(Option 1)

A.S. Pushkin appreciates Peter I for his ability to accept the right decision In 1828 A.S. Pushkin wrote the poem "Poltava", in which, together with a love, romantic plot, he brought out a historical storyline associated with the socio-political problems of Russia in Peter's time. The work appears historical figures of that time: Peter I, Karl XII, Kochubei, Mazepa. The poet characterizes each of these heroes as an independent personality. A.S. Pushkin is primarily interested in the behavior of the heroes during the battle of Poltava, a turning point for Russia.

Comparing the two main participants Poltava battle Peter I and Charles XII, the poet pays special attention to the role that two great commanders played in the battle. The appearance of the Russian tsar before the decisive battle is beautiful, he is all in motion, in the sense of the upcoming event, he is the action itself:

... Peter comes out. His eyes

Shine. His face is terrible.

He's all like a storm of God.

By his personal example, Peter inspires Russian soldiers, he feels his involvement in a common cause, therefore, when characterizing the hero A.S. Pushkin uses verbs of movement:

And he raced before the shelves,

Mighty and joyful as a fight.

He devoured the field with his eyes ...

The complete opposite of Peter is represented by the Swedish king - Charles XII, depicting only a semblance of a commander:

Carried by faithful servants,

In a rocking chair, pale, motionless,

Suffering from a wound, Karl appeared.

All the behavior of the Swedish king speaks of his bewilderment, embarrassment before the battle, Karl does not believe in victory, does not believe in the power of example:

Suddenly a weak mania of the hand

On the Russians he moved the shelves.

The outcome of the battle is predetermined by the behavior of the commanders. Describing two military leaders in the poem "Poltava", A.S. Pushkin characterizes two types of commanders: the phlegmatic, caring only about his own benefit of the Swedish king - Charles XII and the most important participant in the events, ready for the decisive battle, and later the main winner of the Battle of Poltava - the Russian Tsar Peter the Great. Here A.S. Pushkin appreciates Peter I for his military victories, for his ability to make the only right decision at a difficult moment for Russia.

(Option 2)

The images of the two emperors in the poem "Poltava" are opposed to each other. Peter and Karl have already met:

Harsh was in the science of glory

She was given a teacher: not one

An unexpected and bloody lesson

Asked her by a Swedish paladin.

But everything has changed, and with anxiety and anger he sees Charles XII

The clouds are not upset

Unhappy fugitives from Narva,

And the thread of the shelves is shiny, slender,

Obedient, fast and calm.

In addition to the author, both emperors are characterized by Mazepa, and if A.S. Pushkin describes Peter and Karl during and after the battle, then Mazepa recalls their past and prophesies their future. Peter, in order not to make an enemy for himself, did not have to humiliate his dignity, pulling Mazepa by the mustache. Karl Mazepa calls a "brisk and brave boy", lists well-known facts from the life of the Swedish emperor ("gallop to the enemy for dinner", "answer the bomb with laughter", "exchange a wound for a wound"), and yet "it is not for him to fight autocratic giant ". "Autocratic giant" - Peter, leading Russian troops into battle. The characterization given to Karl Mazepa would be more suitable for a young man than for an eminent commander: “He is blind, stubborn, impatient, // And frivolous and arrogant ...”, “a warlike vagabond”. The main mistake of the Swedish emperor, from the point of view of Mazepa, is that he underestimates the enemy, "the enemy's new forces only measure the success of the past."

Pushkin's Karl is still "mighty", "brave", but then "a battle broke out" and the two giants collided. Peter comes out of the tent "surrounded by a crowd of favorites", his voice is resounding.

… His eyes

Shine. His face is terrible.

The movements are fast. He is beautiful,

He's all like a storm of God.

Goes on. His horse is brought down.

Zealous and humble a faithful horse.

Feeling the fatal fire

Shivers. Eyes obliquely

And rushes in the ashes of battle,

Proud of a mighty rider.

How unlike the heroic portrait of Peter before the battle, the description of Karl.

Carried by faithful servants,

In a rocking chair, pale, motionless,

Suffering from a wound, Karl appeared.

The hero's leaders followed him.

He quietly plunged into thought.

The confused gaze depicted

Extraordinary excitement.

Karla seemed to be leading

A welcome fight in bewilderment ...

Suddenly a weak mania of the hand

On the Russians he moved the shelves.

Only the last two lines, breaking the picture, the rhythm, speak of how dangerous and unpredictable this person is, how much strength and threat is hidden in Karl. Peter is powerful and joyful, Karl is pale and motionless, but both in anticipation of a fight. Next to the Russian emperor "chicks of Petrov's nest", with the Swedish one - "the leaders of the hero." During the battle, everything was mixed: "Swede, Russian - pricks, chops, cuts." The leaders, who started the battle so differently, behave the same way in the heat of battle: "Amid anxiety and excitement // At the battle with a glance of inspiration // Calm leaders look, // Military movements are watching ...". But the moment of victory is already close, and the Swedes are broken.

