In this article, we will consider the algorithm for the formation and setting of goals. Let's figure out what it means to set goals correctly and how to achieve them. What can get in the way of what you want and how to increase motivation.

A goal is what a person strives for. This is a kind of image of the desired result or dream, which has a deadline. They are necessary

to a person in order to understand in which direction to move and how far we have advanced. Also to make the vision of life more achievable, certain and successful. Having a goal encourages a person to move forward and achieve results. A clearly defined goal gives life and activity a certain meaning.

Achieving the goal depends on the correct setting and formulation. How to formulate a specific goal?

You need to answer the following questions for yourself:

• what result do I expect and why?;
• who can help achieve this goal?;
• what is missing to achieve the goal?

It is also necessary to set certain deadlines for achieving a specific goal. At this stage, you need to think about when the goal will be considered achieved and what indicator indicates this.

An important role is played by the achievability, the reality of the goal. If you set an unattainable goal, then the result will be unattainable. The probability of execution is zero. At this stage, you should evaluate your resources objectively. This is energy, time, knowledge, skills and abilities, the presence of the necessary acquaintances and connections. Analyze what resources you lack and how to replenish them.

Your purpose should not conflict or overwhelm your core values ​​in life. For example, if you want a new position, you should take into account that you may have much less time for your family.

When setting a goal, you must set a certain time frame. Otherwise, the path to the goal can stretch for a lifetime, never ending.

The speed of achieving the goal depends on your desire and aspiration. The strength of aspiration depends on the motivation of a person.

How to create strong motivation so that you have enough strength and desire to achieve your goal?

1. 100% chance to achieve what you want. The goal must be realistic, feasible for your internal and external resources. Then the motivation will be strong. No failures, problems on the way will not be terrible for you.
2. The goal you set must come from the depths of your soul. It must be something you really, really want. Then you will move forward with enthusiasm and desire. If you have to get over yourself and convince yourself every time. What you need is, then the motivation is weakening, and the goal will definitely not be achieved. Any violence against oneself sooner or later leads to a nervous breakdown, and as a result, giving up before the work begun.
3. To create powerful motivation, your goal must be clear, meaningful, and attractive to you. Ask yourself what will happen if you do not achieve what you want? What will your life be like and what will you lose?

Rules for the right goal setting

So let's sum it up:

• Write a list of all goals and describe the desired result when each goal is achieved;
• Justify the significance of each goal. Which of the goals is most important to you;
• Objectively assess the degree of attainability of the goal;
• For the selected goals, indicate the timing of achievement and write a step-by-step plan to achieve the goal.

As you analyze this information, many goals will disappear by themselves. Some due to their unreality or unjustified result, some due to their low significance or unattainability (those that require unrealistically huge resources and costs).

As a result, only those goals will remain that are really realistic to achieve in a certain time. Such long-term solid goals are divided into a kind of small steps or stages.

Correctly set goals according to Burkhaev

An interesting approach to the correct setting of goals was developed by Denis Burkhaev, the founder of the Burkhan Consulting and Training Center. He says that for the correct goal setting, primary (basal) motivation is necessary. It is formed in childhood. Why do so many people fail to set goals for themselves? Not to mention long-term prospects and plans for the near future? The root of this problem lies in childhood, in our upbringing. We were brought up as obedient "slaves", while suppressing any desires of the child. Parents and teachers for any manifestation of desire, put different social taboos, prohibitions. Constantly trying to squeeze the child into a limited framework.

As a result of such upbringing - a complete lack of motivation in adulthood. Since childhood, personalities have suppressed his true "I", his ambitions and aspirations. Thus, a person loses touch with the soul, with inner impulses. He doesn't even know what he really wants in order to be happy, so that his eyes would burn and wings would grow behind his back.

The vital energy is exhausted, and the nervous system is completely exhausted, what should I do?

In order to fill yourself with energy, you need to mentally return to childhood, at the time when you were broken. And work through these situations on a psychological level. You need to restart and re-activate your brain so that motivation does not come from conclusions, but from the heart, from the depths of the soul.

The correct setting of the goal is to make you feel in your soul what will bring you joy. Who are you and what do you need to do. After all, people who do what they love are more efficient and productive. They sincerely bring good to themselves and people.

The main task of a person, in order to learn the correct setting and achievement of a goal, is to work with his inner child and get rid of all fears, stereotypes and restrictions imposed by parents and society.

The correct setting of goals and objectives involves working on oneself, understanding human psychology and working out the past. It is impossible to achieve something in life that is truly meaningful for you personally, if you do not become free. A person who has got rid of the concepts, stereotypes and restrictions imposed by society can feel the "owner" of his life. Think broadly and freely, do not be afraid of failure, condemnation and gossip. Find your purpose in life without looking at the opinions of others.

Does everyone have a life purpose? No, only a few. But why? The fact is that, unlike a dream, a goal requires effort, daily work to achieve. If you think about what is important to you every day, and take steps to achieve the goal, then you have a goal. If you don’t know what is important to you, or new thoughts arise every day, or you think a lot, but do nothing, then you don’t have a goal yet.

Meaning of life

From time to time we all ask ourselves the question: “What is the meaning of life? Where should I go? What do I want to see at the end of this path? But not everyone answers such questions, and this is important. After all, a global life goal helps not to give up, to move forward, not to get lost in the cycle of life. There are methods to help determine the true purpose of life.

There are mundane plans: to buy an apartment / house, to have a family and children, to become a worthy worker, to achieve success in a career, but a person may not find a serious goal. It can be seen that this is not particularly important, that if you do not know where you are going, then you cannot make a mistake on the road. Part of this statement is true.

Get ready to accept everything. For some people, the word "goal" is associated with wealth, success. You have to come to terms with the fact that this is not the case. It is important to understand that the goal will be prosaic and mundane.

But what will be the path - joyful or difficult? If a person is happy, he does not think about the goal and the horror begins when he falls into depression and melancholy. That's when a true goal is required in order for the desire to live on to appear. Well, if it is already prepared.

To search for a goal that means a lot to you, you should not turn to psychics and seers, or live in a monastery. Next, we will talk about a method that will not require so much time. But before that, it is worth clarifying some points.

Not necessarily the goal is in a familiar area where you are looking for destiny and meaning. Just prepare for the fact that the meaning will be a completely new and unfamiliar thing.

Why does a person need a life purpose

It is very important in search of the meaning of life to understand why a person really needs a life goal:

• gives us a reason to live on. A person has what he aspires to. Now you are happy, but if there is no goal, then the emptiness inside will one day swallow you;
• the goal does not just give meaning to existence, it will help to find the right path, reasonable and correct decisions. The choice becomes easy if you see a clear end goal;
• goal is motivation. Even in difficult periods, you can not throw everything halfway. Troubles and sorrows begin to haunt you. But in this case, aspirations are needed that will give motivation to live on.

Finding purpose in life and complexity

It is also worth understanding that the process of finding a purpose in life is not easy, because the goal does not have a universal formula. This is a personal concept for each of us.

Believe in yourself and the goal. This is the main achievement criterion. You can not stop halfway if you are 100% sure of the choice.

Also, remember that finding your life purpose will take time. This is the key reason why people cannot find the target. People usually want instant results, and this journey is not limited by time frames.

Lack of faith is one of the reasons

Sometimes people don't reach their goals because they don't believe it's possible. There are certain reasons for this. Sometimes there is no support from loved ones in this, or bad experience of the past interferes. But you will prove that it is real.

If you are not sure of yourself from the very beginning, then give up the chosen goal. She is most likely wrong. But focus your efforts on the new task.

Wrong target

What does the concept of "incorrectly chosen goal" mean? It happens that you want to achieve a goal because it is the desire of other people. Or are you doing it to impress.

Sometimes another indication of the wrong goal is the fact that you do not think about whether you will succeed in achieving it. You can't just repeat another person's goal either.

Lack of patience, action plan and consistency

If you have found the whole, then your road will not become simple and easy. You will need a lot of time and effort. And lack of patience will not help you in anything.

It also happens that a person sets a goal, but does not go further. He does not believe that it is necessary to draw up a minimum plan of action, to determine the time frame for achieving the goal. Every day should start with reading the list of life goals.

It is important to set the right tasks that will help you achieve your goal, every day you need to look for solutions.

Main Goal Criteria

The only correct criterion for a true goal is that it brings joy and satisfaction. We strive to continuously enjoy life, and at the same time, there should be a lot of it, no matter from what: from work or success in it, from gaining new knowledge, communicating with people.

True purpose is a global source of joy and satisfaction that lasts a lifetime. Thus, your goal is easy to check: if it does not bring joy, then this is definitely not it.

How to find your own goals in life. easy way

So, that very easy method "How to find your own goals":

• retire;
• write the title "My Goal" on a piece of paper;
• turn off all thoughts;
• start writing whatever comes into your head.

The purpose of the method is that if the true purpose is written, then you will experience a violent emotional outburst.

Why is it necessary to turn off thoughts? Because a lot of ideas accumulate in the head during life. They write right away. And in order not to get confused, it is important to monitor emotions. If the writing does not evoke these feelings, then the goal is not suitable.

It will take one person 20 minutes, the other will sit for 2 hours. The main thing is not to stop. After the first thoughts that will not evoke emotions in you, it seems that this is all nonsense, a waste of time. But it is important to overcome yourself, which will allow you to find out what you are going to live for.

During reflection and search, options arise that cause an uplift in mood, but not powerful. Mark them, maybe they are part of the main goal and will help you find it.

This advice will help purposeful people who are not afraid to seek the true purpose and meaning of life. Everyone will become such a person if they get out of the shell and stop being afraid of change. Around us is an interesting world full of new achievements. You just need to open up and trust him.

Questions for goal setting

In the process of searching, you can also use this method. Here are 7 questions to help you set the right goal:

• what brings you satisfaction? The choice of goal depends entirely on the activities that you like. There are many examples in life when people, doing their favorite work, reached incredible heights. You don’t have to look far for examples: Bill Gates was fond of computers, Oprah Winfrey helped people, and Edison loved to come up with innovative inventions from childhood. Think about what is right for you. This is communication, business, sports, needlework - anything;
• how do you spend your leisure time? These activities also help in finding goals. If you like to stand at the easel, then this is a sign where you should move. Likewise with any hobby. The main thing is to find the signs and not lose them. In your free time, think about what you would like to do;

The right questions are the key to the right answers. All this directs thoughts in the right direction, helps to look for the main answer.

