Cossack army:

Azov Cossack army - (unlike the existing one from 1696 to 1775. Azov Cossack regiment) Military Cossack formation in the XIX century. Created by the Russian government in 1832 from the former Zaporizhia Cossacks of the Slaughter's Snish, who passed from Turkish to Russian citizenship. Placed between Berdyansky and Mariupolam. In 1852-1864, the army was partially relocated to Kuban. In 1865, the army was abolished.

Structure:

The composition of the troops, as a result of its small number, was counted by Petrovsky Meshchansky Posad, the Novospasovskaya village of state peasants and Starodubovskaya Stanita, formed from the immigrants of the Chernihiv province. The indigenous Cossacks had two stages - Nikolaev and Pokrovskaya. Part of the Cossacks, dissatisfied with smooth, went back to Turkey. The main service of the Azov Cossacks was crucial on military barcases in the eastern shores of the Black Sea in order to capture Turkish smuggling.

Astrakhan Cossack army - In 1737, the decree of the Senate in Astrakhan from Kalmykov was formed by a three-titled Cossack team. In 1750, the Astrakhan Cossack Regiment was established on the basis of the team, for the completion of which up to 500 people, the Astrakhan fortress and the fortress of the Red Cossacks from the allocates, former shooting Cossacks, and the Don Tropic Cossacks and New Tatars and Kalmykov. Seniority from March 28, 1750, the capital is Astrakhan, a military holiday (military circle) - August 19, the day of the icons of the Don God's Mother. The Astrakhan Cossack army was created in 1817.

Structure: As part of the first regiment under the team of the Kalmyk Derbetsky Neuon (Prince), Jombo Thai Tuntyovov Astrakhansy from 8 to 18 August 1812 participated in the skirmis with the French, counteracting their crossing over the Bug River. In September 1812, the opponent was pursued from the Stirm River to Brest-Litovsk. In the campaign of 1813, a campaign was made to Warsaw and from March 17 to August 28, in the siege of the Fortress of Modlin.

The second regiment under the command of the Kalmyk Trugutsky Neuon Silverzhab Tyumen was shot by the Saxon Dragun squadron, showing the ability of the irregular cavalry to successfully fight with the heavy end of the enemy. During 1813, Tyumen's regiment pursued the French to Krakow; On October 4-7, he participated in the "Battle of Peoples" at Leipzig, and then drove the enemy to Rhine. Moving in the avant-garde of the Allied Troops, the regiment in 1814 entered Paris, and the streets of the French capital saw not only Kalmyk soldiers, but also the Astrakhan Cossacks. All participants in the war were awarded the medal "In memory of the Patriotic War of 1812."

Bug Cossack Cossack Cossack Army, located on the South Bug River.

Structure:from the Cossacks, four settlers of Ulansky regimet (Olviopolsky, Bugsky, Voznesensky and Odessa) were formed, which were reduced to the Bug Ulander Division. Many of the former Cossacks of the Bug Cossack troops were subsequently attributed to the Danube, Azov and Caucasus Cossack troops, where they merged with the Cossack population.

Volzhsky Cossack army - Military Cossack Formation on the Middle and Lower Volga. Officially formed in 1734 by the decree of the Empress Anna John. For participation in the uprising of Emelyan Pugachev abolished in 1777 by decree of Empress Catherine II.

Structure:A new army long existed in its place. In 1770, 517 families from its composition were resettled to the Musdoku and were placed in five villages on the left bank of the Terek, between Mozdok and the Grebensky army, to protect the edges from the Kabardians. They formed a Mozdok regiment, at the head of which was supplied instead of military attack the regimental commander. In 1777, 200 families of Kalmykov, who adopted Orthodoxy, were included in the regiment, which soon returned to Buddhism, and in 1799, the Russian militia of the Mozdok Fortress, which existed until then separately called the Moscow Legion Cossack team.

In 1777, with a continuation of the line of fortresses in the Caucasus to the west of Mozdok to Azov, the rest of the Volzhsky troops settle in five villages was sent here, from Catherine to Alexandrian fortress, for about 200 miles. Having retained its former name, the Cossacks constituted the Volga Cossack Regiment of the five hundredth. Gradually, Cossack Stitsa put forward forward. To reinforce the force of troops to him, in 1832, 4 civilian villages were attributed to Cum with a population of up to 4050 people "of both sexes".

In 1832, Mozdok and Volga regiments were part of the newly educated Caucasian linear troops, in 1860 - Teresky.

The remaining Cossacks in 1802 formed two villages: Alexandrovskaya (now Savodskaya Volgograd region) and the Krasnolinsk (now Pichuzhkaya Volgograd region), which included the Astrakhan Cossack regiment.

Danube army - In 1775, on the destruction of the Zaporizhzhya Sich, part of the Zaporizhzhya Cossacks retired to Turkey and settled on the shore of the Danube, between the fortress of the bombard and Silistria, forming a new one.

Structure: By January 1, 1856, 2,811 people were held in the Danube Cossack troops (by lists 2,858). In the same year, the army was renamed Novorossiysk, under what the title existed for long. By virtue of Malozhella, it could not get further development by population growth; The servant composition was extremely small, and, instead of 2 complete regiments with regular shifts, the army barely formed the regiment, and then with the help of a permanent vacation from the military capital of money for combat equipment. In addition, in the Paris Treatise of 1856, the southern border of the Russian Empire was changed and part of the lands of Novorossiysk Forces went to the Moldovan Principality; Malozhelel has increased even more.

Donskoy army - The most numerous of the Cossack troops of the Russian Empire.

It was located in a separate territory, called the Don Troops, which occupied a part of modern Lugansk and Donetsk regions of Ukraine, as well as the Rostov, Volgograd regions of the Russian Federation.

Structure:First Don District with District Center in Stanitsa Konstantinovskaya,

2nd Donskoy with the district center in the village of Nizhne Chirskaya,

Rostovsky with a district center in Rostov-on-Don,

Salsky with a district center in a village of grandnya,

Taganrog with a district center in Taganrog,

Ust-Medbiditsky District with a district center in the village Ust-Medreeditskaya,

Hawk with the district center in Stanice Uryupinskaya,

Cherkassy with a district center in Novocherkassk.

In 1918, the Verkhne-Donetsk and Donetsk and Hawa districts were formed from the parts of Ust-Medvytsky, Donetsk and Hawa Districts]. The Verkhne-Don district was planned to create a large circle of Don Troops at the end of 1917 (the initial name was supposed to be the third Don District).

Kuban Cossack Army - Part of the Cossacks of the Russian Empire in the North Caucasus, inhabiting the territory of the modern Krasnodar region, the western part of the Stavropol Territory, the South of the Rostov Region, as well as the Republics of Adygea and Karachay-Cherkessia. The military headquarters is the city of Ekaterinodar (modern Krasnodar). The army was formed in 1860 on the basis of the Black Sea Cossack troops, with the accession of the Caucasian linear Cossack troops to it, which "passed as unnecessary." As a result of the completion of the Caucasian War.

By the beginning of the reign of Emperor Nicholas II, the Kuban army, divided into 7 departments:

Ekaterinodar,

Taman

Caucasian,

Labinsky,

Maykopsky,

Batalpashinsky.

Structure:by 1860, the army counted 200 thousand Cossacks and exhibited 12 horse regiments, 9 hiking (plastic) battalions, 4 batteries and 2 guards squadrons.

