\u003e Works on the work of Yushka

Kindness

In his story, "Yushka" Andrei Platonov touched one of the most relevant at all times of socio-moral topics - the topic of good and mercy. The main character of the work - a man of years old, which has an unusually sincere and pure heart, is early-constituted due to illness. Jushka looks extended due to consumers. Forwarding your ailment, it works day after day on a blacksmith, helping the owner.

Many residents on this street are mocked over him and often insult, but he always remains invariably good. Their stiffness in their address, and sometimes even physical aggression he perceives calmly, calling it a kind of love and gratitude to his address. His good view of the world remains incomprehensible. Perhaps only after his death some understood that he meant. After all, there was no Yushka and anger is not on com. Therefore, people began to swear more often.

Surprisingly, adults were not particularly different from the inconspicuous children. They, too, in turn, could be reduced seriously to a sick person, push him. Actually, the poor fellow died. Stumbled upon one drank Grubian, for the first time in his life, Yushka could not stand insult to his address, and responded with pride. And he took and pushed him into the sore breast, writing to the ground. Mashed experience, the author knew exactly that kindness does not die, even if the good man did not.

Yushkino heritage remained to live in a Sydote girl, which he always helped materially to learn to the doctor. This girl became the successor of his kindness. After the death of Yushka, she came to the city and remained there to be treated for free patients and everyone who needed her help. Nothing could turn the good heart of the hero in the stone, so nothing could stop his kindness.

The whole life of Yushka was held in the work. He worked all day, overcoming pain and difficulties. In the family of a blacksmith, it was not bad for him. He could live from the owner, and eat, but he always postponed the money-earned money to pay for the training of orphans, the existence of which no one knew. The people rumored that he had a daughter, the same poor, unhappy as he himself. It turned out that the "reception daughter" and, in fact, the same kind and responsive as he.

1) Features of the genre. The work of A. Platonova "Yushka" refers to the genre of the story.

2) Themes and the problematics of the story. The main topic of the story A. Platonova "Yushka" is the topic of mercy, compassion. Andrei Platonov in his works creates a special world, which amazes us, fascinates or leads to bewilderment, but always makes deep thinking deeply. Writer reveals the beauty and greatness, kindness and openness ordinary peoplewhich are able to transfer unbearable, survive in the conditions in which to survive seemingly impossible. Such people, according to the author, can transform the world. Such an extraordinary person appears to us by the hero of the story "Yushka".

3) the basic idea of \u200b\u200bthe story. The main idea of \u200b\u200bthe artistic work is the expression of the author's attitude to the depicted, its correlation of this image with the ideals of life approved or denied writer. Platonov argues in his story the idea of \u200b\u200bthe importance of love and good, coming from person to man. He seeks to embody the principle taken from the children's fairy tales: no impossible, everything is possible. The author himself said: "We must love that universe, which can be in, not the one that is. Impossible - the bride of mankind, and our souls fly to the impossible ... "Unfortunately, not always good 'wins in life. But good, love, according to Platonov, do not dry, do not leave the world with the death of man. After the death of Yushki passed years. In the city a long time forgot him. But Yushni raised to his small funds, refusing to himself in everything, the Syrota, who, learned, became a doctor and helped people. Doctor is called the daughter of the good Yushka.

4) Characteristics of the heroes of the story.