• what is given special attention? Everyone knows that many sellers immediately determine whether the product will become popular among buyers. The same applies to hairdressers who immediately determine whether styling is suitable for a person or not. And the designer will choose stylish clothes among the absurdities. What attracts attention? What annoys you? These answers will help you find that very goal;
• What are you interested in learning or learning? What literature do you read? Maybe it is about business, hunting, cooking? These preferences will help solve the basic problems of life. Think about the books you would like to have in your library;
• what inspires you to create? Perhaps you are sure that selling is an art? Or do you want to come home as soon as possible to prepare a new culinary masterpiece? Or new impressions make you pick up a brush and paint? Think about these questions;
• Do other people like your features or what you do? Do your friends like your culinary delights? If this is not the case, then cooking is definitely not your goal. Or do people like your voice and also the way you dance? Perhaps friends like to read your notes. Each person has special abilities that attract others;
• If you knew you were going to be successful, what would you be doing? One would open a salon, the other would take up music, and the third would begin the development of the store. Each answer to this question is a setting for finding a goal.

As you can see, the search for the main purpose in life is not too difficult, but it requires some effort and time. Strive for the best, do not stop halfway, then you will certainly find what is hidden in the depths of your soul.

One desire to work with full dedication is not enough, you will immediately face dozens of questions that you must answer.

What goals do you want to achieve?

Do they agree with each other?

Is there a so-called higher goal and certain intermediate goals on the way to the main one?

Do you know what you can do for this yourself (strengths) and what you still need to work on (weaknesses)?

To find personal and professional reference points, first of all find out what exactly you want, i.e. achieve clarity of purpose. This is a prerequisite for success in business and personal life. Finding personal life goals and defining them means giving direction to your life. For example, one of the conditions for a successful career is the right choice of profession. In this case, you can translate your own values ​​into reality. The collapse or absence of a life goal is the strongest psychotrauma. One who does not know for what and for whom he lives is not satisfied with fate. Often disappointment befalls those who set themselves unrealistic, unattainable goals for subjective and objective reasons.

A firm order of writing any idea - the first step to its implementation. In conversation, one can, often without realizing it, express all sorts of vague and absurd ideas. When you put your thoughts on paper, something happens that prompts you to delve into specific details. It is much more difficult to mislead yourself or anyone else.

In the course of a study of the level of preparedness of young people for activities in a market economy, conducted in the Penza region in 1996-2004, it was revealed, for example, that young people studying in economic specialties successfully put into practice the technology of setting life goals. So, in the course of analyzing the results of a survey of young people on the factors affecting success in business, the following data were obtained: the most significant factors are money, knowledge and business qualities (Table 5.2).

Table 5.2

Assessing the Factors Affecting Business Success

Answer option		Technical school, college, %
Business qualities

The results of the study regarding the plans of young people to open their own business for the period of study revealed the following:

• don't know - 40.8%;
• no, I don't suppose - 29.5%;
• yes, I guess - 24.8%;
• already opened - 4.9%.

From the data obtained, it can be seen that young people, already in the process of studying, are engaged in setting life goals and setting priorities.

Goals are set for a certain period, so it is necessary to observe the process of their implementation in the following sequence.

Step 1- clarification of needs. It is necessary to set goals in a situation that no longer satisfies or may become so. Setting personal goals requires analyzing the current situation and answering the question of what you would like to achieve. What is needed is imagination and a certain freedom from those unreasonable restrictions that were previously accepted without question.

Step 2- clarification of possibilities. Most leaders choose from a range of options in all areas of life. Some of these opportunities may conflict with your values ​​or cause undue hardship for those around you. The first thing to do in clarifying possibilities is to set as many of them as possible. This can be achieved in part by exerting your own thought, but you can expand the list by studying the situation and attracting others. A reasonable choice cannot be made until all available options have been established.

Step 3- deciding what you need. The list of possibilities is not enough; you need to know what you are striving for and what you want to achieve. It may seem obvious, but determining what you need is not always easy. Three key questions need to be answered.

• 1. What is important to you?
• 2. How much risk are you willing to take?
• 3. How will your decisions affect those around you?

Wherein first question has to do with defining your personal values ​​and attitudes. Here it is only necessary to emphasize that the quality of decisions about the choice of lifestyle largely depends on the depth of self-study carried out by a person. Second question will help you identify personal boundaries and limits that affect your choices. One may decide that some possibilities are too risky and prefer to turn to methods of action with more reliable results. This causes people to avoid risky opportunities without even assessing the actual degree of risk. Third question aims to study who and how can be affected by your decisions, and to determine whether what you get is worth the costs caused by this influence on them. Discussing ideas and possible actions with those likely to be affected, as well as observing their reactions, will help make difficult decisions more accurate.

Step 4- choice. Once the range of available options has been determined and the needs and desires are clear, a choice must be made. Goal setting is an active step, so at the moment you make a choice, you make a commitment that the chosen course of action will provide a satisfactory result. This means that you can take the next steps and use your strengths and problem-solving skills to meet commitments and meet expectations.

Step 5 - clarification of the goal. Goals are useful as a reminder of what actions are being taken for. Often, a number of different actions are needed to achieve a single goal, so you can lose sight of the desired end result and sink into a routine. If this happens, the manager can usually work for hours, exerting all his strength to achieve success, and still he does not succeed. Mapping logical relationships between common tasks and specific work efforts helps save effort.

Step 6- setting time limits. Time is a resource that can be handled wisely, but can also be seriously misused. Doing too many things at the same time makes it difficult to achieve results in everything, so you need to choose how to distribute your time. Many factors affect time allocation, including the following:

• normal job requirements;
• emergency or additional requirements arising from work;
• the expectations of others;
• personal hopes and aspirations;
• sense of duty and commitments already made;
• habitual practice.

Since many decisions about this or that use of time are made unconsciously and instinctively, time is often wasted without any assessment of the real usefulness of such investments. People should treat time as a valuable resource, like money in the bank. Time provides opportunities, and time management will expand those opportunities. Goals containing the direction of action should also indicate the speed of movement. This is necessary so that people can allocate their time and other resources well. If the goal has no time limits, there is no way to track your progress.

Step 7- control of their achievements. There are the following benefits of monitoring personal achievements:

• there is a feedback with work efficiency;
• there is a feeling of satisfaction as you move towards the goal;
• in case of failure, a gloomy mood arises;
• an opportunity is created to rethink the chosen strategy and plan a new method of action.

The seven steps discussed above can serve as a checkpoint to clarify goals.

• 3. Development of key ideas in the professional field.
• 4. Inventory goals.

Let's consider this process in more detail.

1. Development of general ideas about life aspirations.

Try to depict for yourself the present and possible (future) picture of your life, for example, in the form of the so-called life curve, noting the biggest successes and failures in the personal and professional spheres. Mark on it where you are now, and also write keywords describing success or failure next to the extreme points of your “life curve”. Try to imagine your future and continue the curve further.

Then list the five most important things (goals) you want to achieve in your life.

2. Differentiation in time of life goals.

Divide your life goals by time criteria, for which you can use the time series (Table 5.3). This should take into account the people from your immediate environment (partners, children, parents, boss, friends, etc.) and the events that you must reckon with.

Table 5.3

Time series for finding personal goals

	own age	surrounding					Special Events

• 3. Development of key ideas in the professional field. Define your personal and professional goals (landmarks). Personal desires:
  • medium-term (five years);

Professional Goals:

• long-term (life goals);
• medium-term (five years);
• short-term (next 12 months).
• 4. Inventory goals.

According to L. Seivert, the inventory of goals consists in the implementation of the three previous stages.

In this way, you will make an inventory of your goals, while filtering out the most important positions, i.e. life personal and career goals. Be sure to highlight your professional guidelines, because if there is something crucial in life, it is the choice of a profession, which is one of the main conditions for a successful career.

Try to answer the following questions:

What would you most like to do professionally?

If you could freely choose your position, rank, industry, organization, enterprise, or institution, what would you most like to be or become?

It is very important to give objective answers, because a professional guideline is the key to professional and personal success, as it:

• firstly, it enhances the motivation for labor achievements;
• secondly, it directs your activity, professional aspirations in a certain direction when choosing a profession;
• thirdly, it is a guide for the subsequent performance of your official duties.

Once you have set your personal and professional goals, take care of your personal resources, ie. means to achieve your goals. The famous German scientist L. Seivert calls this process situational analysis.

A person's abilities are determined by various factors: heredity, upbringing, health status, and habitat. Moreover, abilities do not remain unchanged, they can be developed, but they can also be lost. You should determine where you are currently on your "life curve", noting the biggest successes and failures, while indicating what qualities were required for this and what were lacking. When determining your current location, answer questions related to your personal and professional areas.

Personal sphere.

My life path: what were my biggest successes and failures?

What is the influence of the family (childhood, adolescence, parents, brothers and sisters, loved ones)?

What are friendships? Hostile relationship?

Under what circumstances do I feel strong, defeated, weak?

What measures do I want to take to prevent dangers, difficulties, problems?

What are my possibilities? What can't they do? What can I do?

What do I want to do specifically to benefit others?

Professional area.

Do I know the tasks of my position?

Do I know what is expected of me?

Do I know the routine, monotonous things related to my field of activity? Do I plan them?

Am I prioritizing?

Am I completing my tasks on time?

What are the main benefits of my work?

Based on the analysis of the main stages of your life, draw up a balance of personal successes and failures. The next step is to group your strengths and weaknesses and highlight two or three major strengths and weaknesses (Table 5.4).

Table 5.4

Balance of personal successes and failures

personal balance

Such an analysis of personal qualities is a prerequisite for planning further steps and measures to achieve goals.

It is very important to evaluate yourself correctly, which can be helped by special testing systems that make it possible to understand your strengths and weaknesses (Table 5.5).