Peter is feasting. And proud and clear

And his gaze is full of glory.

And his royal feast is beautiful.

At the clicks of his army,

In his tent he treats

Their leaders, foreign leaders,

And caresses the glorious captives,

And for their teachers

The healthy cup raises.

One of Peter's teachers was Charles XII. Where is he? How does a teacher who is defeated by his student react?

The danger is near and the anger

Grants strength to the king.

He has his grievous wound

Forgot. Drooping head,

He rides, we drive the Russians ...

“A hundred years have passed,” but are these strong and proud men remembered? "In the citizenship of the northern state, // In its warlike fate, // ... you erected, the hero of Poltava, // A huge monument to yourself." And Karl?

Three recessed in the ground

And the moss-covered steps

They talk about the Swedish king.

The heroes of Narva and Poltava could tell a lot about glory and defeat, poets will tell, read and remember many generations of readers.

The image of Peter I interested, carried away Pushkin all his life. Peter I is a commander, a patriot of his Fatherland, a decisive, impetuous, ideal military leader. Peter I acted in the name of the interests of peace and unity within the country and its strengthening as a great power. Peter is a hero. Beauty, strength, greatness, power are inherent in him. "And he raced before the regiments, mighty and joyful as a battle ...". In the poem "Poltava" the image of Peter is perceived as a demigod, the ruler of the historical destinies of Russia. Here is how Peter's appearance on the battlefield is described: “It was then that the inspirational voice of Peter resounded from above ...” The combination of the terrible and the beautiful in the image of Peter emphasizes his superhuman features: he both admires and inspires horror with his greatness to ordinary people. His mere appearance inspired the army, brought them closer to victory. Wonderful, harmonious is this sovereign, who defeated Karl and was not proud of his luck, who knows how to treat his victory so royally: "In his tent, he treats His leaders, foreign leaders, And caresses glorious captives, And raises a Zadravny cup for his teachers." The significance of the role of Peter the Great in the poem confirms
epilogue. One hundred years after Battle of Poltava there was nothing left “of these strong, proud men ...”. Only history remains - a huge monument to Peter the Great. The monument is the main thing in the epilogue,
the main thing left after the battle. Therefore, Peter the Great becomes, one might say, an ideal hero.
The image of Peter in the poem is contrasted with the image of another commander Karl 12.
The poet is also accurate in his portrayal of Karl. The young king was a warrior by vocation. With his immense thirst for battle and courage, his personal example, he inspired his warriors. They believed in him and worshiped him.
It was a soldier king who lived only in army, war, campaigns. He simply did not have any personal life in the proper sense of the word.
Pushkin does not hide his personal courage, but he is waging a war of conquest, he has no progressive goals, he acts from ambitious considerations. This is how Karl describes in Mazepa's poem: "he is blind, stubborn, impatient, and frivolous and arrogant." His defeat is predetermined, and Karl himself feels it. : “It seemed that Karla was bewildering the Desired Battle ...” the highest degree military glory and greatness, wounded and tormented by grief and vexation, Karl crossed the Dnieper with Mazepa and a small retinue, and sought refuge in the Turkish Empire. But even there he did not find support. The epilogue of "Poltava" brings together the entire content of the poem:
A hundred years have passed - and what is left
From these strong, proud husbands,
Passions so full of will?
Their generation has passed -
And with him the bloody trail disappeared
Efforts, disasters and victories.
The triumph of Peter's deed is embodied in historical destiny Russia, in whose name he worked; the memory of Charles XII is inextricably linked with the memory of his infamy.

(Option 1)

A.S. Pushkin appreciates Peter I for his ability to make the right decision. In 1828 A.S. Pushkin wrote the poem "Poltava", in which, together with a love, romantic plot, he brought out a historical plot line connected with the socio-political problems of Russia in Peter's time. Historical figures of that time appear in the work: Peter I, Karl XII, Kochubei, Mazepa. The poet characterizes each of these heroes as an independent personality. A.S. Pushkin is primarily interested in the behavior of the heroes during the battle of Poltava, a turning point for Russia.

Comparing the two main participants in the Battle of Poltava, Peter I and Charles XII, the poet pays special attention to the role that the two great commanders played in the battle. The appearance of the Russian tsar before the decisive battle is beautiful, he is all in motion, in the sense of the upcoming event, he is the action itself:

... Peter comes out. His eyes

Shine. His face is terrible.

He's all like a storm of God.

By his personal example, Peter inspires Russian soldiers, he feels his involvement in a common cause, therefore, when characterizing the hero A.S. Pushkin uses verbs of movement:

And he raced before the shelves,

Mighty and joyful as a fight.

He devoured the field with his eyes ...

