Offer with a repeated union, then. Changes of punctuation with homogeneous members of the sentence with alliances and without unions. Punctuation in sentences with homogeneous members connected by writing alliances

Compound connecting union and can associate:

homogeneous sentences;
simple sentences in the composition of the complex;
uniform additives in a complex sentence with several apparent.

Signs of punctuation with homogeneous members of the sentence

If homogeneous members of the sentence are associated with a single union and, the comma is not put between them.
For example: I have two brothers and three sisters.

If homogeneous members of the sentence are associated with a repeated union and, the comma between them is set. At the same time, the comma is placed before the second of the repetitive unions.
For example: in the store we bought bread and sausage, and butter, and potatoes.

If in front of homogeneous members of the proposal associated with the repeated union and, there is a member of the sentence without the Union, then the comma is raised before the first repetitive union.
For example: in the store we bought bread, sausage, and butter, and potatoes.

Attention! The comma does not put in such expressions as dad and mom, and grandparents and the like, since both words can be replaced by one, for example, parents.

Punctuation marks in a complex sentence

If the Union and connects simple proposals in the composition of the complex, then the comma is always put before him.
For example: Spring began, and all the roads blocked.

The comma is not placed if both parts of the complex offer have a general secondary member.
For example: in the morning, birds wake up in the forest and wild animals are hunting (and birds wake up, and the animals go hunting in the morning).

Punctuation marks with homogeneous apparent

In a complex proposal with several appendages, the apparent can be combined with a homogeneous coented (i.e., they join the main same alliances and respond to the same issues). Such apparent can be connected to the union among themselves and, while the second subordinate the union is lowered. The comma in front of the union is not put.
For example: [Neighbor informed me], (that the children have already come from school) and (his father returned from a business trip).

I do not need - there is no generalizing words or dependent words.

...With double repetition Others unions but, the comma is always put.

Now about the features of the semicolon at twofold repetition of the Union and .

With twofold repetition of the union and (if the number of homogeneous members is two) the comma is put in the presence of a generalizing word With homogeneous membership members: Everything reminded of autumn: and yellow leaves, and fogs in the morning; the same without a generalizing word but in the presence of dependent words With homogeneous members: Now it was possible to hear individually and noise of rain, and noise of water (Bulg.).

However, in the absence of these conditions, with homogeneous members of the proposals that form close semantic unity, the comma may not be put: (T.); And during the day and night the cat is a scientist all walks around the chain around (P.).

Note-1:

Do not confuse the repeated union and and unions andsupplied at different bases: It was quiet and dark and sweetly smelled herbs (first and worth between homogeneous parts of the main member of the sentence, and the second and Joins part of a challenging offer).

Note-2:

Do not put a comma in solid phraseological combinations with repeated unions and ... I. nor ... nor (they connect words with opposable values): and day and night, old and young, and laughter and grief, and there, and that and the same, and there, and here, neither two or two, nor give either shatter nor a short one, nor ahead, Neither the bottom of the tire, nor the same, nor to become neither of nor alive, nor nor nor, nor a rumor, neither spirit, nor to people, no fish, nor so neither soak, nor Nor Shalko Narco nor the same et al. Same with paired combinations of words, when the third is not given: and the husband and wife, and the earth and the sky.

After making additions to the question.

Summarizing would look like this:

And I am a cheek to subside both scoundrels: and that and that.

With one dependent word, we will not get any phraseologicalism, no one combination.

With two homogeneous members with the repeated union and the comma, it is not put if close semantic unity is formed (usually such homogeneous members do not have explanatory words with themselves), for example: There were summer and autumn rainies ... (Zhukovsky); The circle was light and green (Turgenev); Oh, full, full of battle, there are sitheries and a brocade (Nekrasov); He Her and lived and breathe (A.K. Tolstoy); The coastal strip crossed by capes, went to that and the other way (Semushkin).

If homogeneous members of the explanatory words have a comma in these cases usually put on, eg: ... in your heart there are pride and a straight honor (Pushkin); The listed aspen was attached by themselves and grass, and a small shrub (Turgenev); Everything around changed: and nature, and the nature of the forest (L. Tolstoy).

"Our" case - and the one and the other side.

You can highlight three most dangerous unionsWhen you meet with which you need to be particularly attentive: and, yes (in meaning and ), or. And if they appear alone, then you need to keep the Ear Egor.

And union or yes (in meaning and ) are not as often as a union and. This union is truly omnipresent. Try to experiment: Open any text (artistic, journalistic, scientific) and find the page on which there is not a single union and . You will have a lot to work hard, spend a lot of time, and hardly your searches are crowned with success.