Most of the Cossacks in Yeisk, Ekaterinodar and Temryuk departments of the Kuban region.

Yeysky Cossack Department of the CBV

Caucasian Cossack Division KKV

Taman Cossack Division KKV

Ekaterinodar Cossack Department of the CKV

Maykop Cossack Division CKV

Labinsky Cossack Division KKV

Batalpashinsky Cossack Division KKV

Chernomorsk Cossack District KKV

Abkhaz special Cossack department of the CKV

Semirechensky army - A group of Cossacks living in Semirchye, in the south-east of modern Kazakhstan and North Kyrgyzstan. In the past were combined into a separate Cossack army.

Structure:it was scattered in four counties of this area, in 28 villages. By January 1, 1894, his number was 32772 people, including the military 25369 (13141 men and 12228 wives) and 7403 non-residents: 30340 people of Orthodox religion, 15 Christians of other denominations, 68 Jews, 2339 Magomethanes and 10 pagans.

According to data at the beginning of 1914 as part Semirechensky Cossack troops There were 19 villages and 15 raids, with a population of 22473 military schools (of which 60 officers and 5767 Cossacks ready to be served at 3080 horses).

Teresk Cossack Army - Cossacks who live along the Terek rivers, Suna, Assa, Kura, Malka, Kuma, depressing in the North Caucasus.

The Teress Cossack army - the third on seniority in the Cossack troops from 1577, when the Trench Cossacks first acted under the royal banners.

Structure:

1) District Cossacks of society created (formulated) by combining regional Cossack societies and stanic Cossack societies that are not part of the district Cossack societies;

2) District Cossack Societies are created (formed) by combining urban, bedroom and farmer Cossack societies;

3) Static Cossacks, which are part of the district Cossack societies, or district Cossack societies, who are the primary association of citizens of the Russian Federation and members of their families of one or more rural or urban settlements or other settlements made to the State Register of Cossack societies in the Russian Federation.

Ussuri Cossack Army - Ethnic group of Cossacks in the Ussuri Territory. Other definitions are an ethnic cable group, a military estate.

Structure:In 1916, the number of Ussuri Cossacks amounted to 39,900 people. They owned 6740 km² of land. Ussuri Cossacks performed the border, postal and police service, participated in the Russian-Japanese war. During World War I, Ussuri Cossacks put out the cavalry regiment and six hundred. During the civil war among the Ussuri Cossacks, there was a split at the place of relocation, some of the Cossacks (people from Don) supported the Bolshevik policies to eliminate the Cossacks as class and merging him with the peasantry. The rest spoke under the command of Ataman Kalmykov mainly on the side of the White. After the civil war, the army stopped his existence.

Ural Cossack army - (until 1775 and after 1917 - Yaitsky Cossack Waroisa) - A group of Cossacks in the Russian Empire, II on seniority in Cossack troops. Placed in the west of the Ural region (now the North-Western regions of Kazakhstan and the south-western part of the Orenburg region), on the average and lower flow of the Ural River (up to 1775 - YIK). The seniority of the troops from July 9, 1591, this month, Yaitsky Cossacks took part in the campaign of the royal troops against Shamhal Tarkovsky. The military headquarters - Uralsk (until 1775 was called the Yaitsky town). Religious belonging: Most - Orthodox Christians, but there are units, Old Believers, Muslims (up to 8%) and Buddhists (Lamaists) (1.5%) Military holiday, military circle 8 (21 in new style) November, St. Archangel Mikhail.

Structure:By the beginning of 1825, the Ural Cossack army believed in its population to 28,226 shower of both sexes. According to data at the beginning of 1900, the number of Ural Cossacks with family members was a little more than 123 thousand people. During World War I, the army put 9 horse regiments (50 hundred), an artillery battery, a guards cell, 9 special and spare hundreds, 2 teams (in total for 1917 over 13 thousand people). For valoring and courage, 5378 Ural Cossacks and officers were awarded by St. George crosses and medals.

Chernomorsk Cossack army - Military Cossack formation in the XVIII-XIX centuries. Created by the Russian government in 1787 from the parts of the troops of the faithful Zaporozhetsev, the basis of which was the former Zaporizhia Cossacks. The territory was given to the troops between the southern bug and the Dniester with the center in the city of Slobodze.

Structure: In 1801, the military office of Emperor Paul was created by the military office of which Ataman and two members from troops were created, special members in appointment from the government and the government prosecutor; With that, all the army was divided into 25 (according to other sources of 20) regiments. In the time of Paul I, at the head of the troops stood Ataman Kotlyarevsky, not a beloved army (a riot occurred in 1797). In 1799, he was changed by Ataman Bursak. By decree of February 25, 1802, the military government was again restored, as part of Ataman, two indispensable members and 4-tracks; The division on the shelves was saved.

Transbaikal Cossack army - The irregular army in the XVII-XX centuries in the Russian Empire, in the territory of Transbaikalia. Military headquarters - in Chita.

Structure: In 1916, the Cossack population of the Trans-Baikal Cossack troops amounted to 265 thousand people, in military service there were 14.5 thousand. The army participated in the suppression of the Etoeuan Uprising 1899-1901, in the Russian-Japanese 1904-05 and the First World War.

During the Civil War, 1918-20, part of the Cossacks actively fought against the Bolsheviks under the leadership of Ataman G. M. Semenov and Baron Ungerna. Some Cossacks supported red.

In 1920, the Trans-Baikal Cossack army, as well as other Cossack troops in Soviet Russia, was eliminated. After the defeat of Semenov, about 15% of the Cossacks, together with their families, went to Manchuria, where they settled by creating their stages (trianchier). In China, at first they were disturbed by the Soviet border raids, and then closed and lived in their life until 1945 (the offensive of the Soviet army). Then some of them emigrated to Australia (Queensland). Some in the 1960s returned to the USSR and were settled in Kazakhstan. Descendants of mixed marriages stayed in China

The historic site of the Bagheir - the mystery of the story, the mysteries of the universe. The secrets of great empires and ancient civilizations, the fate of the disappeared treasures and biographies of people who changed the world, secrets of the special services. Chronicle of war, the description of battles and battles, intelligence operations of the past and present. World traditions, modern life of Russia, unknown USSR, the main directions of culture and other related topics - all that is silent official science.

Learn the secrets of stories - it is interesting ...

Now read

One of the largest Russian poets of the 20th century Osip Emilevich Mandelshtam, as was known, was arrested by the NKVD authorities in May 1934 and sent to the link to Cherdin (Perm region).

Until the Ecumenical Cathedral of 1054, to the Great Schism, in Kievan Rus, he won the same saints as in the rest of Europe. In Russia, the saints were considered not only the apostles, the general Christian martyrs for faith and outstanding church figures, but also several Roman dads, and some Western kings. 1054 put this end. The last Western Saints, recognized in Russia, became Saint Olaf.

According to the traditions of the American fleet, ships and submarines, "lost in the sea", are not written off from the service, and are transferred to the symbolic "Eternal Patrol".

It was so happened on earth that 80 percent of people, even if they really really know about a particular phenomenon, but with confidence about him judge and even ... fear him! So, for example, who we are so well familiar with the Maja Indian culture, read their ancient books "Chilam-Balam" and "Popol-Wuh"? But many are quite sure that Maya predicted universal death in 2012. But who are they, what they did and what were the authentic secrets of this people - most and not good!

