a suction in the operation of systems, the blasting of the ship does not occur. And the satellite falls on the ground, on the expanses of Siberia, in the area of \u200b\u200bthe Podcast Tunguska. Two days, the rescue team traveled to the fallen apparatus.

All this time, Zhulka, who survived all the peripetics of the fall of the spacecraft, was in the cold, without food and drink. But survived, and then "written off" from the participants of the space program. Oleg Georgievich regretted the brave cosmonaut, and took the dog to his home, where Zhulka lived about 14 years.

It must be said that not only dogs and mice were visited in space, but even a turtle. By the way, a little-known fact, but it was the turtles that were the first to carry the moon, on the Soviet apparatus "Zond-5". The turtles returned safely to the ground, lasting in the Indian Ocean.

And immediately before the flight of senior lieutenant Gagarin, a dog named the star in the space. On the start of the ship in March 1961, with an asterisk on board, all future astronauts were invited. To see and be sure to develop space technology, allows a person to make a prosperous flight into space. At the same time, Yuri Gagarin, whose successful flight took place in April.

In this flight, Senior Lieutenant Gagarin, said the word known to several generations " Go". Gagarin landed already by Major. Some and now express doubts - whether Yuri himself said " Go", Or it was so" necessary. " - But is it important for the history of astronautics? I think there is no.

Some researchers carefully looking at the history of Soviet cosmonautics, they are also talking about other cosmonauts. Which allegedly went into space to Gagarin, but died, with unsuccessful launches, burning in space ships.

according to researchers, archival documents, hide the names and faces of people who will never see the light of Sofita. These are people who have committed flights to space before Gagarin. These were they, were pioneers, the first of the people overcome the strength of the attraction of the Earth.

But the names of the first cosmonauts, looking for space traps of space roads, do not sound among the names of the cosmonauts. They died in spacecraft in search of the path into orbit. And the unsuccessful launches of space missiles are not needed for history, like people. - Researchers say.

Of course, I now run a little forward, but I want to immediately tell the official point of view on this issue. how officialsand historians.

That's what A. Pervishin spoke about it - "Perhaps secrecy surrounding the space program is not too justified. And he spoiled a lot of rumors and speculation. But in the history of Soviet cosmonautics, there is no hidden corpses. " And calls it the "fruit of a violent fantasy generated by the strict secrecy regime" as well as - "how it would not be cynically sounded, but the interest was not a good return of the astronaut, it did not matter, in the conditions of the race it was the main thing to declare their own priority«

The same historians speak about it. As already mentioned, in the cosmic race with the Americans, it was very important that the Soviet cosmonaut flew into space first. As an example, refuting unknown flights, a document of the CPSU Central Committee, signed 9 days before the start of Gagarin, is April 3, 1961. The document was prescribed to prepare two TASS messages about the launch of the piloted ship.

One of them was laudatory, about the successful launch of the Soviet ship with a pilot on board, and the great achievement of the USSR. Another message was about the death of Gagarin. That is, no concealment of information, with any outcome of the flight and speech was not. According to historians admitted to the study of documents, the names are often mentioned died cosmonauts Ice, Shiborin, Mitkov and Gromov, did not exist in reality, it is fictional by the unknown names. In any case, according to historians, there were no relationship with these surnames.

The history of the dead cosmonauts, allegedly committed the first flights to Cosmos to Gagarin.

You probably need to begin with a famous photo on the cover of the magazine "Ogonek" from October 1959. In the image five people, Kachura, Mikhailov, Zavadovsky, Belokonev, Grachev, - Testers from the Institute of Space Medicine. In the photo they are in Hermosham, and many have decided that it is there are future astronauts. However, their names are not found among the names of cosmonauts. And the Western press puts forward the version that they died at the first flights into space.