If you met a dangerous union - this is the signal: "Danger! Do not hurry! Think! ".

So, we see: we have an offer in which you need to place the punctuation marks. What should I do first? Right! Determine how many grammatical foundations.If the proposal is simple - he has some punctuation signs if the proposal is complex - others.

"Non-hazardous" unions and allied words are creatures that are posted: "We demand a comma! (or some other punctuation sign) ". For example, a, but, that, which,, because, so, if etc.

But the "dangerous" unions shout about what they special, Therefore, for them there are their own, separate punctuation rules!

Let's try to collect together these rules to facilitate the work of all of us studying Russian.

The first group is complex sentences. Second group - proposals Simple with homogeneous members(subject to, beyond, additions, definitions, circumstances). In each group, its list of punctuation rules for "dangerous" unions.

We will analyze them in order.

When the proposal is complex

The rule on the statement of the comma in a complex proposal is very simple: if the proposals have some common grammatical or semantic elements, commaed between simple proposals before a single "dangerous" union is not put.

Such common elements can be:

1) General secondary sentence sentence.

Ivan Ivanovich Large expressive eyes of tobacco color and mouth are somewhat similar to the letter Izhitsa. (N. V. Gogol)

Who has big eyes? In Ivan Ivanovich. And who is like a letter to Izhitsa? Also in Ivan Ivanovich. The total supplement is equally and to the first sentence, and to the second.

Be careful! A secondary member of the sentence should really be common!

Compare. At the berth slowly make their work movers, and smoothly sail to the ocean huge liners.

You can immediately think that At the pier - General secondary member. But then it turns out that the liners sail into the ocean w. pier, and this is not the case: the liners sail from Pier, and movers make their work w. Pier. There is no common secondary member, so the comma is needed.

2) General additive offer.

If it were not for rainsAll the greens would have dried long ago and the earth would lie in wrinkles and cracks.

3) General Proposal.

Swallow said goodbye to a deweistAs soon as the sun harvested and the earth melted.

If the "dangerous" union repeated, None of the general members of the sentence are not important - the comma is still put.

Here once was Taiga, and Bears were found and Skilling age-old mighty trees.

Union and repeats, therefore, despite the availability of general circumstances here, simple proposals are separated by commas.

When the proposal is simple

The rule of semicolons with homogeneous members is also simple: the comma is not put if the union is single; If the "dangerous" union is repeated, the comma is necessary.

Examples:

1. Pine grew in the forest andbirch.

2. In the forest grew and pine and Birch.

3. Pines grew in the forest, and birch and aspen.

4. Pine grew in the forest and Birch, Osina and Oak trees.

Is it difficult to remember this? When examples, schemes and rules, probably, not. But there are sometimes suggestions in the texts, the punctuation marks in which may cause difficulties.

1. The temptation to put an unnecessary comma is particularly great in cases where homogeneous members of the proposal, connected by the "dangerous" union, are not up to the side, but are divided by in other words. The more such words, the more I want to put a comma. And if we are the poetic text, then the intonation is also pushing to formulate an extra comma.

Look at the following sentences, think where you wanted to put a comma.

1. Rides with a diploma messenger
AND Finally arrived.

2. Moon in the torp
From clouds to cloud and mound
Instant shine ignored.
(A. S. Pushkin)

The punctuation marks are arranged correctly, the commas are not needed.

2. A pairs of homogeneous members may be homogeneous and inhomogeneous.

Compare two offers.

In summer and In winter, in the rain and in hail, at night andin the afternoon, they go save people.

Couples of homogeneous circumstances relate to one member of the sentence - to the fault, so the comma is separated.

Serbian writers and Poets Berezhno and Sharpently collected andrecorded in the villages and Weighs People's songs and fairy tales.

All pairs of homogeneous members belong to different members of the proposal and are heterogeneous in relation to each other, so they are not separated by commas.

3. "Dangerous" unions in one sentence may be somewhat, so you need to find out what work every union performs, then put the punctuation marks.

AND The heart beats in the jet,
ANDfor him resurrected again
AND deity and inspiration
AND Life, and tears, and love. (A. S. Pushkin)

Before us a complex offer, simple proposals are connected by the Union and; In the second part we see homogeneous to be with a repeated union and.

In the grammar of the Russian language there are cases when we, do not hesitate, quickly and accurately put the punctuation marks, for example, comma in front of the opponent unions but and but. However, there are moments when needed lubility and attentiveness And you need to think about how the proposal is arranged, what are the semantic relationships of parts, only after that placing punctuation marks. Do not forget the Russian proverb: Hurry up - rush people.