Everyone knows that in 1939, Germany and the USSR divided the first sacrifice of world war among themselves - Unfortunate Poland. But is it? And yes, and no: Poland was divided, but it was also the victim! Yes, and the territory acquired by the Soviet Union was Polish no more than the Crimea - Ukrainian.

The Soviet Union has always considered the world ocean as an isna of the global confrontation of two systems and sought to occupy a solid position on it. Therefore, a lot of attention and, accordingly, funds were paid to the development of naval forces. To. At the same time, since the 1960s, the main rate was made to the atomic underwater fleet. And on this field, the USSR succeeded, at least in quantitative, sharing the first places with its main competitor - the United States. According to high-quality indicators (mainly in terms of secretion of pl), there were some worse things.

According to one of the Mongolian legends, during the time, the waters of the warm sea still splashed on the site of the rocky desert, on his picturesque shore, the first descendants of the gods were built a beautiful and rich city, in which wise men and merchants lived, brave warriors and skillful artisans.

Throughout the human history, the treasure was hidden, looking for and opened. Experts estimate that hundreds of thousands of treasures are kept in Earth - at least 300 tons of gold and dozen times more silver. In their opinion, on average, each resident of the Earth accounts for 60 grams of yellow and 2.5 kg of white noble metals. And a significant part of them found or is still waiting for its opening in the Crimea!

Turn to one very interesting and indicative page of our story. By 1914, 11 Cossack troops existed in Russia. However, this does not mean that they were always so much. Today we will remember the glorious troops abolished by Russian supreme power and undeservedly forgotten. And today the Cossacks living on the banks of the Volga and the reviving army Volga, but now neither like a free community, but as a state structure, as a method of serving Russia.
The Russian state from the times of the Great Moscow and Kiev princes saw in the Cossacks not a community, but some military power for the protection of the borders of his possessions. These are famous porphices and black hoods during the Kiev Rus and the Don Snowmorial Troops during the period of Russia of Moscow. Seeing how successfully any Cossack community is coming in a new place ("Cossack is no translation") the state power in each newly acquired region sought to organize the "serving Raint", the army of Donskoy. After all, the experience of the development of Siberia showed how profitable to attract the Cossacks on the Sovereign Service. But as soon as the edge was mastered, and the need for the service of the troops disappeared, the army either disbanded or moved. And, in the end, to the beginning of the twentieth century, a more or less slender structure of 11 Cossack troops and regions has developed. But first things first.

Chuguevsky Cossacks.

In 1639, the city of Chuguev was founded in the Moscow State. For a long time, the relationship to the Cossacks did not have a regular city, but the Cossacks lived in it. And now on February 28, 1700, at the venue of Peter the Great from the city of Chuguevsky Cossacks, as well as the Cossacks of the Don and Yaitsky, who served in Orel, Kursk and Obovoi, a special Cossack team was formed. The tsar reformer began the Northern War, and the formation of the Cossack parts and teams freed from the need to place regular shelves in these places - the army was still formed, and the soldiers lacked the soldiers and the internal provinces of the empire. And the experience of Don troops showed that the Cossack community and the sovereign service may rule and the procedure will provide themselves to the proactivity. So it was in no hurry to reform the Cossacks of the Cossacks, but I used to use useful experience. Moreover, in order to strengthen the Chuguev team (three companies, three hundred Cossacks), two Kalmyts hundreds were included in its composition. The life of Chuguevsky Cossacks and during the Northern War went to her toal and only in 1721. Together with other Cossack troops and the formations of the state of the Russian Chuguev Cossack, the 500th team moved to the Military Collegium.
The main goal of the Cossacks is the Service of Fatherland, and the stormy eighteenth century for military conflicts was rich. Therefore, first in 1749, a Chuguevsky Cossack Equestrian Regiment was formed on the basis of the Chuguev Cossack Team. But in the regiment, all the Cossacks did not enter the teams and then in 1769, part of the Chuguevsky Cossacks entered a separate light-block team (400 Cossacks), and some of the Legion (half of the Legion).
A new stage of the history of Russia began - the conquest of Novorossia. And here Chuguevtsy was useful. Chuguevsky Cossack Equestrian Regiment (as an Ekaterinoslav equestrian regiment) and the Chuguev's light-block team became part of the Corps of the Advanced Guard of Ekaterinoslav Regular Cossacks, formed by order of Prince Potemkin in February 1788. However, after a year, the corps was disbanded, and the parts were reformed into the Chuguevsky Cossack Equestrian Regiment and the Konvny Prince Potemkin Cossack Equestrian Regiment. In the spring of 1893, the Malorussky Cossack Regiment was attached to these two regiments (in 1890 formed in his army from the recruits, the All-Figure Prince Potemkin, which fed some weakness to the Cossacks). All three regiments received new names - the 1st, 2nd and 3rd Chuguev Cossack horse shelves. The court chuguev team, meanwhile, in the fall of 1896, became part of the Life-Gusar and Life Cossack Regiment - the Defense of the New Emperor of the Russian.
In the winter of the same year, the 3rd Chuguevsky Cossack Equestrian Regiment was disbanded, and in the spring of 1800, the two remaining regiment were reduced to one. After another three years, Chuguev Cossacks were translated into an apparent estate. And on August 18, 1808, the Chuguevsky Cossack Equestrian Regiment was formed on the basis of the Chuhuyevsky Cossack Regiment, which he entered into the Military settlements. Chuguev's Ulans as the 11th Ulansky Regiment existed before the collapse of the Great Empire.

Bakhmut Cossacks.

Bakhmut Cossacks of History are known for a long time. But their regular service began in 1701, when the government needed to protect the Bakhmut salt keys selected in the treasury. For this purpose, the Bakhmut Cossack Company from Bakhmut, Torkovsky and Mayak Cossacks was formed. This decision was quite controversial and allowed Ataman Bakhmut Kondrey Bulavin in 1707 to raise the entire Don on the struggle for the vintage liberty and traditions of the Cossacks. The rebellion was resolutely suppressed by government troops - the tsar reformer of the Buntovshchikov never complained, the show will broke the recalcitrant at any cost. Then the power forgot forgotten about Bakhmut for a long time and only in the spring of 1721, Mayviki, Torny and Bakhmut Cossacks were directly subordinated to the military board. In the fall of 1748, pressing military needs demanded the creation of the Bakhmut Cossack equestrian shelf. However, in the summer of 1764, the regiment switched to the discharge of regular parts of the Russian army. At first he was known as the Lugansky Piciner Regiment, and then was renamed to the 4th Hussar Regiment. The regiment in the imperial army existed to the very death of the empire.

Bug Cossack army.