Test "My abilities"

Table 5.5

Ending

In the process of analysis, the means necessary to achieve the desired goals (personal, financial, time resources) are compared with the real situation. For example, select five major goals and determine the means necessary for these goals (Table 5.6). Check what else you need to achieve or where to start to get closer to the relevant goal, indicate the qualifications necessary to achieve the goals, and set specific realistic practical goals for gaining experience and abilities that you still lack.

Using the data in Table. 5.4, ​​5.5, you can determine the ratio of your desires and personal qualities and abilities and, based on the results obtained, develop an individual algorithm for the technology of searching for personal and professional goals.

The last phase of the goal setting process is the concrete formulation of practical goals for the subsequent planning stage. The goal, by its very deepest essence, is the advance of the real events of reality. Each goal is translated into action. At the same time, the implementation of the goal into action is a complex process.

Explaining his actions, a person usually refers to certain reasons that forced him to act this way and not otherwise, and tells himself and all people interested in this that he was striving to achieve some goal. An analysis of human behavior shows that there is no one-to-one correspondence between a goal and an act. The same goal can be reached in many ways, and one way leads to different goals. Each person must have a more or less stable system of goals; some goals are more preferable, others are relegated to the background. In the totality of the goals of each person, the main and intermediate goals are found, subordinate to the main ones, but without which it is impossible to achieve the final goal. For some goals, a person shows extreme interest and is ready to sacrifice the most expensive for their achievement; other goals are of little concern to him and do not affect his emotional sphere. In the language of management theory, such a system of subordinate goals is called a tree of goals.

The French sociologist B. Guriy identifies four types of personal goals for a person who has joined a management organization.

• 1. The pursuit of security leads to the exclusion of threats of risk to oneself personally.
• 2. The desire to improve living standards. To understand this goal, it should be borne in mind that employee satisfaction with his salary depends not only on the absolute value of remuneration, but also on the relative value of the salary of his colleagues.
• 3. The desire for power. This goal breaks down into a number of interrelated sub-goals: the desire to expand the circle of one's powers, achieve autonomy, and move up the career ladder.
• 4. The desire to increase and strengthen the prestige. This goal is divided into two sub-goals: strengthening personal prestige and the prestige of the organization itself.

The chances of success in formulating goals increase if a number of potential weaknesses can be avoided.

• 1. Lack of realism. Goals should be achievable, although it is preferable that they require some effort of human capabilities.
• 2. Uncertain time frame. Well-established goals contain a time frame for achieving them. The latter may be reviewed periodically.
• 3. Lack of measurability. Whenever possible, goals should be expressed in measurable terms. This allows a clear assessment of what has been achieved.
• 4. Inefficiency. Objectives only make sense if they clearly fit into the larger tasks of the job. Therefore, the main criterion here is efficiency, not showiness, and such goals should have their place in the tasks of the organization.
• 5. Lack of shared interest. People who come together to work together to achieve a common goal can receive additional strength from working in a group. Often, however, goals are imposed and accepted reluctantly, as a result of which it is not possible to include in the case the invigorating animation of a shared interest.
• 6. Conflict with others. The goals of individual or group work are defined in such a way that they contradict each other. There are few ways to overcome these conflicts, and a lot of effort is wasted.
• 7. Lack of awareness. Large organizations are particularly vulnerable to failures in the dissemination of information. The board of directors sets goals, often expressed in financial terms, but then does not inform about it. Perhaps some fragmentary news leaks to subordinates, but they lack convincing goals expressed in universal terms.
• 8. Use as punishment. Target setting can be used to harass and punish people. When such a philosophy is widely disseminated, the goal-setting process is perceived negatively and artfully sabotaged.
• 9. Lack of analysis. The great advantage of setting goals is to provide a basis for systematic analysis. Consultation allows people to be educated, resulting in changes in resources and systems.

A goal differs from a task in that the task describes the action to be performed, while the goal describes the end result.

Usually there are five to eight basic positions for achieving the goal, they in a sense represent a more detailed goal. For the greatest success in achieving the goal, write down for yourself your general goals and the main positions for achieving them.

Goals set the direction of movement. One can imagine a large ocean vessel. Although it has everything you need to carry a heavy load from one point to another, it cannot move without a rudder. Goals are the rudder in individual and group movement. Without it, the available abilities are misdirected and accordingly wasted.

When specifically formulating practical goals, it is necessary to keep in mind aspects such as physical condition, since good health is a prerequisite for an active life and successful self-management. To do this, it is necessary to include in your periodic plans (annual, monthly, weekly and daily) activities to improve health: daily jogging in the fresh air, treatment, swimming, ski runs, preventive examinations, etc.

One should not forget about self-education, raising the level of knowledge and skills, one's own cultural enlightenment (travelling, participation in cultural events, etc.).

Goal setting helps people decide what is most appropriate and beneficial. Without goals, people often find themselves at the mercy of chance or the whims of other people. However, the mere presence of goals will not provide a magical solution to all problems. When setting goals, one should strive to anticipate the possible future, but as circumstances change frequently, goals set in the past become irrelevant or unachievable. This is especially true for politics, which, like management, is the art of the possible.

The main characteristics of the goal: the accuracy of determination, the ability to measure, achievability, realism, an indication of time intervals for its implementation.

Let's look briefly at each of these components.

Target accuracy. Leads to a specific result.

Possibility to measure. It involves the use of numbers and other generally accepted standards that allow you to clearly compare what happened before the goal was achieved and what happened after it.

Reachability. The question arises: how to achieve this goal? If you have little experience or low qualifications, then you should think about it and enroll in special courses.

Realism. It should be remembered that it will take more than one day to achieve the goal.

Specifying time intervals. Determine exactly how long your goal is.

The constancy and importance of goals in a person's life are different. Some goals are fundamental and persist over generations (for example, the pursuit of profit); other goals are more superficial and temporary (for example, the desire to have a nice Christmas).

One way or another, consciously or not, you think about your life goals all your life. However, thinking about them and putting them down on paper are two different things. Unwritten goals often remain vague and utopian dreams, such as thoughts like “it would be nice to travel”, “it would be nice to be a millionaire.” Recording, on the other hand, requires you to be more specific in expression, goals are narrowed: you must express your aspirations in a few words, and not in a multitude of words that overwhelm your thoughts.

The document that will help you determine what you really want to achieve is the so-called Declaration of Life Purposes. It will give your life a purposeful direction, help you feel the master of your destiny.

Everyone knows that it is easier to set goals than to achieve them. Many are sloppy and unrealistic in formulating goals because they take their obligations too lightly and are ready to forget about them at any moment. The behavior of a person effective in setting goals is characterized by a careful study of possible obligations and the reality of their implementation before he takes them upon himself. Such a person is responsible for his obligations and for the efforts required to achieve the goals, no matter what difficulties he encounters. Such an attitude is also valuable if it extends to goals shared with others.

A goal in general terms can serve as a useful guide, but it may not always draw attention to what needs to be done to be successful. You should set realistic goals. At the same time, do not take on too much, because in this case, personal tasks have little chance of being completed. The more goals you set for yourself, the more you will have to change in your former life, the more activity you will have to develop.

You also need to set short-term goals aligned with the achievement of your long-term global goals. In striving for long-term goals, you must reckon with changing external conditions and the emergence of new trends. Therefore, along with common goals, it is important from the point of view of psychological motivation to set short-term achievable subgoals and achieve intermediate successes.

Setting goals brings elements of directive planning into people's lives. Efforts to establish clear goals must not be allowed to stifle immediacy and limit the freedom to react to new situations. The best defined goals are those that allow you to be more open to the possibilities. The choice of clear, clear and, most importantly, the right goals is a very important process for every leader. Not every person can clearly identify the main aspirations in his life and career. For this, it is necessary to have a certain type of thinking in order to put private goals at the service of common ones.

INTRODUCTION 3

1. THEORETICAL ASPECTS OF SEARCHING FOR LIFE GOALS 4

1.1. The Importance of Setting Life Goals 4

1.2. Analysis of knowledge on setting life goals 7

1.3. The role of personal strategic management in setting life goals 10

2. TECHNOLOGY OF SEARCH FOR LIFE GOALS 14

2.1. The main stages of finding life goals 14

2.2. The process of finding goals L.Seivert 18

2.3. Technology for building and implementing a life strategy 23

3. FORMULATION OF LIFE GOALS AS THE FINAL STAGE OF THEIR STATEMENT 27

CONCLUSION 34

REFERENCES 35

APPENDIX 36

INTRODUCTION

For the comprehensive and harmonious development of the individual, the achievement of success in life in all spheres of life, an important component is the setting and achievement of worthy goals. In today's society, few people set goals and few appreciate the importance of setting goals in life. But for every person, self-determination and self-affirmation in life is always very important, and therefore people who know exactly “what and how to do?” are the most successful. That is why the study of the technology of searching for life goals has now acquired particular relevance.

The purpose of the work is to study the theoretical and practical aspects of the technology of searching for life goals.

To achieve this goal, a range of tasks has been defined:

1. The study of the theoretical aspects of the search for life goals.

2. Research of technologies for finding life goals.

3. Consideration of the formulation of life goals as the final stage of their setting.

The object of the course work are life goals.

The subject of the course work is the technology of finding life goals.

The course work consists of an introduction, main content, including three chapters, conclusions and applications. The course work contains 5 tables and 1 illustration. The list of used literature includes 15 titles.

1. THEORETICAL ASPECTS OF SEARCHING FOR LIFE GOALS

1.1. The Importance of Setting Life Goals

For each person, self-determination and self-affirmation in life is always very important, and therefore people who know exactly “what and how to do?” are the most successful.

Prominent manager Lee Iacocca says: “To succeed in business, as in almost everything else, the most important thing is to be able to focus and manage your time wisely. And in order to use your time wisely, you must firmly realize what is the main thing in your work, and then give yourself entirely to the implementation of this main thing.

A person who clearly sees his goal will surely achieve it with certain efforts and developed abilities.

When we want to achieve something, sooner or later we will do it, if we do not hesitate, be lazy. We are driven by a goal that does not allow us to relax. The goal is our guideline, to which our life activity is directed, which leads us through the difficulties and obstacles of reality. Goals are the motivators of our actions, the motives that determine our activity.

Goal setting means looking to the future, focusing and focusing our energies and activities on what is to be achieved. To keep up with the pace of social and economic change, each person needs to carefully and regularly reassess their goals. All people are different, each operates in a unique environment, so the work of formulating goals should be individual.