The image of the Yushka. The main character Story - Yushka. Good and hearty Yushni has a rare gift of love. This love is truly holy and clean: "He was leaning toward the land and kissed flowers, trying not to breathe on them, so that they would not spoil from his breath, he stroked his bark on the trees and raised with the paths of butterflies and beetles who fell dead, and had a long time In their face, feeling without them orphaned. " Immersing in the world of nature, inhaling the fragrance of forests and herbs, it rests the soul and even ceases to feel his own illness (poor Jushnaya suffer from consuming). He sincerely loves people, especially one orphan, which he learned, learned in Moscow, refusing to himself in everything: he never drank tea, did not eat sugar, "so that she eaten." Every year he drives a girl, brings money for the whole year so that she could live and learn. He loves her most in the world, and she probably is the only one of all people, answers him "all warm and the light of his heart." Dostoevsky wrote: "Man is a mystery." The jushia in his "naked" simplicity seems to be frankly understandable. But his dissimilarity is annoying not only adults, but also children, and also leads to him with a blind heart. " All the life of the unfortunate juice all beat, insult and offend. Children and adults sweep over a shouthing, reproach him "for unrequited nonsense." However, he never manifests the malice to people, never responds to insults. Children throw stones and dirt in him, pushing him, without understanding why he does not scold them, he does not chase them with a twig as other adults. On the contrary, when it happened very painfully, this strange person said: "What are you, my relatives, what are you, small! .. You must have love me? .. Why do you need everyone? .." Naive Yushka sees In continuous mockery of people, the perverted form of love for themselves: "Me, Dasha, people love!" - He says the master's daughter. Before us is old on the sight of a man, weak, patient. "He was slightly tall and Hood; On a crumpled face, it was grew separately with rare gray hair instead of mustache and beard; The eyes were white, like a blind man, and there was always moisture in them, like not cooling tears. " For many years we carry out without shifts the same clothes resembling a rubbish. And his table is modest: he did not drink tea and the sugar did not buy. He is a girlfriend assistant at the main blacksmith, performs work imperceptible to an extraneous eye, although necessary. He first goes in the morning in the forge and (the latter leaves, so the old men and the old women have the beginning of the beginning and the end of the day. But in the eyes of adults, fathers and mothers, Yushka - a man is flawed, who does not know how to live, abandoned, that's why they remember him. , swearing children: they say, you will be like a Jushka. In addition, every year of the shipyard goes somewhere on the 'month and then returns. Having left away from people, Jushia is transformed. He will open the world: the fragrance of herbs, the voice of rivers, the singing of birds, merry dragonfly, beetles, grasshoppers - lives in one breath, one lively joy with this world. We see Jushia cheerful and happy. And Yushnaya dies due to the fact that his principal feeling and conviction is insulted in the fact that every person "on need" is equal to another. Only after his death it turns out that he was still right in his beliefs: he really was needed by people.

The image of the adoptive daughter of the Yushki. Having become a doctor, the girl came to town to cure a jewish from tormented his illness. But, unfortunately, it was too late. Not having successful to save his reception father, the girl still remains to spread the feelings lit in her soul with unfortunate yurodiv, - his hearty warmth and kindness. She stays to "treat and console sick people, not tired thicken! suffering and remove death from weakened. "

The story "Yushka" was written Platonov In the first half of the 30s, and published only after the death of the writer, in 1966, in the "Favorites".

Literary direction and genre

"Yushka" is a story revealing on several pages the image of the thoughts of the population of a whole town and the mentality of a person as such.

In the work of an unexpected end associated with the arrival of the orphan city learned to the doctor. This ending makes a story look like a novel. There is in the work and similarity with the parable, if you perceive the ending as a morality showing true charity.

Topic, main idea and problem

The topic of the story is the nature of good and evil, mercy and cruelty, the beauty of the human soul. The main idea can be expressed immediately by several biblical truths: we need to create a good one; Human hearts of Lukava and are extremely spoiled, so people do not know what they are doing; You need to love your neighbor, like yourself. The story of the story is also associated with morality. Platonov raises the problem of prosecuting, contempt and cruelty to unlike all. One of the most important problems is the moral dead of the heroes, the opposed moral liveliness of the Yushki, although the children doubt just in his lively.

Plot and composition

The story of the story happens "in the old time." Such a reference to the past makes the story of almost a fairy tale starting from the words "in some kingdom there were lived." That is, the hero of the story is immediately represented as a universal timeless hero, in which the moral landmarks of humanity are embodied.

Assistant Kuzneza Yushka, over which all residents of the city laugh as a meekly and unrequited, every summer leaves for a month. According to him, then to the niece, then to another relative in the village or to Moscow. That year, when Yushka did not go anywhere, feeling very bad, he died, shot down from the feet the next mockery.