Turks repeatedly fought with Russians and perfectly knew the true price of the shield of Russia. That is why they tried to attract Cossacks to their side of all Russian politicians. After moving to the service of Sultan Cossacks - Nekrasovtsev and parts of the Cossacks of the port, seriously began to consider the possibility of the formation of the Cossack units. However, the Orthodox roots of the Russian warrior at that time did not allow him to raise the sword on the one-man. And the Cossack faith was considered a unworthy warrior. It is from the Cossacks who have left the Sultan-based service leads to the Bug's army. In 1769, the Cossack regiment was formed by the Turks, who during the war when the first case came to the side of the Russian army. The Cossacks of this shelf in 1774 were setted on BUGU to ensure the protection of the new edge. The next year, a shorter Cossack Regiment was placed nearby from foreigners of Slavic blood under the general team of Major Kasperov. However, these forces lacked. And the government began to buy part of the peasants from the Bug's landowners. This measure allowed in the winter of 1785 to form from settlers and bought peasants a bug equestrian Cossack regiment, a number of 1.5 thousand people. Wragging his land, Bug Cossacks in the period 1787 - 17996. included in the so-called Yekaterinoslav Cossack troops. Then in the spring of 1803, on the basis of the Bug's Cossack Equestrian Shelf, with the involvement of Slavic settlers (Bulgarians, Serbs and others), the Bug Cossack army was formed in the composition of the three regiments. In 1814, the troops were enrolled in the troops, as long as the bougie surreetary.
Bug Cossacks often served to their Fatherland. So for the Patriotic War and abroad, the 1st Bug Cossack Regiment received Georgievsky Standard. However, the war was rarely, the border moved to the West and the need for the existence of Cossack communities disappeared. On October 8, 1817, the Ukrainian Ulan Shelves and Bug Cossacks were made to the composition of the so-called. Military settlements and made up four Ulan Bug Region. These shelves existed in the Russian army until the revolution (7th - 10th Ulansky shelves).

Ekaterinoslav Cossack Army

The conquest of new lands in the Crimea and the Black Sea region required the formation of any sustainable forms of life and activity of people on this territory. Therefore, in the summer of 1787, all Odnodvorsa Yekaterinoslav province settlers in the former Ukrainian line were addressed by the Russian government in the Cossack estate. Of these Cossacks, a special Cossack Corps on the likeness of the Don Troops was formed. From the autumn of 1787, in official documents, the Corps was referred to either by the Ekaterinoslav Cossack Corps, or the Yekaterinoslav Cossack army (the army of Novodon Cossacks).
To strengthen the troops in the fall of 1787, the Bug Cossacks were attributed to it, and in January 1788, the Troops included the Old Believers of the Ekaterinoslav Province, as well as the Messenis and Shop Gubniy Yekaterinoslav, Voznesenskaya and Kharkiv. However, at about the same time, Chuguev Cossacks came out of the composition of the troops.
On February 11, 1788, on the basis of Yekaterinoslav Cossack troops, the corps of the advance Guard of Ekaterinoslav regular Cossacks as part of 4 brigades was formed. The brigade included 5 Cossack and 2 Kalmyk equestrian hundreds. However, already on June 23, 1789, the corps was disbanded. And on June 5, 1796, the Ekaterinoslav Army itself ceased to exist, divided into the Bug and Ascension Cossack troops. A new stage of imperial policy began - the conquest of the Caucasus and Kuban. And on October 23, 1801, the highest command of the resettlement of the Cossacks of the Bug and Voznesensky troops in the Caucasus was made public. The receivers of the glorious Ekaterinoslav Cossacks are the Kuban regiments of the Kuban Cossack troops.

Danube Cossack army.

Where only the fate of the Cossacks did not enjoy. And for the Danube they were. Because the Zaporizhia Russian Empress has abolished the Zaporizhzhya, and the Russian Walnous Cossack settlements simply destroyed the bayonet and the creek. And the Cossacks went to the Danube. However, the long and heavy hand of the Russian rulers reached there. And after some time it took the empire on these its turns a reliable barrier to deliver. And at the end of February 1807, General Michelson declared the creation of the Ust-Danube Cossack troops on the Danube of the Cossack Cossacks. However, soon the authorities have changed. In December of the same year, the army was disbanded, and the Cossacks of the troops are divided into the Danube and Budzhak settlements of the Cossacks. Apparently for the royal power so it was much calmer.
In 1816, people from the South Slavs were resettled to the Budzhak settlement Cossacks. These are the Slavs with particular volunteer hiking and horse shelves for settlements. However, after some time, the authorities tired of the game in democracy. In 1827, Budzhak and Danube Cossacks were watershed in Besarabia and subordinate to the civil authority of the region. And everything would have been forgotten with time, "Byrian's herbs, he worry." Yes, it happened in 1828. Another war with the Turks. And again the settlers on the Danube in the category of serve Cossacks again, again, reaching the Danube Cossack army in the composition of two (equestrian and walking) regiments. Shelves were dissolved in a year. But the Danube army as an administrative unit in the region has been preserved. Little of. People are disastrously lacked and the royal power applied their usual vicious practice. In the summer of 1836, the surrounding settles of Gypsies were attributed to the Danube army! And in the autumn of 1838, the "retired lower ranks of good behavior" were attributed to the army.
In the winter of 1844 from the Ust-Danube and Budzhak Cossacks, South Slavic settlers and "other people of different titles and origin", the Danube Cossack army as a military force in the composition of two horse regiments was again formed. And on the occasion of the start of hostilities in 1854, the third equestrian regiment was also formed. And Danube Cossacks served right. For war, this shelf troops received from the king banners - the award is high and honorable.
Raddled guns and did not need the Cossack service. At first in 1856, the Danube army was renamed Novorossiysk. And on December 3, 1868, on the highest command, the Novorossiysk Cossack army was abolished. The banners of the troops were commissioned to the church of the volunteering village, and the population of the troops is finally drawn to the civil status. Well, in the inner provisions of the royal power, the Cossacks were not needed. And if the king did not solve the Don Army to abolish, then with the power of the authorities, it is possible and not to ceremony. Once, and no troops, as if never happened.

Ukrainian Cossack army.

On the Ukrainian Cossacks leaves roots in a wild field. During the time of Polish-Lithuanian dominion, an administrative governance system has developed in Ukraine - the separation of non-regions, but on the shelves - Vinnitsa, Chigirinsky, Cherkasy, Kanevsky and others. However, with the arrival of Ukraine under the arm of the White Tsar, the situation began to change. First, individual liberty went into the past, and then the institute of the hetman government himself.
In the still time of Napoleonic invasion, the king was ready to capture any opportunity to ensure victory. The magnitude mobilization of the Cossack troops helped. But this was not enough. And on June 5, 1812, it was announced the creation of the Ukrainian Cossack troops from the Cossack service of the village of Kiev and part of Kamenet-Podolsk province as part of four 8-squadron regiments. And already in August 1814, silver pipes "in the rewarding of excellent exploits rendered in the past company were complained by these regiments. However, the history of all the above-described troops was repeated and on October 26, 1816, the Ukrainian Cossack Division was renamed the Ukrainian Ulan Cavalry Division. Ukrainian Cossacks made up the Ulan Shelves (numbers from the 7th to the 10th) of the Russian Army. These shelves existed in the ranks of our regular cavalry to the very troubles of 1917.

Azov Cossack army.