The complete opposite of Peter is represented by the Swedish king - Charles XII, depicting only a semblance of a commander:

Carried by faithful servants,

In a rocking chair, pale, motionless,

Suffering from a wound, Karl appeared.

All the behavior of the Swedish king speaks of his bewilderment, embarrassment before the battle, Karl does not believe in victory, does not believe in the power of example:

Suddenly a weak mania of the hand

On the Russians he moved the shelves.

The outcome of the battle is predetermined by the behavior of the commanders. Describing two military leaders in the poem "Poltava", A.S. Pushkin characterizes two types of commanders: the phlegmatic, caring only about his own benefit of the Swedish king - Charles XII and the most important participant in the events, ready for the decisive battle, and later the main winner of the Battle of Poltava - the Russian Tsar Peter the Great. Here A.S. Pushkin appreciates Peter I for his military victories, for his ability to make the only right decision at a difficult moment for Russia.

(Option 2)

The images of the two emperors in the poem "Poltava" are opposed to each other. Peter and Karl have already met:

Harsh was in the science of glory

She was given a teacher: not one

An unexpected and bloody lesson

Asked her by a Swedish paladin.

But everything has changed, and with anxiety and anger he sees Charles XII

The clouds are not upset

Unhappy fugitives from Narva,

And the thread of the shelves is shiny, slender,

Obedient, fast and calm.

In addition to the author, both emperors are characterized by Mazepa, and if A.S. Pushkin describes Peter and Karl during and after the battle, then Mazepa recalls their past and prophesies their future. Peter, in order not to make an enemy for himself, did not have to humiliate his dignity, pulling Mazepa by the mustache. Karl Mazepa calls a "brisk and brave boy", lists well-known facts from the life of the Swedish emperor ("gallop to the enemy for dinner", "answer the bomb with laughter", "exchange a wound for a wound"), and yet "it is not for him to fight autocratic giant ". "Autocratic giant" - Peter, leading Russian troops into battle. The characterization given to Karl Mazepa would be more suitable for a young man than for an eminent commander: “He is blind, stubborn, impatient, // And frivolous and arrogant ...”, “a warlike vagabond”. The main mistake of the Swedish emperor, from the point of view of Mazepa, is that he underestimates the enemy, "the enemy's new forces only measure the success of the past."

Pushkin's Karl is still "mighty", "brave", but then "a battle broke out" and the two giants collided. Peter comes out of the tent "surrounded by a crowd of favorites", his voice is resounding.

… His eyes

Shine. His face is terrible.

The movements are fast. He is beautiful,

He's all like a storm of God.

Goes on. His horse is brought down.

Zealous and humble a faithful horse.

Feeling the fatal fire

Shivers. Eyes obliquely

And rushes in the ashes of battle,

Proud of a mighty rider.

How unlike the heroic portrait of Peter before the battle, the description of Karl.

Carried by faithful servants,

In a rocking chair, pale, motionless,

Suffering from a wound, Karl appeared.

The hero's leaders followed him.

He quietly plunged into thought.

The confused gaze depicted

Extraordinary excitement.

Karla seemed to be leading

A welcome fight in bewilderment ...

Suddenly a weak mania of the hand

On the Russians he moved the shelves.

Only the last two lines, breaking the picture, the rhythm, speak of how dangerous and unpredictable this person is, how much strength and threat is hidden in Karl. Peter is powerful and joyful, Karl is pale and motionless, but both in anticipation of a fight. Next to the Russian emperor "chicks of Petrov's nest", with the Swedish one - "the leaders of the hero." During the battle, everything was mixed: "Swede, Russian - pricks, chops, cuts." The leaders, who started the battle so differently, behave the same way in the heat of battle: "Amid anxiety and excitement // At the battle with a glance of inspiration // Calm leaders look, // Military movements are watching ...". But the moment of victory is already close, and the Swedes are broken.

Peter is feasting. And proud and clear

And his gaze is full of glory.

And his royal feast is beautiful.

At the clicks of his army,

In his tent he treats

Their leaders, foreign leaders,

And caresses the glorious captives,

And for their teachers

The healthy cup raises.

One of Peter's teachers was Charles XII. Where is he? How does a teacher who is defeated by his student react?

The danger is near and the anger

Grants strength to the king.

He has his grievous wound

Forgot. Drooping head,

He rides, we drive the Russians ...

“A hundred years have passed,” but are these strong and proud men remembered? "In the citizenship of the northern state, // In its warlike fate, // ... you erected, the hero of Poltava, // A huge monument to yourself." And Karl?

Three recessed in the ground

And the moss-covered steps

They talk about the Swedish king.

The heroes of Narva and Poltava could tell a lot about glory and defeat, poets will tell, read and remember many generations of readers.

Help answer questions about "Song of Roland" 1. What is described? 2. What does the poem call the enemies of the Franks? 3. How does Karl appear in the poem? 4. How is the defeat of the Franks shown in the poem?

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