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What is this very "Gogol Center" and his "director"? It was many times to say that silventhers are not a director, but the buddy of high-ranking officials like Kapkova, and a friendly one who is more closely "closely", closely), which have attached their boyfriend to a good place in MCAT and provided him with a press and place for earnings . Therefore, it is unacceptable to discuss the "productions" of Serebrennikov within the framework of the theater and in general, culture is neither one or the other. This is the entertainment of a low-cultural marginal under the cover of friends from the AP, the City Hall and Oligakhat, who provide their friend finance, platforms and a laudatory press. For consuming persuasiveness, for example, once authoritative persons, such as Tabakov's face, which is no longer the first year spoils himself a biography and ruins the classic MCAT, although on the slope of years it is customary to engage in the reverse process.

We'll see. "In the first year of existence, Gogol Center was funded at the level of the largest theaters of Moscow. According to Izvestia, immediately after the discovery, a subsidy in the amount of 228 million rubles was allocated, and about 40 million this year the theater earned tickets. For the first 9 months of 2014, the subsidy amounted to 89 million rubles. For comparison, the Vakhtangov Theater's annual budget is 270 million rubles, including the Presidential Grant, the Contempora Theater - about 250 million, the Satira Theater and the Mossove Theater - about 160 million rubles. - So generously, as a "Gogol Center", not a single Moscow Theater was not funded. Many teams did not dream of such funds that were at the disposal of the Kirill Serennikov theater, "says the director of the Wakhtangov Theater Kirill Krok. - Usually, on the contrary, they first appear good performances, and then money. Because for the appearance of the masterpiece, no one should allocate a million dollars. According to Kirill Krque, the "Gogol Center" team was issued "Full Card Blanche" "
fully
______________

and it was not necessary to squeeze and destroy .. and .. they said ...
will there be a thread? - After all, only 200 million is imputed - this is the question

upd.
nasytkovochka in the publication of RBC?
The search resolution includes another amount - 66.5 million rubles, which Serebrennikov allocated the Department of Culture of Moscow. In the document that is at the disposal of RBC, it is said that the contract signed Sophia Apfelbaum.
Now she is the director of the Russian Academic Youth Theater. Since 2006, the Apfelbaum worked at the Ministry of Culture, and from July 2012 to October 2014 he headed the Department of State Support Art.

Sofya Mikhailovna Apfelbaum did not work in the Department of Culture of Moscow. From the Ministry of Culture, she immediately went to the youth theater.
Contract on behalf of whom?

The Investigation Committee delayed the director of the Russian Academic Youth Theater (RAMT) Sophia Apfelbaum. According to Izvestia, the former financial officer of the Ministry of Culture is suspected of subtoping documents, thanks to which Ano "Seventh Studio" Kirill Serennikov received a state contract for 214 million rubles, of which at least 68 million were abducted. In the near future, the investigation intends to apply for her arrest.

In CC, it is believed that it was the Adfelbaum who gave his subordinate instructions to develop a technical task "under a specific participant" auction, where the item was made that the StateContract should have copyright or a license for the platform project. On August 18, 2011, the Tender Commission led by Apfelbaum recognized ANO "Seventh Studio" the winner of the auction.

According to the investigative committee, Sophia Apfelbaum made a representative of the State Transpirator - she signed a contract on behalf of the Customer, supplies from Ano "Seventh Studio" and spending reports budget fundsThat is, it was directly involved in the estimated embezzlement.

"The infelbaum fault in a large-scale fraud is confirmed by the testimony of witnesses, full-time protocols, the results of operational and search activities, withdrawn by financial documents and other evidence," said Official representative of Svetlana Petrenko.

Izvestia is invited to familiarize themselves with the prehistory of loud detention.

According to the statutory documents, supported by Sofia, the Platform "was a" starting project to introduce a new generation of authors and producers in the active field of Russian culture. "

"The amount of funds of the federal budget necessary for the financial support of the activities of ANO" Seventh Studio "for 2012-2014 is 70 million rubles annually," indicated in the documents of the Ministry of Culture

Money was divided into the main directions of the "platform". Most of the funds, 42.16 million rubles, went to support theatrical art (the creation and rental of performances, including joint Russian-foreign projects). The second cost of expenses (10 million rubles) provided projects in the field of choreographic art: the creation and rental of new performances, as well as the tour of theaters. 9.38 million rubles were allocated for media art: installations and other visual works (at least 12 per year). 5.53 million rubles were sent to the support of musical art (the creation of new musical works, distribution and rental of concert programs, holding concerts of composers-avant-gardeists). The so-called laboratory projects are master classes, a lecturer at the declared areas of art - received 2.93 million rubles.