Azov - Cossack city. Done's Cossacks in the 17th century, they proved not only taking a strong Turkish stronghold, but also withstanding the siege, the "Azov seat". That's just could not hold for me. Then, with the help of regular troops, Sagittarov and Cossacks, Azov took the attack of Peter the Great. And he could not retain again - returned to the Turks. But our power attached and taking once again the city of Russia approved him.
In 1828, part of the Sannaya Zaporozhtsev who left at one time from the limits of the empire returned to Russian service. At the head of them stood ataman smooth. Fleotilla Zaporozhtsev very helped the Russian army. And on the highest command of April 4, 1829, the Danube Cossack Regiment was formed from the Zaporozhetsev Ataman Gladky. For feats when crossing through the Danube shelf later, in 1831, a banner was granted. And in the spring of next year, the Zaporozhtsy, all overwhelmed in the Russian service, made a special Azov Cossack army, watered in the Novorossiysk Territory. According to a special position on the troops, it was obliged to put the following parts to the service: a sea battalion, a hiking semi-cruise team and cruising teams for the protection of the Black Sea coast. The highest order of June 1, 1844, the first relic was awarded - the military banner. In the Crimean company of the Cossacks, the troops distinguished themselves so that on August 26, 1856, the Cossacks of AKV granted the St. George Banner.
However, the world gradually reigned in Novorossia, and the Cossack strength and valor needed in any other place. The empire led a long and stubborn struggle in the Caucasus. Therefore, soon after the Crimean War of the Cossacks of the Azov troops began to relocate in the Caucasus. The first 800 immigrants went to the Caucasus in the summer of 1862 by order of the Military Ministry for No. 143 of May 10, 1862 and it was the beginning of the end of the glorious troops. The Azovs were included in the Kuban troops and October 11, 1864, the Azov Cossack army was abolished, and his banners were stored in the Kuban army. And now the descendants of the Sannaya Cossacks are natural Kuban Cossacks.

Stavropol Kalmyk army.

Kalmyks, free steppe people, fragments of the Empire of Batya. They often performed against Russia, then, on the contrary, on her side. Christianity gradually began to spread among Kalmykov. And it was decided all the baptized Kalmykov to give the prince of Petra Tisch under the arm, building a fortress in the steppe. And indeed the secret adviser Tatishchev near the Volga in the tract of the Kunya Voloshka built the fortress, which in 1739 was called the Stavropol. This fortress became the residence of the head of baptized Kalmykov. But the prince of Tisin could not lead his people, he died back in 1736. Therefore, the case continued his wife, Princess Tyshin. All Kalmyks living in the vicinity of Stavropol constituted a special army. However, the rules of control of the army were established in the winter of 1745, when all Kalmyks were divided into five mouths. And in the spring of 1756, the troop banner "Stavropol" and 5 hundreds of badges were granted 1756.
In 1760, the tsiungan baptized Kalmyks, who came out of the Kyrgyz Caisac captivity, who made up three more military companies were attached to the army. Then a few decades, the service of the Kalmyk troops walked to her! Only in the fall of 1803, the Russian government abused the provision of cases in Stavropol and approved the provision on the formation of the Stavropol Kalmyk troops in the composition of one thousandth Stavropol regiment. With this situation, the army existed as a separate community until May 24, 1842, when Kalmyki troops were attached to a larger structure - the Orenburg Cossack army.
Today, as part of the Union of Cossacks of Russia, there is such a structure as Cossack Calmyki Cossack. The Republic of Kalmykia in the composition of Russia is a small state. But President Kalmykia K. N. Ilyumzhinov, a delegate of the constituent circle of the Union of Cossacks of Russia and the Cossack Colonel, helps this structure to the best of their strength and opportunities. And even in the absence of the Federal Law on the Cossacks Cossack Army of Kalmykia serves Russia.

Bashkiro-Meshcheryak army.

In 1574, the fortified city of Ufa was founded, and all the inhabitants of the Orenburg Territory are subcuting Russia. However, for a long time, the Russian government did not take any measures to attract Bashkir to the sovereign service. Only in 1714, Bashkirts were first sent to Siberia to serve. Siberia was built and the construction was to guard. However, already in 1724 it was "commanded not to include Bashkirts in the layout on the shelves." The age of the 18th was stormy and already in January 1736, on the occasion of war with Turkey, the Bashkir settlements received an outfit for 3,000 riders. The same 3,000 riders participated in the seven-year war in the Russian army.
Very long slept among Bashkir and Meshcheryakov Pugachev Bunct. And this riot was surfed in the blood. Going to the throne, Emperor Paul abused the solution of many problems facing the country. And in the spring of 1798. For the first time, the correct military separation of the Bashkir troops was held. 12 Bashkir and 5 Meshcheryak cantons were formed. The era of Napoleonic wars demanded the voltage of all the forces of the Russian state. In the spring of 1811, 2 Meshcheryaksky was formed from the troops, and in August 1812, in the midst of the invasion, - 20 Bashkir regiments. And Bashkiro-Meshcheryak army Valiantly beat with the enemy common for the whole empire. The guns and pipes and the service of the Bashkir regiments were no longer needed. In 1846, only the 4th, 5th and 9th cantons remained on the rights of troops, in military situation. Others were transferred back to civil status. Therefore, with the beginning of the Crimean War, the army formed only 4 Bashkir regiment. Already during the war, the army was reformed. Now it amounted to 13 Bashkir and 4 Meshcheryak canton. On the schedule of peaceful time, Bashkira and Meshcheryaki, one equestrian regiment was formed from all troops.
In 1863, on May 15, the provision on Bashkir troops was approved. However, in the summer of 1865, the army passed into submission to the Ministry of the Interior. A military reform led to the fact that in 1874, only one squadron began to form the troops from the entire composition. The following year, the Bashkir squadron was reformed in the division. Only on April 1, 1878, the Division was deployed to the Bashkir equestrian regiment. However, the new system of forming the army allowed the government to abandon some irregular military units. And on July 24, 1882, the Bashkir equestrian regiment was disbanded. Only in wartime from Bashkir was decided to form parts of the equestrian militia. So the story of another troops ended.

Crimean Tatar army.

Tatars, proud descendants of the Horde of Genghis Khan. Warriors-nomads were able to not only rob their neighbors, but also to serve correctly. Tatar parts were both Russian and Polish service. Yes, steppe predators did not differ in the gloomy of the Nrava, but the Lyhai service and demanded that such qualities.
In Crimea, for a long time there was the last fragment of the Mongol Empire - Crimean Khanate, recognizing his dependence on the Ottoman Empire. Then by one stroke of the pen, leaning on the bayonets and guns of their generals Catherine Great attached to the Crimea (Tavrichesky Peninsula) to Russian territories. However, regular troops for the protection of the region lacked and the government in the spring of 1784 went to the formation of local residents, several Tauridious national divisions were formed, which existed in Crimea until 1796. The era of Napoleonic Wars aroused a decision on the formation of large formations from the residents of the Peninsula. And in the period from 1808 to 1817. As part of the Russian regular army, Simferopolsky, Perekopsky, Evpatoria and Feodosia horse shelves operated. And during the war of 1812, the shelves distinguished these many. For these differences in the summer of 1827, the Life Guard was formed by the Crimean Tatar squadron, reformed in the spring of 1863 in the team of the Life Guard of the Crimean Tatars of his own Majesty Conv, and existed in the new capacity until May 1890
As for the regular parts of the Russian army, only in the spring of 1874. A separate squadron was formed from the Crimean Tatars, then reformed into the division. On February 24, 1906, the Division was deployed to the Crimean Dragun Regiment. In December 1907, the regiment was renamed the Crimean Equestrian, and on October 10, 1909 - in the Crimean equestrian Majesty of the Empress Empress Alexandra Fedorovna Regiment. According to the order at the Military Office No. 166 of April 5, 1911, the regiment was awarded seniority from March 1, 1874.
This regiment passed in the ranks of the Russian army all the first world war. Then he saw the revival and fall of the Crimean National Government. The officers of the regiment (and first of all Colonel Bako) revived the regiment in the ranks of the volunteer army of the south of Russia. Together with the remnants of the Russian military, the regiment was evacuated from the Crimea in November 1920. A union of the Crimean regiment was formed in Paris.