Goal setting requires expressing explicit and hidden needs, interests, desires and tasks in the form of clear intentions and precise formulations, as well as orienting actions and deeds towards these goals and their implementation. Without goals, there is no benchmark by which you can measure your work. Goals are also a criterion for evaluating what has been achieved. Even the best working method is worthless if you do not clearly and unambiguously define what you want in advance.

Goals are not set once and for all. Goal setting is an ongoing process. They may change over time, for example, if it turns out during the implementation control process that previous perceptions were incorrect or that requests turned out to be too high or, conversely, too low.

Goal setting is an absolute prerequisite for planning, decision-making and daily work.

Thus, setting personal goals allows you to:

Become more aware of your career choices;

Make sure the chosen path is correct;

It is better to evaluate the effectiveness of actions and experiences;

Convince others of the correctness of your point of view;

Get extra strength, motivation;

Increase the likelihood of achieving the desired results;

Concentrate forces on strategic directions. The goals serve to concentrate forces in key areas.

Knowing your goals and consistently striving for them means focusing your energy on things that really matter, instead of wasting your energy in vain. Awareness of one's goals can determine significant self-motivation for work.

People who do not have clear personal goals are usually dominated by the demands of the moment, they are more busy with fluid than with important, promising problems.

Goal setting helps us insulate ourselves from the demands of the situation or other people by achieving goals that are important to us personally.

There are stages in a manager's life when he especially needs to clarify his personal goals. Usually these stages coincide with age limits, for example:

stage 1: 20-24 years old - the beginning of a career;

stage 2: about 30 years old - the acquisition of a certain competence;

stage 3: around 40 years - reviewing achievements and considering opportunities for major change;

stage 4: about 50 years old - summing up the results of a professional career and preparing for its completion;

stage 5: around 60-65 years old - transition to outside work.

The importance of setting personal goals increases as you progress through one of these life stages. At the same time, a creative approach to life requires a constant openness to everything unexpected and a willingness to analyze and search for the best solutions that are achievable at any given moment.

Setting specific goals improves performance because a person in this sense has clear expectations about the result. According to probability theory, if people are clear about what results are expected of them, and if they feel a strong likelihood that, with some effort, they will be able to achieve a given level of performance and receive an appropriate reward, then their motivation to complete the task will increase significantly. If you really believe in what you're doing, you should persevere even in the face of obstacles.

Goal setting means looking to the future, orienting and concentrating our energies and activities on what is to be achieved. There is a huge difference between the hard self, which is necessary, and the oversized self, which is capable of acting destructively. A person with a solid "I" knows his strengths. He is confident. He has a clear idea of ​​what he can achieve and is determined to achieve his goal.

Thus, the goal describes the end result, i.e. it's not about what you do, but about why and for what you do it.

1.2. Analysis of theoretical knowledge on setting life goals

Let us consider what kind of knowledge exists in our society in terms of goals, how it is conveyed to people and how accessible it is to everyone.

Let's take science. Philosophy should deal with the issues of goals, its section - ethics, as a rule, considers not the goal as such, but as part of the category of “goal setting”, moreover, either in a historical aspect, or from the standpoint of some philosophical direction, for example, determinism. If you look at dissertations on goals and textbooks on ethics, they are written in a complex professional language with a lot of technical terms, are practically inaccessible to a wide audience, and what is written in them does not give people vital knowledge on how to guide when setting goals and how to achieve them. In textbooks on philosophy for universities, the issues of setting and achieving goals are also not considered. That is, philosophical treatises serve the philosophers themselves, but do not carry practical knowledge to society. Psychologists also do not single out the goal separately, but consider it in the motivation section, paying more attention to the study of the needs and motives of human behavior and activities, without offering a person scientific knowledge on achieving goals. Even in the methodological manuals that have recently appeared, such as "The ABC of Psychology", intended for schoolchildren and offering the introduction of a course in the basics of psychology as optional classes in schools, issues related to the study of personality are considered: temperament, character, abilities, professional orientation, etc. , and attention is not paid to the issues of setting goals, while setting goals is the most difficult task for thinking, the result of knowing oneself and this world and the main question that every person must answer is the meaning of his life. Thus, science does not provide specific practical knowledge to achieve the goals that are vital for every person, while it is science that should bring into education (at all its levels) true knowledge about the world, man, give answers to the main questions - for what it is worth to live, what to believe in, what to strive for, what goals lead to a decent life and give respect to people and recognition of society, personal development and full disclosure of one's potential.

In popular science literature, the issues of setting and achieving goals are mainly addressed in books on management, they solve practical problems of "search technology" and achieve goals for career management and achieving success in life in professional activities - in the field of self-realization, and the question of goals, as usually takes up about 1/100 of the entire text.

There are many different schools and success centers, leadership schools, positive psychology centers, training academies, etc., which develop psycho-trainings, business technologies, conduct consultations, and, as a rule, offer to make a leader out of an ordinary person in a few days of classes , which initially does not inspire confidence, since the process of forming new qualities cannot be instantaneous and depends on many factors. Working with goals is a small part of the overall program and does not provide complete coverage of all issues related to goals.

How much attention and time is devoted to working with the goals of the media - newspapers, magazines, television? It is difficult to remember at least one program on the TV screen, where the issues of setting and achieving life goals were at least slightly touched upon. And in the education system there are no programs for goals. Modern schools and universities provide deep professional knowledge, but they do not teach the art of life on earth, although the success of people is determined not by their profession, but by their achievements in it and their attitude to life in general. The education system practically does not teach future citizens of society what it is worth living for, moral ideals, spiritual culture, ethics of relationships, how to set and achieve goals, how to reveal one's potential and develop one's abilities. At the same time, programs for setting and achieving goals are vital, they must be created and implemented at all levels of the system of education and upbringing of the younger generation, if we want to have spiritually developed people in the future and live in a beautiful, highly developed country. Teaching spirituality, the formation of a person's system of spiritual values, norms, ideals, aspirations should become one of the main tasks of education.

Let us summarize what has been said and outline several global problems that exist in society in terms of goals.

Many problems of society (drug addiction, drunkenness, etc.) are directly related to the aimlessness of people's existence, selfishness, consumerist attitude to life.

Few people in society in our time appreciate the importance of setting life goals for the purposeful formation of a harmoniously developed, highly moral, happy personality and the further development of society.

The media, books pay little attention to the issue of goals, they usually talk only about goals for self-realization. There is no completeness of goals - coverage of all spheres of human life in the available information. The goal is development, the goal is service (to God, society), the goal is relationships - few people think about this at all, let alone consider them as a goal.

There is practically no scientific knowledge about setting and achieving goals, complete, structured, accessible to a wide audience.

In the education system, there are no training programs for setting and achieving Goals, forming oneself as a person, a citizen, either.

Ways to solve problems - introducing into education (at all its levels) programs for teaching the setting and achievement of life goals.

What will this give a person - finding the meaning of life, instead of despondency, depression and dependence on external circumstances - the formation of oneself and one's life - a feeling of its fullness and richness, inspiration and satisfaction in the heart. This knowledge will help a person not to be afraid of life, but to enjoy it - "to be the master of one's destiny."

What this will give to society is its progress, the growth of positivity, the emergence of society to a new level of development. Society does not exist by itself. A society is a set of human personalities that directly or indirectly influence its development. There is a critical mass of individual manifestations of people, which forms the direction of the development of society, its mental health and prosperity, its spiritual and material life. Therefore, a very important concern of society should be the concern for the spiritual health and development of its members. Society should form a system of life values, which are the launching pad for the rise of the human soul, the maximum disclosure of its potential - creative, intellectual, social, thereby forming for itself a new member of society that can influence the further development of society itself. A person must be taught to set goals, including socially significant ones, to awaken the desire to live not only for himself, but also to do something important for this world.

1.3. The role of personal strategic management in setting life goals

Personal strategic management is a set of means, forms and methods for a person to achieve his life goals. Using this toolkit, a person can try to optimally form and effectively implement a personal life strategy.

At the heart of the ideology of personal strategic management (PSM) is the idea that every person wants to achieve something in life. Realizing his needs, he sets and solves certain tasks, thus achieving his goals.

The nature of actions for setting and achieving goals is different for different people, it also changes for a particular person over time. But despite this, these processes have common features and patterns, which allows us to formulate a uniform toolkit based on the analysis of empirical information regarding individual ways of developing and implementing life strategies.

So, many Western researchers talk about a three-phase model of the human life cycle, and Japanese experts distinguish four phases (from birth to graduation from school; going to work and raising a family; working life; old age). By purposefully managing the qualitative and quantitative parameters of the phase change, a person can maximize the usefulness of the return from each stage.

The content of self-management at different stages of the life cycle has a different content. In childhood, a person is completely dependent on his parents, he, as a rule, is not able to make the most important decisions on his own. In adulthood, independence is acquired, and the degree of responsibility for decision-making increases significantly. In general, PSM should be divided into exogenous (exo-PSM), when third parties help a person to develop and implement a life strategy (usually parents at an early stage, later friends, teachers, leaders and respected people join them), and endogenous (endo- PSM), when a person is relatively independently engaged in this work.

The key factors in achieving personal life goals are the following factors:

The presence of a life strategy;

Possession of technologies for its implementation;

Ability to work with management tools for the formation of personal human capital.

The presence of a life strategy is important because in order to achieve some life goals, it is necessary to take a series of successive steps, and sometimes to sacrifice the current consumption of certain goods in order to receive a larger number and variety of goods in the future.

Investments in human capital are usually highly profitable. Moreover, the more developed it is, the more resources it allows to involve in the process of personal investment. According to the American economist W. Bowen: “Investment in human capital is similar to investment in physical capital in several important respects. Both are accumulated as a result of the application of economic resources that could be used to produce other goods and services for current consumption; for a long time, both produce profits; finally, both of them are limited by the life span: machines wear out, people die.