Allegedly cosmonauts of Grachev and Belokonev, went into space in September 1961, in order to make the flight of the moon on a double spacecraft. According to journalists (in particular, the Western press), a breakdown occurs on the ship, and astronauts cannot return. The ship with astronauts on board, having lost control, turns into a space wanderer, lost in the cold depth of space. - Tragic story death.

However, for that period, space technologies did not allow the piloted flight to the moon. Otherwise, the USSR would have won the United States in the development of the Moon. But it does not confuse journalists, the main thing is more smoke on the territory of the ideological opponent. The death of Gennady Mikhailov and was at all timed to the unsuccessful launch of an automatic venerana probe. On February 4, 1961, the starting station was unsuccessful, due to the accident in the acceleration unit, the automatic station "hung" on the near-earth orbit.

True, sometimes there are records that Kachura died so. But the station was unmanned, fully automatic. But here everything is clear, from the name of the institute it is clear what the people mentioned were made. In addition, within the framework of the same secretion, the faces "disguised" on the covers of the magazine could not participate in space flights.

But still there is one case about unknown cosmonauts, which can indicate researchers of dark corners of cosmonautics. This is Vladimir Ilyushin, the son of the famous designer, indicate it as the first cosmonaut. Officially, Ilyushin landed in a car accident a few months before the launch of Gagarin into orbit.

After cure in the homeland, went to China, for amendments to health with Eastern Medicine. His health problems, immediately counted for an unsuccessful flight into space. Allegedly the ship completing his flight, made an unsuccessful landing in which the astronaut suffered. And in favor of all the same, notorious secrecy, the injuries of the astronaut officially "recorded" as a car accident.

However, such a version does not withstand critics, just that there is no logic in it, so it is also ridiculous. What can be hidden here? Even in this version, the launch of the ship was successful, it is easier to hide his difficult landing - and you can safely report on the whole world about the achievements of Soviet scientists.

Peter Debolov, pilot test, burned down in a ship with an unsuccessful launch in September 1960. Yes, died, but not at the start in orbit. And two years later, in November 1962, making a jump from the side of the stratostat using a parachute. Presumably died by testing the test of a new model of the skatera.

Other facts leading by researchers of alternative history of cosmonautics, and secretly buried dead cosmonauts are identical. But losses among 20 astronauts "Gagarinsky" set were. These are expelled from the detachment for the resistance to the army patrol in the drunken form Grigory N., Ivan A., and Valentin F. (surnames are not specified on the basis of ethics standards).

It is known that Grigory N. Passing the service on Far East In the usual air strike, he said that he should have been flying into space instead of Gagarin. True, the colleagues did not believe him. In 1966, Grigory died, assumed under the train. It remained unknown, it was an accident, suicide, or as the researchers are wondering, "his secrecy regime.

Another, the history of disastrous "to the Gagarin" launches, as well as subsequently dead astronauts, is told by the Italians, - brothers Cordilia. I will start with the technical capabilities of the brothers. There can be now engineers - the designer and laugh, but the Kordigil's brothers, alone, using only the photographs of ground-based NASA tracking stations, were able to assemble their own device. With the help of which they listened to the negotiations of astronauts in orbit with the PC.

This brothers managed to do the impossible, while all countries, watch the actions of Soviet cosmonauts trying to listen to the ether, do it could only brothers Cordigili. In particular, only they managed to hear how dying astronauts talk to the ground in the last seconds of life. In the press, including on television, the history of the Kordigal brothers is quite in detail.

Therefore, we will not stop in detail how many signals about a distress in orbit, cries and moans of dying astronauts recorded the Italians of Cordiliga. But even a person is not familiar with the details of the Special Communications devices, knows, listening to the communication channel on the "closed" frequency is impossible, even possessing three times the supercomputer of the future, "sit down" on the wiretapping of this channel. Here you can add that the work of the specifiable special preparations is straightened from the scramblers known now (information encryption device from non-authorized persons).

So really within space program, Military used open frequencies for communication? And detect it could only brothers CordiliaAnd technical experts of the expense of other states turned out to be absolutely incompetent? At the same time, the Italians listened to negotiations from the time of the flight of the Like. But here they shared information only in 2007, publishing their observation diary.