In the fall in the city there was an orphan, which Jushno fed all his life and taught. The girl came to cure her benefactor from tuberculosis. She stayed in the city and has devoted selfless help to the patient.

Heroes

The story is named by the name of the main character. Yushka is not a nickname, as many readers think, and the diminitious name, which in the Voronezh province was formed from the Yuzhrusus version of the Yefim - Yuhim. But the word yushka. In the same South Russian dialect means liquid food like a soup, generally liquid and even blood. Thus, the name of the hero is like saying. It hints at the hero's ability to adapt to the hard evil peace, as the water adapts to the form of the vessel. And also the name is a hint of the death of the hero, who deceased from the opening bleeding, is obviously provoked by a blow to the chest.

Yushka - Assistant Kuznez. Now a person who performs such work, "which had to be done," would be called inherring. Its age is defined as "old on appearance." Only in the middle of the story, the reader finds out that Yushka was 40 years old, and he was weak and old ones due to illness.

The story turned out to be prophetic and for Platonov himself, who died of tuberculosis, infected from his son in 15 years and released after 2.5 years already seriously ill.

In the portrait of the Yushka, his thinness and low growth are underlined. Especially highlighted eyes, whites, like a blind man, with constantly tears that stand in them. This image is not accidental: Yushka sees the world does not like it in fact. He does not notice the evil, considering it by manifestation of love, and as if the ever cries about the needs of others.

Yushka is similar to the blissful, which Russian people were represented. The only difference is that blessed was not accepted to offend. But the Jushki humiliate and beat, calling not blissful, and blessed, unlike, animals, God's chucks, Yerrodish. And they demand that the Jushno looks like them, lived like everything.

Yushka considers all people equal "on need." He accidentally kills a fellow villagers just because he dares to equose himself with him.

The hero is correlated even with Christ, who suffered for the people, preteraging torment. When Roman soldiers were killed over Christ, he was silent, not explaining anything to them. But even more like the Jushnaya Hero of Roman Bulgakov, written by a little later, "Yushka", in 1937 Yeshua, unlike biblical Jesus, actively justifies offenders, calling their good people. So, Jushia calls offending his children with their own, small.

Yushka believes that he needs both children and adults. It would seem that he mistakenly concludes that children and adults need him because they love him. But after years it becomes clear that he really loved, just without knowing how to express her love, no need for him. Namely, I thought Yushka, who was offended.

Like many blessed, Yushka costs small. Its tiny income (seven rubles and sixty kopecks per month) Yushka does not spend on tea and sugar, pleaseing the simple free eartle of the blacksmith - bread, sch) and porridge. The same as simple and clothing of the Yushka, which for all the years as if it does not wear out, remaining uniformly dilapidated and holey, but fulfilling its purpose.

People offended Jushni because in the hearts of people "Line rage", "Evil Mountain and Resentment". The meekness of the Yushka is opposed to the aggression of people provoked by their grief, whose culprit everyone considers Yushka.

To Yushka Dovasha, daughter Kuznez. She is trying to explain to Yushka that no one loves him that his life is in vain. But Jushka knows why he lives: according to the will of his parents and for the purpose of which he does not speak anyone, as well as his love for everything else.

Yushka does not need people as they are in it, but, going into deserted places, Yushka experienced unity with nature. He felt orphaned even from the death of the beetle or bug. It was the living nature that healed the hero, giving him strength.

After death, Yushka shares the fate of many of the oborudy and saints. Founding his corpse, the joiner immediately asks for forgiveness: "People rejected you". All the people came to say goodbye. But then Jushia forgot, how to forget the usual people, and the oborudy, and saints. Lonely Jushnaya turned out to be a benefactor, giving the people the one that began to take care of him - an arrow-tedder, who had learned to his money became a doctor. It is called the daughter of a good Yushka, not remembering him.

Features style

The story has traditional motives for Platonov. One of them is the motive of death. Children doubt that Yushka is alive, because he does not answer evil on their evil.