The project support proceeded directly from the Government of the Russian Federation and in the budget of the Ministry of Culture passed by the name of the article: "Subsidy of non-profit organizations for the development and popularization of contemporary art in the project" Platform ". What caused dissatisfaction with other organizations popularizing contemporary art. They were forced to act in a more complex scheme.

At first, the ministry collects applications for the implementation of certain cultural projects, then, according to FZ No. 94, announces open competitions for these events, - Director of the State Center of Contemporary Art Mikhail Mindlin. - My center last year received funding in the amount of several tens of millions of rubles, and this is significantly less than now stands for Serebrennik ...

The project "Platform" in October 2011 in exhibition Center "Winery". In the introductory speech, the then Minister of Culture Alexander Avdeev said that "the state missed modern art and now returns debts late." The author and ideolog of the project Kirill Serebrennikov presented a colleague curators: Elena Truchi (dance) and Sergey Nevsky ( modern music). Media Curators - Alexey Shulgin and Aristarkh Chernyshev - were absent. "These are practically virtual characters," the silventmen explained jicely.

At the opening, the creators of the "platform" promised that they would perform performances available: the ticket will cost from 100 to 600 rubles. In the hall containing from 100 to 300 viewers, VIP zones are planned. The democraticity of the pricing policy will affect the representatives of the media - they will also buy tickets at a special professional tariff. For three years of the project's existence, almost all of these promises were fulfilled.

Along with the "platform", Sophia Apfelbaum oversees other issues related to finance issues. In particular, under her leadership was grants to lead theaters and orchestras. The document suggested "to increase by 2016 the total number of grant trappers from 84 to 120, creating a single two-level system for helping to sign collectives and to implement specific creative projects." The system of monitoring the activities of grant headers was also proposed. For example, for theatrical teams, five performance indicators were developed, including quantitative - attendance, high-quality - expert assessment, etc.

Becoming in 2015 by the director of the Russian academic youth tetra (RAMT), Sophia Apfelbaum was actively involved in the discussion of documents and bills relating to culture and theater. For example, in FZ No. 44, providing for mitigation of the system of state procurement for cultural institutions; in Labor Codeconcerning the "soft" transition from the practice of indefinite acting contracts for urgent; pre-crisis level of culture support by significant increase in financing; New financing mechanisms, "which will not allow saying that culture just sits on the neck of the state."

At the request of the Izvestia, cultural figures commented on the detention of Sophia Apfelbaum.

Leonid Osharin, director of the Mayakovsky Theater:

For me, the detention of Sophia Apfelbaum is full of shock. I have not heard official statements yet, but we all know well that federal money takes place through the Ministry of Culture purely formally. Grant on the "Seventh Studio" allocated the Government of the Russian Federation. Directly finances can not do, and they were carried out through the Ministry of Culture. That is, Sophia Apfelbaum in this case is just a screw in the system. Find in this story the composition of the crime is absurd. We all know it well, it is impossible to believe that this person could disrupt the law. I am afraid that in the whole story with the defendants of the "Seventh Studio" case, we all really lack information.

Andrei Vorobiev, Director of the Theater "Workshop Peter Fomenko":

Detention of Sophia Apfelbaum for all of us very unexpectedly, we are worried and worried about it. I understand that state expenditure is a serious matter. If the state spends on culture, it is in principle the right to check the spending of money. However, the frequency of unpleasant news begins to disturb. We do not communicate with the prosecutor's office, we have no information. But even if there was a mischief of documents, I do not understand what such tough measures are needed. Let's be honest: the budget itself, allocated to the culture, is so small that there is nothing in the principle to steal. For errors in the documentation, as far as I remember, the legislation provides for fines. So why all these detentions? Mood, honestly, is sad. Sofya Apfelbaum is a very decent, light and pure man. It remains to pray that everything is good.