But what is curious how the Italians brothers say, the first flight into space made a dog husky, whose work of the heart they managed to fix. And indeed, they could not know that the Gypsies dogs were visited in space, Dezik, Zhulka, this information in mind the absence of any importance was not distributed. And the brothers could not know about it. So, everything else can be considered fiction.

And the repetition of the known cases of the death of astronauts, in terms of concealing space secrets "to Gagarin" flights, interests are not well known.

The Space History of America is remembered. After all, as it is found in the press, in Germany, in 1945, a piloted launch of the rocket was carried out. This happened under the guidance of the famous inventor Fau, Dr. Bruun. Allegedly the last version of the FAu-2 rocket was a full-fledged spacecraft. On him, one of the pilots went to outer space. And he subsequently landed safely.

Another concent story tells as in the mid-80s, in coastal waters near Miami, sometimes the Canary Islands are mentioned, the spacecraft falls. Arrived to the place of leading the police freeze, there are three people in front of them, dressed in german form. And they confirm - yes they are the pilots of the Great Germany. And they were launched in orbit in the 45th year. But due to the malfunction of the anabiosis chamber, their sleep lasted for more time.

Thus, they also claim the role of the first cosmonauts. However, in reality, it is necessary to pay attention to one fact, and then all these history bears easier than soap bubble. Dr. Brown, passed on the US side, and took part in the space race against the Soviet Union. Then why, the inventor who has already sent astronauts into orbit, not yet one ten years old is painfully working on the creation of a pilotable ship. The answer is simple, there was no necessary technologies, and all the stories of fiction.
***
Of course, unsuccessful launches of Soviet spacecraft were. And with unsuccessful launches a lot of astronauts died. But no one hid their names. Another thing is that this has been said little, but this is a completely different story.

Some achievements of space technology are interesting and for use in everyday life, so to speak in civilian. For example, a cosmic costume "Penguin", designed to combat astronauts with weightlessness, was subsequently applied to cure from cerebral paralysis.

Another space development is "bifidum-bacterin", stepped on store shelves. Initially, it was developed for astronauts as a prophylactic dysbacteriosis.

On April 12, 1961, the world was shocked by the report that Soviet Union Made the first flight into space. The first East spacecraft with a man on board, piloted by Yuri Aleskeevich Gagarin, was bred in orbit around the Earth.

This date has entered the history of mankind forever. 108 minutes lasted the first space flight. Nowadays, when multi-month expeditions are performed on orbital space stations, it seems very short. But each of these minutes was the discovery of an unknown.

Yuri Gagarin's flight proved that a person can live and work in space. So appeared on the ground a new profession - cosmonaut. In this article, we share with you little-known facts about the first flight into space.

Mystery of Soviet cosmonautics. Three astronauts died to Gagarin

Cosmos veterans say that the Triumphal Soviet Space Program, whose culmination was the first flight of Yuri Gagarin into space, was overshadowed by several tragedies that were kept secret from Russians and the whole world.

Former Chief Engineer of the Experimental Design Bureau Number 456 of Khimki Mikhail Rudenko said that three first victims were pilot tests that flew into the outer layers of the atmosphere in parabolic trajectories - this means that they flew up, and then they collapsed down and do not swim Earth.

"All three died during flights, but their names were not made public."

- said Rudenko. He informed the names of the dead: Ice, Shaborin and Mitkov died in 1957, 1958 and 1959. According to Rudenko, the death of test pilots forced the Soviet leadership to create special school Preparation of cosmos pioneers. "They decided to prepare more serious attention and create a special state of cosmonauts," he said.