Greek (Albanian) army.

The last great project of Catherine Great. She dreamed of merging the Balkans under the rule of his grandson of Constantine. Therefore, in 1774, when the Russian fleet fought in the archipelago, the Albanian army was formed from the Greeks and Albanians in the Russian service. After the end of the war with the Turks, the Greeks and Albanians were set by the Russian government in the Crimea near the Kerch fortress. In the summer of 1779, the Albanian army was reformed into the Greek Regiment. In the autumn of 1887, free divisions from Greeks and Albanians in the Russian service were formed in the Army of Prince Potemkin.
In the spring of 1796, the Greek regiment, the Greeks of free divisions and the Albanians minted into a separate Albanian division were resettled by the Russian government to the Odessa area. In December of the same year, the Greek Regiment switched to the submission of the Military Collegium and was reduced to the Greek infantry battalion. The following year, the battalion was transferred to Balaklava, and Albanian Division was completely disbanded. In the fall of 1803 in Odessa, a Greek battalion was again formed, and the battalion in Balaclava was renamed Balaklava. In the fall of 1810, the Greeks in Odessa and Balaclava were translated into the category of military settlers, and in the fall of 1819, the Odessa battalion was translated into Balaklava and is attached to the Balaclava infantry battalion. During the Crimean War in Sevastopol, Legion Nicholas first was formed in the period of the regular army from the South Slavs. However, the war soon ended, Legion was disbanded, and soon, on October 21, 1859, the Balaklava Greek infantry battalion was disbanded. The dream of the autonomy of the Greek settlers did not come true. Although the independence of Greece by the mid-19th century, Turkey recognized. But this is a completely different story.

Thus, we see - the Russian Empire was looking for various options for the protection of newly acquired regions - Malororsia, Novorossia, Tavria, the Caucasus and Bashkiria. And found the most optimal and low-cost method - the formation of Cossack communities or foreign communities on the likeness of Cossack. Then the need for the service disappeared or significantly weakened and the army was disbanded. Who knows, pass through the Russian empire a little longer and the number of traditional troops of the Cossacks of Russia would change very much. Today in modern Russia in the absence of a firm state policy regarding the Cossacks, we see confrontation and mutual misunderstanding between the registered societies and public structures.

In the beginning. XX centuries The Russian Empire, as Knight, rose on the eve of the choice of the path in the historical future. The world is rapidly, but still changing. It would seem that everything went brilliantly: there is an increase in technical progress (including in Russia! The empire went to the first places in the world in oil production, steel smelting, even in engineering); Magnificent flourishing of culture and art. Everywhere at the newsreel of that time luxury and shine. The same in films of art. The cinema generally becomes the leading force, changing fashion and bringing new trends: it is from there that borrow the feminists of St. Petersburg and Berlin a short haircut actress Eva Lavalier. Everywhere theatrical premieres, balls, exhibitions ... Whose score was this luxury? About this in those years thought a few.

Nevertheless, the world, which seemed so joyful, promising and stable at the same time, hung on the hairs. The industrial and financial giants left are unhappy with the latest territorial section of the Planet Earth (this section was produced by the old, aristocratic rules of the monarchs and the noble governments of European colonial countries). They received some education and saw in the movie the temptations of "beautiful life", the workers began to elevate the voice, incited by revolutionary parties. The inequal peoples of the colonies were fighting colonializers.

"Neotitoral" nations of such "patchwork" states, like Austria-Hungary, were ready for any scandal, terrorist attack, political performance, just to attract the attention of the world community ... The world disassembled in front of her eyes. Shared interests melted like snow in the sun.
Russia also had their own problems, and considerable. And they were also implicit - "in the second plan." Perhaps this is precisely this silence made the citizens of the Russian Empire with unwitting to future shocks? And the temptations of the "beautiful life" and the "open world" have little to the face replaced the solid priorities of faith and loyalty to Fatherland? Anyway, at the beginning of the twentieth century, perhaps, all in Russia looked into the future with optimism: the intelligentsia was waiting for liberal freedoms, the bourgeoisie - the expansion of the markets, the peasantry - the redistribution of the Earth.
And did the Cossacks prepared to be ready for what was killed soon? How did it live at the time that the Cossacks in front of the world and revolution 1917 were waiting for?

At the beginning of the 20th century, Cossacks, probably, remained the most conservative part of the population of the Russian Empire. Living at the compact areas of the Donskoy, Kuban, Teresky, Siberian and other "Cossack troops" - they were numbered 11, - duty-freely using the land resources of these territories on the conditions of the magnitude military service of the empire, the Cossacks did not think about any possible changes in their lives. (And meanwhile, this image of their lives was already put by the government: there were doubts whether such a "blood of blood" was rational in new conditions? It is time to cancel it, and with him and "privileges"? Will the Cossacks are needed in future modernized - with airplanes, tanks, armadiors - wars? Answer this question in the coming giant battles of the first world was to have the Cossacks themselves ... and they managed to answer it.)

In the meantime, everything went to her! The Cossack was born, he studied to own a horse, a rifle, a peak and a checker, grown up to 20 years and went for a long, divided into several stages of military service. Even before the "call", he was involved in the difficult agricultural work of his family on the lands, "sliced" from the general-official for each Cossack. (In the future, marrying and acquiring the necessary agricultural machinery, he could live and work on his endowel on his own or hand over it for "non-resident".)

Cossack service in the full sense of the word was "and is dangerous, and difficult." And, most importantly, debt: In the XVIII century, the Cossack served 25 years, in the XIX - 20. According to the Charter, for 1913 the total service life of the Cossack is 18 years old. First - the year of "preparatory service"; then - twelve years of construction; And five years - "in a spare discharge."

For comparison: "The actual service" of the soldier of the Russian army lasted three or four years, depending on the kind of troops; Accordingly, 15 or 13 years he was "in stock." In addition, "Necazaki" were called to the army not all, but "by lot". Cossacks served nearby.

Even in the peaceful time, the Cossack service, according to historians, "cost" 25% of the loss of personnel: illness, clashes on the borders, accidents ... Twelve years in the rank - not a joke. Cossacks treated the need for such a service calmly and believed that it was necessary to carry it with honor. Father, accomplishing the Son "To Armeyushka", strictly punished "serve the debris and king," not to give up his ancestors. And if the son died, first of all asked, honestly he fulfilled his duty ... loyalty to the Cossacks of the Fatherland and the throne was out of doubt. (There is a kind of pre-revolutionary statistical "rating" of military loyalty of the peoples of Russia: the Cossacks occupy the first place in it. Behind them are ... Ukrainians. As you can see, everything changes, however, in those days, sometimes the Cossacks had to be compared with other peoples, and not with estates .)

Yes, the service remained honorable for the Cossacks, but also heavily. The welfare of the Cossack families depended directly from the results of their labor on the land plot; And in order to have the results, it is necessary that it was to work on this earth ... put on only men "cut", because they should have served only. Therefore, families tried to acquire a large number of children. And in the photos of those years you see the gray father, standing next to his wife, and behind him - a whole series of Cossacks, as in the military system. 10, 12, 15 children - it was considered in the order of things. Of course, there were among them and girls. And everyone was required to feed and raise "until the age" ...