Sociologists define the concept of "strategy of life" as a symbolically mediated and beyond the limits of the consciousness of an ideal education that implements its guidelines and priorities in human behavior. Three types of such strategies are most common in everyday life:

well-being. It is based on the receptive (acquisitive) activity of the individual, aimed at providing full necessary benefits, calm, comfortable, measured and stable life;

Success. This strategy is designed for public recognition of the activities of its bearer and involves an active, eventful, prosperous life;

Self-realization. It is characterized by creative activity aimed at creating new forms of life, regardless of their external recognition (non-recognition), and implies a beautiful, harmonious, close in content to art, free life.

A generalized model of the mechanism for the development and implementation of a human life strategy is shown in fig. 1. It reflects the relationship between the main stages of the cycle of personal strategic management.

Rice. 1. The main stages of the cycle of personal strategic management

2. TECHNOLOGY OF SEARCH FOR LIFE GOALS

2.1. The main stages of the search for life goals

So, you want to achieve more in your life. Do you realize that the realization of your intentions will require you to give everything completely, give up something familiar to you and exert all your spiritual and physical strength, perhaps for a long time? Is this really what you want? Otherwise, all your efforts may be in vain.

However, one desire to work with full dedication is not enough, you will immediately face dozens of questions that you must answer. Here are at least the first of them:

What goals do you want to achieve?

Do they agree with each other?

Are there a so-called higher goal and certain intermediate goals on the way to the main one?

Do you know what you can do for this yourself (strengths) and what you still need to work on (weaknesses)?

To find personal and professional reference points, first of all find out what exactly you want, i.e. achieve clarity of purpose. This is a prerequisite for success in business and personal life. Finding personal life goals and defining them means giving direction to your life. For example, one of the conditions for a successful career is the right choice of profession. In this case, you can translate your own values ​​into reality.

The collapse or absence of a life goal is the strongest psychotrauma. One who does not know for what and for whom he lives is not satisfied with fate. However, disappointment often befalls those who set themselves unrealistic, unattainable goals for subjective and objective reasons.

A firm order of writing down any idea is the first step to its implementation. In conversation, one can, often without realizing it, express all sorts of vague and absurd ideas. When you put your thoughts on paper, something happens that prompts you to delve into specific details. It is much more difficult to mislead yourself or anyone else.

Usually goals are set for a specific period, so it is useful to observe the process of their definition, approval and implementation in the following sequence.

The first step is clarifying needs.

You need to set goals in a situation that does not satisfy you or may become one. Setting personal goals requires analyzing the current situation and answering the question of what you would like to achieve. This requires imagination and a certain freedom from those unreasonable restrictions that were previously accepted without any objection.

The second step is to clarify the possibilities.

Most leaders choose from a range of options in all areas of life. Some of these opportunities may conflict with your values ​​or cause difficulties for those around you. The first step in clarifying opportunities is to identify as many of them as possible. This can be achieved in part by exerting your own thought, but you can expand the list by studying the situation and attracting others. A reasonable choice cannot be made until all available options have been established.

Step three is deciding what you need.

The list of possibilities is not enough; you need to know what you are striving for and what you want to achieve. It may seem obvious, but determining what you need is not always easy. You need to answer 3 key questions:

What is important to you?

What risk are you willing to take?

How will your decisions affect those around you?

In this case, the first question is related to the definition of your personal values ​​and positions. Here it is only necessary to emphasize that the quality of decisions about the choice of lifestyle largely depends on the depth of self-study.

The second question will help you identify personal boundaries and limits that affect your choices. You may decide that some possibilities are too risky and it is better to turn to methods of action with more reliable results. However, this causes people to avoid risky opportunities without even assessing the real degree of risk.

The third question aims to explore who and how can be affected by your decisions. It should be determined whether the result is worth the costs that are caused by this influence on others. Discussing ideas and possible actions with those likely to be affected, as well as observing their reactions, will help make difficult decisions more accurate.

Step four is a choice.

Once the range of available options has been determined and the needs and desires are clear, a choice must be made. Goal setting is an active step, so at the moment of choosing, you make a commitment that the chosen course of action will provide a satisfactory result. In addition, this means that the following steps can also be carried out.

The fifth step is to clarify the goal.

Goals are useful as a reminder of what actions are being taken for. Often multiple actions are needed to achieve the same goal. At the same time, you can lose sight of the desired end result and plunge into turnover. If this happens, the manager can usually work for hours, exerting all his strength to achieve success, and still he does not succeed. Mapping logical relationships between common tasks and specific workflows can reduce unnecessary effort in refining goals.

Step six is ​​setting time limits.

Time is a resource that should be used wisely, but can also be seriously misused. Doing too much at the same time, it is difficult to achieve results in everything, so it is necessary to rationally allocate time. This process is influenced by many factors, including the following:

Normal job requirements;

Extraordinary or additional requirements arising from work;

Expectations of others;

Personal hopes and aspirations;

A sense of duty and commitments already made;

Habitual practice.

Since many decisions about this or that use of time are made spontaneously, time is often wasted without any assessment of the real usefulness of such investments.

People should treat time as a valuable resource, like money in the bank. Time provides opportunities, and time management will expand those opportunities.

The seventh step is to control your achievements.

There are the following benefits of monitoring personal achievements:

Feedback on the results of work appears;

There is a feeling of satisfaction as you move towards the goal;

It creates an opportunity to rethink the chosen strategy and plan a new method of action.

The seven steps discussed above can serve as a checkpoint to clarify goals.

2.2. The process of finding goals by L. Seivert

1. Development of general ideas about life aspirations.

4. Inventory goals. Let's consider this process in more detail.

1. Development of ideas about life aspirations

Try to depict for yourself the present and possible (future) picture of your life, for example, in the form of the so-called "curve" of life, noting the biggest successes and failures in the personal and professional spheres. Mark where you are now on the curve, and write success or failure keywords near the extreme points of your life curve. Try to imagine your future and continue the "curve" further.

Then name the five most important points (goals) that you want to achieve.

2. Differentiation in time of life goals.

Divide your life goals by time criteria, for which you can use the time series (Table 1). This should take into account the people from your immediate environment (partners, children, parents, boss, friends, etc.) and the events that you have to take into account.

Table 1

Time series for finding personal goals

3. Development of key ideas in the professional field.

Define your personal and professional goals (landmarks) according to the scheme:

personal wishes:

Medium-term (5 years);

Short-term (next 12 months); professional goals:

Long-term (life goals);

Medium-term (5 years);

Short-term (next 12 months).

In this way, you will inventory your ideas, while filtering out the most important positions, i.e. life personal and career goals.

Be sure to highlight your professional guidelines, because if there is anything crucial in life, it is the choice of a profession, which is one of the main conditions for a successful career.

Try to answer the following questions:

What would you most like to do professionally?

If you could freely choose your position, rank, industry, organization, enterprise, or institution, what would you most like to become?

It is very important to give objective answers, because a professional benchmark is the key to professional and personal success, as it:

Strengthens the motivation for labor achievements;

Directs in a certain direction your activity, professional aspirations when choosing a profession;

It is a guide for the subsequent performance of your official duties.

Once you have set personal and professional goals for yourself, take care of your personal resources, i.e. the means to achieve your goals. L. Seivert calls this process situational analysis.

A person's abilities are determined by a combination of various factors: heredity, upbringing, health, environment. Moreover, abilities do not remain unchanged, they can be developed, but they can also be lost.

You should determine where you are currently on your "curve of life", noting your biggest successes and failures, indicating at the same time what qualities were required for this and what were lacking. As you determine your current location, answer the questions.

In the personal area:

My life path: what were my biggest successes and failures?

What is the influence of the family (childhood, adolescence, parents, brothers and sisters, loved ones)?

What are friendships? Hostile relationship?

Under what circumstances do I feel strong, defeated, weak?

What measures do I want to take to prevent dangers, difficulties, problems?

What are my possibilities? What can't they do? What can I do?

What do I want to do specifically to benefit others?

In the professional field:

Do I know the tasks of my position?

Do I know what is expected of me?

Do I know the routine, monotonous things related to my field of activity? Do I plan them?

Am I prioritizing?

Am I completing my tasks on time?

What are the main benefits of my work?

4. Inventory goals.

The next step is to group your strengths and weaknesses and highlight two or three major strengths and weaknesses (Table 2).

table 2

Balance of personal successes and failures

Such an analysis of personal qualities is a prerequisite for planning further steps and measures to achieve goals.

It is very important to evaluate yourself correctly, which can be helped by special testing systems that make it possible to understand your strengths and weaknesses (Table 3).

In the process of analysis, the means (personal, financial, time resources) necessary to achieve the desired goals are compared with the real situation. For example, select five major goals and determine the means necessary for them (Table 4).

Table 3

Test "my abilities"

Check what else you need to achieve or start to get closer to the relevant goal, indicate the qualifications necessary to achieve the goals. Now set specific realistic practical goals for gaining experience and abilities that you still lack.

Table 4

End-means analysis

Using these tabular forms, you can determine the ratio of your desires and your personal qualities and abilities and, based on the results, develop your own individual algorithm for the technology of searching for personal and professional goals.

2.2. Technology for building and implementing a life strategy

Environmental analysis is usually considered the initial process of strategic management, as it provides a basis for defining the mission and goals, and also allows you to develop a behavior strategy that makes it possible to fulfill your mission and achieve your goals.

In the course of such an analysis, it is supposed to study two components:

macro environments;

The inner possibilities of the individual.

Studying aspects of his external environment, a person needs to make sure what opportunities life opens up for him, what areas of social and economic functioning attract him, what obstacles he can meet on the path of life and what consequences certain steps that he takes in life can have. life.

By analyzing his internal capabilities, a person needs to find out what strategic competitive advantages he can count on in the future, developing the potential that he has at the moment.

The mission of a person can be called the main goal of his life, which, according to A. Thompson and A. Strickland, should be formulated "primarily from the point of view of increasing the social role" of this individual.

A vision is an ideal image of a future state of life that a person can achieve under the most favorable conditions. According to B. Karlof, it "can serve as a basis for determining the level of claims in the process of strategic planning" .

In the PSM concept, the key factor that can radically influence the formation of the entire life strategy, along with the analysis of the environment, is the presence of a formed personal ideology in a person. This term is usually understood as "a system of ideas and views: political, legal, philosophical, moral, religious, aesthetic, in which people's attitudes to reality are recognized and evaluated" . In PSM, the validity of the adoption and implementation of both strategic and operational decisions depends on the quality of personal ideology.