And this is not clear that the tragedies took place not only in space, but also on Earth: during one of the training directly in Surrotamera (experimental chamber with low gravity), Valentin Bondarenko was killed - the youngest candidate for astronauts. Irina Ponomareva, Space expert of the Institute of Biology and Medicine Problems, participating on the space program since 1959, says - "We tried to create the conditions with which the cosmonaut will face orbit, but in the chamber there was a fire, it was impossible to save Bondarenko. This is the only thing I remember. "

The first flights into space. Running animals

It must be said that the squirrel with the arrow and Yuri Gagarin, far from the first living beings who conquered the territory of weightlessness. Before that, there was a dog husky, whose flight was preparing for 10 years and ended sadly - she died. Fly in space and turtles, mice, monkeys. The brightest flights, and there were only three of them, made a dog nicknamed Zhulka. Twice it started on high-rise rockets, the third - on the ship, which was not so perfect and gave technical failures. The ship could not achieve orbit, and it was considered to destroy it. But again there are malfunctions in the system, and the ship before the term returns home fall. A satellite was discovered in Siberia. No one hoped for a successful outcome of the search, not to mention the dog. But having survived a terrible accident, hunger and thirst, Zhulka saved and lived for another 14 years after the fall.

On September 23, 1959, the rocket exploded right at the start, on board which there were dogs and ladies. On December 1, the launch was more successful: the dogs of the bee and the fly safely moved the launch, but due to the fact that the trajectory of the descent at the end of the flight was too cool, the ship burned down with animals located in it

Usually they sent a mongrel into space, because the thoroughbred dogs are too nervous

- Says Vladimir Gubarev, a scientific journalist who covered 50 space flights.

Three reports on the first flight in space

Shortly before flight to space, three predar appeals "First Cosmonaut K soviet people" The first was recorded by Yuri Gagarin, and two more - His doublers by Herman Titov and Gregory Nelyubov. Interestingly, three texts of the TASS message were also harvested about the first flight of a person in space:
- in case of successful flight
- in case of the disappearance of the astronaut and the need to organize its search
- In case of disaster.
All three messages were sealed in special envelopes at numbers 1, 2, 3 and sent to radio, television and TASS.
The media received a clear indication of April 12, 1961 to open only the envelope, the number of which will be indicated from the Kremlin, and the remaining messages to destroy immediately.

Poems at the first flight in space

Yuri Gagarin in one of the numerous interviews recognized that during the flight to space he recalled the poems of the beloved poet of Sergey Yesenin. During a meeting with cultural figures, which took place a week after the world's first space flight, Gagarin on the book with verses of the beloved poet left such an entry:

"I love the poems of Sergey Yesenin and respect him, as a person who loving Russia-mother"

This unique book is located in the center of the exposition "About Russia, waving wings! .." in the Moscow State Museum S.A. Jeshenina.

Audio record, transcript of first flight

Talk Gagarin and Queen during the first flight to space. Transcript abbreviated.

58 years ago, April 12, 1961, Yuri Gagarin became the first in the history of mankind of a cosmonaut, which implemented the simply wallet around the Earth on the ship "East-1".

Yuri Gagarin - the first cosmonaut in the world

The start of the launch vehicle with the East spacecraft on board was produced from the Baikonur cosmodrome at 9 o'clock 7 minutes. Preparation for the start took place in normal mode. The only problem, found already at the time of checking the tightness of the hatch, through which Gagarin was sitting into the ship - poor fitting of the lid. In the shortest possible time, the leading constructor of the spacecraft (Oleg Henrikhovich Ivanovsky) unscrewed 30 nuts from the castles and corrected the electrical contact, which was on the place of climbing the cover.

Quote from the Gagarin report after flight

"... Luke number was closed 1. I heard it closed, as knocking on the keys. Then they start to open the hatch again. I look, the hatch was removed. I understood something wrong. I am Sergey Pavlovich [Korolev] says: "You do not worry, one contact for some reason is not pressed. Everything will be OK". The calculation soon was the fee on which end switches are installed. All corrected and closed the hatch cover. Everything was fine".