In the service Cossack went in equipment, which his family acquired on his own funds (one rifle was then issued from the state). Without a doubt, the most expensive part of the "Cossack Help" was a stroke horse: to buy it, poor families got hurt from relatives, sold a shopping cattle. On this horse, they never plowed, did not harm in the arma or bunch - he had another job. It was necessary that the horse did not just have passed the official "acceptance" by the military commission: the horse became a combat comrade, an unchanged friend, sometimes the only chance of salvation in battle or in a difficult campaign. He, like the owner, also passed the fighting learning and, can be said, also served. "All the relatives are not more expensive than a horse," the Cossacks said.

The land of the Cossack troops (Donskoye, Kuban, Teresk) was a unified administrative territory as part of the Russian Empire. The troops were controlled by the appointed military atamans; Share on the county, the county - on the village, and the village - on the farm. Ataman's troops prescribed the sovereign; Stanic and farm atamans were chosen by the Cossacks of local societies. In general, the status of the Cossack had only the one who was "assigned" to any village. It concerned both lower ranks and generals, and atamans. Therefore, getting acquainted with each other, the Cossacks were primarily asked: "What is the village?". In the village and there was its own land Cossack, which he could not sell or give. The officers of this land had more - by rank. Static Atamans were carried out on the annual administrative, police and lower judicial territory. Necazaki could not buy land in troops; Thus, the population was shared on the Cossacks and "non-residents". Troops, however, had "their" cities. The capital of Donsky was the city of Novocherkassk, and here is the trading city of Rostov (-N-Donu), although it is located in the heart of Cossack lands, until 1887 was considered the county of Ekaterinoslav province.
The non-resident population of Donors' troops was mostly Ukrainians who were engaged in agriculture and, without having their land, they should have followed "unimes" (alas, such a situation "ASUED" during the civil war, when the horse's horse armies consisted mainly of those "Khokhlov "; With the empire, they served more in the dragoons - were cavalurists). On the lands of the troops of the Don A number of "non-residents" amounted to 57% of the population. On the lands of Teresky - 80%, and it was mostly potsy ...

There was a special status of the "shopping Cossack". Such Cossacks also attributed to the villages, they also had to serve on the general Cossack grounds. But from military service, they officially bought off and led commercial activities. The most famous "shopping Cossack" is the Donets of Epidifor Paramonov, the owner of a large number of steamers, granaries, mills. Paramons became pioneers in the field of electrification of the south of Russia. I can not not mention: known to many "Ilyich's light bulb", lit in the USSR, is obliged to them.

The life of the ordinary Cossacks was previously determined by the performance of the land on which they lived, and the demand for the fruits that this land produced. Thus, the Terkha Cossacks of the Kizlyar district, traditionally growing grapes for the highlight of wines and the vodka-kizylyaki known in Russia, were quite sufficient owners, and their nearest neighbors from the mountain villages could not bust. The Ural Cossacks have increased from the sturgeon River Urals - "Silver Coast, Golden Ronyshko." And the Cossacks of the Amur Troops, the land of which was the swamps away from industrial centers, in general, prevalently thoughtful. And it also affected during the civil war ...

Most Cossacks were Orthodox people, but in the Ural Cossack troops, according to tradition, the Old Believers prevailed, and the Kazaki-Kalmyki also included in the Donskoye, part of which Lamaism held. Among the Terek Cossacks in the Caucasus were Cossacks-Ossetians; A significant part of the Orenburg troops also represented foreigners. According to the laws of that time, the Cossack could generally become anyone who took and endowed the ground Stannel society. (I draw your attention to the fact that the decision in this issue belonged to the Cossacks themselves!) The person who burst into relations with the Static Society (and did not switched to another village), thereby leaving the Cossack class and lost his privileges. Cossacks who married "non-resident", the most common example.

Thus, the Cossacks in the Russian Empire were simultaneously and nationally lived in special rights within its compact areas, and the estate associated with the state by the obligation of the Military Military Service. Finally, it also performed a separate military structure of Russia: Cossacks can not be called "native troops" - they had their own cavalry and infantry (Kuban Plastuna), artillery and even combat ships. Nevertheless, the main service of the Cossacks took place on horseback: they were attracted in peacetime to patrols of borders, in security purposes, and in some cases and for the execution of police functions. (It is believed that the Cossacks remained not delighted with the last "specialization". The truth should be said to say that in their territories they accelerate the rallies and pacified mines, without complaining. In St. Petersburg or Moscow - a different matter)

In the life of Cossacks. The twentieth century cared primarily about the crop, the surprise of livestock, the purchase of modern agricultural equipment (his many - the production of well-known European firms was purchased by the wealthy stannels). We are important for them were the issues of sizing land between the styles and the districts, which were carried out regularly and often marked the conflicts of the societies adjacent to each other. In families, they tried to increase the fertility and at least somehow "plan" her so that when some sons serve, others could take on a share of the whole work.

It was required to marry the daughter in time, to marry the Son before he goes to the service (it was so reliable to continue his Cossack Rod) ... The Cossacks went mainly at the clothes, which was their military uniform, - with "add-ons" and the replacement of some Elements: For example, instead of the boot, leather sensors were wore. In contrast to the current fashion of the Cossacks on a military uniform in the then Artites fashionable was photographed in "civilian clothes" - in jackets, hats. It was particularly characteristic of young people. They sang their, vintage Cossack songs, but urban tunes have already started to penetrate the female repertoire ... Civilization has affected the patriarchal Cossack society more and more. Atamans and military board were mainly engaged in the usual administrative and bureaucratic fiber (when an hour will come to the beaches deprived of the Cossack circles deprived of the king, to choose the military atamans themselves, to solve political issues, then in most cases there are no people who are not ready for such activities. Accustomed only to carry out orders and correct to serve).

We must say two words and about "Cossacks" - so at the time called Cossack patriotism and national pride. This phenomenon was common in the Cossack environment. But such a beginning was manifested primarily in a certain aesthetic and behavioral model of violence, militant beauty, courage and mixtures - in the fact that the Cossacks were called "task". Only rare individuals seriously turned out to be concerned about the thoughts of the free Cossack past and the prospects for the possible independent future. Cossack society looked at their throwing with sympathy, but there are few people seriously accepted ...

In the political life of Russia, the Cossacks took part, as well as the rest of the population of the Empire, with the creation of the State Duma. And it's really not figured out this. Just did not have time: too short was the term - since 1905; too frequent interruptions in the work of the Duma; Too contradictory and inconsistent positions of Duma politicians. Yes, and the mechanisms of the representative office of deputies were not worked out ... All these political games in the distant Petersburg reached the Cossacks weakly. And interested in the Cossacks mostly local economic issues and the conditions of service.
So everything looked before the great war and the destructive revolution. It seems to be firmly, traditionally, with a solid faith and ordinary for the Cossacks fearlessly in battle and practicality in everyday life ... And the test time was already on the threshold.

P.S. The author of this article is well aware that it is only a study nature and to a certain extent is a "libez" on the topic. I sincerely recommend interested reader an excellent book of the historian of the Cossacks of Vladimir Torut "Dear Fame and Lost".

Modern Russian Cossacks are an economic phenomenon. People wishing to be called Cossacks are primarily engaged in searching for earnings, and in the latter identity issues. They are important benefits, tax breaks and subsidies. Barania hat and trousers with lamps matter as long as they bring income. As soon as the hat becomes just a hat, the number of people who want to wear sharply.