The landscape in the story reveals the source of the hero's soul forces. Unlike people drawing energy from the pleasure of offend the weak, the Yushnaya weak supported and perceived himself as part of nature. Strange Platonic Expression "Faces of Zhukov", occurring in other works, shows that the nature of Yushka perceived as equal to himself, humanitating her.

Platonov creates a convincing image of happiness, which happens to people in spite of their evil actions. The life of the writer was largely like his hero's life: heavy ungrateful work, in which he put the soul, and premature death from illness.

I am a poet. This is interesting. About it

And write. On the rest - only if

It was a word.

V.V. Mayakovsky. I myself.

"In his rows of the abyss of poetic electricity ..." So, begins his article about Mayakovsky poet Vladimir Kornilov and, as if he was slightly, addressed, adds: "... but another thing - to which he connected this electricity." This question is not uncommon, but to answer him, you must first understand, "how, when, where the" Mayakovsky is revealed.

Creativity V.V. Mayakovsky can be divided into two periods: pre-revolutionary (1912-1917), and the post-Betyabrsky (1917-1930). The beginning of his path in the literature was associated with a group of Cubal fell, claiming in their work, the revolutionality of forms, the refusal to poetic traditions, Freedom of art from content and ideas. The appeal of futurists - "Throw Pushkin, Dostoevsky, Tolstoy and other classics from a steamot of modernity" - Mayakovsky fully divided. The meaning of this slogan was that, remaining within the boundaries of the old, developed and legalized by the classics of artistic means, it is impossible to reflect, capture the rapidly changing new reality. These were the search for new artistic forms, a new aesthetics. It was austhetic riot, and his imprint carry many early poems. However, Mayakovsky genius does not fit entirely into the framework of futuristic theory and practice.

It can be argued that the poetry of the early Mayakovsky is associated with the aesthetics of neorealism, generated not only by the reality of reality, but also by the desire to transform it. The concept of a romantic person is embodied in the fact that the image of the lyrical hero becomes the central and determining the unity of the entire system of world viewing.

Early Mayakovsky inherent in the spirit of the denial of modern life, hostile to the poet of the world. The denial of him acquires absolute, cosmic character, it is a protest against the entire world order.

Mood early poems allow you to spend about the bold and original poetic palette of the author. These are verbal sketches from nature, which determine the contours of the picture, the content of which should draw our fanzer.

Searches for funds artistic expressiveness The novice poet was extremely effective. The works of the poet are peculiar to lyric expression, wealth associative connections and visual-auditory sensations. The multiple of the lyrical "I" is manifested in shaped attentive and theatricalization of situations. The film and the unexpected change of lyrical masks allow you to speak about the call of the lyrical hero, teasing irony, and occasionally and about self-treatment. Mayakovsky, presenting well-known things in the paradoxic light, relationships and details, barely not in every poem throws a polemical challenge to literary canons.

The culmination motive of the first poems of V. Mayakovsky is becoming an uprising man against the disharmony of being. Criticism of modernity is united with despair sentiments, feeling in an inevitable death. The author metaphorically rethinks biblical images, its lyrical hero is compared with a crucified Christ. Hyperbolization of the figure of the lyrical hero is feature Early creativity. Free and no regulated self-declaration of personality, distinguishing many artworks of Mayakovsky, focused on a new type of consciousness arising at the beginning of the 20th century. The behavior of the lyrical character of Mayakovsky provocative. His lyrical hero invades the world of sensible people, the next logic of the obvious, demonstratively not wanting to conduct well-established norms and customs

In the post-beater days, the nature of Mayakovsky's poetry, which perceived revolutionary changes as an incarnation of the aspirations and expectations of history is not clearly changing. In this position, you should not detect the desire to sing the reality, poeticize chaos. The moral and ideological position of the poet was based, as in many contemporaries, at a sincere faith in the triumph of the ideas of goodness, which are connected, was to bring social changes. Many themes and motives of poetry receive a new direction, the pathos of works becomes more rigid and journalistic, life-affirming motives are increasing. Story about the tragedy of the animal in the poem " Good relationship The optimistic ending contrasting many pre-revolutionary poems is completed with the horses.