Before finally, sitting in the spacecraft, Yuri Gagarin raised both hands and said goodbye to the sharpening spectators.

Gagarin before the start. RKK "Energy"

After the start of the Vostok carrier launch, it worked in the right mode, however, the engines of the third stage turned off later than the necessary, and the apparatus was derived to an unscrupulous orbit, which later led to landing in an unsurrent area.

During the flight, Yuri Gagarin tested the simplest tasks: he ate, drank water, recorded his observations with a pencil. In addition, he fixed all his feelings with an onboard tape recorder.

Quote from the Gagarin report after flight

"Reports carried out in accordance with the task in the telegraph and telephone modes. Received water and food. Water and food accepted normally, you can take. I did not feel any physiological difficulty. The sense of weightlessness is somewhat unusual compared to earthly conditions. There is a feeling here as if you hang in a horizontal position on the belts, as if you are in suspender. Apparently, the fitted tightly suspension system puts pressure on the chest, and therefore it seems that you hang. Then you get used to, adapt to this. There were no bad feelings.

I made entries in Logbook, reports, worked as a telegraph key. When I took food, drank water, put the tablet, and he with a pencil "floated" in front of me. Then I had to record the next report. He took the tablet, and the pencil was not in place. Flew somewhere. Ushko was brought to a pencil a veil, but it was apparently necessary to put it or fasten to the glue. This screw is turned around, and the pencil flew away. Rolled the logbook and put in his pocket. Anyway it is not useful, nothing is written. "

At 9:57 the ship was above South AmericaWhen Yuri Gagarin reported to Earth: "Flight goes fine, I feel good." After 23 minutes, the "East" flew over Africa, then the major handed over that he transfers weightlessness well. After 10 minutes, the ship began braking.

Layout of the ship "East-1". Pline | Wikimedia Commons

It is noteworthy that the ship was on automatic control, as the developers did not know how the pilot's psyche react in space. However, a special code that allows you to translate the device into manual mode, existed and was in a special envelope, which was necessary to open if necessary in space. True, before the start of Gagarina, he was still reported.

Cabin ship "East". Jiete Ran.

At the very end of the flight, the ship's control system has not spare impulse, the compartments were not divided into normal order, and before entering the atmosphere, the device became randomly spinning at a speed of one turn per second. In the more dense layers of the atmosphere, the instrument and motor compartment was still able to separate from the descent apparatus.

Gagarin before the start. Roscosmos

According to the plan, Gagarin catapulted at an altitude of seven kilometers and descended on the parachute. Already after landing, the valve did not work on the scaffle, which launches the outer air, and the astronaut almost suffocated.

Quote from the Gagarin report after the flight "It was difficult to with the opening of the breathing valve in the air. It turned out that the ball of the valve, when dressed, got under the demasking shell. The suspension system was all that finished that I could not get it for about 6 minutes. Then he unzipped the demasking shell and with the help of the mirror pulled the cable and opened the valve normally. "

Thanks to excellent training, Yuri Gagarin managed to land not in ice water, but on the bank of the Volga River in the Saratov region, near the city of Engels. Since the cosmonaut landed in an unplanned locality, the first people he met, the spouse of the local forester and her little granddaughter. Only then to the place of landing the military arrived, who took Gagarin to the location of the part.

Quote from the Gagarin report after the flight "came out on the hillock, I watch a woman with a girl go to me. Approximately meters 800 she was from me. I went to meet, going to ask where the phone. I go to her, I look, the woman slows down the steps, the girl is separated from her and goes back. I started to wave my hands here and shout: "His, your own, Soviet, do not be afraid, do not be afraid, go here."

On the phone, the hero reported: "I ask you to transfer the Commander of the Air Force: the task has completed, landed in a given area, I feel good, bruises and breakdowns are not. Gagarin. "

The duration of the first in the history of the flight to space was 108 minutes.

In 2011, a full-length film with original video and audio recordings of the East-1 mission was filmed about the flight of Yuri Gagarin.

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