Good luck to the Russian language!

Have questions? Do not know how to arrange punctuation signs with homogeneous members?
To get a tutor help - register.
The first lesson is free!

the site, with full or partial copying of the material reference to the original source is required.

Uniforms are called such members of the sentences that are responsible for the same question and refer to the same member of the proposal or are explained by the same member of the sentence.

Compare two suggestions:

I often getletters andparcels. I ofteni get andsend Letters.

In the first sentence, two additions answer the question of what? And relate to the same faugible, and in the second sentence two fags are explained by one common addition.

Uniform members are usually expressed by the words of one part of speech, as it was in the proposals above, but can be expressed in different parts of speech. For example: He spoke slowly from Large pauses. In this proposal, the first circumstance is pronounced by adder, and the second - nouns with the pretext.

Uniform members in sentences can be distributed, that is, they may have dependent words. Consider the next proposal carefully.

Men removed from head caps andbowed.

Here are two homogeneous fags (filmed and bowed): the first is common with the circumstance (from the head) and the addition (caps), and the second is not common (it does not have dependent words).

In one sentence there may be several rows of homogeneous members. For example:

The moon rose and covered the road, the field and houses of the village.

The first number of homogeneous members in this proposal is created by the faugible, the second - additions.

Homogeneous and inhomogeneous definitions

To the same word, a sentence may include several definitions that may be homogeneous and inhomogeneous. To learn to distinguish between these two types of definitions, it is necessary, since homogeneous definitions on the letter are separated by commas, and there is not a comma between inhomogeneous definitions.

1. Uniform definitions are pronounced with the enumeration intonation and characterize the subject on one side: in color, form, size, and so on.

In the mornings, the sun beats in a gazebo through purple, purple, green and lemon foliage (POUST).

In this sentence, four definitions for the word foliage, they are homogeneous, since everyone is called color and are pronounced with the intonation of the listing.

Inhomogeneous definitions characterize the subject from different sides and are pronounced without enumeration intonation, for example:

Was unbearable hot July day (Turgenev).

Definition hot informs us about the weather, and the definition of July is about what month was this day.

Please note that homogeneous definitions can be connected to writing alliances, and if there are no unions, they can be easily inserted. Compare the three suggestions below.

He owned German, French, English.
He owned German, French and English.
He owned both German, and French and English.

2. Uniform definitions cannot be expressed by adjectives relating to different lexical discharges.

If definitions are expressed by adjectives, then determine whether they should be separated by commas, in the following way. It is known that adjectives are divided into three categories: quality, relative and Pictures . If one words have definitions expressed by adjective different discharges, then these definitions will be inhomogeneous.

On the porch stands his old woman inexpensive sobolia shower (Pushkin).

The word of the showering two definitions: expensive (high-quality adjective) and sable (relative adjective).

3. Definitions are considered inhomogeneous if one definition is pronounced or numeral, and the other is adjective.

Consider examples on illustration.

Why don't you wearnaught new dress?
Finally we waitedfirst warm days.

4. Sometimes in artworks, proposals can meet in which between definitions characterizing the subject from different sides are commas.

Read offers from the works of I. A. Bunin and A. P. Chekhov. In them, the authors seek to create a single, holistic idea of \u200b\u200bthe subject or phenomenon, and such definitions can be considered homogeneous.

Comingrainy, dirty, dark fall (Chekhov).
Clear days changedcold, bluish sulfur, silent (Bunin).

Punctuation in sentences with homogeneous members connected by writing alliances

Writing alliances in Russian speech are divided into three categories: connecting, dividing and opposing.

Value connectors Unions can be conventionally indicated by the phrase: "and that, and that." They connect two homogeneous member among themselves. Value dividing Unions can be defined as follows: "Or then, or it." Such unions indicate the possibility of only one homogeneous member of several or their alternation. Value promotional Unions expressed otherwise: "Not that, and this." Provicary unions oppose one homogeneous member to another. Consider examples of unions of each discharge on the illustration.

Please note that the union is recorded in the column with connecting unions, and in a column with opponent unions. The fact is that it can be used in two values. Compare two sayings: Without thread yes needles fur coats do not sew and Small spool yes Roads. In the first saying, the Union can be replaced by and, and in the second one - on but.

Some writing unions consist of several words, for example, both ... and; Not only ... But I. Such unions are called composite.

Statement of commas in proposals, where homogeneous members are associated with writerous alliances depends on what category they belong to.