According to the Federal Law of December 5, 2005, N 154-FZ "On the State Service of Russian Cossacks", people calling themselves the Cossacks and the registry entered into the registry have the right to be involved in the public service. The list includes the protection of the order, extinguishing fires, rescue operations, assistance to military registration and enlistment offices, the patriotic education of the youth of the pre-age age.

The Cossack is quite simple. It is enough to submit a statement written by the hand, confess to Orthodoxy, "divide the ideas of the Cossacks" and to enlist the recommendations of the two people already adopted into the organization. There are no restrictions on age and health.

The reception itself is carried out as follows - before the system, the text of the "Cossack oath" is read, signature opposite the surname, the cross and the gospel kiss. Then the banner is kissing. In the "oath", the future Cossack "Prost Honest Cross and the Holy Gospel" promises "faith and truth to serve the Fatherland, the Church of Orthodox, Honest Cossacks, Holy Store Good Cossack traditions and customs." At the end of the ceremony, Ataman congratulates the new Cossack, the priest Kropitis His Holy Water, the Cossacks pass before the Ataman solemn march.

Cossack organizations have no specialization and, as a result, no and permanent work. They are actively looking for her by offering their services to everyone. Cossacks are hired reluctantly. Only if at any state organization suddenly there will be a need for an additional set of unskilled employees. For obvious reasons, this happens rarely.

On the sites of Cossack organizations, reports on how Cossacks have assistance to the military office, agitating young people do not shy away from calling; How to help the police maintain order during major church holidays; How to organize concerts of folk music, perform the duties of the warriors.

Cossacks have no right to use force and there is no right to carry weapons. Therefore, they cannot have security services. To obtain the right to apply force, Cossacks need to undergo special training and certification - as well as all other citizens of Russia.

Cossack Private Security Enterprise is a double package of documents. First you need to register in the Ministry of Justice Cossack society, which is rather troublesome. And then separately register a private security company in the Ministry of the Interior.

Since the Cossack communities have no permanent work, people who for one or another are not suitable for service in Russian powerful departments and private security enterprises.

A young military specialist who has recently served in the army, with good physical data, with a sports discharge and a diploma of a technical school, can qualify for a place, for example, to Riot. Salary and social security in this detachment of special purpose is significantly higher than the average in the country. Having a good chance of a career in a normal power department, to go into the Cossacks, where there is no work, no money, no career prospects - to put it mildly, not the most rational decision.

In Russia, a huge army and a huge market of security services. According to various sources, about a million people are employed in the law enforcement and intelligence bodies. Approximately the same is busy in the army and as much as in private security structures. Given the recent changes in foreign and domestic politics, in the near future, security forces will not have any abbreviations. On the contrary, their states will only expand, and wages to grow.

In the suburbs there are new neighborhoods built for military and their families, which are regularly reported by federal media. Considering how slowly the Russian state provides military housing, this indicates fundamental changes. Military specialties are in demand again.

At the same time, people calling themselves the Cossacks, defiantly applying for the status of the military, turned out to be unclaimed. This unequivocally testifies to their low professional level.

It cannot be said that the Cossacks are not trying to penetrate the powerful agencies and does not want to enter the market of force services. To engage in the guard of stalls with monastic pies and retell Russian propaganda to schoolchildren - not the most profitable occupation. They are trying, but every time losing more experienced companies.

A recent example - In November 2015, a contract was concluded between the Office of the Judicial Department of Moscow and the private security organization "Cossack Guardian", established by the military Cossack Society "Central Cossack Army". According to the contract, within two months, the Cossacks had to guard ten district vessels of Moscow. The contract price amounted to 3.3 million rubles. Since January, the Cossacks took protected by all 35 district courts of the capital. At the end of January 2016, lawyers of the Foundation for the fight against corruption Alexei Navalny appealed to the Moscow Prosecutor's Office demanding to verify the legality of the conclusion of the contract with the Cossacks.

The federal antimonopoly service recognized the contract illegal. The location of the "Cossack Guardians" was occupied by the Federal State Unitary Enterprise "Protection", the subordinate to the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Russian Federation. "Protection" was established in 2005 on the basis of militarized and guard units of private security under the internal affairs bodies of the Russian Federation.

Another example - in the Russian press there were many conversations about the creation of military units, 100% commissioned by the Cossacks. They said that the 22nd Brigade of the internal troops, located in the city of Kalach-on-Don, will be made fully Cossack.

At the Cossack sites, you can find instructions on individual military units that collaborate with the Don Army. The essence of cooperation is young people who recognize themselves with the Cossacks pass the urgent service in this part, and not in a random, as it usually happens. At the end of April of the current year, Ataman Kuban Cossack troops Nikolai Doloud announced the desire of Cossacks to enter the National Guard. The application has been left unanswered yet.

Recently, quite a lot refers to the financing of the Cossack Movement. Called the figure - 1 billion rubles per year. It is necessary to understand what are the total costs of payment for security services in Russia. According to RBC calculations based on Rosstat's data, if in 2011 the cumulative costs amounted to 335 billion rubles, then in 2013 - 587 billion. Against this background, money allocated from the federal budget to maintain the Cossack movement seem ridiculous.

Apparently, the Cossacks have no support and there is no lobby in order for them to identify at least one military unit. In addition, they are not able to keep the rare contracts that they somehow manage to get.

When we talk about the Cossacks, we are talking about unemployed military specialists, by virtue of a number of reasons for those who have lost their professional skills. Without the opportunity to settle, they are taken for the lowest job. Their constant participation in loud scandals and attacks, fraught with criminal cases, testifies to this.

As an example, the odious Baltic Separate Cossack District can be given. On August 15, 2015 in Kaliningrad, a group of unknown people attacked the Franz Kafka and George Orwell forum. Forum participants learned in the attackers of Cossacks related to the Baltic Cossack Cossack District - the Baltic Cossack Union of the Kaliningrad region. "

According to the data of the Kaliningrad business portal Rugrad.eu, this Union is closely associated with the authorities, in particular, with the Government of the Kaliningrad region, which grants allocates him from time to time.

In 2015, the Baltic Separate Cossack District - the Baltic Cossack Union "Ataman Maxim Bogov (Buga is part of the two councils under the governor of the Kaliningrad region Nikolae Tsukanov and is a prominent member of the ONF) received a grant from the budget of 139 thousand rubles for a scientific and practical conference" Cossacks and notaries. Historical experience of opposing corruption and modernity. " The same amount of the Government of the Kaliningrad region allocated the Society "named after St. Nicholas of the Wonderworker", which is also included in the "Baltic Separate Cossack District". This time the grant was allocated to the regional heroic-patriotic festival of Cossack societies "Baltic Sich". Ataman of this society is a former deputy of the regional Duma and the owner of the Kenigavto motor transport enterprise Mikhail Dudarev.

In the distribution of grants, the Commissioner for the Rights of Entrepreneurs of the Kaliningrad Region of Georgy Deliov took part. According to the Unified State Register of Legal Entities, Delhikov is related to the Cossack Khutur "Savior", which also received from the regional government of 139 thousand on the author's program of the heroic and patriotic education of the Cossack orientation "Roads of Fathers Fame".

The attack on the Kafka and Orwell forum, as well as an attack on Alexei Navalny in Anapa is the work that is hardly a successful military, or a police officer, or a security guard. It is dirty and dangerous work for the unemployed security forces, which in general there is nothing to lose. And it is precisely that makes them so dangerous.