Cyril Krok, Director of the Wakhtangov Theater:

I never and I never believe that Sophia Apfelbaum is somehow involved in the presence of budget money and all the more fray. I know her very well and therefore declare it openly. She performed a decree of the Government of the Russian Federation, where it was clearly stated that it was necessary to allocate money for the project "Platform" and the development of contemporary art. And she was far from the last instance in the Ministry of Culture of the Russian Federation. For me, the news about her detention is a terrible shock. Just some kind of wildness! But I believe that in everything will understand and let her go.

Grigory Zaslavsky, Rector of guitis (rati):

Knowing Sophia Apfelbaum is very many years, I am absolutely confident in her human and business decency. I would like to recall that the decision on financing the innovative projects of Kirill Serebrennikov was made on the basis of the meeting of the then President of Dmitry Medvedev with a group of creative intelligentsia. Moreover, the Government's decision was published, and the Department, which was headed by Afelbaum, reproving the ready-made budget, fulfilled this ruling. Naturally, no initiator of the allocation of funds of Sophia Apfelbaum was not and could not be. She did only what is supposed to do an official.

Dmitry Bertman, artistic director of the "Helikon-Opera" theater:

I know Sophia Apfelbaum as one of the best graduates of Gitis as a professional manager, a successful director of one of the best theaters of Russia and comrades of our outstanding director and decent man Alexei Borodin. I believe that her detention is a misunderstanding. The investigation will understand and will decide according to the law and relying on the humane attitude towards a young woman who is a daughter, mother, wife ... I really believe in justice and mental sense.

Sergey Golomazov, artistic director of the theater on a small armor:

It's hard to believe it. Sofia Apfelbaum is a professional. A person attentive, knowledgeable laws, especially with regard to funds. Excellent manager. Example of decency. I do not understand what's going on. I have no doubt of her honesty.

Laureate of the Theater Prize "MK" in the nomination "Best Director" (2019)
Winner of Stanislavsky Prize in the Nomination "Organization of Theater Case" (2019)

In 2000 graduated Russian Academy Theatrical art, in 2002 - a special program of the Studio School named after Vel. Andirovich-Danchenko at MCAT. A.P.hekhova. In 2002 he passed an internship in the American repertoire theater (Campbridge, USA). During his studies, he worked in MHAT them. A.P. Chekhov.

Since 2002 - Deputy Head of Art and Production Master of State Academic Big Theater Russia. Since 2006 he worked in the system of the Ministry of Culture Russian FederationIn 2008, became the head of the department of theatrical art, then Deputy Director of the Department of State Support of Art and Folk Creativity. From July 2012 to October 2014 he headed the specified department.
In co-authorship with E. Rignateva released the book "Communication with the public in the field of performing arts." Ph.D. in History of Arts.

Since 2015 - Director of the Ramma.

Sophia Apfelbaum in the program "School of Mercy"

M.S. Apinterbaum

One-dimensional stationary tasks for calculating pre-binding volts - ampere characteristics of weakly encouraged media

ul. Izhora, 13/19, Moscow, 127412, Russia

Introduction

For the first time experimentally deviations from the Ohm law for weakly encouraged environments in pre-bodied constants, the attached fields of a flat capacitor detected bullets.

Theoretically exponential increase in the conductivity of the media under consideration with increasing tension module electric field Substituted Frenkel using the Arrhenius type equation for the dependence of the ionization rate of ionization. The transition to the dependence of the conductivity on temperature was carried out in the postulation of the proximity of the volumetric speeds of the ionization of neutrals and the recombination of charges without taking into account the non-stationary effects, the effects of diffusion and the drift velocity of charged particles in strong electric fields for conductivity, as well as the flows of mediums under consideration in these fields on the distribution of free charges.

It is shown that for the use of Frankel's formula when setting both isothermal and non-erotic regimes, it is sufficient to perform the plasma conditions of the quasi-majority of the media under study in weak and pre-contracting electric fields.

At the same time, in the case of isothermal regimes for a flat high-voltage capacitor, the Frank Kemev exponential volt-ampere characteristic, confirmed by experiments, theoretically follows from the law of saving charge. In the case of a spherical condenser, to determine the steady distribution of the electric field potential in the interelectrode gap from this law, it turns out a much more complex ordinary differential equation First order.