Before writing unions connecting homogeneous members, the comma is placed in three cases:

1) If in the proposal, homogeneous members are associated with a comprehensive union:
Berry Krasnova,yes The taste of bitter. The task is difficultbut interesting;

2) If homogeneous members are associated with repeating unions:
In the forest one noisyand terriblyand fun(Fet);

3) If homogeneous members are connected by composite unions:
There will be a holidaynot only Today,but also tomorrow..

Now we turn to the cases when the comma in front of the unions connecting homogeneous members is not needed.

1. If homogeneous members are connected by a single connecting or dividing union, for example:

Pescari splashed in the cageand Perch.
In this forest on pines you can notice the squirrelor Dyatla.

2. If unions combine homogeneous members into pairs, for example:

There was a lot of knives in his collection and daggers, pistols and gunsDecorated with precious stones.

3. If two homogeneous members are connected by repeating alliances, but form a stable combination: both day and night, laughter and sin, nor no one, nor two or two or others or others.

We woke usn. shinen. Dash.

Punctuation signs in suggestions with generalizing words

Carefully read the offer.

Next to the house grew coniferoustrees: spruce, pines, fir.

In this example, four are subject to, but it is impossible to call them all homogeneous, because the first of them is the word trees - combines the subsequent, or, on the contrary, the three latter to be specified, specify the value of the first. Between the first and subsequent, you can insert a question: "And what exactly?".

If one of the words in the proposal is specified, refined by a number of homogeneous members, then such a word is called generalizing . Please note: a generalizing word is the same sentence that homogeneous members.

Generalizing words in suggestions can be expressed by different parts of speech, but especially often pronouns are used in this capacity, for example:

Nor a noble genus, nor beauty, nor strength, no wealth - nothing bit can (Pushkin) or So it was always: and a hundred, and three hundred years ago.

Generalizing words can also be expressed by integral phrases, for example:

Every day began to bring old Moseichmultiple large fish : shchek, iees, chunks, lines, perch (Aksakov).

In this proposal, the generalizing will be a combination of different large fish.

In sentences with generalizing words, punctuation marks are put in accordance with the rule of three main points.

1. If the generalizing word is facing homogeneous members, then the colon is placed after it.

Yellow maple leaves layeverywhere : machines.

2. If the generalizing word stands after homogeneous members, then before it is rated.

On the tracks, on the benches, on the roofs machines – everywhere lyed yellow maple leaves.

3. If the generalizing word stands in front of homogeneous members, and after them the proposal continues, then after a generalizing word put the colon, and after homogeneous members - dash.

Everywhere : on the tracks, on the benches, on the roofs machines – lying yellow maple leaves.

The exercise

He lay on his back_ and looked at the sky for a long time.

Essays of trees sprinkled with rain_ and agitated by the wind, began to speak from Mraka (Turgenev).

Exhausted_ dirty_ wet, we reached the shore (in Turgenev).

In deep silence, Chatko_ and carefully given in the garden of the Nightingale Solovya (Bunin).

I gathered my Dobrishko_ and returned to my sister (Bunin).

Rosa silvered on wet_ blahim_ dense colors_ and herbs (bunin).

The knock of the hooves_ ringing the wheels responded Thunder_ and were given from four sides (according to Gogol).

Noiser_ And no more sounded through the streets of the songs_ and shouts (Gogol).

We took with ourselves rubber_ inflatable boat_ and at the dawn left on it for the edge of coastal water lishes - catch fish. (POUST)

The waiter put on the table cold_ hot snacks, as well as the main dish - stuffed with salmon.

From somewhere outside came unexpectedly increasing_ mighty_ terrible noise of a huge crowd (Babel).

I threw a hard one in the wolf (paustovsky).

From here was visible big_ launched garden (A. Gaidar).

The menu contains a large selection of white white wine_ as well as carbonated drinks_ and juices.

Evgeny Schwartz grew up in small_ provincial_ southern city of Maykop.

In the depths of the garden, there was a clumsy_ two-storey shed, and under the roof of this barn, a small_ red flag (Gaidar) was waving.

Especially good in a gazebo in quiet_ autumn nights, when in the garden is noise in a low-speed) Rain (paustovsky).

The exhibition presents a lot of gas_ electric stoves and furnaces.

Ahead - desert_ September day (paustovsky).

He laid in a suitcase not only clothes_ but also books.

He decided to lay in a suitcase or clothes_ or books.

He pulled out the suitcase and put there_ and shirts_ and ties_ and the album with photos.

The album had photos of his wife_ and relatives_ and friends.