At the stage of defining strategic goals, the primary decomposition (sectorization) of the mission into two logically separate groups, depending on the sphere of life, is carried out - professional and social. Further decomposition and operationalization of the life mission are within the framework of these areas. The strategic goals in the PSM concept are long-term in nature and are formed based on the state of human life within the maximum possible time horizon.

In general, the process of determining a person’s strategic life goals according to the concept of PSM is described by a scheme developed on the basis of an algorithm for the phased reconstruction of a person’s life strategy, in the form of “gradual updating of a life strategy through the consistent“ development ”and“ assembly ”of its initial components - images, meanings of life, life values, norms and goals” (Appendix).

In the figure, the stages of goal formation are presented as a series of structurally related procedures similar to the sequence of elements of the strategic orientation system:

transformation - combines the emotionally sensitive perception of real life and the search for new images; at this stage, the strategic choice of the individual is characterized by a radical change in the way of perceiving life and the corresponding figurative representations;

rethinking - is accompanied by a refusal (partial or complete) of the personality from the previous meaningful life orientations and the formation of a new idea of ​​the meaning of life;

overestimation - there is a change in value orientations adopted for the long term, resulting in a change in the value paradigm of the personality, its higher dispositions;

normative reorientation ("renormalization") - characterized by a revision of life norms, as well as the principles and rules corresponding to them;

target reorientation ("retargeting") - means the choice and development of strategic life goals, i.e. formation of new target orientations .

At the development stage, the formation of general and particular tools for the implementation of the life strategy is underway. First of all, a concept for achieving strategic goals is created (it is a generalized presentation of the main approaches, principles and methods). Then a general strategy for life is developed. After that, it is decomposed into a number of interrelated component strategies that pursue their goals. Thus, there is a consistent operationalization of the stages of all component strategies with a single temporal and qualitative interconnection. On this basis, a general program for the implementation of the life strategy is being created. Moreover, the component subprograms operate with a number of specific and general PSM technologies that are used both in exogenous and endogenous personal strategic management.

At this stage, the operationalization of the three main strategic assets of a person that he has at the time of strategy development is also carried out: human capital; financial resources; time. In light of this, among the subprograms developed at the stage, I would like to note the following:

Investing in personal human capital;

Efficient distribution of personal time based on its opportunity cost;

Optimization of personal finance;

Educational and labor (helping to optimize costs in obtaining the necessary education and pursuing a professional career).

The implementation of the strategy developed at the previous stage occurs through the implementation of component subprograms on time with the simultaneous achievement of the parameters provided for by the strategic goals.

At the stage of adjusting the life strategy, it is adapted to new strategic guidelines, modern requirements and challenges of the external environment, as well as to those qualities that a person has discovered in himself.

A person, realizing his capabilities, using the positive aspects of nature and consciously correcting individual qualities in one direction or another, can radically change the course of his life in the desired direction.

3. FORMULATION OF LIFE GOALS AS

THE FINAL STAGE OF GOAL SETTING

The last phase of the goal setting process is the concrete formulation of practical goals for the subsequent planning stage. The "goal" in its deepest essence is the anticipation of the real events of reality. Each goal is translated into action. At the same time, the implementation of the goal into action is a complex process.

Explaining his actions, a person usually refers to certain reasons that forced him to act this way and not otherwise, and tells himself and all people interested in this that he was striving to achieve some goal.

An analysis of human behavior shows that there is no one-to-one correspondence between a goal and an act. The same goal can be reached in many ways, and one way leads to different goals. Each person should have a more or less stable system of goals: some goals are more preferable, others are relegated to the background. In the totality of the goals of each person, the main and intermediate goals are found, subordinate to the main ones, but without which it is impossible to achieve the final goal. A person shows extreme interest in some goals and is ready to sacrifice the most expensive to achieve them, while other goals do not concern him much, without affecting the emotional sphere. In the language of management theory, such a system of subordinate goals is called a tree of goals.

The French sociologist B. Gurney identifies four types of personal goals for a person who has joined a management organization:

1. Striving for security, for the exclusion of threats of risk for oneself personally.

2. The desire to improve living standards. To understand this goal, it should be borne in mind that the satisfaction of employees with their salary depends not only on the absolute value of remuneration, but also on the ratio with the salaries of their colleagues.

3. The desire for power. This goal breaks down into a number of interrelated sub-goals: the desire to expand the circle of one's powers, achieve autonomy, and move up the career ladder.

4. The desire to increase and strengthen the prestige. This goal is divided into two sub-goals: strengthening personal prestige and the prestige of the organization itself.

Goal setting is more likely to be successful if the following potential weaknesses are avoided:

1. Lack of realism. Goals should be achievable, although it is preferable that they require some effort of human capabilities.

2. Uncertain time frame. Well-established goals contain a time frame for achieving them. The latter may be reviewed periodically.

3. Lack of measurability. Whenever possible, goals should be expressed in measurable terms. This allows a clear assessment of what has been achieved.

4. Inefficiency. Objectives only make sense if they clearly fit into the broader goals of the job. Therefore, the main criterion here is efficiency, not showiness, and such goals should have their place in the tasks of the organization.

5. Lack of shared interest. People who come together to work together to achieve a common goal can receive additional strength from working in a group.

6. Conflict with others. The goals of individual or group work are defined in such a way that they contradict each other. There are few ways to overcome these conflicts, and a lot of effort is wasted.

7. Lack of awareness. Large organizations are particularly vulnerable to failures in the dissemination of information. The board of directors sets goals, often expressed in financial terms, but then does not inform about it. Perhaps some fragmentary news leaks to subordinates, but they lack convincing goals expressed in universal terms.

8. Use as punishment. Target setting can be used to harass and punish people. When such a philosophy is widely disseminated, the goal-setting process is perceived negatively and artfully sabotaged.

9. Lack of analysis. The great advantage of setting goals is to provide a basis for systematic analysis. Consultation allows people to be educated, resulting in changes in resources and systems.

Usually there are 5-8 main positions for achieving the goal. The main positions are, in a sense, a more detailed goal. For the greatest success in achieving the goal, write down for yourself your general goals and the main positions for achieving them.

Goals set the direction of movement. One can imagine a large ocean vessel. Although it has everything you need to carry a heavy load from one point to another, it cannot move without a rudder. Goals are the rudder in individual and group movement. Without it, the available abilities are misdirected and accordingly wasted.

Each goal makes sense when the deadlines for its implementation are set and the desired results are formulated. Try to formulate them in relation to your desired and practical goals and check your plans for realism.

An example is the following life plan (Table 5).

Table 5

life plan

When specifically formulating practical goals, it is necessary to keep in mind aspects such as physical condition, since good health is a prerequisite for an active life and successful self-management. To do this, it is necessary to include in your periodic plans (annual, monthly, weekly and daily) activities to improve health: daily jogging in the fresh air, treatment, swimming, ski runs, preventive examinations, etc.

One should not forget about self-education, raising the level of knowledge and skills, one's own cultural enlightenment (travel, participation in cultural events, etc.).

Many managers find that personal goals can make a big difference if they meet the following criteria:

The person feels personally interested in their achievement.

Perhaps a successful advance towards them in small steps.

Time limits have been set.

A specific end result is clearly established.

The main characteristics of the goal: the accuracy of determination, the ability to measure, achievability, realism, an indication of time intervals for its implementation.

Let's look briefly at each of these components.

Target accuracy. Leads to a specific result.

Possibility to measure. It is supposed to use figures and other generally accepted standards that allow a clear comparison of what was before the implementation of the goal and after it.

Reachability. The question arises: how to achieve this goal? If you have little experience or low qualifications, then you should think about it and enroll in special courses.

Realism. Remember that it will take more than one evening to achieve the goal.

Specifying time intervals. Determine exactly how long your goal is.

The constancy and importance of goals in a person's life are different. Some of these goals are fundamental and persist over generations (for example, the desire for profit), others are more superficial and temporary (for example, the desire to have a good Christmas).

One way or another, consciously or not, you think about your life goals all your life. However, thinking about them and putting them down on paper are two different things. Unwritten goals often remain vague and utopian dreams, such as thoughts like “it would be nice to travel”, “it would be nice to be a millionaire.” Recording, on the other hand, requires you to be more specific in expression, goals are narrowed: you must express your aspirations in a few words, and not in the many of them that have passed in your thoughts.

The document that will help you determine what you really want to achieve is the Declaration of Lifetime Goals. It will give your life a purposeful direction, help you feel like the master of your own destiny.

Everyone knows that it is easier to set goals than to achieve them. Many are sloppy and unrealistic in formulating goals because they take their obligations too lightly and are ready to forget about them at any moment. The behavior of a person effective in setting goals is characterized by a careful study of possible obligations and the reality of their implementation before he takes them upon himself. Such a person is responsible for his obligations and for the efforts required to achieve the goals, no matter what difficulties he encounters. This attitude is also valuable if it extends to goals that are shared with others.

A goal in general terms can serve as a useful guide, but it may not always draw attention to what needs to be done to be successful.

Here are some examples of personal goals formulated in a general way:

Be lucky at work.

Have a good relationship with your work group.

Learn to relax at home.

Enjoy sports.

These statements cannot be said to be sufficiently definite and time-bound, although they point to a common goal and an area in which progress can be made. For such statements to be useful, they need to be made into something more concrete by asking how these general goals can be achieved and by setting specific targets with a clear time frame.

You should set realistic goals. At the same time, do not take on too much, because in this case, personal tasks have little chance of being completed. The more goals you set for yourself, the more you will have to change in your previous life, the more you will have to develop activity.

You also need to set short-term goals aligned with the achievement of your long-term global goals. In striving for long-term goals, you must reckon with changing external conditions and the emergence of new trends. Therefore, along with common goals, it is important from the point of view of psychological motivation to set short-term achievable subgoals and achieve intermediate successes.

Setting goals brings elements of directive planning into people's lives. Efforts to establish clear goals must not be allowed to stifle immediacy and limit the freedom to react to new situations. The best defined goals are those that allow you to be more open to the possibilities.

If you find insurmountable, in your opinion, obstacles in achieving your goals, you need to ask yourself the following questions:

Are your goals really important to you? Goals that are not really interested in are usually not achieved.