From the analytical solution of the equation obtained in, the linearity of the volt-amps characteristics in weak fields and its quadraticity in pre-bodies, which is also consistent with the results of experiments of various authors.

For a cylindrical high-voltage capacitor, a similar task is reduced to a non-integrated analytical problem. Therefore, a numerical integration algorithm has been developed.

The results of the calculation of the established and quasistationary volt-ampere characteristics of this algorithm were confirmed as a linearity in weak fields and a quadratic deviation from the Ohm law for the case of cylindrical symmetry in inhomogeneous pre-binding fields.

Theoretical model

The presented model was developed by the author of the article not only for isothermal pre-contracting modes. We believe that the volume concentrations of positive and negative charges, as well as neutral and impurity molecules satisfy relations

The first of the relationship is a necessary condition for the weak ionization of the investigated environments. From the second ratio, the influence of impurities on their low-voltage conductivity is taken into account. We consider only two-particle recombination of charges, the coefficient of which satisfies the ratio

© Afelbaum M.S., electronic processing of materials, 2005, No. 2, pp. 50-54.

W \u003d Wl (Na, NP, T, | E |) \u003d WL (Na, Il, T, 0) F (| E |).

p ±<< И,

The ratio for Kr is obtained by Langevoy in 1903, and for the diffusion coefficient, we use the more well-known ratio of Nernsta Einstein:

D ± \u003d kbtb ± / \\ e \\. (four)

To analyze the impact of the pre-contracting tension on the volumetric ionization rate, we use the ratio obtained by Frenkel in:

f (e) \u003d exp (p | e ^ 2); P \u003d.

The system of macroscopic equations of pre-contracting charging in the mediums under consideration, taking into account the diffusion and hydrodynamic transfer of the volume charge by a viscous flow, including those in the strengths of the electric fields:

f + ((VG) + B2 (, VQ)

) - ^ af \u003d - l?

g0 /, J-11/2 \\ G2

AG - EXP (F Sh) + -

divV \u003d 0 x \u003d R ° TV

p (DDT ~ P (X, V) V - PYAX \u003d E

The equation of continuity for the neutral component is true in the approximation of the incompressibility of the medium, therefore only flows in the electric field with subsonic speeds with isothermal modes are considered herein due to the weak heating joule. The release of heat due to viscosity, polarization, ionization reactions, is also assumed to be weak. The initial conditions in the case of fixed before the overlay of a strong electrical field medium look like this:

q (t \u003d 0) \u003d V (t \u003d 0) \u003d 0; O (t \u003d 0) \u003d 00. (11)

Boundary conditions depend on the nature of ionization reactions and hydrodynamics at the surface of high-voltage electrodes, as well as the free boundaries of the media under consideration.

Analytical solution of these equations for the spatial distribution of the high-voltage sphere potential can be obtained only when it is established and neglecting the effect of ion drift or electrons in the electrical field and their diffusion for conductivity, as well as the effect of hydrodynamic transfer to the spatial distribution of the density of the formed volumetric charge. Relevant conditions for neglecting these processes are derived. And in mathematically, it is shown that such disregard is possible only outside the borderers at the surface of the high-voltage electrode and free boundaries. Such layers can be considered analogues of the Langmühmic borderness of the violation of quasi-neutrality in the event of the justice of the formulas written above the formulas of Langezhen and Nern-Sta-Einstein. Lengmuir layers are described, for example, in for arc, completely ionized plasma in the case when a negatively charged component is electrons. In the proposed theoretical work, as in the works, such a component may be ionic, and the medium is only partially ionized. At the same time, for the output of the equations discharged above, it is essential to account for the interaction of neutral particles with charged. The presence of borderers, such as Langmyurovsky, mathematically substantiated in from the discharged equations with small parameters in their left parts in members with senior spatial derivatives. The establishment of electro-hydrodynamic characteristics in the weakly conducting media under consideration with the imposition of strong, time-constant electric fields occurs quite quickly, which is theoretically shown, for example, in.