In the depths of the garden stood a small outline with small windows, which did not open or in the winter or summer.

On the table already stood pies_ and pancakes, pancakes and cheesecakes.

I order_ or ice cream_ or strawberry juice.

I will order ice cream_ or strawberry pie_ or cheesecake.

I will order_ not only ice cream_ but also apple pie.

Previously, the neighbor never seen neither steamers_ neither locomotives_ no wide rivers (Chekhov).

He is familiar with him. And the preserving life_ and peasant_ and the Meshchansky (Turgenev).

On the left side of the extensive fields of the leashk_ three_ or four villages_ and the village of Kolomenskoye with a high palace of her (Karamzin) were sent.

And the blue sea is a deceptive shaft in the clock of fatal bad weather_ and the strollery_ and boom_ and the evil dagger_ shoot the winner years (Pushkin).

The frequency was tested by bundles of dried pears and apples and ventilation carpets (according to Gogol).

The colors grew there a lot of the caravel peas_ kaski_ bells_ forget-butt_ field carnations (Turgenev).

He knows everything in everything that is important_ and entertaining for Russian man_ in horses_ and in cattle_ in the forest_ in bricks_ and in the dishes_ in the red product_ and in the leather_ in songs_ and dances (Turgenev).

The hare has many enemies: and wolf_ and lisa_ and man.

At home, Lee_ on the street Li_ on a visit_ everywhere he felt on himself whose look.

Tatiana prepared everything you need for embroidery_ multicolored threads_ beads_ sparkles_ beads.

In our department store you will be able to purchase various entanglements_ caps_ hats_ winter_ and sports caps.

Everywhere in the club_ on the streets_ on the benches at the gate_ in the houses_ there was noisy conversations (Garshin).

Everything merged, everything mixed up the land_ air_ sky.

On the other day, very tasty pies_ cancer and lamb cutlets (Czechs) were served to breakfast.

There were no human feelings in him. Neither love for son_ neither compassion to the neighbor left.

Deciduous trees_ aspen_ olha_ birch_a_ more goals (Solobukhin).

Rainbow drops red referred drops with red referred drops in red referred drops.

It was joyful_ young it was_ and in heaven_ and on Earth_ and in the heart of a person (Tolstoy).

_ And the coffin of the mystery fathers, destiny and life in their twread_ everything was subjected to their court (Pushkin).

And the subfolder, chasing the cows_ and the Amerleler, traveling in a britter through the dam, and the walking gentlemen_ everyone looks at the sunset and everyone finds that it is terribly beautiful, but no one knows and does not say what is the beauty (Czechs).

And the fact that they were sitting in the living room where everything_ and the chandelier in the case_ and chairs_ and the carpets under the legs_ said that here once went_ Sidel_ drank tea here these are the most people who looked from the frames now, and the fact that now silently Beautiful Pelagia walked - it was better than any stories (Chekhov).

Sometimes it happens that the clouds in the mess crowd on the horizon, and the sun, hiding behind them, pains them_ and the sky in all sorts of colors_ in the crimson_ orange_ gold_ lilac_ dirty pink; One cloud looks like a monk, another on the fish, the third to the Turk in Chalme (Chekhov).

The glow swept a third of the sky, glitters in the church cross_ and in the glasses of the Lord's house_ selects in the river_ and in the puddles_ trees in the trees; Far and far on the background of dawn flies somewhere to spend the night of wild ducks ... (Chekhov).

Imagine ... a cutting head with thick_noyed eyebrows_ with a bird nose_ with long_ gray mustes_ and with a wide mouth, from which a long-shaped crucious letter sticks out; This head is ineptly glued to the touch of a humpback tooching, dressed in a fantastic costume_ in Kutsu_ red jacket and wide_ bright blue harees; I walked this figure, putting the leg_ and the shoe shoes, said without removing the mouth of the Chubukka, but kept myself with purely Armenian dignity_ didn't smile_ not pouterled eyes and tried to pay for their guests as much attention.

A good conductor, passing the thought of the composer, makes the twenty business immediately_ reads the score, waving a stick_ follows the singer_ makes movement towards that drum_, then horn and so on. (Chekhov).

Alien People_ Alien Nature_ Pathetic Culture_ All this, brother, is not as easy as walking along Nevsky in a fur coat, under the handle with the hope of Fedorovna_ and dream of warm edges (Chekhov).

Hate background Korene_ and anxiety_ Everything disappeared from the soul (Chekhov).

Repeating unions

see Unions Repeating (in the Union Article).

Dictionary of linguistic terms. 2012

Children and Study - Information Portal