Are your goals realistic? It happens that people set goals that are almost impossible to achieve, and then are surprised at their failure.

Have you put enough effort and attention into achieving your goals?

Quite achievable goals may not be realized due to the fact that sufficient efforts have not been made to overcome obstacles.

Are your goals still relevant? The emergence of new circumstances may make some of your goals obsolete.

Have you attracted enough people to your cause? Without help and support, many projects are doomed to failure. Establishing relationships with others early on helps you move forward.

Is it too early for you to give up? In many cases, people "admit defeat" too soon, when perseverance could have led to success.

The choice of clear, clear and, most importantly, the right goals is a very important process for every leader. Not every person can clearly identify the main aspirations in his life and career. For this, it is necessary to have a certain type of thinking in order to put private goals at the service of common ones.

CONCLUSION

So, as a result of the course work, the theoretical and practical aspects of the technology of searching for life goals were investigated.

In conclusion, the following should be noted.

Goal setting is not just a useful exercise, but an absolutely necessary element of successful activity. Winners in life know where they are going. Losers go only where they are sent, or stay where they are. They spend their lives working to achieve the goals of others. Purpose organizes effort. Fixing itself in the mind and penetrating the entire subconscious, it automatically begins to influence your behavior, directing it to achieve a result. The psychological effect of this will be that the task will be fixed in your subconscious so much that it will be taken as a model and plan of action, which will eventually dominate all your life and consistently lead you to achieve the goal.

There are various technologies for finding life goals. Each person chooses the right to choose any of them. As the saying goes: "Your life is in your hands, and you can make it what you want."

The technologies outlined above will allow you to concentrate all your attention, strength, and energy on achieving your goal, and will help you prove yourself from the best side.

LIST OF USED LITERATURE

1. Vikhansky O.S. Strategic management. – M.: Prospekt, 2003. – 405 p.

2. Glukhov V.V. Management. 3rd ed. - St. Petersburg: Peter, 2008. - 608s. Dorofeeva L.I. Management. – M.: Eksmo, 2007. – 192p.

3. Gurney B. Introduction to the science of management. Transl.: Yakovlev G.S., Ed.: Piskotin M.I. – M.: Progress, 1969. – 430s.

4. Seivert L. Your time is in your hands. Tips for business people on how to effectively use working time: Per. with him. – M.: INFRA-M, 1995. – 265 p.

5. Lee Iacocca. Manager's career (translated by R.I. Stoller) // electronic resource. Access mode: http://lib.rus.ec/b/76377/read

6. McKay H. How to survive among sharks. Business strategy: concept, content, symbols / B. Karlof. – M.: Unity. - 2003. - 338s.

7. Mikhaleva E.P. Management. Lecture notes. – M.: Yurayt-Izdat, 2009. – 192p.

8. Human productive forces: structure and forms of manifestation. - St. Petersburg, 1993. - 120p.

9. Reznik T.E., Reznik Yu.M. Personal life orientation: analysis and counseling// Sociological research. - 2006. - No. 6.-S. 112-119.

10. Reznik T.E., Reznik Yu.M. Life strategies of the individual // Sociological research. - 2005. - No. 12. - S. 101, 103-104.

11. Rogov E.I. Human's psychology. - M .: Humanit ed. Center VLADOS, 2001. - 320 p.

12. Modern dictionary of foreign words. – M.: YuraytIzdat. - 2009. - 714p.

13. Stolyarenko L.D. Psychology: Textbook for universities. - St. Petersburg: Leader, 2006. - 592 p.

14. Thompson A.A., Strickland A.J. Strategic management. The art of developing and implementing a strategy. - M. - 2008. - S. 562.

Seivert L. Your time is in your hands. Tips for business people on how to effectively use working time: Per. with him. - M.: INFRA-M, 1995. - S. 48.

Vikhansky O.S. Strategic management. – M.: Prospect. - 2003. - S. 40.

Thompson A.A., Strickland A.J. Strategic management. The art of developing and implementing a strategy. - M. - 2008. - S. 562.

McKay H. How to survive among sharks. Business strategy: concept, content, symbols / B. Karlof. – M.: Unity. - 2003. - S. 244.

Modern dictionary of foreign words. – M.: YuraytIzdat. - 2009. - S. 223.

Reznik T.E., Reznik Yu.M. Personal life orientation: analysis and counseling// Sociological research. - 2006. - No. 6. - P. 119.

Reznik T.E., Reznik Yu.M. Personal life orientation: analysis and counseling// Sociological research. - 2006. - No. 6. - P. 112.

Gurney B. Introduction to the science of management. Transl.: Yakovlev G.S., Ed.: Piskotin M.I. - M .: Progress, 1969. - S. 16.

Glukhov V.V. Management. 3rd ed. - St. Petersburg: Peter, 2008. - S. 359 - 360.

Dorofeeva L.I. Management. - M.: Eksmo, 2007. - S. 97.

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Modeling the algorithm for setting and implementing life goals

Plan

Introduction

1. The Importance of Setting Life Goals

2. Clarifying life goals

3. Algorithm for setting life goals

3.1 Developing ideas about life aspirations

3.2 Time differentiation of life goals

3.3 Developing key professional visions

3.4 Inventory of goals

4. Formulation and implementation of life goals

Conclusion

Introduction

For each person, self-determination and self-affirmation in life is always very important, and therefore people who know exactly "what and how to do?" are the most successful.

Prominent manager Lee Iacocca says: “To succeed in business, as in almost everything else, the most important thing is to be able to focus and make good use of your time. work, and then devote yourself entirely to the implementation of this main thing.

A person who clearly sees his goal will surely achieve it with certain efforts and developed abilities.

When we want to achieve something, sooner or later we will do it, if we do not hesitate, be lazy. We are driven by a goal that does not allow us to relax. The goal is our guideline, to which our life activity is directed. Goals are the motivators of our actions, the motives that determine our activity.

Goal setting requires expressing explicit and hidden needs, interests, desires and tasks in the form of clear intentions and precise formulations, as well as orienting actions and deeds towards these goals, and their implementation. Without goals, there is no benchmark by which you can measure your work. Goals are also a criterion for evaluating what has been achieved. Even the best working method is worthless if you do not clearly and unambiguously define what you want in advance.

It is imperative to determine your goals, for whoever does not know which harbor he is sailing into does not have a fair wind (Seneca).

1. The Importance of Setting Life Goals

Goals are not set once and for all. Goal setting is an ongoing process. They may change over time, for example, if it turns out during the implementation control process that previous perceptions were incorrect or that requests turned out to be too high or, conversely, too low. aspiration need algorithm implementation

Goal setting is an absolute prerequisite for planning, decision-making and daily work.

Thus, setting personal goals allows you to:

* better understand the career choices available;

* make sure the chosen path is correct;

* better evaluate the effectiveness of actions and experiences;

* convince others of the fidelity of your point of view;

* get additional strength, motivation;

* increase the likelihood of achieving the desired results;

Knowing your goals and consistently striving for them means focusing your energy on things that really matter, instead of wasting your energy in vain. Awareness of one's goals can determine significant self-motivation for work.

People who do not have clear personal goals are usually dominated by the demands of the moment, they are more busy with fluid than with important, promising problems.

Goal setting helps us insulate ourselves from the demands of the situation or other people by achieving goals that are important to us personally.

There are stages in a person's life when he especially needs to clarify his personal goals. Usually these stages coincide with age limits, for example:

stage 1: 20-24 years old - the beginning of a career;

stage 2: about 30 years old - the acquisition of a certain competence;

stage 3: around 40 years - reviewing achievements and considering opportunities for major change;

stage 4: about 50 years old - summing up the results of a professional career and preparing for its completion;

stage 5: around 60-65 years old - transition to off-duty activities.

The importance of setting personal goals increases as you progress through one of these life stages. At the same time, a creative approach to life requires a constant openness to everything unexpected and a willingness to analyze and search for the best solutions that are achievable at any given moment.

Setting specific goals improves performance because a person in this sense has clear expectations about the result. According to probability theory, if people are clear about what results are expected of them, and if they feel a strong likelihood that, with some effort, they will be able to achieve a given level of performance and receive an appropriate reward, then their motivation to complete the task will increase significantly. If you really believe in what you're doing, you should persevere even in the face of obstacles.

The goal describes the end result, that is, it is not about what you are doing, but about why and for what you are doing it.

2. Clarifying life goals

So, you want to achieve more in your life. Do you realize that the realization of your intentions will require you to give everything completely, give up something familiar to you and exert all your spiritual and physical strength, perhaps for a long time? Is this really what you want? Otherwise, all your efforts may be in vain.

However, one desire to work with full dedication is not enough, you will immediately face dozens of questions that you must answer. Here are at least the first of them:

* What goals do you want to achieve?

* Do they agree with each other?

* Are there a so-called higher goal and certain intermediate goals on the way to the main one?

* Do you know what you can do for this yourself (strengths) and what you still need to work on (weaknesses)?

To find personal and professional reference points, first of all find out exactly what you want, that is, achieve clarity of purpose. This is a prerequisite for success in business and personal life. Finding personal life goals and defining them means giving direction to your life. For example, one of the conditions for a successful career is the right choice of profession. In this case, you can translate your own values ​​into reality.

The collapse or absence of a life goal is the strongest psychotrauma. One who does not know for what and for whom he lives is not satisfied with fate. However, disappointment often befalls those who set themselves unrealistic, unattainable goals for subjective and objective reasons.

A firm order of writing any idea - this is the first step to its implementation. In conversation, one can, often without realizing it, express all sorts of vague and absurd ideas. When you put your thoughts on paper, something happens that prompts you to delve into specific details. It is much more difficult to mislead yourself or anyone else.

Usually goals are set for a specific period, so it is useful to observe the process of their definition, approval and implementation in the following sequence:

1) clarification of needs;

2) clarification of opportunities;

3) deciding what you need;

5) clarification of the goal;

6) establishment of temporary boundaries;

7) control of their achievements.

Step one - clarify needs . You need to set goals in a situation that does not satisfy you or may become one. Setting personal goals requires analyzing the current situation and answering the question of what you would like to achieve. This requires imagination and a certain freedom from those unreasonable restrictions that were previously accepted without any objection.