In simplifications, which reduced to the case of quasi-major media, the established solution for the potential of high-voltage sphere outside of the specified borderers was obtained in. It looks like this:

In weak fields, the traditional linear Ohm law is obtained, and in the pre-trial - a quadratic volt-ampere characteristic. This decision can be obtained under the same conditions and from the more complex system of equations discharged from the previous works of this article for cases when the mobility of positive and negative charges differ in size from each other. The graph of the dependence of the potential of the high-voltage sphere from the radial spherical coordinate is shown in Fig. 1, which indicates an increase in the departure of the field from Laplasovsky with an increase in the applied voltage. For a high-voltage cylindrical capacitor, a similar task is not analytically solved, so the numerical algorithm should be developed, which will be described below. The field strength distribution formula in the interelectrode gap of the cylindrical capacitor is close to similar to spherical. In cases of a more complex geometry of the surfaces of high-voltage electrodes of the type of needle, blades and other thin electrodes, the non-domestic tasks of calculating the pre-binding volt-ampere characteristics should be solved even without taking into account the effects of the currents of the media under consideration in a strong inhomogeneous electric field. The calculation of the velocities themselves taking into account viscosity, as shown in, is reduced to solving non-domestic tasks, even in cases of the simplest geometry of high-voltage electrodes.

The formula of a flat capacitor for the established or quasistationary volt-ampere characteristic is obtained from the laws of Ohm and the salary of charge:

From the transcendent monotone dependence on the voltage, it follows that the exponential increase of current observed with numerous experiments with an increase in the pre-binding voltage for the weakly encouraged medium placed in the interelectrode gap of a flat high-voltage capacitor can be justified analytically. In addition, the analytical result confirms the volumetric charge described in the formation of a volumetric charge in inhomogeneous fields to the initial times of time, from which the Laplace of the field of a flat condenser can also be preserved outside the Langmuric borderers in the conditions of quasi-majority. An additional confirmation of the quadratic growth of the probationary current with increasing the applied voltage in the strong inhomogeneous external fields of the cylindrical capacitor is the numerical calculation of the corresponding volt-ampere characteristic. It should be noted that the Townsend has received an analytically quadratic area for unipolarly charged media in the case of a cylindrical high-voltage capacitor. But the transition site from the linear ohmic to the forebodent quadratic is not obtained. The algorithm for obtaining a numerical solution describing in the case of cylindrical symmetry of both sections in the conditions of quasi-majority was developed using the method for obtaining an analytical solution (13) for a spherical capacitor. Namely, the Frenkel exhibitor from the analytical expression for the field strength similar to the cases of flat and spherical capacitors was introduced under the sign of the intensity of the one-dimensional electric field. But when integrating with the transition from a variable R to E, in contrast to the case of spherical symmetry, the elemental expression is reduced to one of the types of functions analytically unintegrated. This type of quadrature is usually taped, but in a particular case for comparison with the results of experiments it is more advisable to develop a fairly simple numerical integration algorithm. Integration was carried out by dividing the segment in half and trapezes. Calculations were carried out with an internal radius of a high-voltage cylindrical capacitor, equal to 1.2 mm, and an external radius equal to 2 mm. The dielectric permeability of the medium was also closed close to the conditions

numerous experiments with weakly conducting, and consequently, both weaklyolar media. The calculations were taken equal to 2.24, which corresponds to one of the reference data for the permeability of transformer oils. For the same environment, low-voltage conductivity was chosen at the calculations, easily determined from the ohmic section of the graph. 2. When calculating the analytical solution for the case of a high-voltage spherical capacitor, the results of which are presented on charts. 1, the values \u200b\u200bof low-voltage electrical conductivity and the dielectric constant were chosen as the same as for numerical calculations in the case of cylindrical. The temperature of the medium during calculations was selected room, and the length of the cylindrical capacitor is 5 cm. The values \u200b\u200bof the Boltzmann and the proton charge were taken from reference books. Curve graphics. 2, built according to the results of the numerical calculations carried out in the case of a high-voltage cylindrical capacitor, is topologically close to the curve of the Wilt-amps characteristic curve obtained from an analytical solution in the case of a spherical capacitor or a secluded high-voltage sphere. Both dependences describe not only the Townsende pre-contracting quadratic area, but also transient when the voltage is reduced to ohmic linear. In the case of a high-voltage cylindrical capacitor, the quadraticity of the foreclinical section of the graph. 2 is confirmed by a computer approximation of this area represented by the monitor.