Step Two - Clarifying Opportunities . Most leaders choose from a range of options in all areas of life. Some of these opportunities may conflict with your values ​​or cause difficulties for those around you. The first step in clarifying opportunities is to identify as many of them as possible. This can be achieved in part by exerting your own thought, but you can expand the list by studying the situation and attracting others. A reasonable choice cannot be made until all available options have been established.

Step three - decide what you need . The list of possibilities is not enough; you need to know what you are striving for and what you want to achieve. It may seem obvious, but determining what you need is not always easy. You need to answer 3 key questions:

* What is important to you?

* What risk are you willing to take?

* How will your decisions affect those around you?

In this case, the first question is related to the definition of your personal values ​​and positions. Here it is only necessary to emphasize that the quality of decisions about the choice of lifestyle largely depends on the depth of self-study.

The second question will help you identify personal boundaries and limits that affect your choices. You may decide that some possibilities are too risky and it is better to turn to methods of action with more reliable results. However, this causes people to avoid risky opportunities without even assessing the real degree of risk.

The third question aims to explore who and how can be affected by your decisions. It should be determined whether the result is worth the costs that are caused by this influence on others. Discussing ideas and possible actions with those likely to be affected, as well as observing their reactions, will help make difficult decisions more accurate.

Step four - choose . Once the range of available options has been determined and the needs and desires are clear, a choice must be made. Goal setting is an active step, so at the moment of choosing, you make a commitment that the chosen course of action will provide a satisfactory result. In addition, this means that the following steps can also be carried out.

Step five - clarifying the goal . Goals are useful as a reminder of what actions are being taken for. Often multiple actions are needed to achieve the same goal. At the same time, you can lose sight of the desired end result and plunge into turnover. If this happens, the manager can usually work for hours, exerting all his strength to achieve success, and still he does not succeed. Mapping logical relationships between common tasks and specific workflows can reduce unnecessary effort in refining goals.

Step six - setting time limits . Time is a resource that should be handled wisely, but can also be seriously misused. Doing too much at the same time, it is difficult to achieve results in everything, so it is necessary to rationally allocate time. This process is influenced by many factors, including the following:

* normal job requirements;

* emergency or additional requirements arising in the work;

* expectations of others;

* personal hopes and aspirations;

* a sense of duty and already assumed obligations;

* common practice.

Since many decisions about this or that use of time are made spontaneously, time is often wasted without any assessment of the real usefulness of such investments.

People should treat time as a valuable resource, like money in the bank. Time provides opportunities, and time management will expand those opportunities.

Step Seven - Control Your Achievements . There are the following benefits of monitoring personal achievements:

* there is a feedback with results of work;

* there is a feeling of satisfaction as you move towards the goal;

* an opportunity is created to rethink the chosen strategy and plan a new method of action.

The seven steps discussed above can serve as a checkpoint to clarify goals.

3. Algorithmproductionslife goals

Experts advise writing down your goals. Putting your thoughts on paper encourages you to delve into specific details. It is much more difficult to mislead yourself or anyone else.

The famous German scientist L. Seivert presents the process of setting goals through the implementation of the following steps:

1) Development of general ideas about life aspirations.

2) Differentiation in time of life goals.

3) Development of guiding ideas in the professional field.

4) Inventory goals.

3.1 Developing ideas about life aspirations

Try to depict for yourself the present and possible (future) picture of your life, for example, in the form of the so-called "curve" of life, noting the biggest successes and failures in the personal and professional spheres. Mark on the curve where you are now, and also write keywords describing success or failure near the extreme points of your life curve. Try to imagine your future and continue the "curve" further. Then name the five most important points (goals) that you want to achieve.

3.2 Time differentiation of life goals

Divide your life goals by time criteria, for which you can use the time series (Table 1). This should take into account the people from your immediate environment (partners, children, parents, boss, friends, etc.) and the events that you have to take into account.

Table 1. Time series for finding personal goals

3.3 Developing key professional visions

Define your personal and professional goals (landmarks) according to the scheme: personal desires: long-term (life goals); medium-term (5 years); short-term (next 12 months); professional goals: long-term (life goals); medium-term (5 years); short-term (next 12 months).

In this way, you will inventory your ideas, while filtering out the most important positions, i.e. life personal and career goals.

Be sure to highlight your professional guidelines, because if there is anything crucial in life, it is the choice of a profession, which is one of the main conditions for a successful career.

Try to answer the following questions:

* What would you most like to do professionally?

* If you could freely choose your position, rank, industry, organization, enterprise or institution, what would you most like to become?

It is very important to give objective answers, because a professional benchmark is the key to professional and personal success, as it:

* enhances the motivation of labor achievements;

* directs your activity, professional aspirations in a certain direction when choosing a profession;

* is a guide for the subsequent execution of your official duties.

As soon as personal and professional goals have been determined, it is necessary to deal with personal resources, that is, the means to achieve the goals. L. Seivert calls this process situational analysis.

A person's abilities are determined by various factors: heredity, upbringing, health, environment. Moreover, abilities do not remain unchanged, they can be developed, but they can also be lost.

It is necessary to determine the real location, where on your "curve of life", noting the biggest successes and defeats, while indicating what qualities were required for this and which ones were lacking. Having determined your current location, you need to answer the following questions.

In the personal area:

* Life path, what were the biggest successes and failures?

* What is the influence of the family (childhood, adolescence, parents, brothers and sisters, loved ones)?

* What are the friendships? Hostile relationship?

* Under what circumstances is there a feeling of being strong, defeated, weak?

* What measures should be preferred to prevent dangers, difficulties, problems?

* What are the possibilities? What can't they do? What can be done?

* What do you want to do specifically to benefit others?

In the professional field:

* Do I know the tasks of my position?

* Do I know what is expected of me?

* Do I know the routine, monotonous things related to my field of activity? Do I plan them?

* Do I prioritize?

* Do I complete my tasks on time?

* What failures should I reckon with?

* What are the main advantages of my work?

3.4 Inventory of goals

Based on the analysis of the main stages of your life, you need to draw up a balance of personal successes and failures (Table 2).

Table 2. Balance of personal successes and failures

It is very important to evaluate yourself correctly, which can be helped by special testing systems that make it possible to understand your strengths and weaknesses.

The next step is to group your strengths and weaknesses and highlight two or three major strengths and weaknesses (Table 3).

Such an analysis of personal qualities is a prerequisite for planning further steps and measures to achieve goals. It is very important to evaluate yourself correctly, which can be helped by special testing systems that make it possible to understand your strengths and weaknesses.

Table 3. My abilities

"Slice" of abilities	Strengths (+)	Weak sides (-)
Professional knowledge and experience
Social and communication abilities
Personal ability
Leadership abilities
Intellectual abilities, working techniques

In the process of analysis, the means (personal, financial, time resources) necessary to achieve the desired goals are compared with the real situation. For example, select five most important goals, and determine the means necessary for these goals (Table 4). Check what else you need to achieve or where to start to get closer to the relevant goal, indicate the qualifications necessary to achieve the goals, and set specific realistic practical goals for gaining experience and abilities that you still lack.

Table 4. Analysis "end - means"

Using these tabular forms, you can determine the ratio of your desires and your personal qualities and abilities and, based on the results, develop your own individual algorithm for the technology of searching for personal and professional goals.

4. Formulation and implementation of life goals

The last phase of the goal setting process is the concrete formulation of practical goals for the subsequent planning stage. The "goal" in its deepest essence is the anticipation of the real events of reality. Each goal is translated into action. At the same time, the implementation of the goal into action is a complex process.

In the totality of the goals of each person, the main and intermediate goals are found, subordinate to the main ones, but without which it is impossible to achieve the final goal. For some goals, a person shows extreme interest and is ready to sacrifice the most expensive for their achievement; other goals are of little concern to him and do not affect his emotional sphere. Such a system of subordinate goals is called a goal tree.

The French sociologist B. Gurney identifies four types of personal goals for a person who has joined a management organization.

1. Striving for security, for the exclusion of threats of risk for oneself personally.

2. The desire to improve living standards. To understand this goal, it should be borne in mind that the satisfaction of employees with their wages depends not only on the absolute value of remuneration, but also on the relative value of the wages of their colleagues.

3. The desire for power. This goal breaks down into a number of interrelated sub-goals: the desire to expand the circle of one's powers, to achieve autonomy, to move up the career ladder.

4. The desire to increase and strengthen the prestige. This goal is divided into two sub-goals: strengthening personal prestige and the prestige of the organization itself.

Goals set the direction of movement. Each goal makes sense when the deadlines for its implementation are set and the desired results are formulated. Try to formulate them in relation to your desired and practical goals and check your plans for realism.

When specifically formulating practical goals, it is necessary to keep in mind aspects such as physical condition, since good health is a prerequisite for an active life and successful self-management. To do this, it is necessary to include in your periodic plans (annual, monthly, weekly and daily) activities to improve health: daily jogging in the fresh air, treatment, swimming, ski runs, preventive examinations, etc.

One should not forget about self-education, raising the level of knowledge and skills, one's own cultural enlightenment (travel, participation in cultural events, etc.).

An important condition for achieving career goals is their correct setting. Personal goals must meet the following requirements:

* The person feels personally interested in achieving them.

* It is possible to successfully move towards them in small steps.

* Set time limits.

* A specific end result is clearly established.

Along with general goals, it is important to set short-term sub-goals and achieve intermediate successes. The reality around us and we ourselves are constantly changing, so the goals must be systematically analyzed and, if necessary, revised, looking for the best available opportunities, and in no case forget to clearly monitor the implementation of the intended results.

Conclusion

Goal setting means looking to the future, focusing and focusing our energies and activities on what is to be achieved. To keep up with the pace of social and economic change, each person needs to carefully and regularly reassess their goals. All people are different, each operates in a unique environment, so the work of formulating goals should be individual.

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A characteristic of the concept of everyday life as a reality that is interpreted by people and has subjective significance for them as an integral life world. The relationship of elements of culture, life ideas, patterns of behavior and patterns.

report, added 06/28/2011


The concept of self-realization. Formation of the need for professional self-realization of students, determination of their life strategies. Questionnaire survey of students about their attitude to the profession and expectations from future work, about plans for the near future.