Fig. 2. The results of numerical calculations of the pre-binding volt-ampere characteristics of the cylindrical capacitor in transformer oil. U0 \u003d 1 kV, I0 \u003d 0.2 μA. Explanations in the text

Fig. 1. The spatial distribution of the electrical potential of the high voltage sphere in transformer oil - curve 1. Curve 2 -Laplasovsky distribution of the potential of the same sphere with the same applied voltage, but in the absence of volumetric charges of the designation

o0 - low-voltage conductivity of the medium; U - applied electrical voltage; D - interelectrode distance; E - proton charge; KB is a boltzmann constant; D - diffusion coefficient; b - mobility coefficient; q - volumetric density charge; V is the speed of the medium; n - concentration; E - electric field strength; S - surface area; R - radial coordinate; t - time; X - twirl; e - dielectric constant; I - current strength; T - absolute temperature; f - the function of the scalar or vector argument; W is the volumetric rate of the formation of charges or neutrals.

LITERATURE

1. Poole H.h. On the Dielectric Constant and Electric Conductivity of Mica In Intense Fields // Philosophical. Magazine. 1916. S. 6. V. 2. No. 187. R. 112-129.

2. Frankel Ya.I. To the theory of electrical breakdown in dielectrics and electronic semiconductors // Magazine of experimental and theoretical physics. 1938. T. 8. Vol. 12. P. 1291-1301.

3. Apinterbaumm.s. Equations of equilibrium ionization of combustion products in an electric field // Physics of burning and explosion. 1988. No. 2. P. 60-65.

4. Afelbaum M.S. On the same calculated circuit of the electrohydrodynamic flows // electrochemistry. 1986. Issu.11. P.1463-1471.

5. Apfelbaum M.S. Volumetric charge in a weakly conducting liquid dielectric with spherical, flat and cylindrical electrodes // Colloid magazine. 1986. Vol. 6. P. 1110-1118.

6. Tonks L., Langmuir I. A General Theory of The Plasma of An Arc // Physical Review. 1929. V. 34. P.876-922.

7. Afelbaum M.S., Apfelbaum E.M. On the influence of the electric field and temperature on the non-stationary evolution of the conductivity of weakly encouraged, quasi-neutral media // Plasma physics. 1998. T. 24. C.850-856.

8. Raizer Yu.B. Gas discharge physics. M., 1992.

Received 09/27/04

Theoretic Model of Electrohydrodynamic Prebreakdown Phenomena In The Weakly Ionized Media Is Proposed. Differential Equations and Initial Conditions for Describing These Problems Are Written. The 1D Analytical and Numerical Solutions of These Equations for Calculations Current-Voltage Characteristics Are Given. The Calculation Results Are in Agreement with Experiments for High-Voltage Plane, Cylindrical and Spherical Capacitors.

L.Yu. Demidenko, N.A. Onatskaya

On the effect of the deformation rate on mass transfer with electrohydropulse processing of welded joints

Institute of Impulse Processes and Technologies of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Oktyabrsky Ave., 43-A, Nikolaev, 54018, Ukraine

Recently, technologies are increasingly distributed in industry, including high-energy impulse effects. These include such widely used methods in industrial practices, such as laser and explosive, ultrasonic shock and electrohydropulse (egio) processing.

The egio of metal structures due to the large energy possibilities, simplicity and efficiency of electro-hydropulse loading is one of the effective methods for reducing residual stresses. The pulse impact formed by an electric discharge in water allows to reduce the peaks of residual stresses and their redistribution of both macro and micro components. Egio intensifies processes that promote stress relaxation.

The effect of relaxation processes on diffusion is studied for a long time. In this regard, the phenomenon of mass transfer in the egio of the stress metal of welded joints is presented, since the preliminary analysis showed that the question of the mobility of atoms under the conditions of the electro-hydropulse effect did not find due reflection in the literature.

It is known that for pulse loading of metals is characterized by an increase in the diffusion mobility of atoms, that is, the acceleration of mass transfer. At the same time, the phenomenon, as noted in the work, is generally general and does not depend on the method of processing the metal, and the determining factor in the flow of mass transfer processes during pulsed processing is the rate of deformation. Depending on

© Demidenko L.Yu., Attskaya N.A., Electronic processing of materials, 2005, No. 2, p. 54-57.